Related Studies Worksheet

URL if needed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059459/

Describe Study
(who, what, when,
where)

The efficiency of lemon (Corymbia citriodora) extract as a Mosquito Repellant

The study was conducted during 1960 in mass screening of plants in Chinese traditional
medicine.
Lenglet A, Arnez AM, Cainero I.

Purpose of Study
(why)

The purpose of the study is to test the efficiency of lemon as a Mosquito Repellant

Findings
Lemon eucalyptus essential oil, comprising 85% citronellal, is used by cosmetic
industries due to its fresh
smell . However, it was discovered that the waste distillate remaining after hydrodistillation of the essential
oil was far more effective at repelling mosquitoes than the essential oil itself. Many plant
extracts and oils
repel mosquitoes, with their effect lasting from several minutes to several hours .Their
active ingredients tend
to be highly volatile, so although they are effective repellents for a short period after
application, they rapidly
evaporate leaving the user unprotected. The exception to this is para-menthane 3, 8
diol, which has a lower
vapour pressure than volatile monoterpines found in most plant oils [and provides very
high protection from
a broad range of insect vectors over several hours , whereas the essential oil is repellent
for around one hour.
PMD is the only plant-based repellent that has been advocated for use in disease
endemic areas by the CDC (
Centres for Disease Control) ,due to its proven clinical efficacy to prevent malaria and is
considered to pose
no risk to human health.

Related Studies Worksheet

URL if needed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059459/
Citronella oil as Mosquito Repellant
Describe Study
(who, what, when,
Curtis CF, Lines JD, Ijumba J, Callaghan A, Hill N, Karimzad MA
where)
Med Vet Entomol.
The study is conducted in order to help the Indian Army to repel mosquitos during their
training or when they
are at the battle field at the beginning of 20 th century and also to create a product that
Purlpose of Study
can help the present
(why)
community with their problem with mosquitos.
Findings
Citronella-based repellents only protect from host-seeking mosquitoes for about two
hours although
formulation of the repellent is very important . Initially, citronella, which contains
citronellal, citronellol,
geraniol, citral, pinene, and limonene, is as effective dose for dose as DEET , but the
oils rapidly evaporate
causing loss of efficacy and leaving the user unprotected. However, by mixing the
essential oil of Cymbopogon
winterianus with a large molecule like vanillin (5%) protection time can be considerable
prolonged by
reducing the release rate of the volatile oil. Recently, the use of nanotechnology has
allowed slower release
rates of oils to be achieved, thus prolonging protection time . Encapsulated citronella oil
nanoemulsion is
prepared by high-pressure homogenization of 2.5% surfactant and 100% glycerol, to

create stable droplets

that increase the retention of the oil and slow down release. The release rate relates well
to the protection
time so that a decrease in release rate can prolong mosquito protection time . Another
means of prolonging
the effect of natural repellents is microencapsulation using gelatin-arabic gum
microcapsules, which
maintained the repellency of citronella up to 30 days on treated fabric stored at room
temperature (22C) The
use of these technologies to enhance the performance of natural repellents may
revolutionize the repellent
market and make plant oils a more viable option for use in long-lasting repellents.

Related Studies Worksheet

URL if needed: https://lemongrassoilip.wordpress.com/
Lemongrass Oil as an alternative Insect Repellent
Describe Study
Catapang, A., Garcia M., Villongco A., Laren D.
(who, what, when,
2015, October 11
where)
Project 8, Quezon City
This study entitled Lemongrass Oil as an alternative Insect Repellent aims to create an
effective repellent
that can be equal to commercially sold ones. The oil is made out of lemongrass, herbs
Purpose of Study
that are easy to grow
(why)
and take care of. Because of the existing insect related diseases, the researchers wanted
to be able to make a
product which is affordable, or can be made by the populace.
Findings
The researchers conducted two trials in making the lemongrass oil. The trials had

performed different
methods and used a different type of oil. The first trial did not produce the strong smell
of lemongrass which
was something the researchers expected from the product. The oil used in the first trial
was olive oil.
While the second trials method of making the product was to soak the lemongrass
stalks inside a jar with
unscented massaging oil and after a week the lemongrass stalks would be removed. The
second trial has
achieved the lemongrass smell. Both products work, but the second trials product was
more efficient. When
the product (second trial) is applied on the skin, most of the insects do not come closer.
Some insects move
close, but immediately flee afterwards.

Colorless.

The strong scent of lemongrass oil is dominant.

Kills cockroaches, insects and mosquitos.

Related Studies Worksheet

URL if needed: http://selftitledasylum.blogspot.com/2011/03/anstor-katol-mosquito-repellent.html
Oregano as major additive for natural katol
Describe Study
(who, what, when,
Abejo A., Susim N., Quebral G.
where)
March 6, 2011
Purpose of Study
The purpose of the study is to have an alternative solution to prevent the different kind
(why)
of diseases that mosquito brings especially dengue fever and not cause another

problem. Make use of the natural resources

of our country to solve common problems caused by mosquitoes, especially dengue.

When we burned the coil, just a few seconds the mosquitoes was no longer flying
around the roo
Burned for 1 hr (45 inch in diameter)
After an hour of continuous exposure to its smoke, neither dizziness nor
coughing was experienced
When we burned the coil, just a few seconds the mosquitoes was no longer flying
around the room
Burned for 1 hr and 30 mins (45 inch in diameter)
After an hour of continuous exposure to its smoke, dizziness and coughing was
experienced

Findings

Related Studies Worksheet

URL if needed: http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2105/1/sushree_thesis.pdf

MOSQUITO REPELLENT FROM BEGUNIA LEAF
Describe Study
Pradhan, S.
(who, what, when,
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA
where)
Purpose of Study
(why)

The purpose of this study is to be able to make a mosquito repellent from Begunia Leaf
that can help others
especially those who are in the rural areas.

Vitex negundo represents a class of herbal drug with very strong conceptual or
traditional base as well as
strong experimental base for its use.
Thus this plant has great potential to be developed as a drug by pharmaceutical
industries.
The essential oil as well as powder is having excellent mosquito repellent properties.
Partial analyses of the constituents are done.
Insect repellent properties of the leaf are also proved.
Findings