Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VOL UM
E2
GoP-UN ACT FOR PEACE PROGRAMME
VOLUME 2
Dolores S. Corro
Jose Dax Evaristo P. Tibus
Ian C. Digal
April Jhim G. dela Cruz
Review Team:
Ms. Diosita Andot
Ms. Cynthia Guerra
Mr. James Abdul
Mr. Rey Tan
Mr. Hector Tuburan, Jr.
Ms. Leah Bugtay
Cover, Layout and Book Design: John Mark P. Dionson
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...................................................................................... vii
6b
7b
8b
10b
12b
14b
15b
16b
17b
19b
24b
26b
28b
29b
Steps in Using Tools for Conflict Diagnosis and Analysis ....... 30b
General Steps in Making Conflict Diagnosis and Analysis .................
Steps in Making A-B-C of Conflict .........................................................
Steps in Stakeholders Analysis ............................................................
Steps in Force Field Analysis ................................................................
31b
33b
35b
38b
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Exploring and Analyzing the Site or the Tools for Analyzing Space
Time Analysis
Prioritizing and Ranking
Analyzing Institution and Relationships
Gender Analysis
Conflict Diagnosis and Analysis
Each of the method above has several tools that can be used depending on the specific
data that will be gathered. The team of researchers from the community may use one or
more of the tools per method. They would opt more for the most appropriate and effective
tool that can surface the data for a particular issue. For every tool that will be used, group
involvement and participation is necessary. Members of the community need to
decide before using the different PRA tools what data they should need and how it
would be gathered..
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
General Steps in
Drawing Maps
1 Find out whether the informants
(participants/group members) know the
barangay and the topic of the mapping
exercise (for example, resource mapping),
and who are willing to share their knowledge.
2b
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LEGEND:
MARKET
SHOPPING
Steps in Making
Mobility Maps
CHURCH
COMMUNITY
EDUCATION
HEALTH
VISITS
CHURCH
BRGY. HALL
COMMUNITY
SCHOOL
3b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Steps in Making
Transect Walk
1. Plan what the team will be looking for (for
example, vulnerable households, land use,
settlement, social services, etc). Decide with
the whole team the specific topics to be
investigated and how team members or each
group will find this out (Observation?
Question? Making diagrams? etc.) Be as
specific as possible so you can compare
findings at the end.
4b
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5b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
6b
General Steps in
Preparing a Calendar
1. Ask informants to define a period
which they would like to analyse. This
may be a year, decade, given
historical period, etc.
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Steps in Drawing
Seasonal Calendar
1. Prepare the materials that you will
3. In different rows:
Show the different months or
seasons of the year (first column).
It helps if you can find the local
names for the months or seasons
and what these mean;
- Show what happens at a given
period, season or month of the
year (second column);
-
7b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
7. Combine all the seasonal patterns in one diagram to show correlation between different
variables and identify any problem or opportunity times within the year.
8. Cross-check and refine the calendar throughout the fieldwork. Watch out for variations,
which are due to the seasons, and those, which are not related to the seasons.
9. Seasonal calendars are a lot of fun but a great source of materials that will need your
analysis. Do not draw them for granted. You can draw them today and discuss them the
following day since you need to have an in-depth study of all the variables and their
possible relationships.
Steps in Making
Daily Calendar
1. Decide with the whole team which
8b
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Guide questions
in making
Daily Calendars
10
11
12
10
WORK IN HOME
INCOME
GENERATION
TIME FOR
LIVELIHOOD
9b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
THINGS TO NOTE:
Steps in Making a
Timeline
1. Discuss the purpose of the exercise,
10b
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THINGS TO NOTE:
11b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Livelihood
?
?
?
?
?
What has changed in the livelihood of the people in the last 10-15 years?
What impact have the changes had on children, parents, girls, boys, etc.?
What indicators are there to show that the changes are happening?
Who have gained from the changes and who are the losers?
What were the unexpected changes?
Steps in
Trend Analysis
1. Inquire among the group those who
can remember far back.
12b
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1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2009
POPULATION
FOREST/TREES
WATER SUPPLY
RICELAND
MINING AREAS
EVACUEES
13b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
14b
Steps of Preference
Ranking
1. Choose a set of problems or
preferences to be prioritized. This
could be, for example farming
problems or preferences for domestic
animals.
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PALAY
CORN
COFFEE
COCONUT
Resistant to drought
Resistant to pests
45
53
50
44
SCORES
RANK
Steps of Pair-Wise
Ranking
1. Choose a set of problems, or
preferences, to be prioritized.
15b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
PWS
FARM TO
MARKET ROAD
POTABLE WATER
SYSTEM
COVERED
COURT
HEALTH
CENTER
FOOT
BRIDGE
SCORE
RANK
(FARM TO
MARKET ROAD)
FMR
XXX
FMR
FMR
FMR
FMR
(POTABLE
WATER SYSTEM)
PWS
FMR
XXX
PWS
PWS
PWS
COVERED
COURT
FMR
PWS
XXX
HC
FB
HEALTH
CENTER
FMR
PWS
HC
XXX
HC
FOOT
BRIDGE
FMR
PWS
CC
HC
XXX
16b
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FOOD
LIVELIHOOD
MEDICINE EDUCATION
HOUSING
FARMERS
WOMEN
YOUTH
SENIOR CITIZENS
BUSINESS SECTOR
SCORE
13
21
11
16
14
RANKING
Steps in Wealth
Ranking
1. Identify a group of people who are
17b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
18b
ADUNAHAN
ARANGAN
KABOS
UYAMOT
PANGINABUHIAN/
TRABAHO
- Opisina (manager)
- Dakung Negosyante
- Opisina (empleyado)
- Gamayng negosyo
- Empleyado
(contractual)
- tenant
-Seasonal worker
- Seasonal income
KABTANGAN
-May yutang
gitikad
(below 1 ha.)
- Walay yutang
gipanag-iyahan
BALAY
-Daku ug kongkreto
- Hinimo sa mga durable
nga materyales
SAKYANAN
-4 wheels
- motorcycle
- bicycle
- Walay sakyanan
EDUKASYON
-Nakahumanog kurso
-Nakapahumanog kurso
sa mga anak
-Nakahumanog kurso
- nakapaeskwela sa
mga anak hangtud sa
college
-Nakaeskwela
hangtud sa high
school
- nakapaeskwela
sa anak hangtud
high school
-Nakaeskwela sa
elementarya
- nakapaeskwela
sa mga anak
hangtud
elementarya
PAGKAON
- Makakaon og lami
nga pagkaon
panalagsa
- Makakaon
ikatulo ka beses sa
usa ka adlaw
-Usahay dili
makakaon3 ka
beses sa usa ka
adlaw
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THINGS TO NOTE:
Steps in Making a
Livelihood Analysis
1. Identify the individual, household or
category of people that you want to
undertake a livelihood analysis with
(these could, for example, be peasant
farmers, the poorest category of the
c o m m u n i t y, w o m e n - h e a d e d
households, HIV/AIDS household,
etc).
19b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
? To
? How
20b
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25
CARABAO
10
20
WOMEN
COW
15
6
10
CHILDREN
CHICKEN
5
0
JUAN
JOSE
NITA
MARIA
JESUS
LABOR
MIGRANTS
(ABSENT)
HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
2
0
GOAT
JUAN
JOSE
NITA
MARIA
JESUS
LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP
JUAN
JUAN
JOSE
NITA
JOSE
NITA
LIVESTOCK
AGRICULTURE
MARIA
JESUS
SOURCES OF INCOME
MARIA
JESUS
TOTAL INCOME
21b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Steps in Making a
Venn Diagram
1. Discuss the purpose of making a
22b
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BHW
BLGU
BDC
TANOD
LUPON
23b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Steps in Making
Activity Profile
24b
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? What
THINGS TO NOTE:
? What
? Why
25b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
4:00 AM
5:00
DRINK COFFEE
6:00
FEED ANIMALS
DO HOUSEHOLD CHORES
7:00
FARMING
8:00
TAKE BREAKFAST
9:00
FARMING
DO THE LAUNDRY
10:00
FARMING
DO THE LAUNDRY
11:00
BACK TO HOUSE/REST
12:00
TAKE LUNCH
1:00 PM
REST
DO HOUSEHOLD CHORES
2:00
FARMING
REST
3:00
FARMING
DO HOUSEHOLDCHORES
4:00
REST
5:00
FEED ANIMALS
MARKETING
6:00
BACK TO HOUSE
7:00
TAKE DINNER
DO HOUSEHOLD CHORES
8:00
REST/SLEEP
REST/SLEEP
9:00
Steps in Making
Access and Control
Profile
1. First, agree with team members or the
26b
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? What resources are needed to do the activities that men and boys do?
? For each resource, who has control over the resource?
? How does lack of access to the resource by the person who needs it affect
the activity?
? Why are some resources not in the control of the person who needs to use
it?
? What have been the changes in access and control over the last 10-15
years?
27b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
28b
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29b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
USAGE
To secure logical collection of information about the dynamics of issue or problem,
examining and understanding it from variety of perspectives and methodologies, in order to
generate wide range of alternatives for resolution and transformation.
ON STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS
The identification of individuals or group of individuals involve in the issue or problem.
These are usually within the first and second level of involvement. However, it could be
extended depending on the need of the issue to be clear. Along the identification, the
standpoint of each individual involved up against their real interest over the issue will also
be determined. Individual motivation towards the resolution of the issue will also be clearly
laid down beside the influence already demonstrated as well as that can potentially be
done.
30b
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2
9
4
7
5
3
6
1
8
31b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
4. D i v i d e t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s b y
Why? (We expect them to say that
the manner by which the numbers
were presented or organized (i.e., in
tic-tac-toe form versus raw form)
made it easier for them to find the
eight combinations).
32b
THINGS TO NOTE
Each tool is a requisite of the
following tool i.e. the A-B-C of
Conflict is not a stand alone tool
and requires Stakeholders'
Analysis and Force Field
Analysis to complete the whole
process.
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Consequence
Consequence
Consequence
Consequence
Antecedent
Antecedent
Antecedent
Antecedent
Antecedent
33b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
3. D i s c u s s t h e d e f i n i t i o n s o f
ANTECEDENTS, BEHAVIORAL
M A N I F E S TAT I O N S , a n d
CONSEQUENCES to the
participants (See definitions below).
Proper understanding of definitions
will guide the participants in
providing the appropriate data
required for the process using this
first tool.
ANTECEDENTS
are causes or
reason of the issue or problem.
These might be identified as
community conditions, specific
events, and people itself described in
various forms of sources of conflicts
(See Volume 1, page 17a, Methods
of Conflict Diagnosis and Analysis).
BEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS
are experienced indicators affirming
the presence of issue or problem.
These are usually stated as the issue
itself, thinly differentiated from the
actual effects.
CONSEQUENCES are effects or
results of the issue or problem.
These are commonly demonstrated
in the form of changes in community
conditions and relational differences
among residents.
34b
the
process
Basic analysis
question
What the
issue/problem is
all about?
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Example
The rehabilitation project
was won by the Mayors
cousin.
ANTECEDENTS
Due to typhoon the same
farm facility was damaged
six months after it was
reconstructed.
BEHAVIORAL
MANIFESTATIONS
CONSEQUENCES
Residences of the
affected puroks
For immediate repair
of the irrigation system.
Positions
Interests
Motivations
to resolve
the issue
Influences
in the
resolution
or
escalation
of the
issue
Best
alternative to a
negotiated
agreement or
BATNA
35b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
36b
B E S T A LT E R N AT I V E T O A
NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT OR
BATNA are perceived actions the
stakeholders can do to get what they
want, particularly when no
negotiation takes place or the
negotiation failed. This is also a
preventive measure to avoid
potential hostile actions from the
stakeholders.
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Example
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
Positions
Interests
Motivations
to resolve
issues
Influences in
the
resolution or
escalation of
the issue
BATNA
The residence
has number of
professionals
that assisted in
voicing their
clamor.
Have made
consensus to
vote the
candidate that
will immediately
address their
concern.
Residence
Stop the
flooding
Protect our
residences
from the flood
Avoid illness
Huge amount of
damages in
resources were
already
incurred.
Farmers/ Tillers
Make a dike
to protect our
farms
Sustain our
crops and
income
Local produce
The farmers
often decreases has no idea
what to do.
Irrigators
Association
Rebuild the
irrigation
dikes
Sustain our
crops and
income
Large PO
members were
clamoring for
water.
Barangay
Council
Stop the
flooding
Address the
concerns of
the barangay
constituency
Puroks affected
have large
number of
voters.
The BC lacks
fund to
immediately
address the
issue.
Wanted to
support the
move of the
purok
residence.
Access the
most favorable
higher
candidate to
address the
issue.
37b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Resolution of Issues
Driving Factors
Restraining Factors
38b
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What are the factors that drive to the escalation of the issue?
What are the factors that drive to the resolution of the issue?
What are the factors that restrain to the escalation of the issue?
What are the factors that restrain to the resolution of the issue?
Example
Resolution of Issues
Driving Factors
Restraining Factors
Barangay council to
Una ble to address the
access outside resources
concern of the purok
i.e. financial and technical
residence.
in order to address the
issue.
Openness of the purok
residence for discussion
du e to the leadership of
profe ssionals th erein.
39b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
6.
2.
7.
8.
9.
3.
40b
4.
5.
D u r i n g p o s ti n g , a l l o w e a c h
participant to discuss their idea.
Based on the discussions made by
the participants, group similar ideas.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
41b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
42b
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3.
4.
43b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Weaknesses
Opportunities
6. G o t h r o u g h t h e S - W - O - T
classification of all the statements,
and if necessary rearrange them as
it should.
44b
Threats
8.
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Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Supportive POs
Religious groups
Inaccessible FMR
Duol ang
eskwelahan sa
college
may lending
institutions sama sa
Cantilan Bank, EBI
ug micro finance
Kulang sa suporta
ang mga municipal
officials
Gambling in any
forms
Fish dealers
peddlers
Baha
Adunay source of
potable water
Weak bridge
Illegal logging
Halapad na
kaumahan
Minus ang
kooperasyon sa
katawhan sa
barangay
Walay medisina sa
botika sa barangay
Potential in tourists
spots
Waterfalls, caves
Forest resources
Falcatta
Unfinished health
center
45b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Steps in Consolidating
Issues and Problems
1. Maintain the groupings earlier made
46b
CBMS
PRA
Weaknesses
Threats
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5.
6.
7.
MBN
CBMS
25% bata out of
school youth (712 years old)
PRA
Access to FMR
Weaknesses
Threats
Gambling in any
form
Baha
Sanitary toilets
Low income
Weak bridge
Illegal logging
Botika sa
barangay
Minus ang
kooperasyon sa
katawhan
Walay medisina
sa botika sa
barangay
Sanitary toilets
Kulang ang
supply sa tubig
Flood
Unfinished health
center
Illegal logging
Brgy. Raod
network
47b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
3.
2. D i s c u s s w h a t M i l l e n n i u m
Development Goals (MDGs) is, and
its importance towards the
formulation of a Conflict Sensitive
Peace Promoting Barangay
Development Plan (See detailed
discussion of MDGs on Volume 1,
page __).
48b
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M ille nn iu m De velo pm en t
G o als (M D G s)
Inac ce ss ible FM R
Low Inc om e
Bah a
10
11
12
13
Il legal Loggi ng
4 and 5
6
sa
4 and 5
6
m g a m unic ipal
2.
49b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Rating
50b
Goal
Issues an d P ro blems
Rat ing
4,5,6
7, 8
Low inc om e
7, 8
So il er osio n
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MD
Goals
Issues and
Problems
Individual Rating
Jane
Noah
Lon
Benny
Joe
Ram
Rod
Total
Jose
Rea
Rank
Min g
51b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
6.
Example of the filled-up Overall Rating and Ranking of Issues and Problems
By MDGs Matrix
O V ER A LL R A T IN G A N D R A N K IN G O F ISS U E S A N D PR O B L EM S M A TR IX
B ara ngay : _ __ __ __ _
D at e: _ __ __ _ __
52b
MD
G oals
Is sue s a nd
P roblem s
Individua l R ating
Tota l
R ank
J an e
N oa h
Lon
B en ny
J oe
Ram
Ro d
Jo se
Rea
M i ng
Ina cc es s ible
FM R
33
4 a nd
5
W a lay
me disina sa
botika sa
bara nga y
38
43
P oor w at er
su pply
34
Lac k of
m unicipa l
of ficia ls
suppo rt
31
In com e
( below
m inim um )
32
C hildren out
of s choo l
y outh
25
G a mb ling in
a ny form
24
4 a nd
5
U nfinishe d
he alth c ent er
30
S anita ry t oile t
28
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1.
RANK
53b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
RANK
4 and 5
Inaccessible FMR
Inco me
4 and 5
Sanitary toilet
10
2. D i s c u s s w h a t R i g h t s - B a s e d
Approach is and its value addition
towards the formulation of Conflict
Sensitive Peace Promoting
Barangay Development Plan (See
54b
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Rights
Involved
HR Standards/Normative
Content
Rights-based Objectives
Programs
and Projects
55b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Rights Involved
56b
Date: ________________
HR
Standards/Normative
Content
-ICCPR freedom of
movement and
transport
-UDHR Economic
rights (article 23 and
2)
-ICCPR Art. 4
Rights-based
Objectives
Sa dili pa moabot
ang 2015, aduna
nay kongkreto nga
tulay nga
nagkonekta sa P2P3 sulod sa
barangay
Programs and
Projects
1.Mangayo og
pondo
2.Duo sa local ug
provincial
government
3. Magpaconstruct og tulay
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Claim Holders
Responsibility
Capacity Needs
Recommended
Measures
(Legislative/
Executive)
Duty Holders
Responsibility
Capacity Needs
Recommended
Measures
(Legislative/
Executive)
57b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Claimholders
FMR
Residents of
Maintainance/ Purok 1-3
Rehab/
Improvement
Acquisition of
Lot (Purok 13) from private
owner
58b
Responsibilities
Pagpahibalo sa
BLGU
Labor (pahina,
pabayad-suhol)
Capacity
Needs
Financial
assistance/
support
Technical
assistance
(i.e.
pagsukod
sa kalsada)
Recommended
Measures
(Legislative/
Executive)
Inclusion in Budget
allocation
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Programs
and Projects
Claimholders
Construction
of sanitary
toilet (Matinao)
36 HHs
(Residents)
Responsibilities
Capacity
Needs
Recommended
Measures
(Legislative/
Executive)
Voluntary labor
Lot ownership
Pasabton ang
mga pamilya nga
way kasilyas
Financial
assistance
Inclusion in budget
allocation of MLGU
Improvements Barangay
of existing
residents
water system
(Sta. Monica)
Labor
Financial
Project monitoring assistance
Inclusion in budget
allocation
Scholarship
program
(Camp
Eduard)
OSY
Commitment to attend
class
Financial
assistance
Flooding
during heavy
rains
(Jaguimitan)
Residents of
purok 1,2,3,4
Hungos sa pagtanum
ang kahoy aron sa
pagpugong sa tubig
Materials
(Seedlings) for
DENR
Ordinance of brgy to
have a yearly tree
planting and no
cutting of trees in
support to national
laws
Reforestation BLGU
/ rehabilitation
of the
watershed
(Guinabsan)
Survey, inspection
and evaluation /
foot patrol
Report to MLGU
and DENR
Installation of
checkpoints
Barangay pulong
pulong assembly
or meetings
Establishment of
nurseries
Financial
and
technical
assistance
Police
assistance
Executive order
to MENRO
SB resolution /
ordinance to
stop illegal
logging activities
SB resolution
requesting the
DENR and
police
assistance
Budget
allocation
59b
CSPP PRA-BDP
PRA-BDP
CSPP
Programs and
Projects
FMR Rehab/
Improvement
Duty
Holders
BLGU
Acquisition of
Lot (Purok 1-3)
from private
owner
60b
Responsibilities
Conduct inspection
Financial sourcing
Paghimo ug letter
request/ resolution
Project
Implementation,
Monitoring
Capacity Needs
Recommended
Measures
(Legislative/
Executive)
Technical
assistance
Mayors Order
Construction of BLGU
sanitary toilet
(Matin-ao)
Financial sourcing
Financial
assistance
Resolution to
LCE/Mayors
order
Improvements
of existing
water system
(Sta. Monica)
Technical
assistance
(project proposal
preparation)
LCE order
BLGU
Fund sourcing
Project
implementation
VOLUME
VOLUME 2
2
Scholarship
BLGU
program
LGU
(Camp Eduard)
Construction of BLGU
brgy health
center
(Magtangale)
To pass resolutions
and
financial
sourcing
To coordinate with
the DOH
Budget allocation
Financial
assistance
Technical
assistance
Admin order
for personnelin-charge
Appropriate
ordinance
61b