Gamit ng Pangngalan Worksheets

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Nouns (mga pangngalan) have several
functions. Identifying a nouns grammatical
case is referring to the nouns use or function
in relation to the other words in the phrase,
clause, or sentence.
The most common cases of nouns are the
subjective case (kaukulang palagyo), the
objective case (kaukulang palayon), and the
possessive case (kaukulang paari).
Kaukulang Palagyo (Subjective or
Nominative Case)
In the subjective or nominative case, the noun
may be used as a subject of the sentence, a
subject complement, or an appositive.
1. Noun as the subject of the sentence
(simuno o paksa)
Nouns are often used as a subject
(simuno o paksa) of the sentence.
Ang basura ay itinapon sa tamang
lalagyan.
The word basura (trash) is a noun and it is the
subject of the sentence.
2. Noun as a subject complement
(kaganapang pansimuno)

A subject complement or subjective

complement is a word or phrase that follows a
linking verb and describes the subject of the
sentence. Since we are talking about the
functions of nouns, the subject complement
we are interested here are nouns or noun
phrases in the predicate that renames or
describes the subject of the sentence.
Ang basura ay problema sa ating
pamayanan. (problema = subject
complement)
In this sentence, the
noun problema (problem) is part of the
predicate and it describes the
subject basura by referring to it as a problem.
In Filipino sentences, the subject complement
(kaganapang pansimuno) usually comes
after the word ay if the sentence has the
subject+predicate arrangement (dikaraniwang ayos). However, in a sentence
with the predicate+subject arrangement
(karaniwang ayos) where the word ay is not
used, the subject complement appears first in
the sentence.
Problema ang basura sa ating
pamayanan. (problema = subject
complement)
3. Noun as an appositive (pamuno)

An appositive (pamuno) is a noun, noun

phrase, or noun clause that renames or
describes another noun right beside it in the
sentence. An appositive is usually written in
between commas or has a comma before it.
Appositives can rename or describe nouns in
the subject, a subject complement, or a direct
object.
Ang basura, isang problema sa ating
pamayanan, ay nagdudulot ng mga sakit.
The entire phrase isang problema sa ating
pamayanan is an appositive because it
describes the noun that came before it
(basura). The noun problema is the
appositive of the subject basura.
Ang pagkain namin ay halohalo, ang
paboritong meryenda ni Carlo.
The noun meryenda (snack) renames the
subject complement halohalo,
so meryenda is the appositive of halohalo.
Si Nanay ay nagluto ng adobong manok,
ang paboritong ulam ni Mike.
The noun ulam renames the direct
object adobong manok, so ulam is the
appositive ofadobong manok.
Kaukulang Palayon (Objective Case)

In the objective case, the noun may be used

as a direct object of the verb (tuwirang
layon olayon ng pandiwa) or as an object of
the preposition (layon ng pang-ukol).
4. Noun as the direct object (tuwirang
layon o layon ng pandiwa)
A noun may be used as the direct object of an
action verb. The direct object receives the
action described by the verb. The noun
usually follows the action verb and answers
the question what or who.
Itinapon ang basura sa tamang lalagyan.
The verb in this sentence is itinapon (threw).
The noun that comes after the verb
isbasura (trash) and it answers the question
Threw what? or Itinapon ang ano?
5. Noun as the object of the preposition
(layon ng pang-ukol)
A noun may be used as the object of a
preposition (pang-ukol). Examples of Filipino
prepositions are sa, ng, para sa, para kay,
tungkol sa, tungkol kay, ukol sa, ukol
kay, hinggil sa, hinggil kay, laban sa,
laban kay, labag sa, labag kay, ayon sa,
ayon kay, alinsunod sa, alinsunod kay,
nang may, nang wala, mula sa, and tungo
sa. The noun that follows a preposition is the
object of the preposition.

Itinapon ang basura sa tamang lalagyan.

The noun lalagyan (container) is the object of
the preposition sa (into).
Kaukulang Paari (Possessive Case)
6. Nouns in the possessive case (kaukulang
paari) show ownership. In Filipino sentences,
nouns in the possessive case come after the
words ni, nina, kay or kina.
Si Jaime ay pinsan ni Tony.
Kay Jaime ang itim na bag.
Kaukulang Bokatibo (Vocative Case)
7. The vocative case is the case used for
nouns that identify or get the attention of the
person being addressed.
Grace, siya ay si Jaime.
The noun Grace is in the vocative case
because the speaker is calling her attention.
Nagawa ko na po ang mga takdangaralin ko, Itay.
The noun Itay (Dad) is in the vocative case
because the speaker is calling the attention of
his or her dad.
The two 15-item worksheets below ask the
student to identify the use of the underlined

noun in each sentence. The following uses of

nouns are included in the worksheets:
1.simuno o paksa (subject)
2.kaganapang pansimuno (subject
complement)
3.pamuno (appositive)
4.tuwirang layon (direct object of the verb)
5.layon ng pang-ukol (object of the
preposition)
6.panawag (noun in the vocative case)