Module:16

Lecture:2
Weobtaintheelementmassmatrix,
T

x x
1
h 1
h h

m
m
dx
x x
0
h h
x 2
1
h
h

0
1 x x
h h

m mass per unit length

x x
1 .
h h
dx
2

x

h

h
h
x2
x
x
m11 m 1 dx m 1 2 2 . dx
h
h
h
0
0
h

x3 x 2
m x 2
h 0
3h
h

mh
m h h
3

3
h
h
x x2
xx
m12 m 1 dx m 2 dx
hh
h h
0
0
h

x 2 x3
m 2
2h 3h 0
h h mh
m
2 3 6
2

x3
mh
x
m22 m dx m
h
3
3h 0
0
h

mh 2 1
6 1 2

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 x
1
d
d h 1 1
Forthestiffnessmatrix,weneed L x L x

dx
dx x h 1
h

Hence,weobtaintheelementstiffnessmatrix
h
EA 1 1
K 2 dx
h 0 1 1
T

h
AE 1 1
2
h 0 1 1

Finally,tocalculatethenodalforcevector,wewrite
x
1
h
f t a bx
dx
0
x
h
h

a
b 2
a b h x h x

dx
a
b 2
0

x x
h
h

1
1

ah bh 2
2

1 ah 1 bh 2
2

3
h

Thedirectioncosinescxandcyforainclinedmemberiaregivenby

Cx

x j xi
h

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Cy

y j yi
h

xi y j yi
2

Thedisplacementvariationinthememberdirection,i.e.rdirectionisgivenby

ur L1u1r L2u2 r

Where,u1randu2rarethedisplacementsofnodesiandjinrdirection.Theaxialdisplacements
canbeexpressedintermsofglobaldisplacementsu1,v1,u2,andv2atthenodesiandj

u1r cxu1 c y v1
u2 r cxu2 c y v2
Substitutingindisplacementequation

ur L1 x cx u1 c y v1 L2 x cx u2 c y v2
L1 x 1

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x
h

&

L2 x

x
1
1
, L1 ' x , L2 ' x
h
h
h

1
ur ' cx u2 c y v2 cx u1 c y v1
h
u1
v

1

cx c y cx c y 1
h
u2
v2

cx

h
AE c y
k 2
cx c y cx c y dx
h 0 cx

c y

cx 2
cx 2 cx c y
cx c y

cy 2
cx c y c y 2

AE cx c y

cx 2
cx c y
L cx 2 c x c y

2
2
c
c
c
c
c
c

y
x y
y
x y

ElementEquilibriumequation:

m e ue k e ue x, t e
GlobalEquilibriumequation
N

me u k u x, t
e 1

ToassembletogetGlobalStiffness,massandloadmatrix

M u K u F t Global equation
StaticEquilibrium

K u f t WithoutB.C.itisasingularsystem.

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