Answer the questions by choosing the best answer.

In the beginning there lived one man and one woman, Toglai and Toglibon. Their first
children were a boy and a girl. When they were old enough, the boy and the girl
went far away across the waters seeking a good place to live. Nothing more was
heard of them until their children, the Spaniards and Americans, came back. After
the first boy and girl left, other children were born to the couple; but they all
remained at Cibolan on Mount Apo with their parents, until Toglai and Toglibon died
and became spirits. Soon after that there came a great drought
which lasted for three years. All the waters dried up, so that there were no rivers,
and no plants could live.
Surely, said the people, Manama is punishing us, and we must go elsewhere to
find food and a place to dwell in.
So they started out. Two went in the direction of the sunset, carrying with them
stones from Cibolan River. After a long journey they reached a place where there
were broad fields of cogon grass and an abundance of water, and there they made
their home. Their children still live in that place called Magindanau, because of the
stones which the couple carried when they left Cibolan.
Two children of Toglai and Toglibon went to the south, seeking a home, and they
carried with them womens baskets (baraan). When they found a good spot, they
settled down. Their descendants, still dwelling there, are called Baraan or Bilaan,
because of the womens baskets.
So two by two the children of the first couple left the land of their birth. In the place
where each settled a new people developed, and thus it came about that all the
tribes in the world received their names from things that the people carried out of
Cibolan, or from the places where they settled.
All the children left Mount Apo except two (a boy and a girl). Hunger and thirst had
made them too weak to travel. One day when they were about to die the boy
crawled out to the field
to see if there was one living thing, and to his surprise he found a stalk of sugarcane
growing lustily. He eagerly cut it, and enough water came out to refresh him and his
sister until the rains
came. Because of this, their children are called Bagobo.
Taken from http://www.pitt.edu
1. How many children did Toglai and Toglibon have?
a. Two.
b. Four.
c. Six.
d. Ten.

e. It is not stated in the text.

2. Who are descended from the Spaniards and Americans?
a. Toglai and Toglibons first children.
b. The children who were born after the first children left.
c. The children who were called Magindanau.
d. The children who remained at Cibolan.
3. Why did the children of Toglai and Toglibon leave Cibolan?
a. Because the Spaniards came to the Philippines.
b. Because there came a great drought which lasted for three years.
c. Because the region where they lived was inundated with water.
d. Because their parents passed away.
4. "Surely," said the people," Manama is punishing us, and we must go
elsewhere to find food and a place to dwell."
What does Manama probably mean?
a. Father.
b. Mother.
c. God.
d. Spirit.
5. Why didnt the last two children leave Mount Apo?
a. They were too weak to travel.
b. They loved their land very much.
c. They waited for rain fall.
d. They found a stalk of sugarcane
Greenhouse Effect
When fossil fuels, or other fuels, such as wood or peat, which contain carbon are
burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. Vehicles also give out, and
so add, carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
The Earths atmosphere allows most of the Suns rays to pass through it to heat the
Earths surface. The Earth reflects much of the heat energy back into the
atmosphere, but much of this reflected radiation cannot escape because gases such
as carbon dioxide absorb it. They grow warm and send heat radiation back to Earth.
This is the greenhouse effect. Many scientists think that the greenhouse effect may
change the climate, over the next 100 years or so. One consequence of soalled
"global warming" resulting from the greenhouse effect could be melting of the polar
ice - caps. This in turn, could lead to a rise in sea level which could flood large areas
of highly populated coastal land.
If carbon dioxide proves to be as harmful as thought. In order to reduce carbon
dioxide levels we need to reduce the amounts of carbon-rich fuels burned.
Taken from Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia, 1997
6. What is emitted out when fuels which contain carbon are burned?
a. Carbon dioxide.
b. Wood.
c. Peat.
d. Radiation.

7. What effect does carbon dioxide have on the atmosphere?

a. It makes the atmosphere darker to long-wave radiation.
b. It makes the atmosphere allow most of the Suns rays to pass through.
c. It makes the atmosphere allow most of the Suns rays to pass through it to
heat the Earths surface.
d. It makes the atmosphere become warmer.
8. What causes the Earth to become warmer?
a. The Suns rays reflected by the Earth into the atmosphere.
b. The heat radiation sent back to Earth by gases that grow warm.
c. Reflected radiation that escapes into the atmosphere.
d. The burning of wood or peat.
9. What will happen if the sea level rises?
a. The polar ice will melt and make the sea get cooler.
b. Some large areas of coastal land will be inundated.
c. Some large areas of coastal land will be dried up.
d. The surface of the Earth will be flooded with water.
The Functions of Indonesian Today
Indonesians are awesomely bilingual; indeed many people have a good command of
three of four languages. In infancy most people learn at least one of the countrys
many local languages and later learn Indonesian at school or in the streets of cities
or from television and radio. It is not clear how many people learn Indonesian in
infancy as their very first language, but at the dawn of the 21st. century it cannot
be less than 20% of the countrys population, and this percentage is steadily rising.
Indonesian tends to be most used in the modern environment of major urban areas.
The local languages tend to dominate in rural areas and small towns, and are most
used in homes, fields and markets.
Indonesian is the medium of instruction in educational institutions at all levels
throughout the country. In the early years of the Republic, local languages
continued to be used in some places as the medium of instruction in the first years
of primary school but this practice has now almost entirely disappeared. In schools
and universities most textbooks are in Indonesian, but at the tertiary level,
especially in highly specialised courses and at the advanced level of study,
textbooks in English are also widely used.
Although there are several newspapers in English and Chinese, their circulation is
relatively small and Indonesian is by far the dominant language in the countrys
print media. Indonesias domestic Palapa satellite system brings television to almost
every corner of the country. With the exception of some newscasts in English and a
small number of cultural programs in regional languages, domestic programs are
entirely in Indonesian, and almost all programs of foreign origin are dubbed into
Indonesian or have Indonesian-language sub-titles. Similarly Indonesian dominates
in the very diverse and vibrant domain of radio broadcasting, although there are a
small number of specialist programs in English and in some local languages.
Adapted from: http://www.hawaii.edu
10.Where do most Indonesian children learn local languages and Indonesian?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

at school or from the mass media

from the other countries
from their parents
at the laboratory
at the library

11.What language is used at tertiary level?

a. Indonesian
b. English
c. Local languages
d. Local languages and Indonesian
e. Indonesia and English
12. Although there are several newspapers in English and Chinese, their
circulation is relatively small and Indonesian is by far the dominant language
in the countrys print media. What is the synonym of the word dominant?
a. main
b. important
c. significant
d. overwhelming
e. awesome
13.Which is the false statement about the dominance of Indonesian language
over mass media?
a. Indonesian newspapers dominate the English and Chinese ones.
b. Indonesian newscast and program dominate the English and Chinese
ones.
c. Almost all programs of foreign origin are dubbed into Indonesian.
d. Almost all programs of foreign origin have Indonesian-language sub-titles.
e. All newspaper are printed in Indonesian language.