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A TARGET TRAINING PUBLICATION

WRITING
EMAILS
THAT
PEOPLE
READ
SWEETEN YOUR EMAILS
WITH SUGAR

WRITING EMAILS THAT PEOPLE READ

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ABOUT TARGET TRAINING


THE IN-HOUSE TRAINING SPECIALISTS
Since 1994, our multinational and NGO clients across Europe have
been relying on us to develop their ability to do business
internationally.
We offer training and consulting services in the areas of:

BUSINESS ENGLISH
SOFT SKILLS
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
HYBRID SOLUTIONS
Whether it be single seminars or multi-location roll-outs, we provide
practical, transferable training solutions.
Our managed training services support & lighten the administrative
load for our clients.

Recommended by
100% OF ASKED CUSTOMERS

WRITING EMAILS THAT PEOPLE READ

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ABOUT THIS E-BOOK


e-mail, email, Email, eMail, EMAIL, E-mail or just plain
mail?
Since its earliest incarnation in the 1960s, email has come to dominate business

This E-book is for all of us whove sent and received emails which means ALL
OF US. It combines the thoughts, ideas and experience of our trainers and our
clients. Through simple, practical tips, and the easy to remember SUGAR
model, this E-book will help you to improve your emails. Follow the advice and
your emails will actually get read, be easily understood, wont annoy people,

communication. A recent study in 2014 concluded that the majority of email


traffic comes from the business world and that over 108.7 billion emails are

and wont take up too much of your readers time.

sent and received per day. Despite recent challenges from social media, email

Sounds good, doesnt it?

continues to grow as the #1 form of communication in business.

No national school system teaches children


how to write effective emails, and few
colleges or universities do either. Writing
effective emails is a skill and like many
skills its learnable and trainable.
Despite its prevalence, or perhaps because of it, we are still struggling. Were
simply expected to know how to be effective with email after all its part of
everyday business, right? Wrong. We struggle to manage our time due to perpetually-filling inboxes, we receive emails that are confusing or irrelevant, and
worst of all we send them too!

IS THIS E-BOOK FOR YOU?


Yes - unless youve been somewhere very remote for the last 30 years.

WRITING EMAILS THAT PEOPLE READ

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HOW EMAIL HAS


CHANGED OUR LIVES
I was born in 1973. My family got our first computer when I was 12 (a ZX Spectrum 64). My dads office was a room full of friendly secretaries and typists. I
handwrote my essays at university.
I didnt have my first email account until I was 23 years old. I expect that in future
years my son will be stunned that things actually worked without email (they did).
Today, email means we can work from anywhere, instantly communicating with colleagues
and customers. This also means that we can be
expected to react from anywhere, whether it be
early morning, late evening or on holiday. An
AOL survey in 2012 reported that 59% of people
admitted to checking email from the bathroom.
We can share data, images and ideas. We can
work in multinational teams. We can easily do
business with people weve never met. We can

My dads office
was a room full
of friendly secretaries and
typists. I handwrote my essays
at university.

store and retrieve information easily and indefinitely. The downside being that our words can come back to haunt us.
Email has changed our professional and personal lives. For better and for worse.
Scott Levey
Director of Target Training GmbH

THE RADICATI REPORT


A

60 SECOND SUMMARY

WRITING EMAILS THAT PEOPLE READ

To summarize the Radicati


Report, email is the most
commonly used form of
communication in business.
This means that effective
email writing means effective
business communication.

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

121

126

131

136

140

Average no. emails received

85

88

91

95

97

Average no. legitimate emails

75

77

79

83

83

Average no. spam emails

10

11

12

12

14

Average no. emails sent

36

38

40

41

43

BUSINESS EMAIL
Average no. of emails sent/
received per user/day

RADICATI REPORT EXTRACTS


- The total number of worldwide email users, including both business and consumer users, is increasing from over 2.5 billion in 2014 to over 2.8 billion in 2018 (and to
put this in perspective the UN estimated the world population to be 7.18 billion in 2014).
- In 2014, the majority of email traffic comes from the business world, which accounts for over 108.7 billion emails sent and received per day.
- Email use is growing in the business sector and by 2018, business email will account for over 139.4 billion emails sent and received per day.
- Business users send and receive on average 121 emails a day in 2014, and this is expected to grow to 140 emails a day by 2018.
- In 2014, worldwide mobile email users total 1.1 billion. By the end of 2018, worldwide mobile email users are expected to total over 2.2 billion.
- Email remains the most pervasive form of communication in the business world.

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The Radicati report: http://www.radicati.com/?p=10644

EFFECTIVE EMAILING
THE

3 GOLDEN RULES

WRITING EMAILS THAT PEOPLE READ

As the Radicati Groups findings


so clearly demonstrate,
email is a widely used tool
for business communication.
However, and no surprises here,
a 2013 survey by Sendmail, Inc.
found that 64% of working
professionals said email has
caused tension, confusion, or
other negative consequences for
them and their colleagues.

RULE

NEVER SEND AN EMAIL WHEN YOU ARE


EMOTIONAL, TIRED, FRUSTRATED OR ANGRY
Write the whole email if it will make you feel better and help you to get something out of your system - BUT only add the recipients and send it after you have
had space and time to reflect and think about what you are sending.

RULE 2
DONT OVERUSE EMAIL
Email is not always the most effective form of communication. Sometimes,
picking up the phone is faster. Email is great for giving information, sharing
updates or making simple requests. However use the phone if something could
be a sensitive or emotional topic, or if you need to deal with questions that are
likely to need some back-and-forth discussion.

These 3 golden rules are an


excellent starting point
for minimizing this.

RULE 3
DONT OVER COMMUNICATE
How many emails do you receive each day? One of the biggest sources of stress
at work is the sheer volume of emails that people receive. So, before you even
begin writing an email, always take a few seconds and ask yourself: Is this really
necessary? Then ask yourself the same question again before you hit send.

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Sendmail Inc. survey: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sendmail-cppsurvey-64-cite-email-as-source-of-workplace-confusion-resentment-211802791.html

EMAIL PSYCHOLOGY
THE DIFFERENT NEEDS, PRIORITIES AND BEHAVIORS

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When we look at how we send


and receive emails, its
no surprise that emails can
be a source of stress,
frustration and conflict.
Generally speaking,
the sender and the reader have
different needs,
priorities and behaviors.

THE SENDER OFTEN


- believes that their situation is special
- has more information and wants to tell the whole story, explained from
every angle, so that the receiver can understand their point of view
- spends a long time writing the perfect email
- cannot imagine why anyone would not get back to them quickly

THE READER
- is busy, and the email often represents an interruption
- has plans and things to do
- gets a lot of emails
- gets asked questions and favors regularly
- does not mind helping you - if it is fast and easy

TO SUMMARIZE
As the sender your goal is to write an email that will be read, will be easily
understood, will not annoy the receiver, and wont take up too much of the
readers time.

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SUGAR
WHAT MAKES A GOOD BUSINESS EMAIL?

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This acronym will help you to


write good business emails.
The five areas clearly overlap,
and support each other.
Obviously, if your message is
simple it will be easier
to understand. And, if
your message is goal-oriented
it will have a higher chance of
being relevant and appropriate
to your readers needs.
Youll notice these key points
being repeated throughout
this ebook.

S
U
G
A
R

IMPLE
NDERSTANDABLE

OAL-ORIENTED

PPROPRIATE

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ELEVANT

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Simple means keeping your


email clear and short. Sounds
simple, doesnt it?
If you need to cover more than 3
points, maybe its time to revisit
rule 2: Dont overuse email.
Would a phone call be more
effective? Perhaps followed up
with a summary email later on?

SIMPLE EMAILS USE SIMPLE LANGUAGE


Write like you talk, using conversational English. Be authentic and realistic and use
your real voice it makes you more human, more approachable and easier to
understand.

SIMPLE EMAILS DONT HAVE TOO MANY POINTS


As a rough guideline, 1-3 main points per email is fine.

SIMPLE EMAILS HAVE SHORT SENTENCES


Around 20 words or less is a good guideline - but this isnt a strict rule!

Keep in mind the well-known


KISS model: Keep it short
and simple!

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SIMPLE EMAILS HELP THE READER


Use paragraphs, spacing, bullets, numbering and headings to help your reader.
Sounds simple, but too many people send blocks of text especially when
sending from mobile devices.

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WHAT IF I HAVE LOTS


OF POINTS TO COVER?

KEEP IT
SHORT
AND
SIMPLE

CONSIDER WRITING MORE


THAN ONE EMAIL
If you need to cover more than 3 main points,
consider writing more than one email This will
ensure your message is clear, that each email is
simple to understand, and it helps your reader
to reply to one topic at a time.

ASK YOURSELF
Do you prefer more emails with a few main points in each email? Or would you
rather have fewer but longer, more complex emails? Obviously its important to
find balance here. Just as you dont want to send somebody a complex email with
too many items, you also dont want to overload someone with too many emails.

ASK THE READER


If you are often in contact with somebody (a colleague, a customer etc), why not
ask them how (and when) they prefer emails? Likewise, if you are the reader then
why not share your preferences with the people who regularly send you emails.

STRUCTURE YOUR EMAIL


Keep it simple by using paragraphs, numbering, bullet points and headings. This
means that your reader will find it easier to read the email plus can address points
by number/name.
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Making your emails


understandable starts with
having an easy to follow
structure. This section will cover
the basics of structuring your
email and then look at two key
behaviors you can focus on.

Business emails have 3 parts:


a beginning (introduction), middle
(body) and an end (conclusion).

BEGIN WITH AN EFFECTIVE INTRODUCTION


Start with a greeting this really makes a difference. It could be formal
(Dear Ms.), Informal (Hello, Good afternoon), or if you know the reader well
something as simple as Hi.

PUT YOUR BOTTOM LINE UP FRONT


Your opening paragraph must clearly contain your reason for writing. This helps
your reader save time and makes it immediately clear to the reader what you
want. Depending on the nature of your relationship, the opening paragraph:

IS A GREAT PLACE FOR A FRIENDLY OR TOPICAL


GREETING
- I hope the project is going well
- It was a pleasure to finally meet you last week
- Hope you had a relaxing weekend

SETS THE SCENE

/ CONTEXT OF YOUR EMAIL

- Further to our conference call last week


- Im writing regarding the problems weve run into since our last contact

IS A PLACE FOR YOU TO INTRODUCE YOURSELF, IF THE


READER DOESNT KNOW YOU
- My name is and I was given your name by Sebastien Blanc
- Im contacting you to inquire about ...
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Share your reason for writing


quickly. By January 2014,
41%of emails were being
opened on mobile devices.
However very few senders are
taking this into account when
writing their emails. Readers
are opening and scanning
emails on the go, and dont want
to scroll to find the main point.

MAKE THE MIDDLE MATTER


WRITING A CLEAR AND SIMPLE BODY
The most important thing to remember here is to give your reader the information
they need to take whatever action youre asking of them. Share this information
in a logical, cohesive way. Limit the main points, and use paragraphs, numbering
and bullets to help your reader understand your message.

END CLEARLY
THE IMPORTANCE OF SIMPLE CONCLUSIONS
Emails are best kept short. Your conclusion doesnt need to recap and summarize
your body. Instead you should make sure any action steps are clear. If youre suggesting a meeting, propose a date and time. If youre requesting information for a
project, make sure you explain what you need, why you need it and by when you
need it. And, if youre just sharing information, remind your reader that he or she
is welcome to ask any questions.

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TWO KEY
BEHAVIORS WHICH
WILL MAKE SURE YOUR
EMAILS ARE EASY TO
UNDERSTAND

SLOW DOWN
EMAIL IS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION
TICKED OFF

NOT A TASK TO BE

If you are sure that email is the best way of communicating (see rule 2) and that
the reader really needs this information (see rule 3), then you need to slow down
and take the time required. You need to collect your thoughts, to decide what
you want to say, and then it takes time to write your email. By taking the time
now, you will definitely save time later on.

REREAD
BEFORE YOU HIT SEND
Get into the habit of taking a moment to review your email. Pay careful attention
to the length of your email. Make sure that your email is as short as possible,
without excluding necessary information. Use the SUGAR checklist at the back of
this E-book to help you.

Do not type the email address(es)


in the To box until you have
reread your email!

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The Radicati report concluded


that in 2014, business users
send and receive on average
121 emails a day. With these sort
of numbers flying through our
inboxes, as readers we hope that
the sender knows why they are
writing. Because we want to
know why they are writing.

THINK BEFORE YOU INK


Most of us know roughly what we want when we start writing but we dont
take enough time to clearly think it through. Try writing down keywords or
headings before you start writing the email.

WHATS THE PURPOSE, IN

14 WORDS

Before you start writing your email, you should be able to say your purpose out
loud in a simple sentence with 14 words or less.

BLUF: BOTTOM LINE UP FRONT


As the sender you need to make
your emails are goal-oriented.
You should know why you are
writing before you start writing.

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Your opening must clearly contain your reason for writing. Your main point
should be in your opening sentence. This helps your reader save time and makes it
immediately clear to the reader what you want. Putting your bottom line up front
(BLUF) is best practice.

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The email subject line is where


writing effective emails begins.
It is the first thing that
your reader sees, and plays
a key part in whether they open
the email immediately,
later or not at all. Its also likely
that your readers inbox is very
full, so a good subject line helps
the reader determine the
priority of your email.

WRITE YOUR SUBJECT LINE FIRST


We either just hit reply, forward or even write nothing at all in the subject line.
An email with a blank subject line isnt going to get the attention it deserves,
may go unread and will certainly be difficult to find later on.

KEEP YOUR SUBJECT LINE SIMPLE


Be clear, simple and honest. This helps your reader prioritize the emails
importance without having to open it. It also helps you to build trust with your
reader, as youll quickly be seen as somebody who is clear, open and
reader-oriented.

USE OBVIOUS KEY WORDS AT THE BEGINNING


A typical inbox reveals about 60-70 characters of an emails subject line. HOW-

A well-written subject line


delivers the most important
information, without the reader
even having to open the email.

EVER today more than 50% of emails are read on mobile devices. This means
youve got 20-30 characters to get it right. Place the most important words at the
beginning!

DONT CRY WOLF


Think carefully about how often you want to use words such as URGENT, NEED
HELP, PRIORITY etc. If you use them too often in your subject lines, you should be
prepared that when you really need to draw attention to your email, your reader
wont be interested.

REREAD THE SUBJECT LINE


Before you send your email, check that your subject line accurately reflects what

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you wrote, that the key words are upfront and your subject line will be easily
searchable.

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Considering who you are


communicating with, and the
situation at a whole, is at the
heart of all effective
communication.
Remember that 64% of
professionals said email has
caused tension, confusion, or
other negative consequences for
them and their colleagues.

The key challenge here is getting


the right tone (tone means the way
your writing sounds to the
reader). Just because you write
your email in a certain way it
doesnt mean your reader will
automatically understand it in the
same way.
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IS YOUR TONE APPROPRIATE TO


- Your relationship with the reader?
- The situation you are writing about?
- Email as a form of communication?

BE POLITE
Keep in mind that what is seen as polite is highly dependent upon your cultural
background. What may sound polite to one culture may be considered less so by
another. Likewise a polite email, can be misread as being too distant, indirect,
insincere or non-committal. If you arent sure, its better to be polite than not (but
then again Im British so this is culturally biased). If you are reading an email give
the sender the benefit of the doubt before deciding they are being intentionally
rude. This is especially important if one of you is working in a foreign language.

BE CAREFUL WITH HUMOR


Tone is everything when it comes to humor. In particular, irony and sarcastic
humor just doesnt work in emails.

BE AWARE OF THE LANGUAGE YOU ARE USING


- Unless you're on good terms with someone avoid slang
- Be careful about using jargon, abbreviations and acronyms
- If you are a native English speaker writing to non-native speakers be
aware of the problems that expressions (idioms) and phrasal verbs ( take
up, take over, etc) can cause. Avoid them when possible. Keep your
language as simple and clear as possible

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Email is quick, efficient, and


you dont have to wait around for
the other person to have time for
you. You can just get on with your
job whats the problem?

The problem is that this


isolation means that we can no
longer rely on valuable nonverbal information like facial
expression, body posture,
gestures, and voice tone to
interpret and predict other
peoples behavior. It means that
you are writing your email and
hoping that the reader will
understand it in the same way you
meant it.

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ACCEPT THAT EMAILS ALWAYS HAVE A TONE


Tone means the way your writing sounds to the reader. Writing your email a
certain way doesnt mean that your reader will automatically understand it that
way. Your reader will remember the emotional tone of an email much longer and
more vividly than the content.

DECIDE HOW FORMAL YOU WANT TO BE


Because we send and receive so many emails we tend to think that emails can be
less formal than traditional letters. The way you write can be seen as a reflection
of your own professionalism, intelligence, values, and attention to detail.

SOME MESSAGES NEED NON-VERBAL CUES


We fill in the blanks when we arent sure what the person sending the message
intended. Strangely enough we generally dont fill in the blanks with positive
intentions. In fact, studies show we generally assume the worst. This can lead to
misunderstanding, frustration, damaged relationships, and poor business
decisions. Scary, isnt it? Remember rule 2; Dont overuse email.

REMEMBER THAT YOUR READER MAY NOT BE IN


THE SAME MOOD AS YOU
Try to think about how the reader could interpret it. If you think theres a chance
your intentions or emotions could be misunderstood, find a less ambiguous way
to phrase your words. Then rewrite any sentences which you think may be
potential problems or pick up the phone.

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Getting the tone right in an email


is one of the hardest things to do.
If youre writing in a foreign
language its even harder.

If you are not sure about the tone


of an email you are sending, have
someone else read it and give you
feedback before you send it. If no
one else is available, save the
email in your draft folder and
come back and re-read it later.

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TAKE THE TIME THE EMAIL DESERVES


Spend time thinking about your choice of words, sentence length, punctuation,
letter case, sentence length, opening, closing and capitalization.

BE CAREFUL WHEN USING CC'S AND BCC'S


People can interpret them in different ways and read meaning into who was and
was not copied.

KEEP IN MIND
- DONT TYPE IN ALL CAPS EVER! Its the same as SHOUTING at
somebody.
- Dont overuse punctuation!!!!!!
- Be cautious about using bold, underlining and color.

MOST IMPORTANTLY
See rule 2; Dont overuse email. Know when to pick up the phone or meet
face-to-face to discuss an issue.

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If tone is important, then phone!


A 2005 study by two
psychologists ( Kruger & Epley)
found that people are consistently better at interpreting tone
in vocal messages rather than
text-based ones. So much so, that
the chance of interpreting the
correct tone in an email is only
56% - just slightly better
than tossing a coin!

IN ONE EXPERIMENT, THE RESEARCHERS TESTED


30 PAIRS OF STUDENTS
Each participant received a list of 20 statements about day to day topics. One
member of each pair read their statements into a recorder, taking either a sarcastic or serious tone. The other member emailed the statements. The participants
also noted whether they thought their partners would correctly interpret each
statement's tone. The participants then listened to or read their partners' statements, guessed the intended tone and indicated how confident they were in their
answers.

BOTH GROUPS PREDICTED ABOUT A


SUCCESS RATE

78%

Both the emailers and those who recorded their messages were highly confident
that their partners would correctly detect their tone. The partners got the tone

So what does this mean?


Well, perhaps just pick up the
phone, says Epley: "E-mail is fine
if you just want to communicate
content, but not any
emotional material."
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correct for recorded messages about 75% of the time. The partners who read the
statements over email only a 56% success rate.

THE PARTICIPANTS WHO RECEIVED THE MESSAGES WERE NO BETTER AT PREDICTING THEIR
OWN SUCCESS!
Both the listeners and the readers guessed that they had correctly interpreted the
message's tone 90 percent of the time.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology


(Vol. 89, No. 5, pages 925-936)

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WRITING EMAILS THAT PEOPLE READ

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The Radicati Group


estimate that Business users
send and receive on average 121
emails a day in 2014, and this is
expected to grow to 140 emails a
day by 2018.

Rule 3; Dont over communicate:


One of the biggest sources of
stress at work is the sheer volume
of emails that people receive.
So, before you even begin writing
an email, always take a few
seconds and ask yourself:
"Is this really relevant?".

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RELEVANT MEANS:
- You know why you are sending this email to this reader
- You know why you are copying each person into this email
- Your reader knows why they are receiving / being copied into this email
- Youve kept to the main points
- Your email is as short as possible and as long as necessary
- The right information is included, and the information is correct
- Youve used attachments for detailed information, helping your reader to
understand the main points in the email quickly and allowing them to look
at the details at a more convenient time.

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THE SUGAR
CHECKLIST FOR
WRITING EMAILS
THAT PEOPLE WANT
TO READ

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S
U
G
A
R

IMPLE
- Is my language simple?
- Do I have too many main points?
- Are my sentences short?
- Would paragraphs, spacing, numbering and headings help?

NDERSTANDABLE
- Do I have a beginning, middle and end?
- Does my beginning contain my reason for writing?
- Does my end make the action points clear?
- Do I have a greeting and goodbye?

OAL-ORIENTED
- Do I know why Im writing this email?
- Is my subject line strong and clear enough?
- Am I sharing my reason for writing at the very beginning?

PPROPRIATE
- Is my language appropriate to my reader?
- Am I clear how formal and polite I should be?
- Have I checked the tone? Have I double-checked the tone?
- Should I just pick up the phone?

ELEVANT
- Do I know why Im sending this email to this person?
- Will this person understand why they are receiving this email?
- Is the right amount of information included (content and context)?
- Are my attachments useful and relevant?

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FURTHER LEARNING
ON OUR BLOG
Our blog, TRAINING BUSINESS, has numerous posts
with tips and tricks on emailing.

WRITING SKILLS POCKETBOOK


Stella Collins and Beth Curl (2012) / Management pocketbooks

BRILLIANT EMAIL:
HOW TO WIN BACK TIME AND INCREASE YOUR PRODUCTIVITY
Dr Monica Steeley (2010) / Prentice Hall

MODEL BUSINESS LETTERS, EMAILS


AND OTHER BUSINESS DOCUMENTS
Shirley Taylor (2012) / Financial Times/ Prentice Hall

BETTER BUSINESS ENGLISH


HOW TO WRITE EFFECTIVE BUSINESS ENGLISH:
THE ESSENTIAL TOOLKIT FOR COMPOSING POWERFUL LETTERS,
EMAILS AND MORE, FOR TODAYS BUSINESS NEEDS
Fiona Talbot, (2009 ) / Kogan Page

EMAIL AND LETTER WRITING


(SIMPLE TOOLS FOR BUSY PEOPLE SERIES)
Anne McDougall (2013) / Createspace
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ENGLISH FOR EMAILS


(EXPRESS SERIES)
Rebcecca Chapman (2007) / Oxford University Press
A holistic look at basic email writing for low-intermediate learners, this book can
be used for self-study and comes with a CD-ROM. Topics covered include making
arrangements, formal vs. informal language and asking for information.

EMAIL ENGLISH
Paul Emmerson (2013) / Macmillan
This book takes upper-intermediate learners through the nuts and bolts of email
writing. There is a lot of work on error correction and practice of typical functional
phrases. Areas covered include punctuation and spelling, asking for payment, arranging meetings and making complaints. There are a lot of good controlled practice activities here, but this means the book can be very dry. A good tip is only to
look at the chapters that are useful for you, rather than working through everything step-by-step.

WRITING
(COLLINS ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS)
Nick Brieger (2011) / Collins
Aimed at higher-level learners (B1 - C2), this self-study book looks at the writing
process itself and has lots of good tips on structuring your writing and writing for
your audience. There are models of good practice and practice tasks (including
email writing) in the final chapters.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS


This E-book was made with contributions
from the following people
Sebastian Turnbull

Jane Davies

A former lawyer, Sebastian has nine years of experience in


developing and delivering customized, participant-centered

Jane has twenty years experience in training, management


and IT. Her broad background allows her to adapt her

language and skills training. His clients include finance, IT,


logistics and engineering firms.

training to the needs of the individual, ensuring participants


gain the tools they need for their jobs.

Chris Slattery

Scott Levey

Chris enthusiastically believes that training is primarily an


investment in improved performance. Training must help

Scott works primarily with managers and executives. His


approach to training is experiential and reflective, believing

people to do their jobs better. Making it enjoyable helps.


Making it effective is the essence.

that placing learners at the heart of their training secures


concrete results and makes a real difference.

Nathan Wale
Nathans approach to training focuses on the learners
real-world needs and encourages participation. He uses his
own extensive experience in marketing and management to
ensure the training is business-world relevant.

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Martin Wheeler
Martin has ten years of experience in training Business
English. He believes confidence is a key factor for
communication success. His training is focused on
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