You are on page 1of 28

INDOOR COVERAGE

Methods and Procedure for inbuilding design and optimization

Mobile Radio Network Planning

Indoor Coverage


Contents
 1.

Objectives of Indoor Coverage


 2. Indoor Process
 3. Example of Deployment

Mobile Radio Network Planning

1. Objectives of Indoor
Coverage

Mobile Radio Network Planning

1. Objectives of Indoor
Coverage
Indoor coverage is
strongly requested by
users.
Providing deep indoor
coverage generates
traffic ..

 Only solution that can


cope with tomorrow
needs, in order to
offer more and more
services to the
subscriber:
 IN services
 Corporate GSM

Mobile Radio Network Planning

1. Objectives of Indoor
Coverage


Providing a complete coverage within a building


requires dedicated systems:
 To

provide a real continuous coverage

 To

improve the quality of service

 To

provide the required capacity and

relieve the outdoor cells


 To take into account the triple challenge:
Coverage - Quality - Capacity
Mobile Radio Network Planning

1. Objectives of Indoor Coverage




A compromise has to be found between coverage and


interference:
 Signal

from the indoor cell must be strong enough to


guarantee a full coverage of the building (complex 3D
environment) and to get rid of interference from the
outdoor cells (specially in upper floors)

 Signal

must be limited not to interfere with the outside


network

Capacity of the indoor cell can be either centralized or


distributed

Mobile Radio Network Planning

1. Objectives of Indoor
Coverage


Quality issue: limitation of the interference




DL interference generated by the indoor to the outdoor:


signal must be confined as much as possible

UL interference: MS power must be reduced inside the


building (the indoor MS close to the window may be a strong

uplink interferer when located in upper floors)


 No modification should be performed on the outdoor Network

Mobile Radio Network Planning

2. Indoor Process

Mobile Radio Network Planning

2. INDOOR PROCESS
 The Indoor methodology is composed of 15 steps


This process helps to :




Plan the different actions

Create the most appropriated design taking


into account the best technique-economical
approach

Realise a full report concerning the indoor


installation
9

Mobile Radio Network Planning

2. INDOOR PROCESS















Mobile Radio Network Planning

Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Step 8:
Step 9:
Step 10:
Step 11:
Step 12:
Step 13:
Step 14:
Step 15:

Preparation and Information Gathering


Customer Wishes
Site Survey
Preliminary Design
Propagation Measurements
Design
Approvals
Installation
Installation Commissioning
BTS Commissioning
Indoor default parameters
Design Commissioning
Tuning
Performance Tests
Final Report

10

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 1 & 2
 1 - Preparation & information gathering


Location, shape, floors

Building layout

All information on different constraints

Obtain a full description of the building

 2 - Customer wishes


Meeting the customers (building management) on


site

Asking them about their needs and wishes




Mobile Radio Network Planning

These information help having a


better technical approach

11

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 3 & 4


3 - Site survey


Determine the technical room and cabling access

Performing digital measurement and frequencies scan




The existing radio coverage and network quality


must be known

4 - Preliminary design



Defining the strategy for propagation tests, antenna needed


Taking into account the existing situation and the customer
wishes

Rough indoor design and distribution system


proposition

Mobile Radio Network Planning

12

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 5 & 6
 5 - Propagation measurements


Evaluating the indoor propagation

Validated antennas position and quantity

 6 - Design


Taking into account the needed number of


antennas

Taking into account the installation possibility

Taking into account the existing situation and


the customer wishes


Proposed indoor design


13

Mobile Radio Network Planning

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 7 & 8
 7 - Approvals


Validating the proposed design by the


customer


A signed form allowing the


start of the installation

8 - Installation


Installation teams must work under the


supervision of Indoor team


Notice all modifications

Mobile Radio Network Planning

14

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 9 & 10


9 - Installation commissioning
Validating the installation

Avoid any installation


problem and information
for the report


10 - BTS commissioning
Necessary operation performed by

the BTS commissioning team


15

Mobile Radio Network Planning

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 11 & 12


11 - First configuration of parameters




Setting the default radio parameters




They could be adjusted in a


case by case study

12 - Design commissioning


After switching on the BTS, performing air


measurement


Obtain the coverage, quality and


interference map
Validate the neighbouring list

Mobile Radio Network Planning

16

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Steps 13 & 14


13 - Tuning


Performing Air and A-bis measurements




Adjustment and validation of C1 & C2, PC,


and HO
 14 - Performances tests


Mobile Radio Network Planning

Evaluating the cell performance




Comparison before after (gain)

Leakage to outdoor network

Cell statistic

17

2. INDOOR PROCESS
Step 15


15 - Final Report
 Contains a summary of all the steps
mentioned
 Presentation of the indoor cell
 Presentation of its performances
 Presentation of the improvement in the
network

Mobile Radio Network Planning

18

3. Example Of Deployment

Mobile Radio Network Planning

19

3. Example of Deployment
Steps 1 & 2
Output - 1

macro and micro


cells near the
building

building own by one


company

17 floors

each floor occupied


by various division

Mobile Radio Network Planning

20

3. Example of Deployment
Steps 1 & 2
Output - 2


typical floor layout, center and two wings

half gypsum partition separates rooms

one main lift

technical room on roof top floor

full coverage to the building, include main


lift

strategic floor: 15 floor (management floor)

floor size: (16 x 85) m


capacity: 4 TRX

21

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Steps 1 & 2 Output - 3
SITE INFORMATION

Information
Summary

Site
Name:

___________________

Location:

___________________

Number of floors:

___________________

Layouts of floors:

All

Some

None

Technical Information
Number of BTS:

_____unit(s)

Number of TRX per BTS:

_____

Location of BTS:

_____floors

Access
Restricted Access:

Yes, floors :_____


No

Limited Time:

Yes, Time :_____


No

Person in charge :

Customer:

Building Management:

Name:

___________________

Tel:

___________________

Name:

___________________

Tel:

___________________

Customer Wishes
Strategic floors:

Yes, floors :_____


No

Comments:
Coverage and quality objectives:

Mobile Radio Network Planning

22

3. Example of Deployment
Step 3
Output - 1


Technical room and cabling


 available space for BTS and Rectifier
 available cable tray to reach cable
riser
 cable riser, straight from 15th floor
down to ground floor

Building material
 Walls (concrete, brick)
 Partitions (gypsum, plywood)
 Ceiling (gypsum, metal false
ceiling)
 Floors (concrete)
23

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 3
Output - 2
Coverage


Digital measurement to asses the


outdoor coverage
 performed on lower, medium,
and upper floor (ground, 5,
10 and 15 floors)

Observations
 poor coverage, especially in
deep indoor
 bad quality, even sometimes
near the windows
 interference problems also
appears on upper floors
Mobile Radio Network Planning

Quality

24

3. Example of Deployment
Step 3
Output - 3


Scanning the frequency band


 performed facing two
directions (facing sea side and
city side) on lower, medium,
and upper floor.
Observations
 city side noise floor higher
than sea side
 maximum BCCH noise floor: 86 dBm
 maximum TCH noise floor: 93 dBm

BCCH
TCH

25

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 4
Output - 1


Two antenna positions will be evaluate (A and B)

Rough indoor evaluation, centralised capacity


and balance antenna power:
 3 antennas per floor
 EIRP: 13 dBm (G2 BTS), 51 ant. required
 2 antennas per floor
 EIRP: 15 dBm, 34 ant. required
 1 antenna per floor
 EIRP: 18 dBm, 17 ant. required

Position B

Position A

 Proposal: passive solution, antenna with coaxial cable distribution


Mobile Radio Network Planning

26

3. Example of Deployment
Step 5
Output - 1


Analogue measurement
tool
 Radio transmitter,
minimum value: 23
dBm (200 mW)



Radio receiver

ALCATEL software,
A954W A

27

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 5
Output - 2


Antenna position A, EIRP:24


dBm

N: well covered, but low coverage


might appears at the corner of both
wings

N+1,N-1: good coverage only in the


corridor area near the lift.
Coverage visualisation

Mobile Radio Network Planning

N+1
N
N- 1

28

3. Example of Deployment
Step 5
Output - 3


Antenna position B, EIRP:24


dBm


N: 3/4 floor is well covered, low coverage


appears at the other wing

N+1,N-1: good coverage only at first


wing
Coverage visualisation

Mobile Radio Network Planning

N+1
N
N- 1

29

3. Example of Deployment
Step 6
Output - 1


Design: antenna configuration 2+1 (2


antennas on N floor and 1 antenna on N-1
floor)


required: 26 antennas
Coverage visualisation

Mobile Radio Network Planning

30

3. Example of Deployment
Step 6
Output - 2
P

15

even

odd

Mz.
Mz.

Gr.

Installation guide


location of BTS

cable path from BTS to


cable riser

antenna position on each


floor

cable path from cable riser


to antenna and the
distance

even: 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4,


2
odd: 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3

Mobile
 Radio Network Planning

31

3. Example of Deployment
Step 6
Output - 3


Design proposal


1 BTS 4 TRX

26 Omni antennas

1 splitter 2 ways and 12 splitter 3


ways

1069 m 1/2 RF coaxial cable


and 155 m 7/8 RF coaxial cable

78 unit 1/2 N male connector


and 6 unit 7/16 N male
connector

Mobile Radio Network Planning

32

3. Example of Deployment
Step 6
Output - 4
Cable
Splitter
Floor Antenna
Nbr Position 1/2" (m) 7/8" (m) loss (dB) 2 ways 3 ways loss (dB)
P
1
71
35
6.80
1
2
13.0
15
2
46
35
4.92
1
2
13.0
14
1
24.4
35
3.30
3
15.0
1
60.4
35
6.00
3
15.0
13
2
38.4
35
4.35
3
15.0
12
1
31
35
3.80
3
15.0
1
67
35
6.50
3
15.0
11
2
45
35
4.85
3
15.0
10
1
28
77
5.33
3
15.0
1
64
77
8.03
3
15.0
9
2
42
77
6.38
3
15.0
8
1
21.4
77
4.84
3
15.0
1
57.4
77
7.54
3
15.0
7
2
35.4
77
5.89
3
15.0
6
1
28
77
5.33
3
15.0
1
64
77
8.03
3
15.0
5
2
42
77
6.38
3
15.0
4
1
28
113
6.85
3
15.0
1
64
113
9.55
3
15.0
3
2
42
113
7.90
3
15.0
2
1
21.4
113
6.35
3
15.0
1
57.4
113
9.05
3
15.0
1
2
35.4
113
7.40
3
15.0
Mezz
1
64
113
9.55
3
15.0
1
25
113
6.62
3
15.0
Gnd
2
47
113
8.27
3
15.0

Connector
unit
loss (dB)
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

Total Antenna EIRP


loss (dB) gain (dBi) (dBm)

3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

23.00
21.12
21.50
24.20
22.55
22.00
24.70
23.05
23.53
26.23
24.58
23.04
25.74
24.09
23.53
26.23
24.58
25.05
27.75
26.10
24.55
27.25
25.60
27.75
24.82
26.47

2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2

16.21
18.08
17.70
15.00
16.65
17.21
14.51
16.16
15.67
12.97
14.62
16.16
13.46
15.11
15.67
12.97
14.62
14.15
11.45
13.10
14.65
11.95
13.60
11.45
14.38
12.73

LOSS CALCULATION
ANTENNA GAIN
EIRP
33

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 7
Output - 1
DESIGN APPROVAL FORM
Site

Presented the design proposal to the


customer
final site surveys with customer and
building management


confirm the technical room

confirm the antenna positions

confirm the cable tray and cable riser to


be used

confirm the civil work required such as


drilling access

delivered the design report

Mobile Radio Network Planning

Name:

___________________

Location:

___________________

Number of floors:

___________________

Technical Information
Number of BTS:

_____unit(s)

Number of TRX per BTS:

_____

Location of BTS:

_____floors

Number of antennas:

_____

Number of splitters:

_____

Total cable lengths:

_____

Design reference
Reference:

___________________

Designer name:

___________________

Tel:

___________________

Comments

Approvals
ALCATEL

CUSTOMER

BUILDING

Indoor responsible

Indoor responsible

Building management

Date:

Date:

Date:

Name:

Name:

Name:

Sign:

Sign:

Sign:

34

3. Example of Deployment
Step 8
Output - 1
7/16
7/8

1/2

supervise the
installation
team

note the actual


cable length

3dB

Jumper
1/2

TypeN

Mobile Radio Network Planning

1/2

1/2

35

3. Example of Deployment
Steps 9 & 10
Output - 1


measure the level received under


the antenna


use analogue transmitter in


place of BTS, adjust the power
as used on calculation

use analogue measurements


tool

note the difference

visual check the the cable


connection to the splitter

Note the availability date of BTS

Mobile Radio Network Planning

36

3. Example of Deployment
Step 11
Output - 1

Cell configuration: Microcell


 To stay on the indoor cell when MS inside the building
 avoid handover toward strong outdoor macrocell
 able to handover quickly to the indoor cell
Selection and Re-selection
 Use of C1 and C2 criteria to favour the indoor cell when required
Neighbouring List
 Ensure all MS can perform HO to the indoor cell
 bi-directional relationship, unilateral relationship handover

37

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 11
Output - 2


List of radio parameter


Cell Description
Name
CELL_DIMENSION_TYPE

Value
Micro

Name
CELL_COVERAGE_TYPE

Value
Overlaid

Selection and Reselection


Name
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET

Value
-95 dBm
8 dB
10 dB

Name
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
PENALTY_TIME
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH

Value
20 dB
60 sec
33 dBm

Power Control
Name
N_BSTXPWR_M
EN_BS_PC
EN_MS_PC
A_LEV_PC
A_QUAL_PC
POW_RED_STEP_SIZE
POW_INC_STEP_SIZE

Mobile Radio Network Planning

Value
17 SACCH
Disable
Enable
4 SACCH
4 SACCH
2 dB
6 dB

Name
L_RXLEV_UL_P
U_RXLEV_UL_P
L_RXQUAL_UL_P
U_RXQUAL_UL_P
MS_P_CON_ACK
MS_P_CON_INT

Value
-80 dBm
-70 dBm
2
1
2 sec
0 sec

38

3. Example of Deployment
Step 11
Output - 3


List of radio parameter


Handover - General
Name
EN_RXQUAL_UL
EN_RXQUAL_DL
EN_RXLEV_UL
EN_RXLEV_DL
EN_PBGT_HO
CELL_EV
A_LEV_HO
A_QUAL_HO

Value
Enable
Enable
Enable
Enable
Enable
Order
4 SACCH
4 SACCH

Name
A_PBGT_HO
L_RXLEV_UL_H
L_RXLEV_DL_H
RXLEV_UL_IH
RXLEV_DL_IH
L_RXQUAL_UL_H
L_RXQUAL_DL_H
HO_MARGIN

Value
6 SACCH
-95 dBm
-85 dBm
-62 dBm
-62 dBm
3
3
6 dB

Handover - Specific for microcell


Name
EN_MCHO_H_UL
EN_MCHO_H_DL
EN_MCHO_RESCUE
EN_MCHO_NCELL
EN_RESCUE_UM_B5
EN_SPEED_DISC

Value
Enable
Enable
Enable
Disable
Enable
Disable

Name
A_LEV_MCHO
U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO
N_BAD_SACCH
OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV

Value
6 SACCH
-80 dBm
-78 dBm
-72 dBm
7 SACCH
-80 dBm

39

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 12
Output - 1
Coverage

Quality

Interference

Indoor cell plot map


 coverage: > -83
dBm
 some bad quality
spots due to
interference problem
need clean frequency
for indoor cell

Mobile Radio Network Planning

40

3. Example of Deployment
Step 12
Output - 2


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Final neighbouring list

Cell name
W8/PH3
W10_A
W8_B
AUH_West_C
W7C19_C
W9/C46_C
W10/C24_A
W7C19_B

CI
19540
11081
11782
1243
1733
12543
12451
1732

Cell_dimension_type
Micro
Macro
Macro
Macro
Macro
Macro
Macro
Macro
41

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 13
Output - 1
3250

3000
2750

Nb_samples

2500

A-bis measurement
 Balance power budget
 Tune uplink power
control
 L_RXLEV_UL_P: -80 to
70 dBm
 U_RXLEV_UL_P: -70 to
60 dBm

Downlink

<Qual_DL>

2250
2000

6
5
4

1750
1500

1250
1000

750
500

250
0

0
-110-107-104-101 -98 -95 -92 -89 -86 -83 -80 -77 -74 -71 -68 -65 -62 -59 -56 -53 -50 -47 -44 -41

2100

1950
1800
1650
1500

Uplink

Nb_samples
<Qual_UL>

6
5

1350
1200

1050
3

900
750

600
450

300
150

Power Budget

0
-110-107-104-101 -98 -95 -92 -89 -86 -83 -80 -77 -74 -71 -68 -65 -62 -59 -56 -53 -50 -47 -44 -41

BTS Name Fu Freq. RxLev_UL RxLev_DL RxQual_UL RxQual_DL Path_loss_UL Path_loss_DL delta_Path_loss delta_quality nb_of samples Nb_of calls
Indoor
-69.18
-58.82
0.11
0.13
96.22
95.82
0.4
-0.02
15033
1 FH
-69.14
-59.24
0.11
0.11
98.06
96.24
1.82
0
4606
37
2 FH
-68.58
-56.86
0.06
0.07
93.2
93.86
-0.66
0
5513
43
3 FH
-69.9
-60.61
0.15
0.22
97.88
97.61
0.27
-0.06
4914
47

Mobile Radio Network Planning

42

3. Example of Deployment
Step 13
Output - 2
Best Server


Air measurement (normal


mode)
 Handover from indoor
micro to outdoor cell
 Need to avoid the outdoor
cell served inside the
building
Investigate the reason for
handover, level or quality (DL
or UL) and tune to
appropriate value

Coverage

Quality

Outdoor
cell

43

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 13 Output - 3

12:47:16

12:46:54

12:46:08

12:45:09

12:44:54

12:44:30

12:43:52

12:43:31

12:43:02

12:42:29

12:42:05

12:41:49

12:41:33

12:40:34

12:40:10

12:39:55

12:39:37

12:39:23

12:38:34

12:38:01

12:37:36

12:37:27

12:37:13

Tim e

C1 criteria Test 1
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

12:34:20

12:34:05

12:33:50

12:33:36

12:33:22

12:33:08

12:32:45

12:32:31

12:32:17

12:32:03

12:31:49

12:31:35

12:31:21

12:31:05

12:30:50

12:30:35

12:30:21

12:30:07

12:29:10

12:28:35

12:28:18

12:28:04

12:27:50

12:27:36

12:27:22

Tim e

12:26:50

12:36:36

Indoor cell identify with


blue colour line
Test 1
 From depth indoor to
window then
comeback
Test 2
 From depth indoor
going outside and
going back again

12:27:08

70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

C1 criteria Test 2
Mobile Radio Network Planning

44

3. Example of Deployment
Step 13
Output - 4


Examples of parameter to be tune from the first


configuration
Power Control
Selection and Reselection
Name
Value Range
Name
Value Range
Unit
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
-105 to -95 dBm
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
10, 20
dB

Handover - General
Name
L_RXLEV_UL_H
L_RXLEV_DL_H
RXLEV_UL_IH
RXLEV_DL_IH

Value Range
-95, -92
-92, -85
-70, -62
-70, -62

L_RXLEV_UL_P
U_RXLEV_UL_P
L_RXQUAL_UL_P
U_RXQUAL_UL_P

-70, -80
-60, -70
2
0, 1

Unit
dBm
dBm

Handover - Specific for microcell

Unit
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm

Name
U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO
OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV

Value Range
-84 to -78
-82 to -76
-78 to -72
-88 to -80

Unit
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm

45

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 Coverage Comparison 1
Coverage
Improved

Coverage Before Coverage After

Mobile Radio Network Planning

46

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 Quality Comparison - 2

Quality Before

Quality After

Quality Improved

47

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 Best Server Comparison 2

 100% of the building is


served by the indoor cell
After

Before
Mobile Radio Network Planning

48

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 RXLEV Distribution - 4

With indoor cell

Before indoor cell

More than 99,8% of samples


with a level over 80dBm

Less than 11,8% of samples


with a level over 80dBm

49

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 RXQUAL Distribution 5
Before indoor cell
With indoor cell
48% of sample with bad
93% of samples with
quality
good quality (0 2)

Mobile Radio Network Planning

50

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 MSPWR Distribution 6

Before Indoor Cell

With Indoor Cell

Mean MSPWR = 33 dBm Mean MSPWR = 22 dBm

Mobile Radio Network Planning

51

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 Leakage
Leakage of Indoor Cell

Indoor Cell does not


served on the street
(confine inside the
building)
No degradation in
outdoor network

Mobile Radio Network Planning

52

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14
Cell Statistic - 8
Call Setup Success Rate & Call Drop Rate

99.50%

4.50%

99.00%

4.00%

98.50%

3.50%
3.00%

Call_Setup_Succ

97.50%

2.50%

Call_Drop

97.00%

CD

98.00%

2.00%

96.50%

1.50%

96.00%

1.00%

95.50%

0.50%

95.00%

0.00%

23
-M
ay
-9
9
24
-M
ay
-9
9
26
-M
ay
-9
9
28
-M
ay
-9
9
29
-M
ay
-9
9
02
-J
un
-9
9
04
-J
un
-9
9
05
-J
un
-9
9
06
-J
un
-9
9
07
-J
un
-9
9

CSSR

53

Mobile Radio Network Planning

3. Example of Deployment
Step 14 Cell Statistic - 9

RTCH Traffic
35.0

11.0

30.0

9.0
Erlang Total

25.0

7.0

Erlang BH

20.0
5.0
15.0

Erlang

5.00%

CSSR > 99.5%


CD < 0.5%

Erlang

100.00%

3.0

10.0

1.0

5.0
0.0

-1.0
30-May-99 31-May-99

Mobile Radio Network Planning

1-Jun-99

2-Jun-99

3-Jun-99

4-Jun-99

5-Jun-99

6-Jun-99

54

3. Example of Deployment
Step 15
Output - 1


Indoor signal confined inside the building, no


leakage to outside

The indoor cell is the only one best server in the


building with excellent quality

Excellent Quality of Service on the indoor cell:


 Average

Call Drop Rate below 0.5 %

 Average

CSSR over 99.5 %

 Total

traffic up to 30 erlang per day

Mobile Radio Network Planning

55

You might also like