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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
I. CASE ABSTRACT
TomTom, an Amsterdam-based company that provides navigation services
devices, leads the navigation systems market in Europe and is second in
United States. Its most popular products include TomTom Go and TomTom One
cars, TomTom Rider for bikes, TomTom Navigator (digital maps), and TomTom
iPhone its most recent release.
The company attributes its market leadership to its technology, large
customer base, distribution power, and prominent brand image. But as the U.S.
and European personal navigation device market gets saturated, TomToms sales
growth rate declines. The company also faces increasing competition from other
platforms using GPS technology like cell phones and smartphones with a builtin navigation function. Legal and environmental restrictions on the digital
navigation industry make TomToms future even more uncertain.
TomTom responded to these threats by shifting its business mix toward
value-added services, making its personal navigation devices a smaller portion
of total revenue. Whether the company can regain growth may well depend on
whether this shift will succeed.
and
the
for
for
Environmental Scanning
Competitive Advantage
Threat of Substitutes
Market Segmentation
International Growth
Stages of Corporate Development
Growth through Acquisition
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
III. STEPS COVERED IN STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
3. If Google offers free navigation systems with their Android phone
operating system, will demand for PNDs decline?
4. Is a PND better than navigation in a cell phone? What if the phone
rings during navigation? What if you drive out of the range of the
signal?
5. How can TomTom enter markets like China when the government will not
allow mapping of certain areas?
6. How important is it for TomTom to update its navigation maps? How
often?
VII. CASE AUTHORS TEACHING NOTE Not Available
VIII. STUDENT STRATEGIC AUDIT
TomTom: Student Strategic Audit
I.
Current Situation
A.
Current Performance
1.
One of the largest producers of satellite navigation systems
(i.e. personal navigation devices, or PND)
a.
24% of market share in navigational devices
b.
Leader in navigation systems markets in Europe and
stands second in United States
2.
Revenues have grown from 8mn to 1.674bn between 2002 and
2008
B.
Strategic Posture
1.
Mission (clearly stated, appropriate to the company):
Navigation based information services and devices; competes
in navigation industry
2.
Objectives (clearly stated, aligned with the mission):
Focuses around radical advances in three key areas;
a.
Better maps
b.
Better routing
c.
Better traffic information
C.
D.
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
4.
5.
6.
II.
III.
Corporate Governance
A.
Board of Directors
1.
Publicly traded on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange; majority of
shares owned by the four partners
2.
Information directly related to the BOD is unavailable in
the case
B.
Top Management
1.
Peter-Frans Pauwels and Pieter Geelen, founders (1991)
a.
Educated at Amsterdam University
b.
Started company as software development for hand held
computers
c.
Personal finance, games, maps, dictionary
d.
International experience since formation of company
2.
Corinne Vigreaux, Managing Director/3rd partner (1996)
3.
Harold Goddijn, 4th partner (2001)
a.
Former CEO of Psion
4.
Mark Gretton, Hardware Team Head (2003)
a.
Former CTO of Psion
5.
Alexander Ribbink, New Product Sales Head (2003)
a.
A former top marketing official
6.
Anne Louise Hanstad, Marketing Head (join date unknown)
7.
Top Management
a.
Responsible for the corporations performance
b.
In their current positions for at least 7 years
c.
Other than the founders, all top managers were
external hires
8.
Strategic management approach
a.
Key acquisitions and partnerships
b.
Increasing revenue base through geographical expansion
c.
Diversifying its product and service portfolio
d.
Ensuring products and services are easy to use and of
high quality
e.
Strong branding
f.
Create scale economies to continue to lead the
industry in terms of innovation
g.
Top management is actively involved
Societal Environment
1.
Economy
a.
Worldwide economic downturn (T)
b.
Mature U.S. and European PND market (T)
I.
Decreasing sales growth rate for PND, 20052008(T)
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
II.
c.
d.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Technology
a.
Competition from devices using different platforms are
adopting GPS technology (T)
b.
Aging satellites may interrupt GPS navigation systems
and services (T)
c.
Advanced in-house routing algorithm (O)
d.
Creation of digital maps for developing countries (T)
I.
The acquisition of Tele-Atlas enables first
mover advantage in foreign countries (O)
e.
Incorporate new navigation services on existing
products (O)
Political Legal
a.
FCC regulation requires all cell phones to have GPS
receivers, 2005 (O/T)
b.
Proposed Australian legislation bans all automobile
navigation devices (T)
c.
Proposed Canadian legislation would only allow builtin automobile navigation devices (T)
d.
Create PDN lobbying group, similar to the
International Council Toy Industries (O)
e.
Increased terrorism threats may create negative
consumer attitudes towards navigation systems (T)
I.
GPS devices banned in Egypt since 2003 (T)
f.
GREEN movement promotes the usability of navigational
devices and portrays technology as a smart and
environmental safe tool (O)
g.
Restrictions of navigation devices in foreign
countries (T)
Socio-cultural
a.
Consumers preferences heading towards all-in-one
devices (O/T)
I.
Combine smart phones and GPS technology (O/T)
II.
Analysts predict phone-based GPS technology will
dominate industry by 2013 (T)
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3.
4.
5.
6.
C.
IV.
b.
Large customer base (O)
Threat of substitute products or services: Strong
a.
Smart phones and cell phones incorporate similar GPS
navigation systems (T)
b.
Online and built-in navigation services (T)
Bargaining power of suppliers: Strong
a.
Supply chain and distribution is outsourced to
streamline expenses (T)
I.
Dependent on third parties and sole suppliers
(T)
b.
High distribution power (O)
Rivalry among competing firms: Strong
a.
Garmin has first mover advantage in India (T)
b.
TomTom and top two competitors account for 85% of
total market (T)
Relative power of unions, governments, special interest
groups, etc.: Moderate
a.
Government regulations may hinder GPS growth (T)
b.
GREEN movement promotes the usability of navigational
devices and portrays technology as a smart and
environmental safe tool (O)
B.
Corporate Culture
1.
Based on: success of a business means success for the
individual employee
2.
Talent development programs built around culture
3.
Motto: to do business efficiently, profitability, as well as
responsibly
a.
Underlines corporate social responsibility
b.
HQ: one of the most energy efficient buildings in
Amsterdam
4.
Diversity: enables the company to compete in international
markets
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a.
C.
Corporate Resources
1.
Marketing
a.
Strategy: high quality and ease of use solutions
I.
Consistent with clearly stated fundamentals of
navigation, mapping, routing algorithm and
dynamic information (S)
b.
Focus on prominent brand image and diversifying into
different market segments to continue focus on brand
name (S)
I.
Three of four people are aware of the brand
across markets (S)
II.
Acquisition of Tele Atlas
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
II.
Finance
a.
Objective: diversify and become a broader revenuebased company
I.
Goal to increase revenue base in terms of
geographical expansion but also to diversify
product and service portfolio
II.
Goal to reduce operating expenses through:
Staff reductions
Restructuring and integration of Tele
Atlas
Discretionary spending
Number of contractors
Marketing expenditures
b.
Sales
I.
Yearly growth in sales revenue and net income in
2005, 2006 and 2007 (S)
II.
Net loss in 2008 due to economic downturn and
increase of term debt and costs related to
acquisition of Tele Atlas (W)
III.
Quarterly growth reveals seasonal trend with
highest sales in last quarter and lowest in the
first quarter
2008 sales in Q1 were lower compared to
2007 (W)
Q2 higher in 2008 over 2007 (S)
Q3 flat between 2008 over 2007Q4 lower in
2008 over 2007 (W)
Q2 2009 shows increased revenue over Q4
2008 (S)
c.
Revenue per segment divided into PND, services and
content
Q109
Q108
Q408
Revenue(inmillions)
PNDs
172
264
473
Others
31
29
29
#ofPNDssold(thousands)
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1,419
1,997
Avg.PNDSellingPrice
99
117
4,443
100
I.
Q109
Q108
Revenue(inmillions)
Europe
146,549
178,114
NorthAmerica55,558
84,641
RestofWorld10,976
1,097
Total
213,083
263,842
I.
II.
f.
II.
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
III.
D.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Information systems
a.
None mentioned
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V.
VI.
Effects
a.
Diversifying portfolio and risk through
I.
Potential new products and services
II.
Expansion into new industries
Strategic Alternatives
1.
R&D
a.
Experiment with cellular towers for GPS capabilities,
potentially eliminating satellite dependency
b.
Push innovation on core products, to include voice
control and real-time intuitive directions (i.e. to
avoid accidents and heavy traffic)
c.
Experiment with algorithms in other technologies (e.g.
electronic stock trading, search engines, etc.)
d.
Experiment with cell phone producing capabilities
e.
Pros:
I.
First mover advantage
II.
Create new markets
f.
Cons:
I.
Increased expenses
II.
Time to market
2.
International Expansion
a.
Explore new markets
b.
Explore emerging markets
c.
Pros:
I.
Overcomes U.S. and European maturing markets
II.
Higher growth opportunities in emerging markets
d.
Cons:
I.
Risk related to political, cultural and
regulatory concerns
II.
Time needed to develop localized maps
3.
Licensing Agreements
a.
Partner with Droid, Apple, and RIMM to develop
integrated navigation system preinstalled in phones
b.
Pros:
I.
Growth in market share
II.
Diversification of channels
c.
Cons:
I.
Possible lower margins
II.
Dependency on strategic partners
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
B.
VII.
Recommended Strategy
1.
Greater push for R&D
a.
International Expansion and Licensing are short-term
solutions with little innovation
b.
Current market is becoming saturated and new strategy
is required in order to remain competitive
Exhibit1:EFAS(ExternalFactorAnalysisSummary)
KeyExternal
Factors
Opportunities
Weight
Rating
Weighted
Score
International
expansion
0.15
0.60
Increasing
environmental
concerns
0.05
0.05
Campaigningfor
favorable
legislation
0.05
0.10
Alternate
navigational
platforms
0.15
0.60
Comments
TomTom'sacquisitionofTeleAtlas
providesthenecessary
technologicalknowledgetoexpand
tointernationalmarkets.
Increasinginternationalrevenues
allowsthecompanytoinvestin
developingcountries.
Increasedenvironmentalconcerns
promotetheusabilityof
navigationaldevices.TheGREEN
Movementportraysnavigational
technologyasasmartand
environmentalsafetool.TomTomhas
nottakenadvantageoftheGREEN
Movementasamarketingtool.
TomTomunderstandsthevalueof
creatingalobbyinggrouptoacton
behalfofthePDNindustry.APDN
councilmaydiscouragegovernment
frompassinglawsthatmaythreaten
theindustry.
AnalystspredictphonebasedGPS
technologywilldominateindustry
by2013.TomTommustactonthis
platformshifttomaintaina
competitiveadvantage.
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Increasing
governmental
regulations
0.10
0.20
System
reliability
0.10
0.10
Maturedmarket
0.15
0.75
TheAgeof
Convergence,all
inonedevices
0.15
0.45
Threats
Proposedlegislationsmayprevent
theusageofPDNdeviceson
automobiles.Thereareincreasing
legalandpoliticalconcernsthat
PNDsmayassistterrorism.
Industryrelianceonpotential
outdatedsatelliteforsystem
reliability;analternate
technologyhasnotbeenproposed.
TomTomhasnocontrolover
satellitetechnologyand
maintenance.
TheUSandEuropeanmarketsare
matureandprovidedeclining
revenuelevels.TomTommustexpand
todevelopingcountriestomaintain
financialhealth.
Consumersarerequestingthe
convenienceofallinonedevices.
GPStechnologymustbeincorporated
ontootherplatforms.
TomTomhasastrongdependencyon
solesuppliersandthirdparties
forallproducts.
Dependenceon
thirdpartiesand
0.10
1
0.10
solesuppliers
TotalScore
1.00
2.95
*WeightsandratingsscalehavebeencreatedaccordingtotheStrategicAudit
Guide
Exhibit2:IFAS(InternalFactorAnalysisSummary)
Weight
Rating
Weighted
Score
CorporateCulture
0.05
0.10
Strongbrandimage
0.10
0.40
KeyInternalFactors
Strengths
Comments
TomTom'scultureisbasedonthe
ideathatinordertosucceed,
employeesneedtosucceed;
Underlinesdevotiontosocial
responsibilitythroughitsgreen
headquarters.
TomTomhasastrongbrandimage
inamaturingmarketwith
flexiblemarketingthatkeeps
costslowwhilediversifying
intoothersegmentsand
geographicalmarkets.
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
Outstandingcustomer
service
0.10
0.30
StrongResearch&
Development(R&D)
0.15
0.60
StrategicPartnershipsand
Distributors
0.05
0.15
Finance:Revenues,
Profitability&Liquidity
Decline,IncreasedDebt&
Borrowings
0.15
0.45
CostCuttingforR&D&
MarketingExpenditures
0.10
0.20
NoB2CPresence
0.05
0.10
LosingMarketShare
0.15
0.60
OutsourcedDistribution
Model
0.10
0.30
Weaknesses
Seeseffectivecustomer
interactionasessentialto
innovationandrecognizedby
J.D.powerandAssociatesfor
thisin2008.
CentralizingR&Dtocreatescale
economies;TomTomhas
structurallyandstrategically
investedinR&Dandacquired
severalpatentstoprotect
itselfagainstcompetitorsand
strategicallyplacedtogain
firstmoveradvantage.
Supplychainisoutsourcedwhich
decreasesCapEx;thecompany
alsohasstrongpartnerships
withRenaultandAvisto
increaseitsmarketpresence.
Duetomaturingmarket,the
strategyofcompetingonprice
andtheacquisitionofTele
Atlaswhichwasfundedbycash,
releaseofnewshares,longterm
debtandborrowings.
Reducingstaffcouldhinder
innovationandmarketshare.
Losesopportunitytoattract
firsttiernoncustomersand
insightfromsecondtiernon
customers.
ToGarmininmarketshareand
customerservice;Seeingashift
intargetcustomersfromearly
adopterstoearlymajorityas
wellasfromsubstitute
products.Asmentionedabove,
costreductionsinmarketing
expenditurescouldalsohinder
marketshare.
Increasesdependencyonthird
parties.
TotalScores
1.00
3.20
*WeightsandratingsscalehavebeencreatedaccordingtotheStrategicAudit
Guide
Exhibit3:StrategicFactorAnalysisSummary(SFAS)
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TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
KeyStrategic
Factors
Weight
Rating
Weighted
Score
Research&
Development
0.30
1.20
International
Expansion
0.25
1.00
Alternate
Navigational
Platforms
0.15
0.60
Maturing
market
0.10
0.50
LosingCore
Product
MarketShare
0.10
0.40
Finance
0.10
0.30
TotalScores
1.00
Duration
Short
term
Intermediate
Long
term
Comments
Technology
inthis
industryis
evolving
rapidly.
Developing
markets.
New
hardware
and
software
for
convergent
products.
Strongas
European
andU.S.
marketsare
maturing.
Lossin
revenuesin
core
segment:
PNDs.
Declining
salesand
increased
debtdueto
major
acquisition
forTele
Atlas.
4.00
*WeightsandratingsscalehavebeencreatedaccordingtotheStrategicAudit
Guide
Exhibit4:EvaluationandControl
Strategic
Factor
Research&
ActionPlan
Investmore
Priority
System
(15)
1
Whowill
implement?
Mark
Whowill
review?
Peter
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How
often
review?
quarter
What
Criteria
Reviewed
?(EPS,
Quality)
Create
CASE28
TomTom:NewCompetitionEverywhere!
Development
resourcesto
developtonew
products
Gretton,
Hardware
TeamHead;
Software
TeamHead
Internation
al
Expansion
Business
developmentin
othercountries
Anne
Louise
Hanstad,
Marketing
Head
Alternate
Navigationa
lPlatforms
Maturing
Market
Business
developmentvia
strategic
partnerships
Reducecost
structurewhere
appropriateand
develop
differentiation
strategy
LosingCore
Product
Market
Share
Develop
differentiation
strategy;develop
algorithmsfor
otherindustries
Finance
Reducecosts,
spinningofflow
marginproducts
Frans
Pauwels
and
Pieter
Geelan,
founders
Corinne
Vigreaux
,
Managing
Director
Anne
Louise
Hanstad,
Marketing
Head
Corinne
Vigreaux
,
Managing
Director
Anne
Louise
Hanstad,
Marketing
Head;Mark
Gretton,
Hardware
TeamHead;
Software
TeamHead
Harold
Goddijn,
4th
partner,
former
CEOof
Psion
ly
new
products
for
markets
across
industry
quarter
ly
Revenue
growth
innew
markets
quarter
ly
New
partners
hips,
revenues
and
margins
gained
fromnew
partners
hips
monthly
Increase
in
market
share
relative
to
competit
ors
Alexander
Ribbink,
New
Product
Sales
Head;
Software
TeamHead
Harold
Goddijn,
4th
partner,
former
CEOof
Psion
monthly
Sustain
current
market
share
levels;
create
new
products
inother
industri
es
Finance
Head
Corinne
Vigreaux
,
Managing
Director
quarter
ly
Increase
in
profit
margins
*WeightsandratingsscalehavebeencreatedaccordingtotheStrategicAudit
Guide
X.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
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