TECHNICAL CALCULATION OF SEGMENTAL PC I BEAM FOR BRIDGE

SPAN (ctc) L =
37.00 M
I. DATA

0.4

L=

Beam length
Beam spacing (s)
Concrete Slab thickness
Asphalt thickness
RC Flat thickness

37.00 M

=
=
=
=
=

37.80
205.00
25.00
10.00
7.00

m
( edge anchor to edge ancho
cm
cm (not include RC Flat)
cm
cm

20
12
25
25

cm
cm
cm
cm

Cross Section

H
A
B
tweb

=
=
=
=

210
80
70
20

cm
cm
cm
cm

tfl-1
tfl-2
tfl-3
tfl-4

=
=
=
=

tfl-1
tfl-2

tfl-3
tfl-4

II. MATERIAL
2.1 Concrete
Beam

Compressive strength
at service
* fc' = (0.76+0.2*log(bk/150))*bk =

600
528.2

at initial
(
80%
), fc'i =
422.6
Allowable stress at initial ..(AASHTO 1992, Chapt. 9.15.2.1-Design)
Compressive

0.55 * fc'I =

232.4

Tensile
0.80 * Sqrt(fc'I) =
16.4
Allowable stress at service . (AASHTO 1992, Chapt. 9.15.2.2-Design)
Compressive
Tensile

0.40 * fc' =

211.3

1.59 * Sqrt(fc') =

36.5

Modulus of elasticity

Ec = 347052.8
Eci = 310413.5

Modulus rupture
Note :
* Pedoman Beton 1988, Chapter 3

fr =

45.5

2.2 Prestressing Cable

[Uncoated stress relieve seven wires strand]
( ASTM A 416 Grade 270 Low Relaxation or JIS G 3536 )
12.7
[mm]
- Diameter strand
dia
:
:

0.9871

fu

[cm2]
: 1.96E+06 [kg/cm2]
: 19000 [kg/cm2]

dia

13

- Eff. Section area

Ast

- Modulus of elasticity

Es

- Ultimate tensile strength

2.3 Steel Reinforcement
- Diameter

[mm]

- Eff. Section area

Ast

: 1.327323 [cm2]

- Modulus of elasticity

Es

: 2.10E+06 [kg/cm2]

- Yield stress

fy

3900

[kg/cm2]

III. SECTION ANALYSIS

Remark :
Ep 1 =

347053

Ep 2 =

257922

kg/cm2
kg/cm2

[Girder]

5
4

[Slab]

Ya

n = Ep 1 / Ep 2
n=
1.35

3
Yb

base line

PRECAST BEAM

3.1 Precast Beam

[ in cm]

Zone

6
5
4
3
2
1
Total

Section
Height

Width
Bottom
Upper

7.0
13.0
12.0
128.0
25.0
25.0
210.0

64.0
80.0
20.0
20.0
70.0
70.0

64.0
80.0
80.0
20.0
20.0
70.0

Area
cm2

Level
cm

Yb
cm

Area*Yb
cm3

448.00
1040.00
600.00
2560.00
1125.00
1750.00
7523.00

203.0
190.0
178.0
50.0
25.0
0.0

206.5
196.5
185.2
114.0
35.2
12.5
101.2

92512
204360
111120
291840
39583
21875
761290

Area
cm2

Level
cm

Yb
cm

Area*Yb
cm3

3808.79
0.00
7523.00
11331.79

210.0
203.0
0.0

222.5
205.3
101.2
142.0

847456
0
761290
1608746

Area (cm2)

Ya (cm)

Yb (cm)

Ix (cm4)

108.8
93.0
61.0

101.2
142.0

41398803
78805199

3.2 Composite Beam

[in cm]
Zone

Height
Section

Width
Bottom
Upper

25.0
7.0
210.0
235.0

152.4
0.0
70.0

1
Total
3.3

152.4
0.0
80.0

Resume
[in cm]
Description

Precast Beam
Composite Beam

7523.00
[composite] 11331.79
[precast]

IV. Loading
4.1 Dead Load
Design Carracteristics. Bridge Management System ( BMS ), Vol.1 Chapter 2.3.1
1. Specific Gravity of Precast Beam = 2.5 ton/m 3 ( PB )

2. Specific Gravity of Slab = 2.4 ton/m 3 ( S )

3. Specific Gravity of Asphalt = 2.2 t/m 3 ( asp )
4. Specific gravity of Diaphragm = 2.4 ton/m 3
a. Precast Beam
b. Slab
c. Asphalt
d. Diaphragm

q1 =
q1 =
q2 =
q2 =
q3 =
q3 =
p =
p =
no. diaph.

(diaph )

Area x PB
0.7523
Hslab x s x s

2.5

0.3200 x
2.05
tasp x s x asp

2.4

0.10
2.05
x
x
Volume of diaph. x diaph

2.2

1.85
7

x 1.65 x
pcs

0.15
2.4
x
q4 (q ek = p*n/span)

4.2 Live Load

Taken from "Bridge Management System (BMS)"
D load
a. Dynamic Load Allowance [DLA]

b. Knife Edge Load (KEL)

c. Distribution Factor (DF)
d. Distribution Load
q =
0.72 t/m2

which :

Vol.1, Chapter 2.3.2-Traffic Loads

DLA = 1 + 0,4
DLA = 1 + 0,525
DLA = 1 + 0,3

=
=
=
=
=

q = 0,8 t/m'
q = 0,8 x (0,5 + 15/span) t/m'

e. Live load
- Distribution load q' = DF x q x s
=
1.00
0.72 x
x
- Line load p' = DF x DLA x KEL x s
1.00
1.400 x
x

2.05
4.400 x

2.05

V. MOMENT ANALYSIS
[in ton-meter]
Mid
Sec 1-1
Sec 2-2
Sec 3-3
span
0.00
6.50
14.50
DL
Precast beam
321.84
0.00
186.43
306.80
Subtotal
321.84
0.00
186.43
306.80
Slab
269.42
0.00
156.06
256.82
ADL
Asphalt
77.18
0.00
44.71
73.57
Diaphragm
35.58
0.00
20.61
33.91
Subtotal
382.17
0.00
221.38
364.31
LL
Distribution load
254.10
0.00
147.19
242.22
Line load
116.81
0.00
67.66
111.35
Subtotal
370.91
0.00
214.85
353.57
Total (DL + LL)
1074.92
0.00
622.65
1024.67
Ultimate total
1675.32
0.00
970.44
1597.00
Ultimate total = 1,2*Beam+1,3*Slab+2*Asphalt+1,2*Diaphragm+2*LL
( Bridge Management System, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )
Note :
DL = Dead Load
Type

Description

ADL = Additional Dead Load

LL = Live Load

VI. SHEAR ANALYSIS

[in ton]

Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3

span
0.00
6.50
14.50
DL
Precast beam
0.00
34.79
22.57
7.52
Subtotal
0.00
34.79
22.57
7.52
Slab
0.00
29.13
18.89
6.30
ADL
Asphalt
0.00
8.34
5.41
1.80
Diaphragm
0.00
3.85
2.49
0.83
Subtotal
0.00
41.32
26.80
8.93
Distribution load
0.00
27.47
17.82
5.94
LL
Line load
6.31
12.63
10.41
7.68
Subtotal
6.31
40.10
28.23
13.62
Total (DL + LL)
6.31
116.21
77.60
30.07
Ultimate total
12.63
181.12
121.92
49.06
ultimate total = 1,2*Beam + 1,3*Slab + 2*Asphalt + 1,2*Diaphragm + 2*LL
( Bridge Management System, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )
Type

Description

Mid

VII. PRESTRESSING CABLE

7.1 Cable Profile
[in: cm]
tendon

Nos
strand

1
2
3
4
5

0
15
15
15
15
total
60
Parabolic curve :
Y=
Y=
A=
B=
C=

edge

profile
middle

0.00
170.00
140.00
60.00
30.00
100.00

0.00
20.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
12.50

Asp
cm2

fu
kg/cm2

Jacking Force
(kg)

0.987
0.987
0.987
0.987
0.987

19000
19000
19000
19000
19000

75%
75%
75%
75%
75%
75%

0.00
210992.63
210992.63
210992.63
210992.63
843970.50

AX2 +
BX + C
Average of Strand's position vertically from the bottom of beam ( Value for Y axis )
Constanta : ( (Ymiddle + Yedge)/(L/2)2)
Constanta : ( L x A )
Average of strand's position when the parabolic curve reach the Y axis

A = 0.002489
Y
=
0.002489 X2 + -0.093333
B = -0.093333
tg o =
0.00498 X
+
-0.093333
Eccentricity [e]
= Yb - Ys =
88.70
cm
Note :
Jacking Force = Nos x Asp x Fu x (Tension Persentation)
Nos = Number of Strand
Yb = Distance of Neutral Axis from the bottom of non composite beam ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume
Ys = Distance of tendon from the bottom of the beam at the middle span ( Chapter 7.1,Cable
7.2 Initial Jacking Force
Check for two condition
at initial for mid span
Top stress

top = Pi/Ac - Pi.e/Wa + Mbs/Wa

Pi

Bottom Stress

bot = Pi/Ac + Pi.e/Wb - Mbs/Wb

Pi
Result :

at service for mid span

Pi

<=

>=
<=
<=
<=
889.54

 top =

Top stress
Bottom Stress bot =

Pe/Acp - (Pe.e-Mbp)/Wap + Mbh/Wac

Pe
Pe/Acp + (Pe.e-Mbp)/Wbp - Mbh/Wbc
Pe
Result :
Pe
>=

<=
>=
>=
<=
564.44

Assumption :
Loss of Prestress assumption long term
From eq. [3] and eq. [6], gradually stressing is
not needed
12.7"
used prestressing cable
Pi =
843971 kg
=
Pe =
80.0%
843970.5
675244 kg
=
Note :
Pi = Initial Prestress Force
Wa = Modulus Section for Top section of Precast Beam
Mbs = Moment due to Self Weight
e = eccentricity
Wb = Modulus Section for Bottom section of Precast Beam
Pe = Effective Prestress force
Wac = Modulus Section for Top section of composite Beam
Mbp = Moment due to concrete Weight (Precast Beam + Slab + Diapraghm)(Chapt. V-Mome
Wbc = Modulus Section for Bottom section of composite Beam
Wap = Modulus Section for Top section of Precast Beam
Wbp = Modulus Section for Bottom section of Precast Beam
Mbp = Moment due to additional Load ( Asphalt + Live Load ) (Chapter 5-Moment Analysis
7.3 Losses of Prestress
1. Losses of Prestress (Short Term)
a. Friction
Friction cable and duck caused tensile at initial is not same tensile in ending section,
which the deferential of tensile can be calculated as follow :
-( * + k *x)
where :
Px = Po * e
. ( AASHTO 1992, Chap
Px = Prestress force at section distance x from tensile point.
Po = Jacking force ( tensile force at anchor, initial)
= friction coefficient
=0.20
(for grouting tendon in metal sheating, 7 w
= Change of cable angle from tensile point to x section
= 2 * arctg (
0.00498
x +
-0.093333 ) =
k = Wobble coefficient
0.003
(for grouting tendon in metal sheating, 7 w
x = Distance from tensile point to x section
37.80
If tensile of strand is taken
75%
from Ultimate Tensile Stress,
Po (Jacking Force)
=
75%
0.9871
19000
and value of tensile strand at end beam as follow :
Px
= 12092.14 kg

b. Anchor slip
Slip is occur after anchoring of pc strand is being held/restraint in the end of beam. Because
losses can not evenly distributed at the overall length of beam.
It can calculated by formula :
x = @sqrt(d*As*Es/m)
where: d = draw-in, assumption
=
As = eff. Section area
m = loss of prestress per length
So, x =
Tensile force at distance
P =Maximum tensile force =

m = (Po-P) / L
17.22 m
17.22 m as :
13167.12 kg

c. Elastic Shortening ( ES )
Losses due elastic shortening
ES =
(Kes*Es*fcir/Ec)*As
( ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6
where:
Kes =
0.50
(for postensioned)
As
fcir

= 0.9871 cm2
= concrete stress at centre gravity of prestressing force immediately after trans

fcir
ES

= (fbottom-ftop) * (H-ed)/H + ftop

= 514.22 kg

2. Losses of Prestress ( Long Term )

a. Shrinkage ( SH )
SH = 8,2*e-6*Ksh*ES*(1-0,06*V/S)*(100-RH)
Ksh =
0.68
(without moist curing)
V/S =
RH =
b. Creep

( CR )
CR

2.27
80.00

(ratio area/perimeter)

= Kcr*(Es/Ec)*(fcir-fcds)

206.85

Area = 7523.00

( ACI 318-95, Chapt.18.6

Where :

Kcr =
1.60
(for postensioned member)
fcir = stress at center point prestress force, initial condition
fcds = stress at center point prestress force, permanent dead load.

fcds = Msd (e) / Ig

Msd = Moment due to all superimposed permanent dead loads applied after prestre
Ig = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section at the cross section considered.
CR = 915.17 kg
c. Steel Relaxation ( RE )
RE = [ Kre - J*(SH+CR+ES) ] *C

( ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6

where :

Kre =
J =
C =

5000
0.04
0.66

RE =

188.79

(for 270 grade, low relaxation strand)

(for 270 grade, low relaxation strand)
(to refer fpi/fpu, fpi=stress after friction and anchor slip)
fpi =
13079 kg
fpi/fpu =

kg
GRAPHICS OF LOSS OF PRESTRESS STAGE

1. Due Friction
14066

2. Due Slip (chek effect of prestress losses at mid span, wheather of not)
14066
13167
12268
13255
13079
17.22

18.90

3. Due Elastic Shortening

14066
13167
12268
13255
11754

12741
18.90

13079
12653
12565

4. Long Term Losses

14066
13167
12268
13255
12741

13079
12653
12565

11754
11430

11254

10443

17.22
18.90
Stress force at X =

18.5
60
60
60

- Jacking Force =
- Initial
=
- Service
=

Total losses for long term

m
m

m (mid span) total :

14066.18
x
13079.16
x
11254.12
x
19.99 %

=
=
=

843970.5
784749.4
675247.3

7.4 Effective Stress Force

Effective Prestress = Initial prestress - losses stress
Resume Prestressed Force
Condition

[cm ]

[ton]

Cable
stress
[kg/cm2]

59.23
59.23

784.75
675.24

13250
11401

Asp
2

Tranfer
Service

% tensile

69.7%
60.0%

IIX. STRESS AND DEFFLECTION ANALYSIS

1
2
Beam Segment
Length (m)
6.50
8.00
Additional length at the end of the beam =

8.00
0.40

8.00

6.50

8.1 Stress at initial

Description

Moment DL
Pi
e (eccentricity)

x - [m]
[ton.m]
[ton]
[m]

Middle
Span

SEC 1-1
0.00

SEC 2-2
6.50

SEC 3-3
14.50

321.84
784.75
0.89

0.00
784.75
0.04

186.43
784.75
0.53

306.80
784.75
0.85

Pi.e
Moment Net.
Pi / A
M / Wa
M / Wb
Initial Stresses
[kg/cm2]

-414.78
-228.35
104.31
-60.02
55.82
44.30
160.13

-664.78
-357.99
104.31
-94.09
87.51
10.23
191.82

8.2 Stress at service

> Load of precast, slab, diaphragm and prestress by PC Beam
> Live load and asphalt by composite
Description
Middle
SEC 1-1 SEC 2-2
x - [m]
Span
0.00
6.50
Moment DL + ADL [t-m]
704.02
0.00
407.81
P
[t]
675.25
675.25
675.25
P.e
[t-m]
-598.91
-23.72
-356.90
[t-m]
Moment --- M1
105.11
-23.72
50.90
[t-m]
Moment --- M2
370.91
0.00
214.85
[kg/cm2]
P/A
89.76
89.76
89.76
2
[kg/cm
]
M 1 / Wa
27.62
-6.23
13.38
[kg/cm2]
M 1 / Wb
-25.69
5.80
-12.44
[kg/cm2]
M 2 / Wa'
28.73
0.00
16.64
2
[kg/cm ]
M 2 / Wb'
-66.82
0.00
-38.71
slab ( S )
Stress at Service
43.79
0.00
25.36
2
top
(

)
[kg/cm ]
146.11
83.52
119.78
T
bottom ( B ) -2.75
95.56
38.61

SEC 3-3
14.50
671.10
675.25
-572.02
99.08
353.57
89.76
26.04
-24.22
27.38
-63.70
41.74
143.18
1.84

-27.57
-27.57
104.31
-7.25
6.74
97.07
111.05

Moment DL = Moment due to dead load ( Chapter V - Moment Analysis )

Moment Bal = Moment due to uniform load in balance condition ( Chapter 7.4 - Effective Str
Moment Net = ( Moment DL + Moment Bal )
Pi = Initial Prestress ( at transfer condition - chapt. 7.4. Effective Stress Force )
P = Prestress at service condition.. ( Chapter 7.4 -effective Stress Force )
M = Moment Net.
A = Total Area of Precast Beam ( Chapter 3.1 - Precast Beam)
Wa = Modulus Section for Top section of Precast condition
Wb = Modulus Section for Bottom section of Precast condition
Wa' = Modulus Section for Top section of composit Condition. ( Chapter 3.3 - R
Wb' = Modulus section for bottom section of composite condition . ( Chapter 3.
Stress - strain diagram at center span :
1. STRESS - STRAIN DIAGRAM AT INITIAL

Pi/A =

104.31

kg/cm2

M/Wa =

-98.35

top =

kg/cm2

5.97

kg/cm2

+
-

Note :

-696.03
-374.19
104.31
[kg/cm2]
-98.35
[kg/cm2]
91.47
top ( T )
5.97
bottom ( B ) 195.78
[ton.m]
[ton.m]
[kg/cm2]

=
-

Pi/A =

104.31
kg/cm2

M/Wb =

91.47 kg/cm2

2. STRESS - STRAIN DIAGRAM AT SERVICE

bottom =

195.78 kg/cm2

Pi/A =

89.76
kg/cm2

M1/Wa =

27.62 kg/cm2

28.73kg/cm2

M2/Wa' =

=
+

Pi/A =

89.76
kg/cm2

M1/Wb =

-25.69kg/cm2

-66.82kg/cm2

M2/Wb' =

bottom =

8.3 Deflection
Note :

P=
e' =

l=
w=

e'

Ix =
Ex =

l/2

l/2
Reference :

PCI Design Handbook : Part 11.1.4 pag

w
Condition

(t/m)

(ton)

(t/m)

at initial
1.88
0.00
-3.91
at aDL (total)
2.23
0.00
at service (total)
5.60
12.63
-3.36
due to Live Load
1.48
12.63
deflection = (5q*L4/384EI) + (pL3/48EI)
No.
1

due load

prestress
wd

w ad

w LL

based : PCI handbook 4.6.5 Long-Time Ch

(1) release multiplier (2) erect. multiplier
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
-7.42 1.8 x (1)
-13.35 2.45 x (1)
3.57 1.85 x (1)
-3.85

6.43 2.7 x (1)

-6.92
1.99
-4.93

3 x (2)

IX. MOMENT CAPACITY.. PCI Design Handbook, Chapt. 4.2.1-Strength Design

First Analysis
There are two thickness flens which t-slab and t-flens of beam.
slab (t1) = 25.00 cm
bslab = 205.00 cm
tflens (t2) = 20.00 cm
bflens = 80.00 cm
2
Aps = 59.23 cm
fps = 0,85 * fu kg/cm2 =

17100

kg/cm2

So There is analyzed as T beam or square beam.

To analysis as T Beam :
C3
C2
C1
d
T
T
C1
C2
C3
a

=
=
=
=
=

Aps * fps
=
1012765
0.85*fc'beam*tweb*(a-tslab-tflens)
0.85*fc'beam*A*tflens
=
718416
0.85*fc'slab*bslab*tslab
=
1270972
((T-C2-C3)/(0.85*fc'*tweb))+tslab+tflens
=
-63.8
-- Check, if a < (tslab+tflens), so must analyse as T beam or square beam.
(tslab+tflens) =
45
cm
C1 = -976624 kg
d = (H+tslab-ed) =
222.50 cm
Mn = C1(d-(a-tslab-tflens)/2)+C2(d-tslab-tflens/2)+C3(d-tslab/2) =
Mn =
Analysed as T beam, for a < (tslab+tflens) or at flens of beam :
a = ((T-C3)/(0.85*fc'*A))+tslab
=
17.8
-- Check, if a < (tslab), so must analyse as square beam.
(tslab)
25
cm
C2 = 0.85*fc'beam*A*tflens
=
718416
Mn = C2(d-tslab-((a-tslab)/2))+C3(d-tslab/2)
=
4113.73
Mn = 3702.36
Analysed as square beam, for a < tslab :
a = Aps*fps/(0.85*fc'slab*bslab)
Mn = T*(d-a/2)
= 2152.52 ton.m
Mn = 1937.27 ton.m

19.9

Momen Ultimate Calculation(Mu)

Ultimate Moment = 1,2*Beam+1,3*Slab+2*Asphalt+1,2*Diaphragm+2*LL
( Bridge Design Manual, Vol.1-Page 2-6 )
Ratio (Mn / Mu), (>1) =

1.16

X. SHEAR ANALYSIS
10.1
Shear calculation by rebar
WEB SHEAR

=
bw =

Description

Mid

Sec 1-1

Sec 2-2

Sec 3-3

Vu = 1.3[Vdl+5/3Vll]
Mu = 1.3[Mdl+5/3Mll]
dp
> 0.80 h
[Vu*dp]/Mu >1
Vc min
Vc
Vc max
Vc taken
Vu/
Vs = Vu/ - Vc --- > 0

x - [m]
[ton]
[t-m]
[cm]

span
0.00
6.50
14.50
12.63
181.12
121.92
49.06
1675.32
0.00
970.44 1597.00
197.49
110.00
160.15
193.00
0.01 1.99E+101
0.20
0.06
[kg] 48114.86 26798.9 39017.0 47021.0
[kg] 302645.12 2.1E+108 3.2E+06 1.14E+06
[kg]
### 67250.1 97910.7 117996.1
[kg]
### 67250.1 97910.7 117996.1
[kg] 14856.47 213076.9 143431.9 57714.9
[kg]
0.000 145826.8 45521.2
0.0

STIRRUP , nos stirrup

2
2
2
2
Dia.
[mm]
13
13
13
13
fy
[kg/cm2] 3900
3900
3900
3900
2
Av
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
[cm ]
S
[mm] 2.0E+17 74.54639 347.6865 1.9E+17
Smax
[mm] 26493.47 19772.33
23857.6 26190.6
Smax
[mm] 609.60
609.60
609.60
609.60
Smax
[mm] 26493.47 988.26
988.26 26190.58
190738572266667000
S
[mm] 609.60
74.55
347.69
609.60
using S
[mm]
Reference (ACI) :
Vc min = 0.53*sqrt(f'c)*bw*dp .. (1)
S
=
Vc =
(0.16*sqrt(f'c)+49*vu*dp/Mu)*bw*dp ..(2) S min =
Vc max = 1.33*sqrt(f'c)*bw*dp .(3)
=
=
Note :
Formula (1),(2) and (3) are adapted from the ACI formula for Shear Design
Conversion Factor From Psi to Kg/cm2 is
0.0703
( 1 Psi = 0.0703 kg/cm2 )
ACI standard states :
Vc min = 2x(fc')^0.5 ( Psi )
Vc min = 2x(0.0703x fc')^0.5 .. ( kg/cm2 )
10.2

Shear Connector
Slab K- 350
Distance ctc beam (be) =
Thickness of slab =
Height of compression stress (a) =
Hu

= 1.0E+06 kg

Avf total of 1/2 span =

Average stirrup space =
Number of stirrup for 1/2 span =

XI. END BLOCK DESIGN

f'c =
291.76 kg/cm2
2.05
m
25.00 cm
19.92 cm
(see moment capacity section)

305.51
156.76
121

cm
mm
pcs.
2

( = 0.85*f'c*be*(minimum value between ts

( = Hu/(0.85*fy*) , with

Centre of gravity sheat at end beam =

a =
26.5
cm
b =
80
cm
Bursting steel calculation
Tensile assumption = 75%, P =
0.75
[Pi max] =
Fx =
Fy =
F prefer =
58.15

100.00

cm

15
0.9871
3/8 P (1 - a/b) =
3/8 P (1 - a/h) =
ton

As
=
58.15 / ( 0.87 x
Number of bursting steel needed

3900 )
8
D13

19000
52.91
58.15

17.14

XII. SEGMENT'S JOINT CONTROL

420
100

880
101.2
100
600

Check top point

=
Check bottom point =

25.00 cm
0.00 cm

Keterangan
x [m]
Vn = Vdl + Vll
tg
Vp = P tg
Vs = Vn - Vp
Joint's shear stress
V =Vs/(Concrete Area)

Ya =
Yb =

Middle
Span
[ton]
[ton]
[ton]

SEC 1-1
0.00

66.80 cm
41.20 cm
SEC 2-2
6.50

SEC 3-3
14.50

6.31
0.000
0.34
5.98

116.21
-0.093
62.52
53.69

77.60
-0.060
40.67
36.93

30.07
-0.020
13.78
16.29

2.49
0.00
0.00
-23.72
85.93
92.12

1.71
407.81
214.85
-356.90
98.68
82.46

0.75
671.10
353.57
-572.02
106.91
76.22

P.e

[t-m]

Top stress
Bottom stress
Top point
max
min
Bottom Point
max
min

[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]

0.28
704.02
370.91
-598.91
107.94
75.44

[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]

107.94
0.00

86.00
-0.07

98.71
-0.03

106.92
-0.01

[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]

75.44
0.00

92.18
-0.07

82.49
-0.04

76.23
-0.01

[kg/cm2]

M(dl+adl) resissted by precast

[t-m]

M(ll) resissted by composite [t-m]

Calculation :
Top stress = P/A + Mdl/Wa + Mll/Wa'

Bottom Stress =
P max =
P min =
Note :
P=
A=
Mdl =
Mll =
Wa =

P/A + Mdl/Wb + Mll/Wb'

Teg./2 + [ (teg./2)^2 + V^2 ]^(1/2)
Teg./2 - [ (teg./2)^2 + V^2 ]^(1/2)
effective Prestress Force
Area of Precast beam
Moment due to dead load
Moment due to live load
Section Modulus for top section

Wb =
teg. =
V=
Vn =
Vp =
s=

Section Modulus for bottom sec

Stress due to moment
Stress due to shear force
Shear force due to dead load a
Shear force due to Prestress fo
Stresses due to shear force and

XIII. SHEAR KEY DESIGN

A'B

Ae

h'

h
AB

A'e

Av

Av'
H

Calculation of Shear Key Reinforcement

Description
x [m]
S ( DL + LL )
H
a
h
h'
fy
sa
Steel of reinforcement 2D - 13
Area

(ton)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(kg/cm2)

Sec 2-2
6.50
77.60
100
50
1080
520
3900

Sec 3-3
14.50
30.07
100
50
1080
520
3900

(kg/cm2)

1950

1950

( mm2 )

265.46

265.46

( mm2 )

230.28
0.87
2

89.25
0.34
2

( mm2 )

57.57
0.22
2
1989.66
7.49
8

22.31
0.08
2
771.15
2.90
3

478.28
1.80

185.37
0.70

Male Section
Ae
Number of stell Needed
Number of steel Used
AB
Number of stell Needed
Number of steel Used
Av
Number of stell Needed
Number of steel Used
Female section
A'e
Number of stell Needed

( mm2 )

( mm2 )

Number of steel Used

A'B
Number of stell Needed
Number of steel Used
Av'
Number of stell Needed
Number of steel Used

( mm )
2

( mm2 )

119.57
0.45
2
1989.66
7.49
8

46.34
0.17
2
771.15
2.90
3

Formula for Shear Key Design according to Japan Road Association :

Ae =
AB =
Av =

Sxa
0.8 x h x sa
Ae
4
S
2 x sa

Sxa
0.8 x h' x sa
A'e
4

A'e =
AB =
Av' =

Av

Ae, A'e = Area of reinforcement

AB, A'B = Area of stirrup reinforcement

S = Total Vertical Load

sa = Allowable stress for reinforcem

Av, A'v = Area of stirrup reinforcement

a= H/2

XIV. LIFTING CONTROL

Lifting at stock yard :

fc at lifting =

50%

= 264.1236 [kg/cm2]

fc'

frupture = 0.8 sqrt(fc at lifting) =

Lifting at instalation :

Beam Segment
Length (m)
a
b
Precast beam weight
Segment beam weight
Dynamic load factor
Force at lifitng point
Safety Factor
No. legs for lifting point
MDL middle
Wx
botom
fr' conc.at stock yard
fr' conc.at instalation
Stress control

13.0015 [kg/cm2]

fc at install =
80% fc'
= 422.5978 [kg/cm2]
frupture = 0.8 sqrt(fc at instal) = 16.44575
1

2
3
4
5
6.90
8.00
8.00
8.00
6.90
1.43
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.43
4.04
4.69
4.69
4.69
4.04
1.8808
1.8808
1.8808
1.8808
1.8808
13.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
13.0
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
9.1
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2.70E+05 3.62E+05 3.62E+05 3.62E+05 2.70E+05
4.09E+05 4.09E+05 4.09E+05 4.09E+05 4.09E+05
0.66
13.00
16.45
OK
a

0.89
13.00
16.45
OK

0.89
13.00
16.45
OK
b

0.89
13.00
16.45
OK

0.66
13.00
16.45
OK
a

Lifitng beam design

Strand lifting beam =
Ast =
UTS =
Allowed tension =
Tension strength =

12,7
0.987
19000
75%
14.06

mm
cm2
kg/cm2

UTS
ton for 1 leg of strand

Beam Weight =
Dynamic Load Factor =
Force at lifitng point =
No legs for lifting point =

BEAM FOR BRIDGE

0.4
( edge anchor to edge anchor :

37.5

nclude RC Flat)

A
tfl-1
tfl-2
tweb

H
A

Slab

350
291.8
233.4

[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]

-Design)
128.4
12.2

[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]

.2-Design)
116.7
27.2
257922.1
33.8

[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]

m)

Ya'
1
Yb'

COMPOSITE BEAM
Io
cm4

Area*d2
cm4

Ix
cm4

1829
4967932 4969761
14647
9446356 9461002
6336
4234099 4240435
3495253 419755 3915008
52566
4901964 4954530
91146 13766920 13858066
3661777 37737026 41398803

Io
cm4

Area*d2
cm4

Ix
cm4

198374 24701832 24900206

0
0
0
41398803 12506190 53904993
41597177 37208022 78805199

Wa (cm3)

Wb (cm3)

380486
847072
1291201

409099
555093

S ), Vol.1 Chapter 2.3.1

1.8808

[t/m']

1.5744

[t/m']

0.4510

[t/m']

1.0989
0.2079

[ton]
[t/m']

1, Chapter 2.3.2-Traffic Loads

1.40
1.53
1.30
4.40
1.00
for

Span <= 50 m
50 < Span < 90 m
Span >= 90 m
ton/m'

Span <= 30 m
Span > 30 m

1.48

ton/m'

12.63

ton

Sec 4-4
22.50
306.80
306.80
256.82
73.57
33.91
364.31
242.22
111.35
353.57
1024.67
1597.00

Sec 5-5
30.50
186.43
186.43
156.06
44.71
20.61
221.38
147.19
67.66
214.85
622.65
970.44

Sec 6-6
18.50 (m)
321.84
321.84
269.42
77.18
35.58
382.17
254.10
116.81
370.91
1074.92
1675.32

Sec 4-4
22.50
-7.52
-7.52
-6.30
-1.80
-0.83
-8.93
-5.94
-7.68
-13.62
-30.07
-49.06

Sec 5-5
30.50
-22.57
-22.57
-18.89
-5.41
-2.49
-26.80
-17.82
-10.41
-28.23
-77.60
-121.92

Sec 6-6
18.50 (m)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-6.31
-6.31
-6.31
-12.63

Jacking Force
(kg)

0.00
210992.63
210992.63
210992.63
210992.63
843970.50

alue for Y axis )

X +

site beam ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume )

middle span ( Chapter 7.1,Cable Profile-middle)

-16.45 kg/cm2
1008.48 ton
232.43
889.54
ton

kg/cm2
ton
[3]

-16.45
[1]
[2]

211.30
63.34
-36.54
564.44
ton

kg/cm2
ton
kg/cm2
ton
[6]

[4]
( -36.54
[5]

19.992% (must be = 19.992%

+ Diapraghm)(Chapt. V-Moment Analysis)

(Chapter 5-Moment Analysis)

e tensile in ending section,

. ( AASHTO 1992, Chapt. 9.16.1 )

ng tendon in metal sheating, 7 wire strand)

0.189 rad
ng tendon in metal sheating, 7 wire strand)
m

from Ultimate Tensile Stress,

14066.18
=

kg

raint in the end of beam. Because of this friction,

mm

0.9871

cm2

0.52

kg/cm'

318-95, Chapt. 18.6 )

sing force immediately after transfer

=

184.48

kg/cm2

kg .. (ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6)

cm2

perimeter= 3312.90 cm

5, Chapt.18.6 )

anent dead load.

fcds = 81.88 kg/cm2

t dead loads applied after prestressing
at the cross section considered.

( ACI 318-95, Chapt. 18.6 )

friction and anchor slip)

0.69

RESS STAGE

12092

12092

12092

11578

12092

11578

10267

kg
kg
kg

(
(
(

75.00% )
69.74% )
60.01% )

0.00

0.00

0.00
37.80

SEC 4-4
22.50

SEC 5-5
30.50

SEC 6-6
18.50

306.80
784.75
0.85

186.43
784.75
0.53

321.84
784.75
0.89

-664.78
-357.99
104.31
-94.09
87.51
10.23
191.82

-414.78
-228.35
104.31
-60.02
55.82
44.30
160.13

-696.03
-374.19
104.31
-98.35
91.47
5.97
195.78

( = M1 )
( = M2 )
SEC 4-4 SEC 5-5
22.50
30.50
671.10
407.81
675.25
675.25
-572.02
-356.90
99.08
50.90
353.57
214.85
89.76
89.76
26.04
13.38
-24.22
-12.44
27.38
16.64
-63.70
-38.71
41.74
25.36
143.18
119.78
1.84
38.61

SEC 6-6
18.50
704.02
675.25
-598.91
105.11
370.91
89.76
27.62
-25.69
28.73
-66.82
43.79
146.11
-2.75

ment Analysis )
dition ( Chapter 7.4 - Effective Stress Force )

pt. 7.4. Effective Stress Force )

7.4 -effective Stress Force )

Precast Beam)

ast condition
it Condition. ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume )
osite condition . ( Chapter 3.3 - Resume )

kg/cm2

kg/cm2

Allow.
stress

-16.4
232.4

Allow.
stress

116.7
211.3
-36.5

 slab =

43.79

kg/cm2

146.11 kg/cm2

top =

+
bottom =

-2.75kg/cm2

Prestress force
Distance between c.g of strand at end and
c.g of strand at lowest point.
length of anchor to anchor
Equivalent loading for prestress force
Inertia of beam
Modulus of Elasticity
8 . P . e'

w=

l2

PCI Design Handbook : Part 11.1.4 page no. 11-12

CI handbook 4.6.5 Long-Time Chamber Deflection

(3) final descibtion Allowable
(cm)
L/800 (cm)
-18.17 ( - ) up
9.93 (+ ) down
-8.25
5.98
-2.27
4.63

1.81
-0.46

must <=

= 0.9

200

cm

kg

kg
kg
cm
se as T beam or square beam.

1312.03 ton.m
1180.83 ton.m

cm
square beam.
kg
ton.m
ton.m

cm

1675.32 ton.m

0.85
20
Sec 4-4

Sec 5-5

Sec 6-6

22.50
49.06
1597.00
194.00

30.50
121.92
970.44
163.14

5.96E-02

2.05E-01

47263.5

39744.7

1.1E+06

3.29E+06

118604.7 99736.7
118604.7 99736.7
57714.9 143431.9
0.0 43695.2

18.50
12.63
1675.32
197.48
0.01
48112.4
302615.3
120735.0
120735.0
14856.5
0.0

2
2
2
13
13
13
3900
3900
3900
2.53
2.53
2.53
1.9E+17 368.9706 2.0E+017
26258.0 24079.02 26492.80
609.60
609.60
609.60
26258.04 988.26 26492.80
609.60

368.97

609.60

10*Av*fy*dp/Vs
10*Av*80*fy*dp/(Aps*fps*sqrt(dp/bw)
d/2 atau 24 in (=60.96 cm)
10*Av*fy/(50*bw) if only Vu/ > Vc/2

ment capacity section)

c*be*(minimum value between tslab or a))

85*fy*) , with =1)

210992.6 kg

ton
ton

cm2

Ya'[c]
Ya
Y'b[c]
Yb

Ya' =
Yb' =
SEC 4-4
22.50

142.0

26.03 cm
81.97 cm
SEC 5-5
30.50

SEC 6-6
18.50

30.07
0.019
13.11
16.97

77.60
0.059
40.00
37.60

6.31
0.000
0.34
5.98

0.79
671.10
353.57
-572.02
106.91
76.22

1.74
407.81
214.85
-356.90
98.68
82.46

0.28
704.02
370.91
-598.91
107.94
75.44

Allow.
stress

106.92
-0.01

98.71
-0.03

107.94
0.00

211.3
-36.5

76.23
-0.01

82.49
-0.04

75.44
0.00

211.3
-36.5

Section Modulus for bottom section

Stress due to moment
Stress due to shear force
Shear force due to dead load and live load
Shear force due to Prestress force
Stresses due to shear force and moment

Sec 4-4
22.50
-30.07
100
50
1080
520
3900

Sec 5-5
30.50
-77.60
100
50
1080
520
3900

1950

1950

265.46

265.46

-89.25
0.34
2

-230.28
0.87
2

-22.31
0.08
2
-771.15
2.90
3

-57.57
0.22
2
-1989.66
7.49
8

-185.37
0.70

-478.28
1.80

-46.34
0.17
2
-771.15
2.90
3

-119.57
0.45
2
-1989.66
7.49
8

Total Vertical Load

Allowable stress for reinforcement

Unit
m
m
t/m
ton
ton
leg
kg.cm
cm3
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
kg/cm2

Lifting Point

Beam Weight =
Dynamic Load Factor =
Force at lifitng point =
SF =
No legs for lifting point =

78.158 ton
1.4
54.7106 ton
2
16
legs