PROCEEDINGS OF JOINT CONVENTION JAKARTA 2003

The 32nd IAGI and The 28th HAGI Annual Convention and Exhibition

DETERMINE RECHARGE AND DISCHARGE AREA

BASED ON HYDROTHERMICAL DATA:
A NEW METHOD PROPOSED IN INDONESIA
Rachmat Fajar Lubis1, & Robert Delinom2
1

Dept. of Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi dan Sains Bandung

2
RD Centre for Geotechnology - LIPI

ABSTRACT
Heat can be transported from point to point in a porous medium by way of three processes: conduction,
convection and radiation. A linear law relating the heat flux to the temperature gradient may describe
conductive transport. Convective heat transport is the movement of heat by a moving groundwater.
Radiation, better known as thermal electromagnetic radiation, is the radiation emitted because of the
temperature of a body. Because of this convective alteration, the groundwater geothermal gradient will
increase with increasing depth in the recharge area and decrease with depth in the discharge area.
The case study has been taken in several deep well pumps in South Bandung Basin up to North Citarum
River. The results are shown a contrast discharge this method is cost effective and very good for
preliminary study. However, to get complete information, a detailed field observation and a core
description from drilling data is needed, in order to get a better understanding and accuracy.

INTRODUCTION

METHOD

In The present day, determining recharge and

discharge area for groundwater system became
very important. The alternate aspects to determine
is by study the physical properties hydrodynamic
of groundwater such as temperature. For the most
part, the interesting observed is in nonisothermal
flow, simply because temperature effects can
affect the geothermal gradient base on
hydrodynamic flow.

Convective heat transport is the movement of heat

by a moving groundwater. Radiation, better
known as thermal electromagnetic radiation, is the
radiation emitted because of the temperature of a
body. The greatest alteration occurs where the
streamlines of flow are normal or nearly so to the
conductive isotherms, that is, the recharge and
discharge areas, and the least alteration take place
in the regional flow. Because of this convective
alteration, the groundwater geothermal gradient
will increase with increasing depth in the recharge
area and decrease with depth in the discharge
area, the latter associated with a greater amount of
heat flow at the surface. Domenico and
Palciauskas (1973) presented based on the
following assumption:
1. The fluid properties are not affected by
temperature and the medium is isotropic and
homogenous with respect to both fluid flow
and heat conduction.
2. The two-dimensional flow problem is a
described as the water table is unspecified but
the lower and lateral boundaries are of the
no-flow variety
3. The temperature problem is described for the
two-dimensional region where the lateral

Heat can be transported from point to point in a

porous medium by way of three processes:
conduction, convection and radiation. A linear law
relating the heat flux to the temperature gradient
may describe conductive transport. Convective
heat transport is the movement of heat by a
moving groundwater. Radiation, better known as
thermal electromagnetic radiation, is the radiation
emitted because of the temperature of a body.
This paper are showing how importance the
interdisciplinary
aspect.
Especially
in
hydrodynamics relation between river and
groundwater. To get a better understanding about
the relationship, some case study has been done.

PROCEEDINGS OF JOINT CONVENTION JAKARTA 2003

The 32nd IAGI and The 28th HAGI Annual Convention and Exhibition

boundaries are nonconductive (T/x = 0).

The upper boundary is taken at some
constant temperature T, and the lower
boundary is described in terms of a constant
temperature gradient.
To get a better understanding about this method,
some case study has been done.
CASE STUDY
The case study took place in Bandung Basin.
Bandung Basin located in West Java Province
with elevation range + 640 - 3000 msl, which lies
on the Bandung City, West Java-Indonesia.
Geographycally situated in 60254 70396 S
and 1060585 10705342 E. (Figure 1.)
Geologically the basin was a lake that dried ca.
16-20 ka (Dam, et al. 1996). The rim of the basin
is located in volcanic region and covered by
mainly Quaternary volcanic sediments. Normal
faults tear east-west both in northern and southern
border (Silitonga, 1972; Koesoemadinata R.P &
Hartono D, 1981; Alzwar et.al, 1992).
Hydrogeologically divided to three regional main
aquifer (Delinom, Tang & Sakura, 2003) and 58
obsevation wells exist. Profile thermal
measurement is using digital thermister
thermometer/2m. Depth
RESULT
Base on the result of 19 monitoring wells
measurement (Delinom, Tang & Sakura, 2003), it
can state that (Figure 2.):

In regionally Bandung Basin, cross section

West - East (AA, BB and CC) shows that
groundwater flows regionally to east.

In northern part, there is groundwater divide

that seperate regional flow affected by
Lembang Fault as a zero flow boundary.
(Figure 3). In Bandung Basin groundwater
flow from North to south.

In southern part of Bandung Basin, cross

section South West - North East (DD)
shows that groundwater flows from south to
east.
The present study reveals an intricate groundwater
flow pattern, considerable amount of natural
groundwater flow shows that there is three
recharge area district found (Figure 4)

CONCLUSION
Identification of groundwater flows to determine
recharge and discharge using thermal convection
and groundwater gradient geothermal are
satisfied. In addition, the results indicate that there
is four recharge area district found. This study
may also contribute, in how to manage
groundwater basin the approach in this study can
be used as a groundwater basin management
model. Actually, this research method is first time
applied in Indonesia.
REFERENCES
1. Alzwar, N., Akbar, N., Bahri, S., 1992,
Geologic Quadrangle Map, Java, 1:100.000
Quadrangle Garut and Pameungpeuk, P3G,
Bandung.
2. Koesoemadinata R.P & Hartono D (1981).
Stratigrafi dan Sedimentasi Daerah
Bandung, IAGI Proceeding Bandung, 23 p.
3. Dam, M.A.C., Suparan, P., Nossin, J.J.,
Voskuil, R.P.G.A. & GTL Group, 1996, A
Chronology
for
Geomorphological
Developments in the Greater Bandung area,
West-Java, Indonesia, Journal of SE Asian
Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, Nos 1 / 2, pp. 101115.
4. Delinom R. Tang C.H & Sakura Y, 2003. The
Bandung Basin Groundwater Flow System
and Its Future Estimating Condition. IUGG
XXIII Proc. Saporo Japan June 30 July 11
2003. 5p
5. Domenico P. A & Schwartz, 1990. Physical &
Chemical Hydrogeology. John Wiley & Sons.
United State of America. P. 517-357.
6. Silitonga, P.H., 1973, Geologic Quadrangle
Map, Java, 1:100.000, Quadrangle Bandung,
P3G, Bandung.

PROCEEDINGS OF JOINT CONVENTION JAKARTA 2003

The 32nd IAGI and The 28th HAGI Annual Convention and Exhibition

Figure 1. Bandung Basin Located in West Java, Indonesia with study area cross section.

PROCEEDINGS OF JOINT CONVENTION JAKARTA 2003

The 32nd IAGI and The 28th HAGI Annual Convention and Exhibition

Figure 2. Result of hydrotermical measurement in study area cross section

(Delinom, Tang & Sakura, 2003)

PROCEEDINGS OF JOINT CONVENTION JAKARTA 2003

The 32nd IAGI and The 28th HAGI Annual Convention and Exhibition

Figure 3. Groundwater divide that seperate regional flow affected by Lembang Fault.

Figure 4. Groundwater recharge and discharge area district in Bandung Basin base on groundwater
gradien thermal flow pattern.