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Session 8

Drawing standard

PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
- European country
- ISO standard

First Quadrant

2. Third angle system


- Canada, USA,
Japan, Thailand

Third
Quadrant

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1st angle system

3rd angle system

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
3rd angle system

1st angle system


Folding
line

Folding
line
Folding
line

Folding
line

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system
Right Side View

Front View

Top View

3rd angle system


Top View

Front View Right Side View

PROJECTION SYMBOLS
First angle system

Third angle system

PROJECTION SYMBOLS
Suggested proportion

1.7d

2.2d

Basic Dimensioning

ENGINEERING DESIGN
PROCESS

RESULT

Design
a part

Sketches
of ideas

Create
drawings

Multiview
Drawing
Dimensioning

Manufacture

TRANSFERRED
INFORMATION

Shape
1. Size, Location
2. Non-graphic information

DEFINITION
Dimensioning is the process of specifying part s
information by using of figures, symbols and notes.
This information are such as:
1. Sizes and locations of features
2. Materials type
3. Number required
4. Kind of surface finish
5. Manufacturing process
6. Size and geometric tolerances

This course

COMPONENTS
1. Extension lines

10

27

2. Dimension lines

10 Drill, 2 Holes
R16

17

3. Leader lines
4. Dimension numbers
5. Local notes

43

DIMENSIONING SYSTEM
1. Metric system : ISO and JIS standards
Examples 32, 32.5, 32.55, 0.5 (not .5) etc.

2. Decimal-inch system
Examples 0.25 (not .25), 5.375 etc.

3. Fractional-inch system
3
1
,
Examples
5
4
8

etc.

This
course

Dimensioning
Components

DIMENSIONING COMPONENTS
Extension lines
Dimension lines
(with arrowheads)

Drawn with
HB pencil(0.5mm)

Leader lines
Dimension figures
Notes :
- local note
- general note

Lettered with
HB pencil(0.5mm)

EXTENSION LINES
indicate the location on the objects features that
are dimensioned.

DIMENSION LINES
indicate the direction and extent of a dimension, and
inscribe dimension figures.
27

123

13

10

43

LEADER LINES
indicate details of the feature with a local note.

10

27

10 Drill, 2 Holes

123

13

R16

43

Recommended
Practices

EXTENSION LINES
Leave a visible gap ( 1 mm) from a view and
start drawing an extension line.
Extend the lines beyond the (last) dimension line
1-2 mm.
COMMON MISTAKE
Visible gap

EXTENSION LINES
Do not break the lines as they cross object lines.

COMMON MISTAKE
Continuous

DIMENSION LINES
Dimension lines should not be spaced too close
to each other and to the view.

34

11

35

16

Leave a space at least


2 times of a letter height.

Leave a space at least


1 time of a letter height.

DIMENSION FIGURES
The height of figures is suggested to be 2.5~3 mm.
Place the numbers at about 1 mm above dimension
line and between extension lines.

11
34

11

34

COMMON MISTAKE

DIMENSION FIGURES
When there is not enough space for figure or
arrows, put it outside either of the extension lines.

Not enough space


for figures
16.25

16.25

Not enough space


for arrows
1

or

DIMENSION FIGURES : UNITS


The JIS and ISO standards adopt the unit of
Length dimension in millimeters without
specifying a unit symbol mm.
Angular dimension in degree with a symbol o
place behind the figures (and if necessary
minutes and seconds may be used together).

DIMENSION FIGURES : ORIENTATION


1. Aligned method
The dimension figures are placed so that they
are readable from the bottom and right side of
the drawing.
2. Unidirectional method
The dimension figures are placed so that they
can be read from the bottom of the drawing.
Do not use both system on the same drawing or
on the same series of drawing (JIS Z8317)

EXAMPLE : Dimension of length using aligned method.


30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

EXAMPLE : Dimension of length using unidirectional method.


30
30

30

30

30

30

30
30

EXAMPLE : Dimension of angle using aligned method.


45o
45
o
o

45

45
o

45o

45o

45

45o

EXAMPLE : Dimension of angle using unidirectional method.


45o
45o

45o

45o

45o

45o

45o
45o

Dimensioning
Practices

THE BASIC CONCEPT


Dimensioning is accomplished by adding size and
location information necessary to manufacture
the object.
This information have to be
Clear
Complete
Facilitate the
- manufacturing method
- measurement method

EXAMPLE

Designed
part

To manufacture this part


we need to know

2. Diameter and depth


of the hole.
3. Location of the holes.

1. Width, depth and


thickness of the part.

S denotes size dimension.


L denotes location dimension.

ANGLE
To dimension an angle use circular dimension
line having the center at the vertex of the angle.
COMMON MISTAKE

Placement of
Dimensions

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
1. Extension lines, leader lines should not cross
dimension lines.
POOR

GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
2. Extension lines should be drawn from the nearest
points to be dimensioned.
POOR

GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
3. Do not use object line, center line, and dimension
line as an extension lines.
POOR
GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
4. Avoid dimensioning hidden lines.
POOR

GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
5. Place dimensions outside the view, unless
placing them inside improve the clarity.
POOR

GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
6. Apply the dimension to the view that clearly show
the shape or features of an object.
POOR

GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
7. Dimension lines should be lined up and grouped
together as much as possible.
POOR

GOOD

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
8. Do not repeat a dimension.
POOR

GOOD

Activity 1
Draw the following object:
1- as it is (oblique).
2- as isometric.
3- Then draw the three views of it (1st angle).
4- Then draw the three views of it (3rd angle)

1st angle

3rd angle

Activity 2
Draw the following object:
1- as it is (oblique).
2- as isometric.
3- Then draw the three views of it (1st angle).
4- Then draw the three views of it (3rd angle)

1st angle

3rd angle

Exercise 1
Draw the following object:
1- as it is (oblique).
2- as isometric.
3- Then draw the three views of it (1st angle).
4- Then draw the three views of it (3rd angle)

Exercise 2
Draw the following object:
1- as it is (oblique).
2- as isometric.
3- Then draw the three views of it (1st angle).
4- Then draw the three views of it (3rd angle)

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