Instructions

Getting Started
Choice of Spread Format
Interpretation of Charts
X-Bar Chart
R Chart
Questions or Comments

Getting Started
1) Press "Start" to obtain the user form.
2) Enter your Company or Organization name.
3) Input the number of samples for analysis.
4) Chose the spread format for "X-Bar Chart".
5) Enter the size of the sample in the data sheet
6) If using the "Range" option, enter the popualtion
standard deviation.

Top

Choice of Spread Format

Choose "Standard Deviation Method" if population
standard deviation of samples is known.This option will
only calculate the X-Bar Chart
Choose "Range Method" if the range of the sample is
known . This option will calculate both the X-bar and
R Chart

Top

Interpretation of Charts

X-Bar Chart
Point outside
control limit.
Process not in
Control

Sample

Upper Control Limit

Center Limit

Lower Control Limit

5
4
3
2

Mean

Two points close the

control limit.Process
not in control

1
0
0

-1
-2
-3

Sample

10

12

14

16

4
3
2

Mean

Two points close the

control limit.Process
not in control

1
0
0

10

12

14

16

-1
-2

Five points below

the mean. Process
not in control

-3

Sample

R-Chart
Sample

Two points close

the control
limit.Process not in
control

Upper Control Limit

Center Limit

Lower Control Limit

4
3
2

Mean

1
0
0

10

12

14

16

-1
-2
-3
-4

Sample

Point outside
control limit.
Process not in
Control

Erratic Change.
Process not in
control

Questions or Comments
If you have any questions or comments please
contact Amit Bansal at axb317@psu.edu or Fabien
Aron at fqa101@psu.edu

Top

Five points below

the mean. Process
not in control

Top

Erratic Change.
Process not in
control

Top

X -Bar and R Chart Application

X-bar chart indicates the changes that have occurred in the
central tendency of a process. These changes might be due to
such factors as tool wear, or new and stronger materials.
R chart values indicate that a gain or loss in dispersion has
occurred.Such change might be due to worn bearings, a loose
tool, an erratic flow of lubricants to a machine, or to sloppiness on
the part of a machine operator.
The two types of chart go hand in hand when monitoring
variables, because they measure the two critical parameters,
central tendency and dispersion.

Desgined and Created by Amit Bansal, Fabien Aron

Quality and Manufacturing Management Program
Penn State University

X-Bar Chart(Std. Deviation Method)

Sample

Upper Control Limit

Lower Control Limit

Center Line

1
0.9
0.8
0.7

Mean

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

Sample Number

XYZ Company
###

Quality Control

X bar chart

Number of samples
Sample size

Population
standard deviation

Results
x-bar value

Data
Sample Number
1
2
3
4
5
Average

Mean

#DIV/0!

z value
Sigma x bar
Upper control limit
Center line
Lower control limit

Results
#DIV/0!
3
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

1
2
3
4
5

0
0
0
0
0

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

X -Bar Chart (Range Method)

Sample

Upper Control Limit

Lower Control Limit

Center Limit

1
0.9
0.8
0.7

Mean

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

Sample Number

R-Chart
Sample

Upper Control Limit

Lower Control Limit

Center Limit

1
0.9
0.8
0.7

Mean

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

Sample Number

XYZ Company
###

Quality Control

X bar and R-Chart

Number of samples
Sample size

Sample Number
1
2
3
4
Average

Mean

Results

Range
x-bar value
R bar value

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
Upper control limit
Center line
Lower control limit

Sample
size, n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Results
Xbar

Range

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#N/A
#DIV/0!
#N/A

#N/A
#DIV/0!
#N/A
0

Upper
Mean
Range,
Factor, A2 D4
1.88
3.268
1.023
2.574
0.729
2.282
0.577
2.115
0.483
2.004
0.419
1.924
0.373
1.864

0.337

1.816

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

0.308
0.285
0.266
0.249
0.235
0.223
0.212
0.203
0.194

1.777
1.744
1.716
1.692
1.671
1.652
1.636
1.621
1.608

1
2
3
4

Lower
Range,
D3
0
0
0
0
0
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223
0.256
0.284
0.308
0.329
0.348
0.364
0.379
0.392

0
0
0
0

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

1
2
3
4

0
0
0
0

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!