AS

Asexual reproduction in plants

Also called vegetative reproduction
1. Bulbs : short stem with fleshy leaves , contain food
reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse
weather conditions . At the centre of the bulb is a
vegetative growing point or an unexpected flowering
shoot . It is a food storage organ during dormancy .

2. Rhizome : creeping root stalk. If it is separated into

pieces , each piece may be able to give rise to a new
plant. The plant uses the rhizome to store starch ,
proteins , and other nutrients .These nutrients are
useful to the plant when the new shoots start to be
formed or when the plant dies back for the winter.
RHIZOME CAN BE PRODUCED ARTIFICIALLY , from
tissue culture better stalks , greater yields

3. Corms : short vertical swollen underground stem to

store nutrients . it is a storage organ used by some
plants to survive winter . it consists of one or more
internodes , with at least one growing point with
protective leaves. It is unsuitable for replanting if
stored. Modified into skins made of dead petiole
sheaths , remnants of leaves produced in previous
years. They act as a covering protecting the corm
from insects , digging animals , flooding or water
loss. Sometimes they are confused with true bulbs
externally , corms are stems that are internally solid
tissue (cut half solid) while bulbs are made of
layered fleshy scales that are modified leaves (cut
halflayers).
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4. Tubers : modified root or stem that stores nutrients .

used by plants to survive the winter or dry months to
provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the
next growing season and as means for asexual
reproduction. The top sides of the tuber produce
shoots that grow into typical stems and leaves and
the under sides produce roots . They are most often
near the soil surface.

5. Runners : specialized stems . Also called stolons .

These are stems growing horizontally outward and
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downward from plants and produce baby plants at

their tips . By cutting off the baby plants and planting
them or allowing them make on their own additional
plants may grow .

6. Suckers : develop from the root at the base at a

certain distance disadvantage , that they are
subjected for fungal infections . plants reproduce
which sprout from the plants lateral roots . these
suckers create new plants that emerge from the
ground . They spread out easily through the garden.
It is also called : basal shoot , root sprout . A plant
that produces suckers is called suculose .

7. Regeneration : It is the process of renewal ,

restoration and growth that makes , genomes , cells
organisms . Every species is capable of regeneration
is complete where the new tissue iis the same as the
lost one. Regeneration , is mediated by molecular
processes of gene regulation . It allows multicellular
organisms to repair and maintain the integrity of
their physiological and morphological states. Starfish
has the ability to regenerate lost arms and regrow an
entire new organism given in a separate limb.
8. Parthenogenesis , parthenos virgin ,
genesiscreation . Growth and development of
embryos occur without fertilization . In animals ,
parthenogenesis means development of an embryo
from an unfertilized egg cell and is a component of
apomixis
( replacement of normal sexual
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reproduction by asexual reproduction without

fertilization) In species that use ZW , in Komodo
dragons , are the largest lezards on earth (in
Indonesia).
In two zoos in the united kingdom , two females laid
eggs hatched healthy dragons * with the absence
of males
No mutation
No relation between the
two females within the
two zoos
DNA test for young
dragons showed : male ZZ
Female WZ W
Z when these duplicate during parthenogenesis
WW and ZZ are produced .
WW genetic non-sense ZZ normal male baby