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Reliability and Maintenance

(MANE 4015 )
Instructor: Dr. Sayyed Ali Hosseini
Winter 2015
Lecture #3

Another Reliability Related Parameters


( ) = Mean time to failure (MTTF)
= Median time to failure
= Average failure rate

MANE4015 Reliability and Maintenance

Lecture #3

Mean Time to Failure


The manufacturing engineers or whoever run the machines or
other devices are interested in determining the expected time to
next failure, and this is what we call Mean Time To Failure
(MTTF).
Mean Time To Failure (MTTF): is defined as the expected value
of the lifetime before a failure occurs.

MTTF represent the quality and usefulness of a component.

MANE4015 Reliability and Maintenance

Lecture #3

Mean Time to Failure


Suppose that the reliability function for a system is given by ( )
and random variable is time to failure. The mean time to failure
can be represented as follows:
= ( )=

As can be seen from above equation, the MTTF is the area


beneath the reliability distribution function ( ). It can also be
shown that:
=

MANE4015 Reliability and Maintenance

Why?
Thinks about this and try to prove it.

Lecture #3

Example #1
What is the MTTF if the failure density function of a component
is given by:
0.25
= 0.25
8
where is in years.

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Example #1 Solution
It can be determined from
Failure distribution function:

Reliability distribution function:

=1

that (0 8) years.
=

0.25

0.25
8

= 1 0.25 + 0.25

= 0.25 0.25

16

16

As a result:
=
=

=
=

1 0.25 + 0.25
!

0.25
0.25
8

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16
=

0.25
0.25

Lecture #3

+ 0.25

0.25
8

8
= 2.667 %&'()
48 0
"

0.25 " 8
0.25 +
= 2.667 %&'()
2
8 3 0
6

Median Time to Failure


Median time to failure is sometimes employed to characterize
the life times of components.
Assume that at the beginning of a process, + parts are put into
service. Median time to failure ( ) is time when half of the
parts fails or ( 50) = 0.5

MANE4015 Reliability and Maintenance

Lecture #3

Example #2
What is the median time to failure for a components if the
failure density function is given by:

where is in years.

0.25
= 0.25
8

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Lecture #3

Example #2 Solution
Similar to example #1, (0 8) years and also:
Failure distribution function:

set

= 0.25 0.25

16

) = 0.5

Knowing that
Solving for

As above mentioned:

= 0.25 0.25

16

0.5 = 0.25

0.25

16

13.657 %&'()
=2.343 %&'()

0 8

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= 2.343 %&'()

Lecture #3

Average Failure Rate (AFR)


The average failure rate (AFR) over time interval ( 1, 2) is
defined as:
/,

Since

Since

=
=&

0
45( )

/,

= ln

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Lecture #3

/,

ln ( / ) ln ( )
=
/

10

Example #3
what is the average failure rate between years 2 and 6 if the
reliability distribution function of a components is given by:
1
1
=1
+
4
64
where is in years.

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Example #3 Solution
/,

2,6 =

ln ( / ) ln ( )
/

ln (2) ln (6)
1
1
1
=
ln 1 2 +
2
62
62
4
64

ln 1

1
1
6 +
6
4
64

'9:)
2,6 = 0.5493
%&'(

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Some Probability Distribution Functions and Their


Application in Reliability

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1- Exponential Distribution
Consider a part operating at time = 0 and characterized by a
constant failure rate (hazard rate) 0
= 0. Assume time and
subdivide the interval (0, ) into + subintervals of equal length .
In each subinterval, the part either survives with constant survival
probability equal to 1 0 or it fails with probability equal to
0 .
This distribution is called exponential distribution and it is the
only distribution that has a constant hazard rate. Therefore; it is
broadly used to describe useful life of a part (flat portion of the
bathtub hazard function).
The exponential distribution for reliability applications is
formulated as follows:

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1- Exponential Distribution (Cont.)


Suppose a component has a exponential failure density function:
= 0& 4<
Therefore:
Failure distribution function:
=

0& 4<=

= & 4<

= & 4< 1 = 1 & 4<

Hence the reliability distribution function is:


=1

= 1 1 & 4<

= & 4<

And finally failure rate function (hazard rate function):


0

0& 4<
=
= 4< = 0
( )
&

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1- Exponential Distribution (Cont.)


The expected or mean value and variance of the exponential
distribution are:
The expected value or mean value:
The variance:

>'(

1
=
0

1
=
0

For exponential distribution, the definition of mean value


exactly represents the mean time to failure (MTTF).

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Example #4
What is the MTTF for a component if the failure density function
of a component is exponential?

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Example #4 Solution
=

&

4<

& 4<
=
= 1/0
0 0

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