4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE 2015)

IGEE, Boumerdes, December 13th -15th, 2015

Wind energy fuzzy power system stabilizer

AbstractA fuzzy power system stabilizer (FPSS) for a wind
turbine employing a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is
presented. The PSS signal is added at the interface of the DFIG
controller and the converter, facilitating its application and
implementation on any basic DFIG control scheme. The
conventional design of PSS was carried out using a linearized
model around the nominal operating point of the plant, which is
naturally nonlinear. This limits the PSS performance and
robustness. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new
design using a fuzzy logic.
The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The system response is less oscillatory with a shorter transient
time. The study was extended to faulty power plants.
Keywords Wind generation, Power Stability, Doubly FedInduction Generator (DFIG) control, fuzzy logic control, FPSS.
Introduction

Large-scale integration of wind power into power networks

is anticipated in the future. However, as wind turbine technology
differs significantly from that employed by conventional
generating plant based on synchronous generators, the dynamic
characteristics of the electrical power network may be
drastically changed and the requirements for network control
and operation may also be different [1].
In future, it is expected that many large wind turbines
(installed either offshore or onshore) will operate at variable
speed using Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) [2]-[3].
However, DFIG controllers discussed in the open literature have
focused, mainly, on optimizing the operation of the DFIG
turbine itself. A control strategy is presented which enables
DFIG-based wind farms to participate in voltage control and
network damping, in the presence of a disturbance. The
implementation of a PSS for a DFIG is also presented. The
capabilities and contributions of this DFIG controller to network
transient and dynamic stability are illustrated by simulation
studies conducted in MATLAB Simulink.
A PSS provides an auxiliary input signal to the excitation
system of a generator in order to improve power system dynamic
performance by damping power system.
Many Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) are
equipped with a conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS)
to improve the dynamic performance of a power system [4]-[5][6]. The parameters of a classical PSS (CPSS) are determined
based on a linearized model of the power system around its
nominal operating point. Since power systems are highly
nonlinear with time varying configurations and parameters, the
CPSS design cannot guarantee good performance in many
practical situations.
To improve the performance of CPSS, we propose to use the
processing capabilities of artificial intelligence techniques,
namely fuzzy logic (FPSS).

1.

DFIG control scheme

2.2.Generic DFIG control

Manipulation of the voltage applied to the rotor permits
control over the power output and terminal voltage of the
generator. The DFIG is controlled through direct and
quadrature axes (dq axes), which form a reference frame that
rotates synchronously with the stator flux vector.
The control philosophy adopted is to employ the adjustment
of the magnitude d-axis component of the rotor voltage vector,
Vdr, for the control of terminal voltage and the adjustment of its
q-axis component, Vqr, for the control of electrical power
(Fig.3).
The inputs to the generic DFIG controller are the required
stator voltage, Vs, and output power, Pmes of the generator and
as outputs the controller provides the dq components of the
rotor voltage, Vdr and Vqr .
The DFIG voltage control scheme based on the currentmode methodology is illustrated in Fig.3. In this basic
implementation the difference in magnitude between the
terminal voltage reference, Vsref and the actual terminal voltage,
Vs is manipulated to generate the reference of the
rotor current in the d-axis, Idrref. The reference current, Idrref is
compared with the actual value of the rotor current in the d-axis,
Idr, to generate an error signal, which is then processed by a PI
controller whose output provides the required rotor voltage Vdr.
As shown in Fig.1, given a rotor speed measurement, Wr,
the power-speed characteristic is used to obtain the reference
power, Pref, which after some manipulation generates the
reference current in the q-axis, Iqrref. Comparing the reference
current, Iqrref, to the actual value of the rotor current in the qaxis, Iqr, an error signal is obtained. The required rotor voltage,
Vqr, is then obtained by processing the error signal with a PI
controller.

2015 IEEE

The fuzzy stabilizer receives two inputs ''Ws, Ws'' and

produces a single output ''VFPSS''; with:
Ws = (Ws Wsref) and
Ws = d(Ws)/dt.
Each of these variables is characterized by linguistic values
characterized by membership functions in their universes of
discourses normalized [-1, 1]. Fig.5 shows a block diagram of
the fuzzy stabilizer (FPSS) defining, in general, the steps of
calculations [8]-[9].

2.3.DFIG Power System Stabiliser

LN (large negative), AN (average negative), SN (small

negative), ZR (zero), SP (small positive), AP (average
positive), LP (large positive).
A base of 49 fuzzy rules were designed using our knowledge
about the process dynamics, especially, after the classical PSS
study. The rules are arranged in the form of a table, called
decision table. Each box represents a fuzzy rule. The overall
output of FPSS (fuzzy PSS) VFPSS is obtained using the method
of gravity center.
To design a well optimized FPSS, we proceeded to the
various parameters adjustment by simulation. First, we made
the adjustment of rules consequences. After several attempts,
we developed a decision table I. With the use of membership
functions of Fig.6, we have obtained better results.
Table 1
FPSS control algorithm

The PSS needs to manipulate the magnitude d-axis

component of the rotor voltage vector for the control of terminal
voltage and also to damp the low frequency power
system oscillations. The PSS considered in this paper
employs DFIG stator speed deviation Ws as its measured
input signal. speed deviation is a readily available measurement
and one widely used for the PSSs of synchronous generators.
The output of the PSS is added to the input of voltage regulator,
the PSS signal, in principle, can be applied equally well to any
DFIG controller, provided that the rotor voltage output demand
of the controller is made available in polar, i.e., magnitude and
phase angle form.
The CPSS consists of two phase-lead compensation blocks,
a signal washout block, and a gain block [7]. The block diagram
of the CPSS is shown in Fig.4.
In this work, we propose to use the fuzzy logic for design
PSS applied to the wind turbine employing a doubly fed
induction generator (DFIG )

Fig. 6. Membership Functions of Fuzzy Variable Ws or Ws

2.

Simulation results

The generic network model used in the studies is built in

MATLAB/SIMULINK environment using the power system
Blockset.
The parameters of the machine model used hang the
simulation are:
-The nominal Power : Pn = 1.5 MVA.
-The stator nominal voltage : Vsn =575 V.

The results of Fig.7-8 show the improvement made by the

FPSS in the control system of the wind turbine, compared to the
CPSS. We notice a better damping and reducing response time,
rise time and overshoot.
In order to evaluate the performance of the different PSS in
the presence of defects, let us consider, as an example, a
temporary short circuit (TSC), at t = 1.5s, that lasts 0.1s (time
required for switching the circuit breaker protection).

-The nominal frequency : fn = 60 Hz.

To evaluate the performance of the FPSS, the system
response of the FPSS is compared with the cases where there is
no PSS and with a CPSS in the system.

Fig. 9. Terminal voltage response in the presence of a TSC.

Fig. 7. Terminal voltage response.

Fig. 8. Stator speed

Fig. 10. . Stator speed in the presence of a TSC.

The fault in the network has affected the output voltage and
the stator speed. We also note that the system returns to steady
state with less oscillations and with a shorter time using the
control system with the FPSS, compared to CPSS and also with
the system without PSS.
3.

[6]

Conclusion

This study shows that properly tuned FPSS installed in

DFIG wind power generators provide an efficient way to
increase the damping of electromechanical oscillations. The
effectiveness of the FPSS depends on the existence of adequate
observability and controllability for the selected signals. The
parameters of FPSS should be tuned proved to work well. The
simulation results show the improvement of FPSS compared to
conventional case. FPSS installed in DFIG are, therefore, a
valid option when defining a strategy to increase damping
levels of power systems with large wind power integration.
a.

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