IRC, AASHTO Design of Geometrics

IRC Horizontal Geometry Design for Rural (Open) Highways
* (Strictly speaking, up to 2 lanes carriageway this design is alright, however, for more than 2 lanes the R vs e i
Parameters
(Kmph)
VR
emax
(Kmph)
(%)
Description
Design Speed
(120/100/80/65/60/50/40)
Running Speed
Formula /Reference
The designer has to choose

based on the type of road
facility

Exhibit 3-14 of based on the terrain, rainfall,
Green Book 2004
snowfall, amount of low
speed traffic, etc
Values
100
Input Parameters (as marked

)
(%)
Maximum Superelevation
allowable
7.0%
85
bw
W (m)
Width of Roadway rotated as a plane section Adjustment factor for number of equivalent lanes
Maximum Relative
Gradient, which is
(it includes carriageway lanes and paved (say, n =W/3.6) rotated as a plane section (vide Exi
1
dependent on Design speed shoulder, if any, with same cross slope as the
3-31), bw={(1+0.5(n1-1)}/n1
V (vide Ex 3-30)
lanes.
0.44%
0.7571428571
Evaluation of Design Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Design

Sl. No.
Description
(m)
Design Radius
ecal
(%)
Calculated
Superelevation
(%)
Design Superelevation
Formula
V/225R or 7%
whichever is less
Designer's choice
(1)
(2)
(3)
60
80
90
100
120
140
150
160
200
250
260
300
350
400
440
450
500
550
600
650
670
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
10.10%
7.0%
9.88%
7.0%
8.89%
7.0%
8.08%
7.0%
7.41%
7.0%
6.84%
6.8%
6.63%
6.6%
6.35%
6.3%
5.93%
5.9%
5.56%
5.6%
5.23%
5.2%
4.94%
4.9%
4.68%
4.7%
4.44%
4.4%
4.23%
4.2%
4.04%
4.0%
3.86%
3.9%
3.70%
3.7%
3.56%
3.6%
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3.42%
3.4%
3.29%
3.3%
3.17%
3.2%
3.07%
3.1%
2.96%
3.0%
2.87%
2.9%
2.78%
2.8%
2.69%
2.7%
2.61%
2.6%
2.54%
2.5%
2.47%
2.5%
2.40%
2.4%
2.34%
2.3%
2.28%
2.3%
2.22%
2.2%
2.17%
2.2%
2.12%
2.1%
2.07%
2.1%
2.02%
2.0%
1.98%
NC
1.93%
NC
1.89%
NC
1.85%
NC
1.81%
NC
1.78%
NC
1.74%
NC
1.71%
NC
1.68%
NC
1.65%
NC
1.62%
NC
1.59%
NC
1.56%
NC
1.53%
NC
1.51%
NC
1.48%
NC
1.46%
NC
1.43%
NC
1.41%
NC
1.39%
NC
3250
3300
3350
1.37%
NC
1.35%
NC
1.33%
NC
ghways
for more than 2 lanes the R vs e is correct but Lr in (6) and Design Ls in (9) are incorrect
fmax
(%)
Rmin
c
(m)
(%)
Minimum Radius to be
Normal Cross Slope (NC) /
Maximum radial friction
adopted in design of
Hfactor that can be mobilised
Camber
curve
The designer has to choose the
CS/Camber based on the road
surface type and rainfall
intensity (vide table 5 of IRC:
38)
IRC: 73 assumes constant fmax
(=0.15) irrespective of the Design

Speed. However, it is better based on
IRC Guidelines for
Expressway/AASHTO.
438
0.11
2.0%
eff (%)
based on AASHTO
bw
eff (%)
based on IRC
Terrain Type
Maximum Effective Relative
Terrain should be one of the
for Mountainous or steep.
appropriate.
0.58%
0.67%
1 in 172
1 in 150
factor for number of equivalent lanes Maximum Effective Relative Gradient,

following, Plain (P) or Rolling ( R) or
) rotated as a plane section (vide Exihit Gradient,
eff = 1 in 150, for Plain or
Mountainous (M) or Steep (S).
eff = /bw
Enter
the letter in the parenthesis as
-31), bw={(1+0.5(n1-1)}/n1
Rolling terrain, and = 1 in 60
0.7571428571
on (e) vis--vis given Design Radius (R)

fmob
Mobilised Friction factor
Vcheck
(Kmph)
Check for Speed (based on e

and fmax), However, this is not
correct, as fmax is not going to
be mobilised for all radii.
Evaluation of Design
Runoff Length (Lr)
Lr
(m)
Minimum Design Runoff

(which depends on e, W and
eff) based on the equation
Lr = W
* e / eff
(5)
(6)
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
0.1090
100.2915749203
0.1050
101.4248490263
0.0875
106.9111780872
0.0732
112.1293895462
0.0612
117.1153277757
0.0528
121.3463820822
0.0512
122.4922219753
0.0490
124.191160895
0.0457
126.9722191837
0.0429
129.6936561457
0.0403
132.359149455
0.0381
134.97201356
0.0361
137.5352480074
0.0343
140.0515778006
0.0327
142.5234873431
0.0312
144.9532491683
0.0298
147.3429484042
0.0286
149.6945037216
0.0274
152.0096853639
ere, Spiral Curve is not required, the Run-off Length should be used, as given in column (6).
(4)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
75
75
75
75
75
72
72
69
63
60
57
54
51
48
45
45
42
39
39
Whereever Spiral Curve is provided, its length ( LS ) is also equal to the Run-off Length ( Lr ). Where, Spiral Curve is
36
0.0264
154.2901307422
0.0254
156.5373579835
0.0245
158.7527777535
0.0237
160.9377036137
0.0229
163.0933611293
0.0221
165.2208959074
0.0214
167.3213807152
0.0208
169.3958218034
0.0202
171.4451645409
0.0196
173.4702984503
0.0191
175.4720617205
0.0185
177.4512452603
0.0181
179.4085963505
0.0176
181.34482194
0.0171
183.2605916296
0.0167
185.1565403772
0.0163
187.0332709559
0.0160
188.891356193
0.0156
190.7313410125
0.0550
160.3667671309
0.0542
162.1388294025
0.0535
163.8917325554
0.0528
165.6260849021
0.0521
167.3424632303
0.0515
169.0414150438
0.0509
170.7234606022
0.0503
172.3890947827
0.0497
174.03878878
0.0492
175.6729916635
0.0486
177.2921318051
0.0481
178.8966181905
0.0476
180.4868416256
0.0472
182.0631758484
0.0467
183.6259785542
NR
0.0462
185.1755923441
NR
0.0458
186.7123456015
NR
0.0454
188.2365533046
NR
0.0450
189.7485177808
NR
0.0446
191.2485294061
NR
36
36
33
33
33
30
30
30
27
27
27
27
24
24
24
24
24
24
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0.0442
192.7368672569
NR
0.0439
194.2137997157
NR
0.0435
195.6795850364
NR
It is considered that Spiral Transition is not required for "Th

Acceleration (V2/13R)" becomes less than 0.45 m/s2, as th
less that the traffic can comfortably adjust when they directl
Tangent Alignment. Reference can be drawn from page 187 o
absent, of the Run-off is to be provided on Tangent an
Circular Curve.
Terrain Type
C (m/s3)

llowing, Plain (P) or Rolling ( R) or Rate of change of Radial acceleration,
which is derived by the formula, C=80/
Mountainous (M) or Steep (S).
(75+V), in no case it should lie beyond
nter the letter in the parenthesis as
(0.5, 0.8)
appropriate.
0.5
Evaluation of Design Clothoid Spiral Length (LS) for

the design controls given above
LS
LS
(m)
Design
(m)
Clothoid Length
(based on allowable Clothoid Length
introduction of Radial
()
Acceleration ( C)
LS (m)
2.7*V2/R for Plain

Maximum of the
or Rolling, V2/R for values among (6) and
Mountaneous or
(7) rounded up to
Steep
multiple of 5
(7)
(8)
(9)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
61
100
96
60
100
86
54
90
79
49
80
72
45
75
67
42
75
65
40
75
62
39
70
58
36
65
54
34
60
51
32
60
48
30
55
46
28
55
43
27
50
41
26
45
40
25
45
38
23
45
36
23
40
35
22
40
34
21
40
32
20
40
31
19
40
30
19
35
29
18
35
28
17
35
27
17
30
27
16
30
26
16
30
25
15
NR
24
15
NR
24
15
NR
23
14
NR
23
14
NR
22
14
NR
21
13
NR
21
13
NR
20
13
NR
20
12
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ransition is not required for "Those radii" for which the "Radial
omes less than 0.45 m/s2, as the corresponding sideway jerk is so
ortably adjust when they directly enter into a Circular Curve from
e can be drawn from page 187 of AASHTO 2004. Where Spiral is
to be provided on Tangent and remaining would be on the
Calculation of Design Spiral Curve Length (LS) and Design Superelevat

V
(Kmph)
Parameters
Description
Formula
/Reference
Design Speed
{Based on Design Speed (VD), Max

of Traveledway (i/c shoulders) rotated
VR
emax
(Kmph)
Running Speed
(%) fmax
Maximum
superelevation
allowable
(%)
Maximum radial
friction factor
that can be
mobilised
The designer has

The designer has
to choose based Exhibit 3-12 (or
to choose based on Exhibit 3-14 of Green
on the terrain,
3-15) of Green
the type of road
Book 2004
rainfall, snowfall,
Book 2004
facility
etc
Values
100
Input Parameters
(as marked )
7.0%
85
0.12
(%)
W (m)
bw
Maximum Relative Gradient,

which is dependent on Design
speed V (vide Ex 3-30)
Width of Roadway rotated as a plane

section (it includes carriageway lanes
and paved shoulder, if any, with same
cros slope as the lanes
Adjustment factor for number of

equivalent lanes (say, n1=W/3.6)
rotated as a plane section (vide
Exihit 3-31), bw={(1+0.5(n11)}/n1
0.44%
0.725
Evaluation of Design Friction Factor (f), and consequently the Design

Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Design Radius (R)
R
(m)
(e+f)
e
(%)
Design Radius
Formula
Designer's
choice
Case 1 (when R< RPI), f=hPI +

S2{(1/R) - (1/RPI)} + MO*[{(1/Rmin) (1/R)}/L2]2 Case 2 (when R RPI),
f=MO*(RPI/R)2 + (S1/R)
Description
Design value of
summation of
Design
Design Friction factor
Superelevation Superelevation
and Friction factor
(e+f) - f
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
400
NA
NA
420
0.1174891629
0.1874765654
7.0%
450
0.1054245509
0.1749781277
7.0%
500
0.0895724574
0.157480315
6.8%
550
0.0775036218
0.1431639227
6.6%
600
0.0680657369
0.1312335958
6.3%
650
0.0605197003
0.1211387038
6.1%
700
0.0543725918
0.1124859393
5.8%
750
0.0492847199
0.1049868766
5.6%
800
0.0450153569
0.0984251969
5.3%
850
0.041387016
0.0926354794
5.1%
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
0.0382649861
0.0355536381
0.0331796781
0.0310858937
0.0292270392
0.027566909
0.02607622
0.024731057
0.0235117137
0.0224018194
0.0213876712
0.0204577195
0.0196021666
0.0874890639
0.0828843763
0.0787401575
0.0749906262
0.0715819613
0.0684697022
0.0656167979
0.062992126
0.0605693519
0.0583260426
0.0562429696
0.0543035569
0.0524934383
4.9%
4.7%
4.6%
4.4%
4.2%
4.1%
4.0%
3.8%
3.7%
3.6%
3.5%
3.4%
3.3%
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
3300
3350
3400
3450
3500
0.0188126513
0.0180819978
0.0174040162
0.0167733404
0.0161852974
0.0156358003
0.0151212601
0.0146385131
0.0141847606
0.013757518
0.0133545726
0.0129739481
0.0126138736
0.0122727584
0.0119491694
0.0116418128
0.0113495174
0.0110712204
0.0108059557
0.010552843
0.0103110786
0.0100799272
0.0098587152
0.0096468241
0.0094436849
0.0092487738
0.0090616074
0.0088817391
0.0087087556
0.0085422739
0.0083819387
0.0082274199
0.0080784101
0.0079346235
0.007795793
0.0076616698
0.0075320208
0.0074066283
0.0072852882
0.0071678092
0.0508001016
0.0492125984
0.0477213076
0.0463177397
0.0449943757
0.0437445319
0.0425622473
0.0414421881
0.0403795679
0.0393700787
0.0384098329
0.0374953131
0.0366233291
0.0357909807
0.0349956255
0.0342348511
0.03350645
0.032808399
0.0321388398
0.031496063
0.0308784931
0.030284676
0.029713267
0.0291630213
0.0286327845
0.0281214848
0.0276281254
0.0271517784
0.0266915788
0.0262467192
0.0258164451
0.0254000508
0.0249968754
0.0246062992
0.0242277408
0.0238606538
0.0235045246
0.0231588698
0.0228232341
0.0224971879
3.2%
3.1%
3.0%
3.0%
2.9%
2.8%
2.7%
2.7%
2.6%
2.6%
2.5%
2.5%
2.4%
2.4%
2.3%
2.3%
2.2%
2.2%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
1.8%
1.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.7%
1.7%
1.7%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.5%
It is considered that Spiral Transition is not required for radii more than 1700 m for the set of design criteria (nam
that on the tangent alignment maximum superelevation allowed is limited to 2.0% (which is of the design super
minimum Radius (here 1700 m) beyond which Spiral is not required gives rise to a Radial Acceleration =0.45 m
2004. Where Spiral is absent, of the Run-off is to be provided on Tangent and remaining would be on the circ
It is considered that Spiral Transition is not required for radii more than 1700 m for the set of design criteria (nam
that on the tangent alignment maximum superelevation allowed is limited to 2.0% (which is of the design super
minimum Radius (here 1700 m) beyond which Spiral is not required gives rise to a Radial Acceleration =0.45 m
2004. Where Spiral is absent, of the Run-off is to be provided on Tangent and remaining would be on the circ
) and Design Superelevation Runoff (Lr)
Based on Design Speed (VD), Maximum Superelevation (emax) , Maximum Radial Friction Factor (fmax) and w
veledway (i/c shoulders) rotated about the inner edge}
Rmin
(m)
hPI
RPI
(m)
(m)
Minimum Radius
Vide Exhibit 3- Vide Exhibit 3to be adopted in
18
18
design of H-curve
S2
S1
(%)
Slope of the f
distribution
curve at
Radius=
L1
(%)
(Curvature)
Slope of the f
distribution curve Vide Exhibit 3-18
at Radius=Rmin
Exhibit 3-18 Page 160

and page 160 of
S2 =
AASHTO 2004
(f -h ) /
max
414
813
bw
0.02689
PI
( S1=hPI * RPI )
[(1/Rmin) (1/RPI)]
21.8503937
78.74016
L1=1/RPI
0.00123
eff (%)
ustment factor for number of

ivalent lanes (say, n1=W/3.6) Maximum Effective Relative
Gradient, which is derived by the
ated as a plane section (vide formula (vide Ex 3-31)
xihit 3-31), bw={(1+0.5(n1eff = /bw
1)}/n1
0.61%
0.725
Runoff Length (Lr)
Lr
(m)
Evaluation of Design Clothoid Spiral Length (LS) for the

design controls given above
LS
LS,max
LS,min
(m)
(m)
(m)

Lr = W *
e / eff
Clothoid
Length (based Clothoid Length Clothoid Length
on allowable
(based on
(based on
introduction of minimum shift
maximum shift
Radial
(Smin)=0.2 m.)
(Smax)=1.0 m.)
Acceleration,
3
C= 0.5 m/s )
0.0215* V /
(R*C)
(24*R*Smin)
(24*R*Smax)
Refer equation 3Refer equation Refer equation 330 of AASTHO,

28
of
AASTHO,
3-29 of
2004
2004
AASTHO, 2004
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
93
103
45
100
93
96
46
104
90
86
49
110
87
79
51
115
84
72
54
120
81
67
56
125
78
62
58
130
75
58
60
134
72
54
62
139
69
51
64
143
66
63
63
60
57
54
54
51
51
48
48
45
45
48
46
43
41
40
38
36
35
34
32
31
30
29
66
68
69
71
73
74
76
77
79
80
82
83
85
147
151
155
159
162
166
170
173
177
180
183
187
190
45
42
42
39
39
39
39
36
36
36
36
33
33
33
33
30
30
30
30
30
30
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
21
21
21
28
27
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
22
21
21
20
20
20
19
19
18
18
18
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
86
88
89
90
92
93
94
95
97
98
99
100
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
193
196
199
202
205
208
211
214
216
219
222
224
227
230
232
235
237
240
242
245
247
250
252
255
257
259
262
264
266
268
271
273
275
277
279
281
284
286
288
290
0 m for the set of design criteria (namely, Speed 100 Kmph, emax=7.0%). This consideration is based on the premise
o 2.0% (which is of the design superelevation of 3% for R=1700). Incidentally, for the set of design criteria and the
ise to a Radial Acceleration =0.45 m/s2 which is much below the comfort value specied in page 187 of AASHTO
t and remaining would be on the circular curve.
Design
Radius
Design Spiral
670
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
125
125
125
120
110
105
100
95
90
85
NR
NR
0.4538852578
Friction Factor (fmax) and width

L2
MO
(Curvature)
(m)
Vide Exhibit 3-18
Middle Ordinate
of the f
distribution curve
(unsymmetrical
parabola)
L2=1/Rmin -1/RPI
[L1*L2*(S2
-S1)] /
[2*(L1+L2)]
0.00118
0.01715261
piral Length (LS) for the

en above
Design LS
(m)
Based on
column (6),
but in no case
greater than
the values in
column (8)
(9)
NA
110
100
100
95
90
85
85
80
75
75
70
70
65
65
60
60
60
55
55
55
50
50
50
45
45
45
45
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
based on the premise

f design criteria and the
age 187 of AASHTO
IRC Horizontal Geometry Design for Urban Roads
* (Strictly speaking, up to 2 lanes carriageway this design is alright, however, for more than 2 lanes the R vs
Parameters
VR
(Kmph)
emax
(Kmph)
Description
Design Speed
(80/60/50/40/30)
Formula /Reference

facility
allowable
Running Speed
Exhibit 3-14 of Green

Book 2004
(%)

based on the terrain, rainfall,
snowfall, amount of low speed
traffic, etc (Desirably
limited to 4.0%)
Values
80

)
4.0%
70
(%)
bw
W (m)
Maximum Relative
Width of Roadway rotated as a plane section (it Adjustment factor for number of equivalent la
Gradient, which is
n =W/3.6) rotated as a plane section (vide Exi
dependent on Design speed includes carriageway lanes and paved shoulder, if 1
any, with same cross slope as the lanes
bw={(1+0.5(n1-1)}/n1
V (vide Ex 3-30)
0.50%
0.7571428571
Evaluation of Design Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Desi

Sl. No.
Description
(m)
Design Radius
ecal
(%) e
Calculated Superelevation
(%)
Formula
V/225R or 4% whichever
is less
Designer's choice
(1)
(2)
(3)
15
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
18
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
20
Inadequate R
22
23
25
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
86
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
149
150
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
155
160
165
170
175
180
183
185
189
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
4.0%
3.7%
3.4%
3.1%
2.8%
2.6%
2.3%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
4.0%
3.7%
3.4%
3.1%
2.8%
2.6%
2.3%
2.0%
1.8%
1.6%
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
415
420
425
430
1.3%
1.1%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.2%
-0.1%
-0.2%
-0.4%
-0.6%
-0.8%
-1.0%
-1.1%
-1.3%
-1.5%
-1.6%
-1.8%
-1.9%
-2.1%
-2.2%
-2.3%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
NC
NC
NC
r more than 2 lanes the R vs e is correct but Lr in (6) and Design Ls in (9) are incorrect
fmax
(%)
Rmin
c
(m)
(%)
Camber
curve
38)
IRC: 73 assumes constant fmax

(=0.15) irrespective of the
Design Speed. However, it is
better based on AASHTO.
280
0.14
2.0%
eff (%)
based on AASHTO
bw
eff (%)
based on IRC
Terrain Type
appropriate.
0.67%
or for number of equivalent lanes (say, Maximum Effective Relative Gradient,

following, Plain (P) or Rolling ( R)
d as a plane section (vide Exihit 3-31), Gradient,
eff = 1 in 150, for Plain or or Mountainous (M) or Steep (S).
eff = /bw
bw={(1+0.5(n1-1)}/n1
Rolling terrain, and = 1 in 60 Enter the letter in the parenthesis as
0.7571428571
0.66%
Runoff Length (Lr)
(e) vis--vis given Design Radius (R)

fmob
Vcheck
(Kmph)

Lr
(m)

Lr = W
* e / eff
(5)
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
ovided, its length ( LS ) is also equal to the Run-off Length ( Lr ). Where, Spiral Curve is not required, the Run-off Length should be used, as given in
(4)
(6)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
0.1399775028
0.1398200028
0.139771382
0.1398261044
0.1399790026
0.1392252485
0.1395603251
0.1399800025
0.137480315
0.1350575409
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
80.0049998438
80.0407083927
80.0526077027
80.0407083927
80.0049998438
80.1873431409
80.1081144454
80.0049998438
80.6374602775
81.2649986156
Whereever Spiral Curve is provided, its length (
Inadequate R
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
39
36
33
30
30
27
21
21
21
0.1327081842
0.1304289576
0.128216767
0.1260686979
0.1239820022
0.1219540867
0.1199825022
0.1180649337
0.1161991913
0.1143832021
0.1126150021
0.1108927293
0.1092146174
0.1075789893
0.105984252
0.1044288908
0.1029114653
0.1014306043
0.1399850019
0.1385734136
0.137194653
81.8877280183
82.5057573749
83.1191915264
83.7281314732
84.3326745692
84.9329147033
85.5289424698
86.1208453279
86.7087077519
87.2926113712
87.8726351033
88.4488552781
89.0213457548
89.5901780331
90.1554213567
90.7171428122
91.2754074217
91.8302782311
80.0049998438
80.479811133
80.9518375332
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
NR
NR
NR

Acceleration (V2/13R)" becomes less than 0.45 m/s2, as the
less that the traffic can comfortably adjust when they directly
Tangent Alignment. Reference can be drawn from page 187
is absent, of the Run-off is to be provided on Tangent a
Circular Curve.
Terrain Type
C (m/s3)

ollowing, Plain (P) or Rolling ( R) Rate of change of Radial acceleration,
or Mountainous (M) or Steep (S).
(0.5, 0.8)
appropriate.
0.5161290323

LS
LS
(m)
Design
(m)
Clothoid Length
()
Acceleration ( C)
LS (m)
2.7*V2/R for Plain

Maximum of the
Mountaneous or
(7) rounded up to
Steep
multiple of 5
(7)
(8)
(9)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
77
62
80
75
61
75
74
60
75
73
59
75
72
58
75
70
57
70
69
56
70
68
55
70
67
54
70
66
54
70
65
53
65
64
52
65
63
51
65
62
51
65
61
50
65
61
49
65
60
48
60
59
48
60
58
47
60
57
47
60
57
46
60
56
45
60
55
45
55
54
44
55
54
44
55
53
43
55
53
43
55
52
42
55
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ansition is not required for "Those radii" for which the "Radial
e can be drawn from page 187 of AASHTO 2004. Where Spiral
s to be provided on Tangent and remaining would be on the
IRC Horizontal Geometry Design for Urban Roads
* (Strictly speaking, up to 2 lanes carriageway this design is alright, however, for more than 2 lanes the R vs
Parameters
VR
(Kmph)
emax
(Kmph)
(%)
Description
Design Speed
(80/60/50/40/30)
Running Speed
allowable
Formula /Reference

facility
Exhibit 3-14 of Green

Book 2004
The designer has to choose based

on the terrain, rainfall, snowfall,
amount of low speed traffic, etc
(Desirably limited to 4.0%)
Values
50
47
4.0%

)
(%)
bw
W (m)
Maximum Relative
Width of Roadway rotated as a plane section (it Adjustment factor for number of equivalent la
Gradient, which is
n =W/3.6) rotated as a plane section (vide Exi
dependent on Design speed includes carriageway lanes and paved shoulder, if 1
any, with same cross slope as the lanes
bw={(1+0.5(n1-1)}/n1
V (vide Ex 3-30)
0.65%
0.7571428571
Evaluation of Design Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Desi

Sl. No.
Description
(m)
Design Radius
ecal
(%) e
Calculated Superelevation
(%)
Formula
V/225R or 4% whichever
is less
Designer's choice
(1)
(2)
(3)
15
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
18
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
20
Inadequate R
22
23
25
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
86
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
149
150
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
3.8%
2.9%
2.2%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
3.8%
2.9%
2.2%
1.5%
0.8%
0.2%
-0.5%
-1.0%
-1.5%
-1.8%
-1.9%
155
160
165
170
175
180
183
185
189
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
-2.3%
NC
-2.7%
NC
-3.1%
NC
-3.5%
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
-3.8%
-4.1%
-4.3%
-4.4%
-4.6%
-4.7%
-5.0%
-5.2%
-5.4%
-5.7%
-5.9%
-6.1%
-6.3%
-6.5%
-6.7%
-6.8%
-7.0%
-7.2%
-7.3%
-7.5%
-7.6%
-7.8%
-7.9%
-8.0%
-8.1%
-8.3%
-8.4%
-8.5%
-8.6%
-8.7%
-8.8%
-8.9%
-9.0%
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
415
420
425
430
-9.1%
-9.2%
-9.3%
-9.3%
-9.4%
-9.5%
-9.6%
-9.7%
-9.7%
-9.8%
-9.9%
-9.9%
-10.0%
-10.1%
-10.1%
-10.2%
-10.2%
-10.3%
-10.4%
-10.4%
-10.5%
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
r more than 2 lanes the R vs e is correct but Lr in (6) and Design Ls in (9) are incorrect
fmax
(%)
Rmin
c
(m)
(%)
Camber
curve
38)
Based on IRC: 86, fmax=0.15

irrespective of V. The same is
followed except for V=80
Kph, for which fmax =0.14
104
0.15
2.0%
eff (%)
based on AASHTO
bw
eff (%)
based on IRC
Terrain Type
appropriate.
0.67%
or for number of equivalent lanes (say, Maximum Effective Relative Gradient,

following, Plain (P) or Rolling ( R)
d as a plane section (vide Exihit 3-31), Gradient,
eff = 1 in 150, for Plain or or Mountainous (M) or Steep (S).
eff = /bw
bw={(1+0.5(n1-1)}/n1
Rolling terrain, and = 1 in 60 Enter the letter in the parenthesis as
0.7571428571
0.86%
Runoff Length (Lr)
(e) vis--vis given Design Radius (R)

fmob
Vcheck
(Kmph)

Lr
(m)

Lr = W
* e / eff
(5)
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
0.1494765654
0.1499549034
0.1491742554
0.1440419948
0.137480315
0.1314233798
0.1258151064
0.1206074241
0.1157588922
0.1121143582
0.1112335958
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
Inadequate R
50.0697513475
50.0062996032
50.1204549062
50.8999017681
51.949494704
52.9782974434
53.9874985529
54.9781774889
55.9513181257
56.7178102539
56.9078202007
ovided, its length ( LS ) is also equal to the Run-off Length ( Lr ). Where, Spiral Curve is not required, the Run-off Length should be used, as given in
(4)
(6)
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42
33
24
21
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21
50.5870536798
0.1430314961
51.3964979352
0.1393032689
52.1933903861
0.1357943492
0.1324859393
0.1293613298
0.1275685211
0.1264056182
0.1241536475
0.1236054704
0.1209489198
0.1184251969
0.1160245823
0.1137382827
0.1115583227
0.1094774517
0.1074890639
0.1055871277
0.103766125
0.1020209974
0.1003470995
0.0987401575
0.0971962328
0.0957116899
0.0942831674
0.0929075532
0.0915819613
0.090303712
0.0890703136
0.0878794461
0.086728947
0.0856167979
0.0845411127
0.083500127
0.0824921885
0.081515748
0.0805693519
52.9782974434
53.7517441577
54.5142183288
54.9666262381
55.2661741032
55.860451126
56.0080351378
56.7401973913
57.4630315942
58.1768854443
58.8820855609
59.5789392319
60.2677359787
60.9487489617
61.6222362463
62.2884419455
62.9475972536
63.5999213836
64.245622419
64.8848980888
65.5179364754
66.1449166603
66.7660093161
67.3813772492
67.9911758981
68.5955537918
69.1946529726
69.7886093858
70.3775532397
70.9616093391
71.5408973944
72.1155323075
72.6856244384
73.2512798523
Whereever Spiral Curve is provided, its length (
0.147000254
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0.0796516345
0.0787613116
0.0778971746
0.0770580851
0.0762429696
0.0754508151
0.0746806649
0.0739316147
0.0732028091
0.0724934383
0.0718027352
0.0711299724
0.0704744599
0.0698355427
0.0692125984
0.0686050355
0.0680122911
0.0674338298
0.0668691414
0.0663177397
0.0657791613
73.8126005503
74.369684684
74.9226267559
75.4715178064
76.0164455891
76.5574947343
77.0947469028
77.6282809291
78.1581729572
78.684496567
79.2073228938
79.7267207403
80.2427566825
80.7554951691
81.2649986156
81.7713274932
82.274540412
82.7746942006
83.271843981
83.7660432395
84.2573438936
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Acceleration (V2/13R)" becomes less than 0.45 m/s2, as the
less that the traffic can comfortably adjust when they directly
Tangent Alignment. Reference can be drawn from page 187
is absent, of the Run-off is to be provided on Tangent a
Circular Curve.
Terrain Type
C (m/s3)

ollowing, Plain (P) or Rolling ( R) Rate of change of Radial acceleration,
or Mountainous (M) or Steep (S).
(0.5, 0.8)
appropriate.
0.64

LS
LS
(m)
Design
(m)
Clothoid Length
()
Acceleration ( C)
LS (m)
2.7*V2/R for Plain

Maximum of the
Mountaneous or
(7) rounded up to
Steep
multiple of 5
(7)
(8)
(9)
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40
65
45
39
62
40
37
59
40
35
57
35
34
54
35
33
52
35
32
50
35
30
49
30
29
47
30
29
46
30
28
45
30
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ansition is not required for "Those radii" for which the "Radial
e can be drawn from page 187 of AASHTO 2004. Where Spiral
s to be provided on Tangent and remaining would be on the
AASHTO/IRC Vertical Curve Design
Parameters
Standard of Design
Description
AASHTO or IRC (A/I)
Formula /Reference
(Kmph)
Design Speed
The designer has to

choose based on the type
The input must be either AASHTO, A,
of road facility
IRC, I
(120.100,80,65,60,50,40,3
5,30,25,20)
Values
100

)
Parameters
S
(m)
Description
Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)
Grade Difference
Formula /Reference
S = 0.278Vt + V2/254 f where t=2.5

sec and f = 0.35
G1-G2
Values
180
2.50
O/IRC Vertical Curve Design
eff (%)
Guidance for Gradient (G%)
Maximum Effective Relative Gradient

provided
This Guidance for G-value should be applied only on Horizontal

Curve (Run-out & Run-off) stretch to ensure adequate drainage
Two controls/criteria to be followed simultaneously.

(1) The gradient of the PGL should be at least 0.5%
(2) The gradient of the
Road edges should be at least 0.2% (for uncurbed road) and at least
0.5% (for curbed road)
0.67
For Upgrade, G >= 0.87

Downgrade, G <= -0.87
Vertical Curve Type (Crest /

Sag)
Minimum K Value
For
K is the Length of Vertical Curve required for unit (1.0%)

Grade difference
If A>0, Crest Curve

If A<0, Sag Curve
Crest
73.6
73.6
The input must be either

'Crest, C, Sag, S
G1
(%) G2
Approach Grade
(%)
Departure Grade
The designer to choose based on The designer to choose based on

the terrain and amount of
the terrain and amount of
Truck/Heavy vehicle population Truck/Heavy vehicle population
(Upgrade +ve,
(Upgrade +ve,
Downgrade -Ve)
Downgrade -Ve)
2.5
0.00
Lmin
Calculated Minimum length
of Crest curve
KA
185
For Upgrade
G>=0.87%,
G<=0.47%
For Downgrade
0.87%,
G<=G>=-0.47%

IRC, AASHTO Design of Geometrics

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IRC, AASHTO Design of Geometrics

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IRC Horizontal Geometry Design for Rural (Open) Highways

The designer has to choose

The designer has to choose

Input Parameters (as marked

Evaluation of Design Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Design

IRC: 73 assumes constant fmax

(=0.15) irrespective of the Design

Maximum Effective Relative

Terrain should be one of the

for Mountainous or steep.

factor for number of equivalent lanes Maximum Effective Relative Gradient,

on (e) vis--vis given Design Radius (R)

Mobilised Friction factor

Check for Speed (based on e

Minimum Design Runoff

It is considered that Spiral Transition is not required for "Th

Terrain should be one of the

Evaluation of Design Clothoid Spiral Length (LS) for

2.7*V2/R for Plain

Calculation of Design Spiral Curve Length (LS) and Design Superelevat

{Based on Design Speed (VD), Max

The designer has

Maximum Relative Gradient,

Width of Roadway rotated as a plane

Adjustment factor for number of

Evaluation of Design Friction Factor (f), and consequently the Design

Case 1 (when R< RPI), f=hPI +

) and Design Superelevation Runoff (Lr)

Exhibit 3-18 Page 160

ustment factor for number of

Evaluation of Design Clothoid Spiral Length (LS) for the

Minimum Design Runoff

Refer equation 3Refer equation Refer equation 330 of AASTHO,

Friction Factor (fmax) and width

Vide Exhibit 3-18

piral Length (LS) for the

based on the premise

IRC Horizontal Geometry Design for Urban Roads

The designer has to choose

Exhibit 3-14 of Green

The designer has to choose

Input Parameters (as marked

Evaluation of Design Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Desi

IRC: 73 assumes constant fmax

Maximum Effective Relative

Terrain should be one of the

for Mountainous or steep.

or for number of equivalent lanes (say, Maximum Effective Relative Gradient,

(e) vis--vis given Design Radius (R)

Mobilised Friction factor

Check for Speed (based on e

Minimum Design Runoff

Whereever Spiral Curve is provided, its length (

It is considered that Spiral Transition is not required for "Th

Terrain should be one of the

Evaluation of Design Clothoid Spiral Length (LS) for

2.7*V2/R for Plain

IRC Horizontal Geometry Design for Urban Roads

The designer has to choose

Exhibit 3-14 of Green

The designer has to choose based

Input Parameters (as marked

Evaluation of Design Superelevation (e) vis--vis given Desi