Question 1

(a) What are the factors to be considered during site establishment process?
Main Factors to be considered during the Site Establishment Process
Public protection and Construction Staff safety
Logistics in built up areas (CBD)
Traffic Management
Industrial Relations
Approvals from Melbourne City Council, Department of
Telecommunication, Gas, Electricity, Road and Traffic Authorities, Water
Corporations, etc
Insurance
Funding Approvals and allocations
Environmental protection, erosion control and sedimentation control.
Other related Issues

(b) Planning process for the excavation in a construction site is carried out
based on the 4P procedure. Explain this procedure
??
(c) It is proposed to build a multi-storeyed (8 levels) building at Victoria
University Footscray Park Campus. The estimated time for construction is
approximately 18 months. As you are the project manager of this site, list
out the required facilities and services for operating the construction
activities efficiently and sketch a suitable construction layout plan in the
space given below.
Easy question and it will be answered by tomorrow !

Question 2
(a) Give three main function of construction equipment?
Replaces manual operation, particularly the heavy tasks; maintaining
production where labour is scarce or too expensive to employ
Reduces material wastage
Improves the quality of the final product
Contributes to rapid and timely construction
Enables to carryout large number of tasks simultaneously
Assists to carry out very complicated, difficult, tedious and risky jobs safely
(b) What are the two main categories of excavating equipment available in
the marke? Give examples ( Types of equipment each )
Fixed-position excavating equipment:
Face shovel, Backacter (Backhoe), Skimmer, Dragline and Grab
Moving excavating equipment:
Loader shovel, Bulldozers, Grader, Scraper, Trencher and Wheeled
Backhoe-bucket Loader

(c) List four (4) factors influencing the selection of excavation machinery for
an underground excavation job in the CBD area of Melbourne
The nature of the excavation to be performed;
The type of soil to be excavated;
The distance which the excavated soil must be carried to transport
The condition and gradients of the site;
The productivity of the site work (The cost of renting excavating plant is
very high. They should not be idle or only partly worked.)
(d) Give six (6) strategies of reducing risks of accidents in construction sites

Health and Safety culture and attitudes

Introduction of the new healthy and safety regulations AS4801:2001
Erroneous assumption on construction OH&S
Typical potential health and safety problems on construction sites
Personal Protective Equipment
Strategies to improving construction

(e) List six E strategies that you would take to implement occupational
health and safety on a construction job.
Engineering improvements to work practices, process, procedures,
environment, guarding, etc.
Education introductions to improve skills, attitudes, etc.
Employment Practices selection of personnel, re- training;

 Example Setting leading by good example;

Enthusiasm Giving enthusiastic leads, acknowledging safety
achievement;
Enforcement Demanding safety standards met.

Question 3
(a) List out a detailed a checklist for inspecting the quality and the
precision of concerting (Mixing, placing, compaction, levelling and
curing), reinforcement work and framework in a high-rising building
(b) By using Clear sketches, explain the difference between pre-tensioned
concrete and post-tensioned concrete process.
Check Lecture 9 Page 18

(c) Give advantages and disadvantages of pre-stressed concrete

construction(three 3 each)
Advantages:
1. Reduction in shear stresses.
2. Individual units can be joined together to act as a single member.
3. Makes full use of the inherent compressive strength of concrete.
Disadvantages:
1. High degree of control of materials, design and workmanship is
required.
2. Special alloy steels are dearer than mild steels.
3. Extra cost of special equipment required to carry out stressing
activities.

(d) Explain the procedure of prestressing technique when used in

formation of ground anchors using a suitable engineering sketch
A ground anchor is basically a prestressing tendon embedded and
anchored into the soil to provide resistance to structural movement of
a member by acting on a 'tying back' principle.
Figure in page 29 Lecture 9 (Not sure about it)
(e) What is precast concrete? Give four (4) advantages of using this
technology on a high-rising building in Melbourne CBD.
Precast Concrete is:
Concrete which is cast in one place for use elsewhere.
Mostly produced by specialist suppliers in specifically designed
precast facilities.
Also covers elements that are cast close to their final position. (eg.
Tunnel Segments, Large Components, Tilt-Up Panels)
Advantages:
Fixed price for the product.
Low maintenance, durable, fire resistant, rot proof, rust proof, fungus proof
and mildew resistant.
Available in a variety of colours and finishes.
Freedom of design.
Rapid placement of the precast units.
(f) What is tilt-up concrete construction method? List the main stages
involved in this process of construction.

Tilt-Up Construction is a fast, economical and safe method of construction

and is now widely used in Australia -and not just for industrial buildings;
the variety of uses is almost endless.
Process (Not sure, check Lecture 4 week 10 page 52)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Tilt up building
Notice to proceed
Structural steel-shop drawings
Footing/foundations
Elec and plumbing underground
Slab on grade
Form/ pour / erect tilt-up wall
Structural steel-erect
Roofing

Question 4
(a) By using clear sketches, briefly explain the six (6) modes of trench
failures.
Week 11 page 4, 5 and 6
(b) What is the main difference between shoring and trench shielding?
Trench shielding is different from shoring in that it is intended primarily to
protect workers from cave-ins and similar incidents.
(c) What is meant by wellpoint dewatering? Briefly explain this method
using a sketch.
The system consists of small wells called wellpoints installed around
the excavation and connected to a manifold or riser pipe" which is
connected to a wellpoint pump. This wellpoint pump is designed to
handle the water as well as entrained gases found in the water. (Not
sure)
(d) Give four (4) deep support systems and explain briefly how they are
applied in the construction field.
1. Diaphragm walls: can be used in most ground conditions to construct
deep basements and underground tanks
2. Pile walls (Contiguous, Tangent or Secant)
3. Soldier pile with wooden lagging walls
4. Sheet pile walls
(e) What factors should be considered by a contractor when planning
the formwork requirement for a construction site
Placing schedule and stripping time requirements
Capacity of equipment available to handle form sections and materials
Capacity of mixing and placing equipment
Construction joints
Reuse of forms as affected by stripping time
Relative merits of job-built, shop-built and ready-made forms.
Weather (protection requirements and stripping time)
Compare alternative methods to determine the most efficient plan
(f) What is the main difference between putlog and independent
scaffolding types?