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Kadambadynasty
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Kadamba(345525CE)wasanancientroyaldynastyof
Karnataka,IndiathatrulednorthernKarnatakaandtheKonkan
fromBanavasiinpresentdayUttaraKannadadistrict.Atthe
peakoftheirpowerunderKingKakushtavarma,theKadambas
ofBanavasiruledlargepartsofmodernKarnatakastate.

KadambasofBanavasi

Empire
(SubordinatetoPallavauntil345)

ThedynastywasfoundedbyMayurasharmain345CEwhichat
latertimesshowedthepotentialofdevelopingintoimperial
proportions,anindicationtowhichisprovidedbythetitlesand
epithetsassumedbyitsrulers.KingMayurasharmadefeatedthe
armiesofPallavasofKanchipossiblywithhelpofsomenative
tribes.TheKadambafamereacheditspeakduringtheruleof
Kakusthavarma,anotablerulerwithwhomeventhekingsof
GuptaDynastyofnorthernIndiacultivatedmaritalalliances.
Tiringoftheendlessbattlesandbloodshed,oneofthelater
descendants,KingShivakotiadoptedJainism.TheKadambas
werecontemporariesoftheWesternGangaDynastyand
togethertheyformedtheearliestnativekingdomstorulethe
landwithabsoluteautonomy.Thedynastylatercontinuedto
ruleasafeudatoryoflargerKannadaempires,theChalukyaand
theRashtrakutaempires,foroverfivehundredyearsduring
whichtimetheybranchedintominordynastiesknownasthe
KadambasofGoa,KadambasofHalasiandKadambasof
Hangal.
DuringthepreKadambaeratherulingfamiliesthatcontrolled
theKarnatakaregion,theMauryas,andtheSatavahanaswere
notnativesoftheregionandthenucleusofpowerresided
outsidepresentdayKarnataka.TheKadambaswerethefirst
indigenousdynastytouseKannada,thelanguageofthesoil,at
anadministrativelevel.InthehistoryofKarnataka,thisera
servesasabroadbasedhistoricalstartingpointinthestudyof
thedevelopmentofregionasanenduringgeopoliticalentity
andKannadaasanimportantregionallanguage.Theirlegacy
wassoimpressivethateventheVijayanagarrulerswhofought
DeccanSultanateshireddescendantsoftheKadambasto
managetheirGoamilitarynavalfleet.[1]

Contents

345525

ExtentofKadambaEmpire,500CE

Capital

Banavasi

Languages

Sanskrit
Kannada

Religion

Hinduism
Jainism

Government
Maharaja
345365

Monarchy

History
EarliestKadamba
records
Established
Disestablished

450
345
525

Precededby

Succeededby

Pallava
dynasty

Chalukya
dynasty

KadambaKings(345525)
(BanavasiKings)
Mayurasharma

1 History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty

Mayurasharma
KrishnaVarmaII

(345365)
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1 History
2 Coins
3 KadambaCoinsandtheearliestKannada
inscription
4 Administration
5 Culture
5.1 Religiouscondition
5.2 Architecture
5.3 Impact
6 Seealso
7 Notes
8 References
9 Externallinks

Kangavarma

(365390)

Bagitarha

(390415)

Raghu

(415435)

Kakusthavarma

(435455)

Santivarma

(455460)

Mrigeshavarma

(460480)

Shivamandhativarma

(480485)

Ravivarma

(485519)

Harivarma

(519525)

(TriparvathaBranch)

History

KrishnaVarmaI

(455)

Vishnuvarma

Simhavarma
Thereisnoshortageofmythsabouttheoriginofthe
Kadambas.Accordingtooneaccountthedynastywas
KrishnaVarmaII
foundedbyoneTrilochanaKadambaalsoknownfromthe
PulakesiI
(543566)
HalsiandDegamverecordsasJayantawhohadthreeeyes
(Chalukya)
andfourarms.[2]HewasbornoutofthesweatofShiva,
whichhadfallenunderaKadambatreeandhencehisname
Kadamba.Accordingtoanothermyth,MayurasharmahimselfwasborntoLordShivaandmotherearthand
hadthreeeyes.[3]AccordingtoGramaPaddhati,aKannadaworkdealingwiththehistoryoftheTulu
Brahmanas,MayurasharmawasborntoLordShivaandgoddessParvathiunderaKadambatreeintheSahyadri
mountainsandhencethenameKadamba.AninscriptionoftheNagarakhandaKadambas,alaterdescendent
dynasty,givesalegendaryaccountandtracestheirlineagebacktotheNandas.Accordingtotheinscription,
KingNandawhohadnoheirprayedtoLordShivaintheKailashmountainswhenaheavenlyvoiceadvised
himthattwosonswouldbeborntohim,wouldbearthenameofKadambaKula(family)andtheyshouldbe
instructedintheuseofweapons.[2]

TherearetwotheoriestotheoriginoftheKadambadynasty,anativeKannadigaoriginandtheotheranorth
Indianorigin.MentionofthenorthIndianoriginoftheKadambasareonlyfoundintheirlaterrecordsoftheir
offshootdescendentdynastyandisconsideredlegendary.Theearliestrecordmakingthisclaimisthe1053and
1055inscriptionsofHarikesariDevawhicharecopiedininscriptionsthereafter,describingMayurasharmaas
theprogenitorofthekingdomwhoestablishedhismightonthesummitofMountHimavat.Butthistheoryhas
notfoundpopularityasthereisnoindicationofthisaccountinanyoftheirearlyrecords.[4]Onthecontrary,the
familyderivesitsnamefromtheKadambatreethatiscommononlytotheSouthIndiaregion.[5]
HistoriansaredividedontheissueofthecasteoftheKadambafamily,whetherthefoundersofthekingdom
belongedtotheBrahmincasteasclaimedbytheTalagundainscription,orwereoftribalorigin.Aclaimhas
beenmadethattheKadambaswerenoneotherthanatribecalledtheKadambu,whowereinconflictwiththe
Cherakingdom(ofmodernTamilNaduKeralaregion).The'Kadambus'findmentionintheTamilSangam
literatureastotemicworshippersoftheKadambutreeandtheHindugodSubramanya.[6]Whilesomehistorians
havearguedthattheybeingofBrahmindescentmadeMayurasharma'sancestorsnativesofnorthernIndia,the
counterargumentisthatitwascommonforDravidianpeoplestobereceivedintotheBrahmaniccasteduring
earlyandlatermedievaltimes.BeingnativeKannadigas,theKadambaspromptlygaveadministrativeand
politicalimportancetotheirlanguage,Kannada,aftercomingtopower.[7]Itisthusclaimedthatthefamilyof
theKadambaswereundoubtedlyofKanaresedescentandmayhavebeenadmittedintotheBrahminical
caste.[8][9]TheNagadescentoftheKadambashasbeenstatedinearlyinscriptionsofKingKrishnaVarmaI
too,whichconfirmsthefamilywasfrompresentdayKarnataka.[5]
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InscriptionsinSanskritandKannadaarethemainsourcesoftheKadambahistory.TheTalagunda,Gundanur,
Chandravalli,HalasiandHalmidiinscriptionaresomeoftheimportantinscriptionsthatthrowlightonthis
ancientrulingfamilyofKarnataka.[10]TheybelongedtotheManavyaGotraandwereHaritiputras(lineage),
whichconnectsthemtothenativeChutusofBanavasi,afeudatoryoftheSatavahanaempire.[11]Inscriptionsof
theKadambasinKannadaandSanskritascribedtothemaindynastyandbranchkingdomshavebeenpublished
byhistorians.[12][13]TheKadambasmintedcoinswithNagari,KannadaandGranthalegendswhichprovide
additionalnumismaticevidenceoftheirhistory.[14][15]
KadambaswerethefirstrulerstouseKannadaasanadditionalofficialadministrativelanguage,asevidenced
bytheHalmidiinscriptionof450.[16][17][18]ThreeKannadainscriptionsfromtheirearlyrulefromBanavasi
havebeendiscovered.[19]SeveralearlyKadambadynastycoinsbearingtheKannadainscriptionViraand
SkandhawasfoundinSataracollectorate.[20]AgoldcoinofKingBhagiratha(390415CE)bearingtheold
KannadalegendSriandBhagialsoexists.[21]Recentdiscoveryof5thcenturyKadambacoppercoinin
BanavasiwithKannadascriptinscriptionSrimanaragionitprovestheusageofKannadaattheadministrative
levelfurther.[22]
Oneoftheirearliestinscriptions,theTalagundainscriptionofSantivarma(450)giveswhatmaybethemost
possiblecausefortheemergenceoftheKadambakingdom.ItstatesthatMayurasharmawasanativeof
Talagunda,(inpresentdayShimogadistrict)andhisfamilygotitsnamefromtheKadambatreethatgrewnear
hishome.[23][24][25]TheinscriptionnarrateshowMayurasharmaproceededtoKanchiin345alongwithhis
guruandgrandfatherVeerasarmatopursuehisVedicstudiesataGhatika(school).There,owingtosome
misunderstandingbetweenhimandaPallavaguardoratanAshvasanstha(aplaceofhorsesacrifice),aquarrel
aroseinwhichMayurasharmawashumiliated.Inhighrage,theBrahmanadiscontinuedhisstudies,leftKanchi,
swearingvengeanceontheimpudentPallavas,andtooktoarms.Hecollectedafaithfulgroupoffollowersand
routedthePallavaarmiesnearSrisilamregion.Afteraprolongedperiodoflowintensitywarfareagainstthe
PallavasandothersmallerkingssuchastheBrihadBanasofKolarregion,heproclaimedindependence.
Unabletocontainhim,thePallavashadtoaccepthissovereignty.[26][27]Thusinanactofrighteousindignation
wasbornthefirstnativekingdomofKarnataka,thePallavaKingSkandavarmancondescendingtorecognise
thegrowingmightoftheKadambassouthoftheMalaprabhariverasasovereignpower.[28]Scholarssuchas
MoresandSastryopinethatMayurasharmaavailedhimselfoftheconfusionthatwascreatedbytheinvasionof
SamudraguptawhoinhisAllahabadInscriptionclaimstohavedefeatedVishnugopaofKanchi.Taking
advantageoftheweakeningofthePallavapower,Mayuraappearstohavesucceededinestablishinganew
kingdom."[29]ThefactthatMayurasharmahadtotraveltodistantKanchiforVedicstudiesgivesanindication
thatVediclorewasquiterudimentaryintheregionatthattime.TherecentlydiscoveredGudnapurinscription
statesthatMauryasharma'sgrandfatherandpreceptorwasVirasarmaandhisfatherBandhushenadevelopedthe
characterofaKshatriya.[30]
Mayurasharma'ssuccessorwashissonKangavarmain365whohadtofighttheVakatakamighttoprotect
Kuntala.HewasdefeatedbyVakatakaPrithvisenabutmanagedtomaintainhisfreedom.[31]HissonBhagiratha
issaidtohaveretrievedhisfatherslossesbutVakatakainscriptionsdonotattesttothis.[32]HissonRaghudied
fightingthePallavas.HewassucceededbyhisbrotherKakusthavarmawhowasthemostpowerfulrulerofthe
dynasty.[33]HemaintainedmaritalrelationswitheventheimperialGuptasofthenorth,accordingtothe
Talagundainscription.OneofhisdaughterswasmarriedtoKumaraGupta'ssonSkandaGupta.Hisother
daughterwasmarriedtoaVakatakakingNarendrasena.[34]HemaintainedsimilarrelationswiththeBhatari,the
AlupasofSouthCanaraandtheWesternGangaDynastyofGangavadiaccordingtotheTalagundainscription.
ThegreatpoetKalidasahadvisitedhiscourt.[35]
AfterKakusthavarmaonlyRavivarmawhocametothethronein485wasabletobuilduponthekingdom.His
rulewasmarkedbyaseriesofclasheswithinthefamily,andalsoagainstthePallavasandtheGangas.Heis
alsocreditedwithavictoryagainsttheVakatakas,whichhelpedextendhisKingdomasfarnorthastheriver
Narmada.ThecruxoftheirkingdomessentiallyconsistedoflargeareasofKarnataka,Goaandsouthernareas
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ofpresentdayMaharashtra.Afterhisdeath,thekingdomwentintodeclineduetofamilyfeuds.TheBirur
platesofKadambaVishnuvarmancallShantivarman"ThemasteroftheentireKarnatakaregion".The
Triparvathabranchthatbrokeawayin455ruledfromMurodinBelagaviforsometimeandmergedwiththe
mainBanavasikingdomduringruleofHarivarma.FinallythekingdomfelltothepoweroftheBadami
Chalukyas.TheKadambasthereafterbecamefeudatoriesoftheBadamiChalukyasandlatertheRashtrakutas
andKalyaniChalukyas.ThesuccessorsofMayurasharmatooktothename"varma"toindicatetheirKshatriya
status.

Coins
KadambascoinswereonetheheaviestandperhapspurestofallmedievalIndiangoldcoinage.[36]Kadambas
issued2typesofgoldcoins,namelyPunchmarkedgoldcoinsandDiestruckgoldcoins.During10751094
AD,ShantiVarma,issuedGoldPunchmarkedCoinandin1065AD,Toyimadeva,issuedDiestruckgoldcoins
(Pagoda).
Punchmarkedgoldcoins
KadambapunchmarkedgoldcoinissuedinnameofJaysimhaIIJagadekamalla(Chalukya).
CoinconsistsofacentralpunchmarkofHanuman,and4retrospectantlions.
2prominentpunchmarkscreate2ShrialphabetsdepictsgoddessLaxmiinTeluguKannadascript.
Diestruckgoldcoins(Pagoda)
In1065ADKadambasToyimadevaissuedfirstdiestruckgoldcoins.
ThegoldcoinofKadambasdepictgodHanuman,insidelinedcircleanddotedcircle,flankedbytwo
chouriesandconch.Alsoincludethefiguresofsunandmoon.BelowisthelegendNakara(Nagara,the
deityofBankapura,Nagareshwara)inTeluguKannadascript.
TheyhavebeendefinitivelyattributedtotheKadambasbecausetheynotonlyhavevariousKadambasymbols,
suchasconchesandchakras,butoneoftheepithetsonthecoins,sridosharashi,isknownfrominscriptionsto
havebeenusedbytheKadambakingKrishnavarmaII(ruled516540).[37]Othercoinswiththelegendsri
manarashiwerealsofound,alongwithanepigraphiccoins(thatis,coinswithoutanylegends)featuring
flowers,chakras,andconches.Thelotus,chakra(discus),andconchareallsymbolsofthegodVishnu.
KadambainscriptionsfrequentlyinvokeVishnu,indicatingtheymusthavebeendevoteesofthisdeity.The
identityofthekingnamedsrimanarashihasstillnotbeendetermined.
ThecoinsareperhapstheearliestonestouseKannadaletters,aconfirmationthattheKadambaswerethefirst
rulingdynastynativetoKarnataka.

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Earlycoinofthe
Kadambaking
Shanthivarmaor
Mrigeshavarma.
Obverseshowsthe5th
centuryKannada
legend"Sri
Manarashi",anepithet
oftheking.Thecoin
cannotbeattributed
properlyintheabsence
ofanyrecordsthat
mentionsthistitle.

Earlycoinofthe
Kadambaking
Krishnavarma(ruledc.
516540),whohasan
epithet"sridosharashi.
Thereverseofthecoin
hasthelegendShri
shashankaha,
Shashankameans
"moon"inSanskrit

Goldcoinsissuedby
KingToyimadevaof
KadambaDynasty,
10481075A.D

KadambaCoinsandtheearliestKannadainscription
TheHalmidiinscriptionwastheearliestknownepigraphthatshowedtheearlyusageofKannadascript
(Kadambascript).ThestoneinscriptionfoundatHalmidihasbeenassignedtoC.450CE.andbelongsto
KadambarulerKakusthavarma,whosereignisestimatedtobebetween435CEto455CE.
Intheyear2006,theJalagars,thesandsieversfamily,fromTamilNadu,yieldedaround6Kannadainscribed
potincoinsfromtheriverbedofVaradainSirsiTaluk,whichisinUttaraKannadadistrict.Thelegendscould
notbesatisfactorilydecipheredbySriMMPrabhuofMangaloreduetothepoorchippedconditionofcoins,
andwasreadSriManaragi.Later,whenmorecoinscametolimelight,thenextyear,hemanagedtoattributeit
totheKadambasofBanavasi.TheBanavasivillage,whichis22miles(35km)awayfromtheSirsitownwas
theancientcapitaloftheKadambasofBanavasi.Banavasiwasalsoknownas"Jaldurga"intheAihole
inscriptionofPulakeshinII.TheVaradariverencompassedtheBanavasitowninallthefourdirectionstoform
anaturalwaterportandhencethenameJal(water)durga(port).
Forthenexttwoyears(20072008),theJalagarsmadeaheadwayandyieldedSatavahanaPotincoinsbearing
Elephant/quadridirectionalsymbolinquantityabove5000pieecsalongwithfewhundredsofKuraPotincoins
bearingBull/BowandArrowsymbols.MostoftheelephantSatavahanacoinswereofrulersSiri,Satakarniand
Pudumavi.TheSatavahahafractionsofupto50mgweight,withsimilarelephantmotiffandillegiblelegend
werealsoobtained.TheBull/DiscusPotincoinswereissuedmainlybyRajnoVishnurudrathoughotherrulers
namesuchasVishnurudraPutra,VasithiPutra,Satakarnietc.exist.Thirdoftheseries,theinscribedKadamba
Potincoinswerefoundtoo,butinsmallquantities,estimatedtobearound100pieceswithfouruniquelegend
types.OnlythecoinsbearingthelegendSriManarashiandSrDhosharashihavebeenpublishedyet.There
existaround10dievariationsofthesame.OthercoinssuchasBull/TridentGoadcoinsinbellmetalof
tetradrachmstandardbearinglegendVinukhataBrahmanandawerefoundin5to6numbers,CopperandLead
coinsofChutukulananda,MulanandaandSivalanandaetc.areseenseldominthoseriverbedsbutintoolesser
numbers.CoppercoinsofChutuswerenotknownhitherto.SinceBanavasiwasanimportantreligioussiteof
sanctity,thesiteattractedoldagepiigrimsfromdistantplaceswhospenttheirlastdaysintheholysite.They
offeredcoinssuchasGuptas,Kushan,Roman,WesternKshatrapas,VijayanagarasandHoysalasetc.,which
standsevidencetothis.
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AsfarasthechronologyoftheseBanavasiKadambacoinsconcerned,SriDhosharashicoinsfollowSri
Manarashicoinsasevidencedbythescriptstyle.SinceDhosharashiepithetwasadornedbyRavivarma,the
ManarashicoinsareeitherissuedbythepredecessorsShanthivarmaorMrigeshavarma.Thisisunderstoodby
thescriptstyleofManarashicoinsthatresembledmorethatofHalmidiinscription.Moreover,Halmidi
inscriptionisassignedtoKakkushthavarman.Thesepotincoinsareobservedinvariedweightssuchas200mg
to400mgstanadard.Thefractionalcoinsweighedaround100mgandcontainedreligioussymbolssuchas
Discus,ConchandLotus,whicharetheiconsofLordVishnu.
TheirTalagundainscriptionhadaninvocationofLordShivawhiletheHalmidiandBanavasiinscriptions
startedwithaninvocationofLordVishnu.Moreover,theirtemple,theMadukeshwara,alsoseemtohave
undergoneseveralchangesoveraperiod.TheinitialstatueisbelievedtobeofLordVishnuwhileSivaLingais
currentlyworshipped.AnothertaleaboutthisplaceinvolvestheslayingofdemonMadhubyLordVishnuatthe
behestofLordShiva.ThistaleismentionedinthePuranas.So,thereligioussymbolsuchasConch,Discuss
andLotusonlysignifiesthefractionalvalueofcoin,whichisseenevenintheHanasandHagasoftheAlupas
andGangas,whowerethecontemporariesandalsointime,thefeudatoriesoftheKadambasofBanavasi.
ItisimpressivetoseetheshiftofscriptusagetoKannada,fromtheSatavahanaBrahmi.SatavahanaBrahmi
wasusedbytheChutus,SatavahanasandtheKurasrespectivelyastheofficialscript.Itisquitepossiblethat
KannadawasinusepriortotheruleoftheChutusbutBrahmiwasthescript.TheusageofKannadascriptin
coinsandinscriptionsisthegiftoftheKadambasandtrendcontinuedinthewholeofthenKarnataka.The
stonetabletsrecentlyfoundinParkala,Udupitaluk,atteststheusageofKannadaaroundthesameperiod(5th
centuryCE).

TheHalmidi
inscriptionatHalmidi
village,dated450CE.
istheearliestKannada
inscriptionissuedby
theKadambaDynasty

OldKannada
inscriptionsof
Kadambaking
Kamadeva(c.1180)
andHoysalaking
VeeraBallalaII
(c.1196)intheopen
mantapaofthe
Tarakeshwaratempleat
Hangal

OldKannada
inscription(1200AD)
ofKingKamadevaof
theKadambadynasty
oftheHangalbranch

Kannadalegendsri
manarashi

Kannadalegendsri
dosharashi

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Administration
TheKadambakingscalledthemselvesDharmamaharajasliketheSatavahanakings.Dr.Moreshasidentified
variouscabinetandotherpositionsinthekingdomfrominscriptions.Theprimeminister(Pradhana),Steward
(Manevergade),secretaryofcouncil(TantrapalaorSabhakaryaSachiva),scholarlyelders(Vidyavriddhas),
physician(Deshamatya),privatesecretary(Rahasyadhikritha),chiefsecretary(Sarvakaryakarta),chiefjustice
(Dharmadhyaksha)andotherofficials(BhojakaandAyukta).ThearmyconsistedofofficerslikeJagadala,
DandanayakaandSenapathi.
Acrownprincefromtheroyalfamilyhelpedthekinginadministration.Princessesoftheroyalfamilywere
appointedasgovernorsofvariousprovinces.KingKakusthavarmahadappointedhissonKrishnaasviceroyof
Thriparvatharegion.Thislaterproveddetrimentaltothekingdomasitgaveopportunityforbreakaway
factionsinthekingdom.
ThekingdomwasdividedintoMandalas(provinces)orDesha.UnderaMandalawasVishayas(districts).A
totalofnineVishayahavebeenidentified.[38]UnderaVishayawereMahagramas(Taluk)andDashagramas
(Hobli).MahagramahadmorevillagesthanDashagramas.Onesixthoflandproducewascollectedastax.
TaxeswerecollectedasPerjunka(levyonload),Vaddaravula(socialsecuritytaxforroyalfamily),Bilkoda
(salextax),Kirukula(landtax),Pannaya(beteltax)andotherprofessionaltaxesontradersetc.recently
Dr.s.g.samakofshimogahasdiscoveredahoardof6kadambacopperplatesfromaplacecalledaratalegaddeis
inshimohadistrict.inthathoardtwonewkingssofarunknowninthegeniologyofthekadambashavebeen
identified.theyarepriyavrutavarmaandpulindavarma

Culture
Religiouscondition
TheKadambaswerefollowersofVedicHinduism.Thefounder,MayurasharmawasaBrahminbybirthbut
laterhissuccessorschangedtheirsurnametoVarmatoindicatetheirKshatriyastatus.SomeKadambakings
likeKrishnaVarmaperformedtheAshwamedha(horsesacrifice).TheirTalagundainscriptionstartswithan
invocationofLordShivawhiletheHalmidiandBanavasiinscriptionsstartwithaninvocationofLordVishnu.
TheybuilttheMadhukesvaratemplewhichisconsideredtheirfamilydeity.ManyrecordsliketheKudalur,
SirsirecordsspeakofgrantsmadebythemtoscholarlyBrahmins.GrantswerealsomadetoBuddhistviharas.
TheKadambasalsopatronisedJainismseveralofthelatterkingsadoptedthereligion,andbuiltnumerousJain
Basadis(temples)thatarescatteredaroundBanavasi,Belagavi,MangaluruandGoa.KingsandQueensofthe
dynastywererenownedfortheirsupportofliterature,artsandliberalgrantstotemplesandeducational
institutions.
SeveraldescendantsarescatteredaroundpresentdayGoa,Belagavi,MangaluruandBengaluru.AdikaviPampa
highlyspokeofthiskingdominhiswritings.FollowingarehisfamousquotesonBanavasi:
Aaramkushamittodamnenevudennamanambanavasideshamam(Ishallcherishthesweetmemoriesof
Banavasievenwhentortured),MaridumbiyagimENKogileyagiputtuvudunandanadolBanavasideshadol(As
abeeorasnightingaleshouldonebornhereinthisbeautifulcountryofBanavasi).[39]

Architecture
ThecontributionoftheKadambastothearchitecturalheritageofKarnatakaiscertainlyworthyof
recognition.[40]TheKadambastylecanbeidentifiedandthatithasafewthingsincommonwiththeChalukya
andthePallavastyles.Themostprominentfeatureoftheirarchitecture,basicasitwasistheirShikaracalled
KadambaShikara.TheShikaraispyramidshapedandrisesinstepswithoutanydecorationwithaStupikaor
Kalashaatthetop.ThisstyleofShikaraareusedseveralcenturieslaterintheDoddagaddavalliHoysalatemple
andtheMahakutatemplesinHampi.Someoftheirtemplesalsouseperforatedscreenwindows.Ithasalso
beenpointedoutthatinarchitectureandsculpture,theKadambascontributedtothefoundationofthelater
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ChalukyaHoysalastyle.[41]
TheMadhukeshwara(LordShiva)templebuiltbythemstillexistsin
Banavasi.Builtinthe10thcenturyandrenovatedmanytimes,the
templeisaverygoodpieceofart.Thestonecotwithwonderful
carvingsisoneofthemaintouristattractionsinthetemple.

Impact
Kadambotsava("ThefestivalofKadamba")afestivaliscelebrated
everyyearbyGovernmentofKarnatakainhonourofthiskingdom.[42]
Kadambashikara(tower)withKalasa
ApopularKannadafilm,MayurastarringDr.RajKumarcelebratesthe
(pinnacle)ontop,Doddagaddavalli
creationofthefirstKannadakingdom.
On31May2005DefenceministerPranabMukherjeecommissioned
India'smostadvancedandfirstdedicatedmilitarynavalbasenamedINSKadambaaftertheKadambadynasty,
inKarwar.[43]

Seealso
KadambasofGoa
HistoryofIndia
HistoryofSouthIndia
HistoryofGoa
Talagunda
Kadambaarchitecture

Notes
1.P.48GoaToday,Volume17ByGoaPublications,
1982Goa,DamanandDiu(India)
2.GeorgeM.Moraes(1931),TheKadambaKula,A
HistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,Asian
EducationalServices,1990,p8
3.YetanotherlegendisthatMayurasarmawasborntoa
sisterofJainThirtankaraAnandaJinavritindraunder
aKadambatree.Alltheselegendsarefromthe
recordsofthelaterHangalKadambasandKadambas
ofGoa,GeorgeM.Moraes(1931),TheKadamba
Kula,AHistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,
AsianEducationalServices,1990,p7
4.RoyalfamiliesoftheDeccaninthe11thcentury
periodoftenconcoctednorthernorigintheories
accordingtoGeorgeM.Moraes(1931),TheKadamba
Kula,AHistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,
AsianEducationalServices,1990,p.9
5.GeorgeM.Moraes(1931),TheKadambaKula,A
HistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,Asian
EducationalServices,1990,p.10
6.Chopraetal.(2003),p.161
7.SahityaAkademi(1988),p.1717
8.GeorgeM.Moraes(1931),TheKadambaKula,A
HistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,Asian
EducationalServices,1990,p.11
9.KadambaswereessentiallyMysoreans(Rice1897,
pp.296,335)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty

10.Dr.SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryof
Karnatakafromprehistorictimestothepresent,
Jupiterbooks,2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint
2002),pp3039
11.BoththeTalagundaandGundanurinscriptionsattest
tothisDr.SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistory
ofKarnatakafromprehistorictimestothepresent,
Jupiterbooks,2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint
2002),p30
12.21Kannadaand2Sanskritinscriptionshavebeen
decipheredandpublishedbyGeorgeM.Moraes
(1931),TheKadambaKula,AHistoryofAncientand
MedievalKarnataka,AsianEducationalServices,New
Delhi,Madras,1990,pp387474
13.Dr.D.C.Sircar,Dr.P.B.Desai,Dr.G.S.Gai,N.
LakshminarayanaRao."IndianInscriptionsSouth
IndianInscriptions,vol15,18".WhatIsIndiaNews
Service,Friday,April28,2006.Archaeological
SurveyofIndia.Retrieved20061128.
14.=GovindarayaS.Prabhu(1November2001).
"Prabhu'swebpageonIndianCoinsDynastiesof
SouthKadambas".Retrieved20061128.
15.CoinswithKannadalegendshavebeendiscovered
fromtheruleoftheKadambas,accordingtoDr.
SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnataka
fromprehistorictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,
2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p12

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16.AreportonHalmidiinscription,MuralidharaKhajane
(3November2003)."Halmidivillagefinallyonthe
roadtorecognition".TheHindu,Monday,November
3,2003.Chennai,India:TheHindu.Retrieved
20061128.
17.TheKadambaWesternGangaDynastyeraisa
momentousimportancetoKannadalanguageforit
waswiththeserulersthatKannadalanguagefirst
gainedofficiallanguagestatusK.V.Ramesh,
ChalukyasofVatapi,1984,AgamKalaPrakashan,
Delhi,p10
18.Dr.S.U.KamathopinesthatKannadamayhavebeen
alocallanguageatthistimeDr.SuryanathU.
Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnatakafrompre
historictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,2001,
MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p37
19.Dr.SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryof
Karnatakafromprehistorictimestothepresent,
Jupiterbooks,2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint
2002),p37
20.ThecoinsarepreservedattheArchaaeological
Section,PrinceofWalesMuseumofWesternIndia,
MumbaiMoraes(1931),p382
21.ThecoinispreservedattheIndianHistorical
ResearchInstitute,St.Xavier'sCollege,Mumbai
Moraes(1931),p382
22.DHNewsServiceMysore."5thcenturycoppercoin
discoveredatBanavasi".DeccanHerald,Tuesday,
February7,2006.DeccanHerald.Archivedfromthe
originalon6October2006.Retrieved20061128..
23.AccordingtoDr.B.L.RiceDr.SuryanathU.
Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnatakafrompre
historictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,2001,
MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p30
24.GeorgeM.Moares(1931),TheKadambaKula,A
HistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,Asian
EducationalServices,1990,p10
25.Dr.JyotsnaKamat."KadambasofBanavasi".1996
2006Kamat'sPotpourri.Retrieved20061128.
26.TheTalagundainscriptionof450statesthat
Mayurasharmawastheprogenitorofthekingdom.
Theinscriptiongivesagraphicdescriptionofthe
happeningsatKanchi,"Thatthehanddextrousin
graspingtheKusha(grass),fuelandstones,ladle,
meltedbutterandtheoblationvessel,unsheatheda
flamingsword,eagertoconquertheearth"Dr.
SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnataka
fromprehistorictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,
2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),pp3031
27.K.V.Ramesh,ChalukyasofVatapi,1984,AgamKala
Prakashan,p6
28.K.V.Ramesh,ChalukyasofVatapi,1984,AgamKala
Prakashan,p3
29.ACONCISEHISTORYOFKARNATAKABy
Dr.SURYANATHU.KAMATH,page31.
30.TheinscriptionwasdiscoveredbyDr.B.R.Gopal,
Arthikaje,Mangalore."HistoryofKarnataka
KadambasofBanavasi".199800OurKarnataka.Com,
Inc.Retrieved20061128.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty

31.AccordingtoProf.JouveauDubreuilDr.Suryanath
U.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnatakafrompre
historictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,2001,
MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p32
32.TheTalagundainscriptiondescribesBhagirathaasthe
solelordoftheKadambalandandthegreatSagara
himself,indicatinghemayhaveretrievedtheirlosses
againsttheVakatakasDr.SuryanathU.Kamath,A
ConcisehistoryofKarnatakafromprehistorictimes
tothepresent,Jupiterbooks,2001,MCC,Bangalore
(Reprint2002),p32
33.AccordingtoDr.G.M.MoraeswhowroteKadamba
Kula:AHistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,
undertheruleKakusthavarma,thekingdomreached
itsacmeofsuccessandtheTalagundarecordcalls
himtheornamentofthefamily,theHalsiandHalmidi
inscriptionsalsoholdhiminhighesteemDr.
SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnataka
fromprehistorictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,
2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p32
34.AccordingtoDr.P.B.DesaiandtheBalaghat
inscriptionofVakatakaPritvisenaDr.SuryanathU.
Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnatakafrompre
historictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,2001,
MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p33
35.TheSanskritworkAuchityaVicharabyKshemendra
quotescertainportionsofaworkbygreatPoet
KalidasacalledKunthalesvaraDautyawhich
discusseshisvisittotheKadambacourt.Apparently,
theKadambadidnotofferthepoetaseattositonand
Kalidasahadtositontheground,indicatingthe
KadambastreatedtheambassadorfromtheGupta
kingdomwithscantrespect.Thisisalsoverifiedfrom
aSanskritworkbyBhojacalledShringaraPrakasika
whichmentionsaGuptaambassadorbeingsenttothe
courtofKuntala.WhileDr.Moraesopinesthe
ambassadorwentduringthetimeofKadambaking
Bhagiratha,Dr.P.B.Desai,R.S.Panchamukhifeelit
wasduringtheruleofkingKakusthavarmaDr.
SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnataka
fromprehistorictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,
2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),p33
36."TheKadambasofHangal".Retrieved20090402.
37.K.Ganesh:CoinsofBanavasi,Bangalore,March
2008.
38.Prof.R.S.Panchamukhihasidentifiedninesuch
VishayaliketheSendrakaVishaya,TagareVishaya
etcDr.SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryof
Karnatakafromprehistorictimestothepresent,
Jupiterbooks,2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint
2002),p35
39.Arthikaje,Mangalore."HistoryofKarnataka
KadambasofBanavasi".199800OurKarnataka.Com,
Inc.Retrieved20061128.
40.Dr.JyotsnaKamat."AncientCityofBanavasi".
19962006Kamat'sPotpourri.Kamat'sPotpourri.
Retrieved20061128.

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41.Dr.G.M.Moraesopinesthatapartfromusingsome
uniquefeatures,theKadambasusedmanymixed
stylesintheirarchitecutrederivedfromtheir
predecessorsandoverlords.TheKadambaswerethe
originatorsoftheKarnatakaarchitectureDr.
SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnataka
fromprehistorictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,
2001,MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002),pp3738

42.KadambotsavaisheldatBanavasiasitisherethat
theKadambakingsorganisedthespringfestivalevery
year.StaffCorrespondent(20January2006).
"KadambotsavainBanavasifromtoday".TheHindu,
Friday,January20,2006.Chennai,India:TheHindu.
Retrieved20061128.
43.DefenseMinisterPranabMukherjeeopenedthefirst
phaseofIndia'sgiantwesternnavalbaseINS
KadambainKarwar,Karnatakastate,on31May.
"IndiaOpensMajorNavalBaseatKarwar".Defence
IndustryDaily.21May2012.Retrieved20130130.

References
GeorgeM.Moraes(1931),TheKadambaKula,AHistoryofAncientandMedievalKarnataka,AsianEducational
Services,NewDelhi,Madras,1990ISBN8120605950
EncyclopaediaofIndianliteraturevol.2,(1988)SahityaAkademi,ISBN8126011947
Dr.SuryanathU.Kamath,AConcisehistoryofKarnatakafromprehistorictimestothepresent,Jupiterbooks,2001,
MCC,Bangalore(Reprint2002)LCCN8095179(http://lccn.loc.gov/80095179),OCLC7796041(https://www.worl
dcat.org/oclc/7796041)
K.V.Ramesh,ChalukyasofVatapi,1984,AgamKalaPrakashan,DelhiOCLC13869730(https://www.worldcat.org/o
clc/13869730)OL3007052M(https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3007052M)LCCN84900575(http://lccn.loc.gov/84
900575)ASINB0006EHSP0(http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006EHSP0)
ChopraP.N.,RavindranT.K.,SubrahmanianN.(2003),HistoryofSouthIndia(Ancient,MedievalandModern),Part
1,Chandpublications,NewDelhiISBN8121901537
Rice,B.L.(2001)[1897].MysoreGazetteerCompiledforGovernmentvol1.NewDelhi,Madras:AsianEducational
Services.ISBN8120609778.
"KadambasofBanavasi,Dr.JyotsnaKamat".Kamat'sPotpourri.Retrieved20061128.
"HistoryofKarnatakaKadambasofBanavasi,Arthikaje".OurKarnataka.Com.Retrieved20061128.
"IndianInscriptions".ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia.Retrieved20061128.
"5thcenturycoppercoindiscoveredatBanavasi".DeccanHerald.February7,2006.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6
October2006.Retrieved20061128.
"Halmidivillagefinallyontheroadtorecognition".TheHindu.Chennai,India.3November2003.Retrieved
20061128.
HechekarnatakaOneofthevillagefallingunderkadambaempire.
"IndianCoins,DynastiesofSouthIndia,GovindayaraPrabhu".G.SPrabhu.1November2001.Retrieved
20061113.

Externallinks
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skadambasbanavasi.html)

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