9702 p1 Current Electricity All Completed

1
30 The graphs show the variation with potential difference V of the current I for three circuit elements.
9702/1/M/J/02
graph X
aS
ha
ky
graph Y
graph Z
an
dr
The three circuit elements are a metal wire at constant temperature, a semiconductor diode and a
filament lamp.
semiconductor
diode
filament
lamp
jit
metal wire
at constant temperature
Ch
Which row of the table correctly identifies these graphs?
Sa
X
Y
ng
ed
by
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
31 In the circuit below, the battery converts an amount E of chemical energy to electrical energy
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when charge Q passes through the resistor in time t.
Co
pi
Which expressions give the e.m.f. of the battery and the current in the resistor?
e.m.f.
current
EQ
Q/t
EQ
Qt
E/Q
Q/t
E/Q
Qt
33 The diagrams show connected wires which carry currents I1, I2, I3 and I4.
9702/1/M/J/02
The currents are related by the equation I1 + I2 = I3 + I4.

To which diagram does this equation apply?
I4
I3
I4
I2
I4
I1
I1
I1
I2
I3
I2
I3
ha
I1
ky
I2
aS
I3
dr
I4
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an
35 A potential divider is used to give outputs of 2 V and 3 V from a 5 V source, as shown.
Ch
+5V
+3V
Sa
jit
R1
by
R2
+2V
ng
ed
R3
ra
0V
R3/ k
10
pi
le
da
re
R2/ k
nd
R1/ k
ar
What are possible values for the resistances R1, R2 and R3?
30 Which equation is used to define resistance?

power = (current)2 resistance
resistivity = resistance area length
potential difference = current resistance
energy = (current)2 resistance time
Co
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34 When four identical lamps P, Q, R and S are connected as shown in diagram 1, they have normal
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brightness.
S
diagram 2
aS
diagram 1
ha
ky
The lamps are less bright than normal.
The lamps have normal brightness.
The lamps are brighter than normal.
Ch
The lamps do not light.
Sa
jit
an
dr
When the four lamps are connected as shown in diagram 2, which statement is correct?
by
32 The filament of a 240 V, 100 W electric lamp heats up from room temperature to its operating
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temperature. As it heats up, its resistance increases by a factor of 16.
36 1
580 1
1.5 k1
ng
ed
What is the resistance of this lamp at room temperature?

D
9.2 k1
ra
33 At a circuit junction, a current I divides into currents I1, I2 and I3.
I2
da
nd
re
ar
I1
le
I3
I = I1 + I2 + I3.
Co
pi
These currents are related by the equation
Which law does this statement illustrate and on what principle is the law based?
A
Kirchhoffs first law based on conservation of charge
Kirchhoffs first law based on conservation of energy
Kirchhoffs second law based on conservation of charge
Kirchhoffs second law based on conservation of energy
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31 The graph shows how the current through a lamp filament varies with the potential difference
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across it.
an
p.d.
dr
0
0
aS
ha
ky
current
Ch
Which statement explains the shape of this graph?
As the filament temperature rises, electrons can pass more easily through the filament.
It takes time for the filament to reach its working temperature.
The power output of the filament is proportional to the square of the current through it.
The resistance of the filament increases with a rise in temperature.
by
Sa
jit
ra
ng
ed
34 The combined resistance RT of two resistors of resistances R1 and R2 connected in parallel is

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given by the formula
1
1
1
= +
RT
R1
R2
ar
Which statement is used in the derivation of this formula?

The currents through the two resistors are equal.
The potential difference across each resistor is the same.
The supply current is split between the two resistors in the same ratio as the ratio of their
resistances.
The total power dissipated is the sum of the powers dissipated in the two resistors separately.
le
da
nd
re
pi
31 The sum of the electrical currents into a point in a circuit is equal to the sum of the currents out of
9702/01/M/J/03
the point.
Co
Which of the following is correct?

A
This is Kirchhoffs first law, which results from the conservation of charge.
This is Kirchhoffs first law, which results from the conservation of energy.
This is Kirchhoffs second law, which results from the conservation of charge.
This is Kirchhoffs second law, which results from the conservation of energy.
32 The variation with potential difference V of the current I in a semiconductor diode is shown below.
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1.0 2.0
V/V
aS
-2.0 -1.0
ha
ky
I / mA
50
Ch
an
dr
-50
jit
What is the resistance of the diode for applied potential differences of +1.0 V and 1.0 V?
at 1.0 V
20 1
infinite
20 1
zero
0.05 1
infinite
0.05 1
zero
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
at +1.0 V
Sa
resistance
da
nd
re
36 Six resistors, each of resistance 5 , are connected to a 2 V cell of negligible internal resistance.
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51
51
2V
le
X
51
pi
51
Co
Y
51
51
What is the potential difference between terminals X and Y?

A

2V
ky
dr
aS
ha
35 In the potentiometer circuit below, the moveable contact is placed at N on the bare wire XY, such
9702/1/O/N/02
that the galvanometer shows zero deflection.
an
The resistance of the variable resistor is now increased.
Ch
What is the effect of this increase on the potential difference across the wire XY and on the
position of the moveable contact for zero deflection?
position of moveable contact
increases
nearer to X
increases
decreases
decreases
Sa
jit
potential difference across XY
by
nearer to Y
nearer to Y
ng
ed
nearer to X
ra
30 The current in a component is reduced uniformly from 100 mA to 20 mA over a period of 8.0 s.
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320 mC
re
160 mC
480 mC
nd
ar
What is the charge that flows during this time?

640 mC
pi
le
da
32 The e.m.f. of the cell in the following circuit is 9.0 V. The reading on the high-resistance voltmeter
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is 7.5 V.
Co
15
What is the current I ?

A
0.1 A
0.5 A
0.6 A
2.0 A
33 The diagram shows an arrangement of four resistors.

10 k
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6 k
Y
10 k
ha
6 k
ky
4 k
8 k
16 k
32 k
an
dr
aS
What is the resistance between X and Y?
Sa
jit
Ch
34 The diagram shows a potential divider connected to a 9.0 V supply of negligible internal
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resistance.
by
10 k
P
50 k
ar
ra
ng
ed
9.0 V
zero to 1.5 V
zero to 7.5 V
1.5 V to 7.5 V
1.5 V to 9.0 V
pi
le
da
nd
re
What range of voltages can be obtained between P and Q?
30 A wire carries a current of 2.0 amperes for 1.0 hour.
Co
How many electrons pass a point in the wire in this time?

A
1.2 1015
7.2 103
1.3 1019
4.5 1022
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31 The diagram shows a circuit in which the battery has negligible internal resistance.
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12 V
2.0
ky
6.0
aS
ha
3.0
1.0 A
1.6 A
2.0 A
3.0 A
an
dr
What is the value of the current I ?
1
2
ed
by
1
4
Sa
What is the ratio current in P ?

current in Q
A
I1
re
ar
ra
ng
32 The diagram shows currents I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5 in different branches of a circuit.
I2
pi
le
da
nd
I3
I4
Which one of the following is correct?
Co
I1 = I2 + I3
I2 = I1 + I3
I3 = I4 + I5
I4 = I5 + I3
9702/01/M/J/04
jit
Ch
31 Two wires made of the same material and of the same length are connected in parallel to the
same voltage supply. Wire P has a diameter of 2 mm. Wire Q has a diameter of 1 mm.
I5
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33 Which diagram shows a potential divider circuit that can vary the voltage across the lamp?
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aS
ha
ky
1.5 V
1.5 V
2.0
Sa
jit
Ch
0.5
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an
dr
34 The diagram shows two circuits. In these circuits, only the internal resistances differ.
circuit X
3.0
circuit Y
power dissipated
in 3.0 resistor
greater in X than in Y
less in X than in Y
less in X than in Y
nd
re
da
ar
potential difference
across 3.0 resistor
ra
ng
Which line in the table is correct?
ed
by
3.0
le
less in X than in Y
less in X than in Y
pi
32 What is an equivalent unit to 1 volt?

1 J A1
1 J C1
1 W C1
1 W s1
Co
9702/01/M/J/04
34 The potential difference between point X and point Y is 20 V. The time taken for charge carriers to
move from X to Y is 15 s, and, in this time, the energy of the charge carriers changes by 12 J.
9702/01/M/J/04
What is the current between X and Y?

A
0.040 A
0.11 A
9.0 A
25 A
10
33 The terminal voltage of a battery is observed to fall when the battery supplies a current to an
external resistor.
9702/01/M/J/04
the battery's e.m.f. and the current
the current and the battery's internal resistance
the current and the external resistance
ky
the battery's e.m.f. and its internal resistance
aS
ha
What quantities are needed to calculate the fall in voltage?
dr
35 The diagram shows a battery, a fixed resistor, an ammeter and a variable resistor connected in
series.
9702/01/M/J/04
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
A voltmeter is connected across the fixed resistor.
ed
The value of the variable resistor is reduced.
ng
Which correctly describes the changes in the readings of the ammeter and of the voltmeter?
voltmeter
ra
ammeter
A
decrease
decrease
increase
decrease
increase
increase
ar
decrease
da
nd
re
increase
le
36 Kirchhoffs two laws for electric circuits can be derived by using conservation laws.
pi
On which conservation laws do Kirchhoffs laws depend?

Kirchhoffs
second law
charge
current
charge
energy
current
mass
energy
current
Co
Kirchhoffs
first law
9702/01/M/J/04
11
37 The diagram shows a parallel combination of three resistors. The total resistance of the
combination is 3 .
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12
ha
ky
What is the resistance of resistor X?

3
32 The diagram shows four heaters and the current in each.
6A
4A
2A
Sa
8A
ed
ng
ra
ar
nd
re
by
9702/01/O/N/04
jit
Which heater has the greatest power dissipation?
12
dr
an
Ch
aS
da
35 The diagram shows a junction in a circuit where three wires P, Q and R meet. The currents in P
9702/01/O/N/04
and Q are 1 A and 3 A respectively, in the directions shown.
le
pi
3A
1A
Co
How many coulombs of charge pass a given point in wire R in 5 seconds?

A
0.4
0.8
10
12
34 The resistance of a thermistor decreases significantly as its temperature increases.
9702/01/O/N/04
The thermistor is kept in air. The air is at room temperature.

Which graph best represents the way in which the current I in the thermistor depends upon the
potential difference V across it?
dr
an
aS
ha
ky
Ch
33 When a potential difference V is applied between the ends of a wire of diameter d and length l ,
9702/01/O/N/04
the current in the wire is I.
2I
4I
by
Sa
jit
What is the current when a potential difference of 2V is applied between the ends of a wire of the
same material of diameter 2d and the length 2l ? Assume that the temperature of the wire
remains constant.
D
8I
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
37 In the circuit shown, the ammeters have negligible resistance and the voltmeters have infinite
9702/01/O/N/04
resistance.
I1
I2
V1
V2
pi
The readings on the meters are I1, I2, V1 and V2, as labelled on the diagram.
Co
Which is correct?
A
I1 > I2 and V1 > V2
I1 > I2 and V1 < V2
I1 < I2 and V1 > V2
I1 < I2 and V1 < V2
13
36 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit designed to provide a variable output p.d.
9702/01/O/N/04
5.0 k
9.0 V
aS
ha
ky
output
5.0 k
minimum output
3.0 V
4.5 V
9.0 V
9.0 V
4.5 V
Sa
jit
Ch
an
maximum output
dr
Which gives the available range of output p.d?
by
32 A copper wire of cross-sectional area 2.0 mm2 carries a current of 10 A.
9702/01/M/J/05
1.0 x 101
5.0 x 106
6.3 x 1019
ng
ed
How many electrons pass through a given cross-section of the wire in one second?
D
3.1 x 1025
ar
ra
33 A cylindrical piece of a soft, electrically-conducting material has resistance R. It is rolled out so

9702/01/M/J/05
that its length is doubled but its volume stays constant.
nd
R
2
re
What is its new resistance?

R
2R
4R
Co
pi
le
da
35 Which electrical component is represented by the following symbol?
a diode
a light-dependent resistor
a resistor
a thermistor
9702/01/M/J/05
14
34 The I-V characteristics of two electrical components P and Q are shown below.
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2.0
I/A
1.5
P
Q
ha
ky
1.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
V/V
Which statement is correct?

P is a resistor and Q is a filament lamp.
The resistance of Q increases as the current in it increases.
At 1.9 A the resistance of Q is approximately half that of P.
At 0.5 A the power dissipated in Q is double that in P.
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
0
0
dr
aS
0.5
ed
36 The diagram shows a circuit with four voltmeter readings V, V1, V2 and V3.
ng
ra
ar
re
nd
V1
V2
2R
Co
pi
le
da
V3
V
Which equation relating the voltmeter readings must be true?

A
V = V1 + V2 + V3
V + V1 = V2 + V3
V3 = 2(V2)
V V1 = V3
9702/01/M/J/05
15
37 In the circuit below, P is a potentiometer of total resistance 10 and Q is a fixed resistor of

resistance 10 . The battery has an e.m.f. of 4.0 V and negligible internal resistance. The
voltmeter has a very high resistance. The slider on the potentiometer is moved from X to Y and a
graph of voltmeter reading V is plotted against slider position.
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ky
ha
4.0 V
aS
an
dr
Ch
Which graph is obtained?
Sa
jit
slider position
ra
ed
ar
slider position
D
V
4
re
ng
by
da
nd
slider position
pi
le

Co
slider position
9702/01/M/J/06
16
32 The graphs show the variation with potential difference V of the current I for three circuit
components.
9702/01/O/N/05
graph X
graph Y
graph Z
dr
aS
ha
ky
semiconductor
diode
filament
lamp
by
Sa
metal wire
at constant
temperature
jit
Which row of the table correctly identifies these graphs?
Ch
an
The components are a metal wire at constant temperature, a semiconductor diode and a filament
lamp.
ra
ng
ed
nd
re
ar
33 Tensile strain may be measured by the change in electrical resistance of a strain gauge. A strain
gauge consists of folded fine metal wire mounted on a flexible insulating backing sheet. The
strain gauge is firmly attached to the specimen, so that the strain in the metal wire is always
identical to that in the specimen.
9702/01/O/N/05
strain gauge
pi
le
da
specimen
When the strain in the specimen is increased, what happens to the resistance of the wire?
It decreases, because the length decreases and the cross-sectional area increases.
It decreases, because the length increases and the cross-sectional area decreases.
It increases, because the length decreases and the cross-sectional area increases.
It increases, because the length increases and the cross-sectional area decreases.
Co
17
34 The graph shows how the electric current I through a conducting liquid varies with the potential
difference V across it.
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At which point on the graph does the liquid have the smallest resistance?
D
ky
ha
dr
light-dependent resistor
thermistor
by
fuse
ed
ng
variable resistor (rheostat)
Sa
What does this symbol represent?

A
9702/01/O/N/05
jit
35 An electrical component has the following circuit symbol.
an
Ch
aS
ar
ra
36 Three resistors are connected in series with a battery as shown in the diagram. The battery has
negligible internal resistance.
9702/01/O/N/05
180
6.0 V
da
nd
re
120
pi
le
150
What is the potential difference across the 180 resistor?

1.6 V
Co
2.4 V
3.6 V
6.0 V
29 Two heating coils X and Y, of resistance RX and RY respectively, deliver the same power when
12 V is applied across X and 6 V is applied across Y.
9702/01/O/N/07
What is the ratio RX / RY?
A
18
VL
dr
aS
ha
VT
ky
37 In the circuit below, the reading VT on the voltmeter changes from high to low as the temperature
of the thermistor changes. The reading VL on the voltmeter changes from high to low as the level
of light on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) changes.
9702/01/O/N/05
an
The readings on VT and VL are both high.
low
low
high
high
low
high
high
jit
low
Sa
by
light level
ed
temperature
Ch
What are the conditions of temperature and light level?
9702/01/M/J/06
10
10
10
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
35 The diagram shows an arrangement of resistors.
10
pi
What is the total electrical resistance between X and Y?
Co
less than 1
between 1 and 10
between 10 and 30
40
19
31 The current in the circuit is 4.8 A.
9702/01/M/J/06
ha
ky
6.0 1018 s1
in direction X to Y
3.0 1019 s1
in direction Y to X
6.0 1018 s1
in direction Y to X
dr
in direction X to Y
an
3.0 1019 s1
Ch
aS
What is the rate of flow and the direction of flow of electrons through the resistor R?
1000
by
ed
ng
2000
9702/01/M/J/06
Sa
500
jit
33 A p.d. of 12 V is connected between P and Q.
1000
4V
6V
8V
re
0V
ar
ra
What is the p.d. between X and Y?
9702/01/M/J/06
da
nd
34 The diagram shows a low-voltage circuit for heating the water in a fish tank.
heater
pi
le
source
Co
The heater has a resistance of 3.0 . The voltage source has an e.m.f. of 12 V and an internal
resistance of 1.0 .
At what rate does the voltage source supply energy to the heater?
27 W
36 W
48 W
64 W
20
ha
ky
aS
36 When four identical lamps P, Q, R and S are connected as shown in diagram 1, they have normal
brightness.
9702/01/M/J/06
diagram 2
dr
diagram 1
an
The four lamps and the battery are then connected as shown in diagram 2.
The lamps are less bright than normal.
The lamps have normal brightness.
The lamps are brighter than normal.
Sa
by
The lamps do not light.
ed
jit
Ch
9702/01/M/J/06
ar
ra
ng
37 The diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a thermistor forming a potential divider.
le
da
nd
re
Co
pi
Under which set of conditions will the potential difference across the thermistor have the greatest
value?
illumination
temperature
low
low
high
low
low
high
high
high
21
32
Which graph shows the I V characteristic of a filament lamp?

A
9702/01/O/N/06
35 The resistance of a device is designed to change with temperature.
a light-dependent resistor
a potential divider
a semiconductor diode
a thermistor
jit
Sa
by
36 The diagram represents a circuit.
ra
ng
ed
I2
ar
20.2 mA
10.6 mA
le
da
nd
re
I1
pi
Some currents have been shown on the diagram.
What are the currents I1 and I2?
Co
9702/01/O/N/06
Ch
an
What is the device?
aS
dr
ha
ky
I1
I2
0.2 mA
10.8 mA
0.2 mA
30.8 mA
0.2 mA
20.0 mA
0.2 mA
30.8 mA
10.8 mA
9702/01/O/N/06
22
33 An electrical component has a potential difference V across it and a current I through it. A graph
of I against V is drawn and is marked in three sections WX, XY and YZ.
9702/01/O/N/06
Z
I
ky
W
0
0
ha
aS
an
dr
In which ways does the resistance of the component vary within each of the three sections?
XY
YZ
constant
decreases
increases
constant
increases
increases
increases
decreases
constant
increases
increases
decreases
by
Sa
jit
Ch
WX
ng
ed
34 The diagram shows a potentiometer and a fixed resistor connected across a 12 V battery of
9702/01/O/N/06
ar
ra
20
re
12 V
20
da
nd
output
le
The fixed resistor and the potentiometer each have resistance 20 . The circuit is designed to
provide a variable output voltage.
pi
What is the range of output voltages?

06V
0 12 V
6 12 V
12 20 V
Co
32 The current in a resistor is 8.0 mA.
9702/01/M/J/07
What charge flows through the resistor in 0.020 s?

A
0.16 mC
1.6 mC
4.0 mC
0.40 C
23
37 Which circuit has a resistance of 40 between the terminals?
9702/01/O/N/06
A
100
100
100
100
100
aS
100
20
20
20
an
20
Ch
20
dr
C
20
100
ha
100
ky
100
20
Sa
jit
20
31 What is a correct statement of Ohms law?
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The potential difference across a component equals the current providing the resistance and
other physical conditions stay constant.
The potential difference across a component equals the current multiplied by the resistance.
The potential difference across a component is proportional to its resistance.
The potential difference across a component is proportional to the current in it providing

physical conditions stay constant.
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
34 A circuit is set up with an LDR and a fixed resistor as shown.
da
nd
re
9702/01/M/J/07
5k
le
9V
Co
pi
The voltmeter reads 4 V.
The light intensity is increased.

What is a possible voltmeter reading?
A
3V
4V
6V
8V
24
33 A cell of e.m.f. 2.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected to the network of resistors
shown.
9702/01/M/J/07
2.0 k
Q
3.0 k
aS
5.0 k
ha
2.0 V
ky
5.0 k
dr
an
V1 is the potential difference between S and P. V2 is the potential difference between S and Q.
+0.20 V
0.20 V
0.50 V
Sa
+0.50 V
jit
Ch
What is the value of V1 V2?
by
37 A researcher has two pieces of copper of the same volume. All of the first piece is made into a
cylindrical resistor P of length x.
9702/01/M/J/07
ed
current
ng
resistor P
re
ar
ra
All of the second piece is made into uniform wires each of the same length x which he connects
between two bars of negligible resistance to form a resistor Q.
current
bar of
negligible
resistance
wires
pi
le
da
nd
resistor Q
P has a larger resistance than Q.
Co
How do the electrical resistances of P and Q compare?
Q has a larger resistance than P.
P and Q have equal resistance.
Q may have a larger or smaller resistance than P, depending on the number of wires made.
25
Q/t
EQ
Qt
E/Q
Q/t
E/Q
Qt
ha
EQ
dr
an
current
jit
Ch
e.m.f.
aS
Which expressions give the e.m.f. of the battery and the current in the resistor?
ky
35 In the circuit below, the battery converts an amount E of chemical energy to electrical energy
when charge Q passes through the resistor in time t.
9702/01/M/J/07
9702/01/M/J/07
Sa
36 A battery has an e.m.f. of 3.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 .

battery
3.0 V
ra
ng
ed
by
2.0
ar
4.0
re
The battery is connected to a load of 4.0 .
V/V
P/W
da
nd
What are the terminal potential difference V and output power P?
1.0
0.50
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.5
Co
pi
le
31 Two wires P and Q have resistances RP and RQ respectively. Wire P is twice as long as wire Q
and has twice the diameter of wire Q. The wires are made of the same material.
9702/01/O/N/07
RP
?
What is the ratio
RQ
A
0.5
26
30 A battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to two 10 resistors in series.

9702/01/O/N/07
ky
10
ha
10
6.0 V
0.60 C
3.0 C
18 C
dr
0.30 C
aS
What charge flows through each of the 10 resistors in 1 minute?
jit
by
Sa
Ch
an
32 A potential divider consists of a fixed resistor R and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). 9702/01/O/N/07
ng
ed
ar
ra
What happens to the voltmeter reading, and why does it happen, when the intensity of light on
the LDR increases?
The voltmeter reading decreases because the LDR resistance decreases.
The voltmeter reading decreases because the LDR resistance increases.
The voltmeter reading increases because the LDR resistance decreases.
The voltmeter reading increases because the LDR resistance increases.
da
nd
re
pi
le
32 A power cable X has a resistance R and carries current I.
Co
A second cable Y has a resistance 2R and carries current
What is the ratio
1
4
9702/01/M/J/08
1
2
I.
power dissipated in Y
?
power dissipated in X
B
1
2
27
33 The circuit is designed to trigger an alarm system when the input voltage exceeds some preset
value. It does this by comparing Vout with a fixed reference voltage, which is set at 4.8 V.
9702/01/O/N/07
15 k
10 k
ky
Vin
dr
aS
ha
Vout
an
Vout is equal to 4.8 V.
7.2 V
9.6 V
12 V
jit
4.8 V
Ch
What is the input voltage Vin?
9702/01/O/N/07
Sa
34 A potentiometer is used as shown to compare the e.m.f.s of two cells.
ed
by
driver cell
0.90 m
ng
0.70 m
metre rule
re
ar
ra
nd
The balance points for cells X and Y are 0.70 m and 0.90 m respectively.
le
0.69 V
pi
da
If the e.m.f. of cell X is 1.1 V, what is the e.m.f. of cell Y?

0.86 V
0.99 V
1.4 V
28 Which electrical quantity would be the result of a calculation in which energy transfer is divided by
charge?
9702/01/O/N/07
current
power
resistance
Co
28
35 When four identical resistors are connected as shown in diagram 1, the ammeter reads 1.0 A and
the voltmeter reads zero.
9702/01/O/N/07
diagram 2
diagram 1
6.0 V
ky
6.0 V
aS
ha
dr
The resistors and meters are reconnected to the supply as shown in diagram 2.
1.0
3.0
0.5
3.0
1.0
6.0
Ch
ammeter reading / A
ed
by
Sa
jit
voltmeter reading / V
an
What are the meter readings in diagram 2?
ng
33 A total charge of 100 C flows through a 12 W light bulb in a time of 50 s.
9702/01/M/J/08
What is the potential difference across the bulb during this time?
B
2.0 V
6.0 V
24 V
ar
0.12 V
ra
re
34 Two copper wires X and Y have the same volume. Wire Y is four times as long as wire X.
4L
9702/01/M/J/08
le
da
nd
pi
What is the ratio

4
16
64
Co
resistance of wire Y
?
resistance of wire X
34 The charge that a fully-charged 12 V car battery can supply is 100 kC. The starter motor of the car
requires a current of 200 A for an average period of 2.0 s. The battery does not recharge because
of a fault.
9702/01/O/N/08
What is the maximum number of times the starter motor of the car can be used?
A
21
25
42
250
29
35 The potential difference across a resistor is 12 V. The current in the resistor is 2.0 A.
9702/01/M/J/08
4.0 C passes through the resistor.

What is the energy transferred and the time taken?
time / s
3.0
2.0
3.0
8.0
48
2.0
48
8.0
dr
aS
ha
ky
energy / J
Ch
an
36 A thermistor and another component are connected to a constant voltage supply. A voltmeter is
connected across one of the components. The temperature of the thermistor is then reduced but
no other changes are made.
9702/01/M/J/08
jit
In which circuit will the voltmeter reading increase?

A
ed
by
Sa
ra
ng
da
nd
re
ar
pi
le
31 Two wires P and Q made of the same material and of the same length are connected in parallel
to the same voltage supply. Wire P has diameter 2 mm and wire Q has diameter 1 mm.
Co
9702/01/O/N/08

current in Q
1
4
1
2
2
1
4
1
30
37 In the circuit shown, the 6.0 V battery has negligible internal resistance. Resistors R1 and R2 and
the voltmeter have resistance 100 k.
9702/01/M/J/08
6.0 V
R2
100 k
100 k
aS
ha
ky
R1
dr
100 k
30 A
40 A
60 A
Ch
20 A
an
What is the current in the resistor R2?
Sa
jit
38 The unknown e.m.f. E of a cell is to be determined using a potentiometer circuit. The balance
length is to be measured when the galvanometer records a null reading.
9702/01/M/J/08
What is the correct circuit to use?
ra
ng
ed
by
re
ar
Co
pi
le
da
nd
31 A 12 V battery is charged for 20 minutes by connecting it to a source of electromotive force

9702/01/M/J/09
(e.m.f.). The battery is supplied with 7.2 104 J of energy in this time.
How much charge flows into the battery?
A
5.0 C
60 C
100 C
6000 C
31
32 An electric power cable consists of six copper wires c surrounding a steel core s.
9702/01/O/N/08
c
c
c
s
c
c
c
ha
ky
1.0 km of one of the copper wires has a resistance of 10 and 1.0 km of the steel core has a
resistance of 100 .
0.61
1.6
160
610
dr
aS
What is the approximate resistance of a 1.0 km length of the power cable?
B
I
jit
Sa
Ch
an
33 Which graph best represents the way the current I through a filament lamp varies with the
potential difference V across it?
9702/01/O/N/08
0
0
0
0
0
0
ed
by
0
0
9702/01/O/N/08
12 V
10
10
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
35 The diagram shows a circuit containing three resistors in parallel.
le
da
pi
The battery has e.m.f. 12 V and negligible internal resistance. The ammeter reading is 3.2 A.
What is the resistance of X?
Co
2.1
4.6
6.0
15
33 A copper wire is cylindrical and has resistance R.
9702/11/O/N/10
What will be the resistance of a copper wire of twice the length and twice the radius?
A
R
4
R
2
2R
32
36 The e.m.f. of the battery is 9.0 V. The reading on the high-resistance voltmeter is 7.5 V.
9702/01/O/N/08
9.0 V
ky
aS
ha
15
0.10 A
0.50 A
0.60 A
2.0 A
an
dr
E1
ed
by
Sa
9702/01/O/N/08
jit
Ch
37 The diagram shows a potentiometer circuit.
ar
ra
E2
ng
nd
re
The contact T is placed on the wire and moved along the wire until the galvanometer reading is
zero. The length XT is then noted.
da
In order to calculate the potential difference per unit length on the wire XY, which value must also
be known?
A
le
the e.m.f. of the cell E2
pi
the resistance of the wire XY
Co
the resistance of resistor R
31 What is the unit of resistivity?

A
m2
m1
9702/11/M/J/10
33
32 What is meant by the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell?
9702/01/M/J/09
The e.m.f. of a cell is the energy converted into electrical energy when unit charge passes
through the cell.
The e.m.f. of a cell is the energy transferred by the cell in driving unit charge through the
external resistance.
The e.m.f. of a cell is the energy transferred by the cell in driving unit charge through the
internal resistance of the cell.
The e.m.f. of a cell is the amount of energy needed to bring a unit positive charge from
infinity to its positive pole.
aS
ha
ky
1.2 V
by
Sa
9.0
jit
Ch
3.0 V
an
dr
33 Two cells of e.m.f. 3.0 V and 1.2 V and negligible internal resistance are connected to resistors of
9702/01/M/J/09
resistance 9.0 and 18 as shown.
ed
18
0.20 A
0.30 A
0.47 A
ra
0.10 A
ng
What is the value of the current I in the 9.0 resistor?
9702/01/M/J/09
re
ar
30 Which amount of charge, flowing in the given time, will produce the largest current?
charge / C
time / s
1
4
1
4
le
da
nd
pi
35 A source of e.m.f. of 9.0 mV has an internal resistance of 6.0 .
Co
9702/11/M/J/10
It is connected across a galvanometer of resistance 30 .
What will be the current in the galvanometer?

A
250 A
300 A
1.5 mA
2.5 mA
34
34 Six identical 12 resistors are arranged in two groups, one with three in series and the other with
9702/01/M/J/09
three in parallel.
12
12
12
12
ky
12
parallel
0.25
4.0
36
36
0.25
36
4.0
Ch
4.0
jit
Sa
parallel
by
series
an
dr
What are the combined resistances of each of these two arrangements?
aS
series
ha
12
35 The diagrams show a light-dependent resistor in circuit P, and a thermistor in circuit Q.
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
9702/01/M/J/09
circuit P
circuit Q
pi
le
How does the potential difference across the fixed resistor in each circuit change when both the
brightness of the light on the light-dependent resistor and the temperature of the thermistor are
9702/01/M/J/09
increased?
circuit Q
decrease
decrease
decrease
increase
increase
decrease
increase
increase
Co
circuit P
35
30 A cell is connected to a resistor.
9702/11/O/N/09
aS
ha
ky
At any given moment, the potential difference across the cell is less than its electromotive force.
Which statement explains this?

The cell is continually discharging.
The connecting wire has some resistance.
Energy is needed to drive charge through the cell.
Power is used when there is a current in the resistor.
jit
Ch
an
dr
16
by
resistance /
9702/11/O/N/09
ng
ed
current / A
Sa
31 Which values of current and resistance will produce a rate of energy transfer of 16 J s1?
ar
ra
re
32 A cylindrical wire 4.0 m long has a resistance of 31 and is made of metal of resistivity
9702/11/O/N/09
1.0 106 m.
nd
What is the radius of cross-section of the wire?

1.0 108 m
2.0 108 m
le
6.4 108 m
pi
da
2.0 104 m
Co
9702/12/M/J/10

A
250 A
300 A
1.5 mA
2.5 mA
36
33 Each of Kirchhoff's two laws presumes that some quantity is conserved.
9702/11/O/N/09
Which row states Kirchhoff's first law and names the quantity that is conserved?
quantity
the algebraic sum of

currents into a junction is
zero
charge

zero
energy
the e.m.f. in a loop is

equal to the algebraic sum
of the product of current
and resistance round the
loop
charge

loop
energy
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
statement
34 The diagram shows the symbol for a wire carrying a current I.
9702/11/O/N/09
ed
ng
ra
What does this current represent?
the amount of charge flowing past a point in XY per second
the number of electrons flowing past a point in XY per second
the number of positive ions flowing past a point in XY per second
the number of protons flowing past a point in XY per second
da
nd
re
ar
le
36 A network of resistors consists of two 3.0 resistors and three 6.0 resistors.
pi
m
Co
6.0
3.0
6.0
X
Y
3.0
6.0
What is the combined resistance of this network between points X and Y?

A
0.86
1.2
3.5
24
9702/11/O/N/09
37
35 A potential divider consisting of resistors of resistance R1 and R2 is connected to an input

potential difference of V0 and gives an output p.d. of V.
9702/11/O/N/09
R2
ha
ky
V0
V
dr
aS
R1
V0 R 2
R1 + R 2
V0 ( R1 + R 2 )
R1
Ch
V0 R1
R1 + R 2
jit
V 0 R1
R2
an
What is the value of V ?
9702/12/O/N/09
Sa
29 A cell is connected to a resistor.
ra
ng
ed
by
At any given moment, the potential difference across the cell is less than its electromotive force.
ar
Which statement explains this?
The cell is continually discharging.
The connecting wire has some resistance.
Energy is needed to drive charge through the cell.
Power is used when there is a current in the resistor.
le
da
nd
re
pi
31 A cylindrical wire 4.0 m long has a resistance of 31 and is made of metal of resistivity
1.0 106 m.
9702/12/O/N/09
Co
What is the radius of cross-section of the wire?

A
1.0 108 m
2.0 108 m
6.4 108 m
2.0 104 m
38
30 Which values of current and resistance will produce a rate of energy transfer of 16 J s1?
9702/12/O/N/09
resistance /
16
aS
ha
ky
current / A
9702/12/O/N/09
quantity
charge

zero
energy

loop

loop
by
Sa
jit

zero
Ch
statement
an
dr
energy
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
charge
le
da
33 The diagram shows the symbol for a wire carrying a current I.
9702/12/O/N/09
I
X
pi
What does this current represent?

the amount of charge flowing past a point in XY per second
the number of electrons flowing past a point in XY per second
the number of positive ions flowing past a point in XY per second
the number of protons flowing past a point in XY per second
Co
39
34 A potential divider consisting of resistors of resistance R1 and R2 is connected to an input

potential difference of V0 and gives an output p.d. of V.
9702/12/O/N/09
ky
R2
ha
V0
V
What is the value of V ?

V0 R1
R1 + R 2
V0 R 2
R1 + R 2
V0 ( R1 + R 2 )
R1
jit
Ch
V 0 R1
R2
an
dr
aS
R1
Sa
35 A network of resistors consists of two 3.0 resistors and three 6.0 resistors.
6.0
by
3.0
6.0
ed
9702/12/O/N/09
3.0
ra
ng
6.0
1.2
nd
re
0.86
ar
What is the combined resistance of this network between points X and Y?

C
3.5
24
9702/11/M/J/10
pi
le
da
33 The resistors P, Q and R in the circuit have equal resistance.
Co
The battery, of negligible internal resistance, supplies a total power of 12 W.

What is the power dissipated by heating in resistor R?
A
2W
3W
4W
6W
40
32 The resistance of a thermistor depends on its temperature, and the resistance of a

light-dependent resistor (LDR) depends on the illumination.
9702/11/M/J/10
highest illumination
highest temperature
lowest illumination
lowest temperature
lowest temperature
lowest illumination
ky
highest temperature
ha
aS
LDR
dr
thermistor
Under which conditions will the resistance of both a thermistor and an LDR be highest?
an
34 In deriving a formula for the combined resistance of three different resistors in series, Kirchhoffs
laws are used.
9702/11/M/J/10
Ch
Which physics principle is involved in this derivation?

the conservation of charge
the direction of the flow of charge is from negative to positive
the potential difference across each resistor is the same
the current varies in each resistor, in proportion to the resistor value
by
Sa
jit
ed
36 In each arrangement of resistors, the ammeter has a resistance of 2 .
ng
9702/11/M/J/10
ra
Which arrangement gives the largest reading on the ammeter when the same potential difference
is applied between points P and Q?
re
A
P
Q
2
D
1
1
A
A
Q
Co
pi
le
da
nd
ar

A
m2
m1
9702/12/M/J/10
41

9702/12/M/J/10
highest temperature
lowest illumination
lowest temperature
lowest temperature
lowest illumination
ky
highest temperature
ha
aS
LDR
dr
thermistor
an
9702/12/M/J/10
Ch
Sa
2
A
Q
D
1
ar
A
Q
re
A
2
ra
ng
ed
by
jit
nd
da

9702/13/M/J/10
pi
le
LDR
highest temperature
highest temperature
lowest illumination
lowest temperature
lowest temperature
lowest illumination
Co
thermistor
42
9702/12/M/J/10
aS
ha
ky
dr
3W
4W
6W
Ch
2W
an
Sa
jit
laws are used.
9702/12/M/J/10
ra
ng
ed
by
ar
9702/13/M/J/10
re
250 A
300 A
1.5 mA
2.5 mA
da
nd
pi
le
laws are used.
9702/13/M/J/10

Co
43
9702/13/M/J/10
2
A
A
P
ha
dr
D
1
aS
2
C
ky
an
1
A
Q
Ch
Sa
jit
by
Q
ar
ra
ng
ed
9702/13/M/J/10
re
da
2W
nd

B
3W
4W
6W
pi
le
30 Which electrical component is represented by the following symbol?
a diode
a potentiometer
a resistor
a thermistor
Co
9702/12/O/N/10
44
31 The current in the circuit shown is 4.8 A.
9702/11/O/N/10
ha
ky
3.0 1019 s1
X to Y
6.0 1018 s1
Y to X
3.0 1019 s1
Y to X
6.0 1018 s1
dr
X to Y
an
Ch
rate of flow
jit
direction of flow
aS
What is the direction of flow and the rate of flow of electrons through the resistor R?
9702/11/O/N/10
ra
ng
ed
by
Sa
32 Which component has the I-V graph shown?
ar
filament lamp
semiconductor diode
thermistor
le
da
nd
re
pi
35 The diagram shows part of a circuit.
9702/11/O/N/10
40
Co
160
120
What is the total resistance of the combination of the three resistors?

A
320
240
190
80
45
9702/12/O/N/10
6.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
ky
3.0
4.0
dr
6.0
aS
ha
4.0
4.0
10
37
Ch
1.3
an
What is the resistance between the points P and Q due to the resistance network?
9702/11/O/N/10
jit
Sa
10
by
ng
ed
10
10
ar
ra
10
re

less than 1
between 1 and 10
between 10 and 30
40
pi
le
da
nd
31 When there is no current in a wire, which statement about the conduction electrons in that wire
is correct?
9702/12/O/N/10
Electrons in the wire are moving totally randomly within the wire.
Equal numbers of electrons move at the same speed, but in opposite directions, along the
wire.
No current is flowing therefore the electrons in the wire are stationary.
No current is flowing therefore the electrons in the wire are vibrating around a fixed point.
Co
46

voltmeter has a very high resistance.
9702/11/O/N/10
X
ky
ha
4.0 V
dr
aS
an
The slider on the potentiometer is moved from X to Y and a graph of voltmeter reading V is
plotted against slider position.
Ch
Which graph would be obtained?

B
V
4
by
jit
V
4
ed
0
X
V
4
Sa
V
4
slider position
Y
slider position
Y
slider position
ra
ng
slider position
32 The current in the circuit shown is 4.8 A.
le
da
nd
re
ar
9702/13/O/N/10
R
X
Co
pi
What is the direction of flow and the rate of flow of electrons through the resistor R?
direction of flow
rate of flow
X to Y
3.0 1019 s1
X to Y
6.0 1018 s1
Y to X
3.0 1019 s1
Y to X
6.0 1018 s1
47
32 A high-resistance voltmeter connected across a battery reads 6.0 V.
9702/12/O/N/10
When the battery is connected in series with a lamp of resistance of 10 , the voltmeter reading
falls to 5.6 V.
Which statement explains this observation?
The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery decreases because more work is done across
its internal resistance.
The e.m.f. of the battery decreases because work is done across the lamp.
The potential difference (p.d.) across the battery decreases because more work is done
across its internal resistance.
The p.d. across the battery decreases because work is done across the lamp.
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
Ch
31 A relay is required to operate 800 m from its power supply. The power supply has negligible
internal resistance. The relay requires 16.0 V and a current of 0.60 A to operate.
9702/13/O/N/10
jit
A cable connects the relay to the power supply and two of the wires in the cable are used to
supply power to the relay.
Sa
The resistance of each of these wires is 0.0050 per metre.

B
m1
ra
m2
20.8 V
29.3 V
9702/13/M/J/10
ar
18.4 V
ed
16.6 V
ng
by
What is the minimum output e.m.f. of the power supply?
nd
re
9702/13/O/N/10
40
da
160
le
120
pi
What is the total resistance of the combination of the three resistors?

320
240
190
80
Co

A
1.0 101
5.0 106
6.3 1019
3.1 1025
9702/11/M/J/11
48
33 A battery of e.m.f. 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 is connected in series with an ammeter of
negligible resistance and an external resistor. External resistors of various different values are
used.
9702/12/O/N/10
12 V
ha
ky
2.0
aS
1.0
10
1.2
1.5
1.8
an
external resistor
value /
by
Sa
jit
Ch
current / A
dr
Which combination of current and resistor value is not correct?
ra
ng
ed
34 A wire PQ is made of three different materials, with resistivities , 2 and 3. There is a current I
in this composite wire, as shown.
9702/12/O/N/10
ar
re
Which graph best shows how the potential V along the wire varies with distance x from P?
B
nd
le
da
0
0
0
0
Co
pi
C
V
0
0
0
0
49
36 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit.
ky
9702/12/O/N/10
aS
ha
output
voltage
dr
The light level increases.
output voltage
decreases
decreases
decreases
increases
increases
decreases
increases
increases
ng
ed
by
Sa
jit
resistance
of the LDR
Ch
an
What is the effect on the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and on the output
voltage?
ra
34 A relay is required to operate 800 m from its power supply. The power supply has negligible
9702/11/O/N/10
internal resistance. The relay requires 16.0 V and a current of 0.60 A to operate.
re
ar
A cable connects the relay to the power supply and two of the wires in the cable are used to
supply power to the relay.
nd
The resistance of each of these wires is 0.0050 per metre.
da
What is the minimum output e.m.f. of the power supply?

A
18.4 V
20.8 V
29.3 V
le
16.6 V
9702/11/M/J/11
pi
32 A battery is marked 9.0 V.
What does this mean?

Each coulomb of charge from the battery supplies 9.0 J of electrical energy to the whole
circuit.
The battery supplies 9.0 J to an external circuit for each coulomb of charge.
The potential difference across any component connected to the battery will be 9.0 V.
There will always be 9.0 V across the battery terminals.
Co
50
37 Three resistors, with resistances R1, R2 and R3, are connected in series and are found to have a
combined resistance of 500 . When connected in parallel, the combined resistance is found to
9702/12/O/N/10
be 50 .
R2 /
R3 /
160
160
80
200
200
100
225
225
50
230
230
40
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
R1 /
Which values will correspond to these results?
9702/13/O/N/10
Ch
R
2
2R
Sa
jit
R
4
ed
by

9702/13/O/N/10
ra
ng
ar
4.0 V
nd
re
da
le
Co
V
4
pi
V
4
V
4
V
4
0
X
Y
slider position
Y
slider position
Y
slider position
Y
slider position
51
36 Which component has the I-V graph shown?
9702/13/O/N/10
semiconductor diode
thermistor
Ch
9702/13/O/N/10
Sa
10
jit
by
10
10
ar
ra
ng
ed
10
aS
filament lamp
an
dr
ha
ky
re

less than 1
between 1 and 10
between 10 and 30
40
pi
le
da
nd
Co
32 What describes the electric potential difference between two points in a wire that carries a
9702/12/M/J/11
current?
A
the force required to move a unit positive charge between the points
the ratio of the energy dissipated between the points to the current
the ratio of the power dissipated between the points to the current
the ratio of the power dissipated between the points to the charge moved
52
33 The graphs show possible current-voltage (I-V ) relationships for a filament lamp and for a
semiconductor diode.
9702/11/M/J/11
P
Q
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
aS
0
0
ha
ky
semiconductor
diode
ed
by
Sa
jit
Ch
filament lamp
an
dr
Which row best specifies the correct I-V graphs for the lamp and the diode?
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
37 In the circuit shown, XY is a length L of uniform resistance wire. R1 and R2 are unknown resistors.
J is a sliding contact that joins the junction of R1 and R2 to points on XY through a small signal
lamp S.
9702/11/M/J/11
da
S
R1
pi
le
R2
V1
of the potential differences across R1 and R2, a point is found on XY at
V2
which the lamp is off. This point is at a distance x from X.
Co
To determine the ratio
What is the value of the ratio

A
L
x
x
L
V1
?
V2
Lx
x
x
Lx
53
35 The diagram shows part of a current-carrying circuit. The ammeter has negligible internal
resistance.
9702/11/M/J/11
1.0
ky
2.0
A
5.0 A
ha
5.0 A
aS
5.0
0.7 A
1.3 A
1.5 A
Ch
36 Four resistors of equal value are connected as shown.
1.7 A
an
dr
What is the reading on the ammeter?
Sa
jit
9702/11/M/J/11
by
ng
ed
ra
How will the powers to the resistors change when resistor W is removed?
The powers to X, Y and Z will all increase.
The power to X will decrease and the powers to Y and Z will increase.
The power to X will increase and the powers to Y and Z will decrease.
The power to X will increase and the powers to Y and Z will remain unaltered.
da
nd
re
ar
le
35 Which graph best represents the way in which the current I through a thermistor depends upon
the potential difference V across it?
9702/12/M/J/11
B
pi
Co
0
V
0
V
0
V
54
33 A cylindrical piece of a soft, electrically-conducting material has resistance R. It is rolled out so

that its length is doubled but its volume stays constant.
9702/12/M/J/11
What is its new resistance?
R
2
2R
4R
ky
aS
ha
34 A source of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E has a constant internal resistance r and is connected to
an external variable resistor of resistance R.
9702/12/M/J/11
As R is increased from a value below r to a value above r, which statement is correct?
The terminal potential difference remains constant.
The current in the circuit increases.
The e.m.f. of the source increases.
The largest output power is obtained when R reaches r.
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
36 Safety on railways is increased by using several electrical switches.
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
In the diagram, switches P, Q, R, S and T control the current through a green lamp.
re
nd
green lamp
da
le
Which row does not allow the green lamp to light?

Q
closed
closed
closed
open
closed
closed
open
closed
closed
open
closed
open
open
closed
closed
open
open
closed
open
closed
Co
pi
9702/12/M/J/11
55
34 The resistance of a metal cube is measured by placing it between two parallel plates, as shown.
9702/11/M/J/11
ha
ky
dr
aS
The cube has volume V and is made of a material with resistivity . The connections to the cube
have negligible resistance.
1
3
2
3
1
3
2
3
9702/13/M/J/11
Sa
jit
31 A battery is marked 9.0 V.
Ch
an
Which expression gives the electrical resistance of the metal cube between X and Y?
What does this mean?
Each coulomb of charge from the battery supplies 9.0 J of electrical energy to the whole
circuit.
The battery supplies 9.0 J to an external circuit for each coulomb of charge.
The potential difference across any component connected to the battery will be 9.0 V.
There will always be 9.0 V across the battery terminals.
ra
ng
ed
by
ar
33 Four resistors of equal value are connected as shown.
pi
le
da
nd
re
9702/13/M/J/11
Co
How will the powers to the resistors change when resistor W is removed?
A
The powers to X, Y and Z will all increase.
The power to X will decrease and the powers to Y and Z will increase.
The power to X will increase and the powers to Y and Z will decrease.
The power to X will increase and the powers to Y and Z will remain unaltered.
56
37 The diagram shows a fixed resistor and a light-dependent resistor (LDR) in series with a constant
9702/12/M/J/11
low-voltage supply.
ha
ky
aS
When the LDR is in the dark, the fixed resistor and the LDR have the same value of resistance.
dr
Light is shone on the LDR.
decreased
increased
increased
decreased
no change
increased
no change
decreased
Ch
p.d. across LDR
ed
by
Sa
jit
p.d. across resistor
an
What happens to the potential differences across the two components?
ng
34 The graphs show possible current-voltage (I-V ) relationships for a filament lamp and for a
9702/13/M/J/11
R
I
nd
re
ar
ra
da
0
0
0
0
0
0
pi
le
Which row best specifies the correct I-V graphs for the lamp and the diode?
semiconductor
diode
Co
filament lamp
0
0
57
38 The diagram shows a d.c. circuit.
9702/12/M/J/11
6
3
ha
ky
What is the resistance between the points P and Q due to the resistance network?
2.1
3.0
21
dr
aS
0.47
9702/13/M/J/11
an
1.0 101
5.0 106
6.3 1019
3.1 1025
jit
Ch
Sa
35 The resistance of a metal cube is measured by placing it between two parallel plates, as shown.
ed
by
9702/13/M/J/11
ar
ra
ng
re
The cube has volume V and is made of a material with resistivity . The connections to the cube
have negligible resistance.
1
3
2
3
1
3
le
da
nd
Which expression gives the electrical resistance of the metal cube between X and Y?
2
3
9702/11/O/N/11
pi
35 Which statement is not valid?
Current is the speed of the charged particles that carry it.
Electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the energy converted to electrical energy from other forms, per
unit charge.
The potential difference (p.d.) between two points is the work done in moving unit charge
from one point to the other.
The resistance between two points is the p.d. between the two points, per unit current.
Co
58
36 In the circuit shown, XY is a length L of uniform resistance wire. R1 and R2 are unknown resistors.
J is a sliding contact that joins the junction of R1 and R2 to points on XY through a small signal
lamp S.
9702/13/M/J/11
L
Y
ky
ha
R1
aS
an
dr
R2
V1
of the potential differences across R1 and R2, a point is found on XY at
V2
which the lamp is off. This point is at a distance x from X.
x
L
Lx
x
x
Lx
ed
Sa
L
x
V1
?
V2
by
What is the value of the ratio
jit
Ch
To determine the ratio
ng
37 A cell, two resistors of equal resistance and an ammeter are used to construct four circuits. The
9702/11/O/N/11
resistors are the only parts of the circuits that have resistance.
da
nd
re
ar
ra
In which circuit will the ammeter show the greatest reading?
le
pi
A
D
Co
59
36 A cell of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r is connected in series with a switch S and an external
9702/11/O/N/11
resistor of resistance R.
r
ky
aS
ha
dr
The p.d. between P and Q is V.
an
When S is closed,
V decreases because there is a p.d. across R.
V decreases because there is a p.d. across r.
V remains the same because the decrease of p.d. across r is balanced by the increase of
p.d. across R.
V remains the same because the sum of the p.d.s across r and R is still equal to E.
by
Sa
jit
Ch
ed
34 Which of the equations that link some of the following terms is correct?
V
current
ra
ng
potential difference (p.d.)
ar
resistance
Q 2R
t
le
P=
pi
da
nd
re
charge
ER 2 = V 2t
VI
=t
P
PQ = EI
Co
R
Q
energy
power
time
9702/11/O/N/11
60
9702/11/O/N/11
5.0 k
output
ky
9.0 V
aS
ha
5.0 k
minimum output
3.0 V
4.5 V
9.0 V
9.0 V
4.5 V
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
maximum output
dr
Which row gives the available range of output p.d.?
ra
ng
ed
37 The diagram shows part of a current-carrying circuit. The ammeter has negligible internal
resistance.
9702/13/M/J/11
1.0
2.0
A
nd
re
ar
5.0 A
5.0 A
5.0

A
1.3 A
1.5 A
1.7 A
le
da
0.7 A
33 There is a current of 10 mA in a conductor for half an hour.
pi
9702/11/M/J/12
How much charge passes a point in the conductor in this time?
Co
0.3 C
5C
18 C
300 C
32 A charge of 8.0 C passes through a resistor of resistance 30 at a constant rate in a time of 20 s.

9702/12/O/N/11
What is the potential difference across the resistor?

A
0.40 V
5.3 V
12 V
75 V
61
38 Three resistors of resistance R, 2R and 3R are connected in parallel.
9702/11/O/N/11
2R
ha
ky
3R
aS
Using I to represent the current through the resistor of resistance R, which row represents the
relationships between the currents through the resistors?
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
3
1
3
2I
Ch
an
3R
jit
2R
3I
by
Sa
dr
resistor resistance
9702/11/M/J/12
ed
34 An iron wire has length 8.0 m and diameter 0.50 mm. The wire has resistance R.
ng
A second iron wire has length 2.0 m and diameter 1.0 mm.
R
16
R
8
ar
R
2
re
ra
What is the resistance of the second wire?
nd
34 Two electrically-conducting cylinders X and Y are made from the same material.
Y
2D
pi
le
da
Their dimensions are as shown.
Co
2L
The resistance of each cylinder is measured between its ends.

What is the ratio resistance of X ?
resistance of Y
A
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
9702/12/O/N/11
62
33 The graph shows the variation with potential difference (p.d.) of the current in a lamp filament.
9702/12/O/N/11
aS
ha
ky
current
p.d.
dr
Which statement explains the shape of this graph?
As the filament temperature rises, electrons can pass more easily through the filament.
It takes time for the filament to reach its working temperature.
The power output of the filament is proportional to the square of the current in it.
The resistance of the filament increases with a rise in temperature.
Sa
jit
Ch
an
by
35 A power supply of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 V and internal resistance 2 is connected in

series with a load resistor. The value of the load resistor is varied from 0.5 to 4 . 9702/12/O/N/11
ed
Which graph shows how the power P dissipated in the load resistor varies with the resistance of
the load resistor?
ra
resistance of load /
2
3
4
pi
le
da
nd
re
ar
ng
Co
2
3
4
63
37 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit which, by adjustment of the contact X, can be used
9702/12/O/N/11
to provide a variable potential difference between the terminals P and Q.
25 V
ky
4 k
ha
What are the limits of this potential difference?

C
0 and 20 V
0 and 25 V
5 V and 25 V
Ch
0 and 5 V
jit
an
dr
aS
1 k
9702/12/O/N/11
Sa
36 Each of Kirchhoffs laws is linked to the conservation of a physical quantity.
Kirchhoffs
second law
energy
charge
energy
momentum
charge
energy
momentum
ar
ra
ng
ed
Kirchhoffs
first law
by
Which physical quantities are assumed to be conserved in the formulation of Kirchhoffs first law
and of Kirchhoffs second law?
nd
re
energy
The resistivity of a material is numerically equal to the resistance in ohms of a one metre
length of wire of that material, the area of cross-section of the wire being one square
millimetre and the resistance being measured between the ends of the wire.
Co
pi
The resistivity of a material is numerically equal to the resistance in ohms of a cube of that
material, the cube being of side length one metre and the resistance being measured
between opposite faces.
le
9702/11/O/N/11
da
33 Which statement about electrical resistivity is correct?
The resistivity of a material is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the sample of the
material used in the measurement.
The resistivity of a material is proportional to the length of the sample of the material used in
the measurement.
64
38 A constant 60 V d.c. supply is connected across two resistors of resistance 400 k and 200 k.
9702/12/O/N/11
60 V
d.c. supply
ky
400 k
aS
ha
200 k
200 k
12 V
15 V
20 V
30 V
Ch
an
dr
What is the reading on a voltmeter, also of resistance 200 k, when connected across the
200 k resistor as shown in the diagram?
jit
9702/13/O/N/11
Electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the energy converted to electrical energy from other forms, per
unit charge.
The potential difference (p.d.) between two points is the work done in moving unit charge
from one point to the other.
The resistance between two points is the p.d. between the two points, per unit current.
ra
ng
ed
by
Sa
38 The circuit below has a current I in the resistor R.
pi
le
da
nd
re
ar
9702/11/M/J/12
3A
4A
What must be known in order to determine the value of I ?

e.m.f. of the power supply
resistance of resistor S
Kirchhoffs first law
Kirchhoffs second law
Co
65
36 A cell, two resistors of equal resistance and an ammeter are used to construct four circuits. The
9702/13/O/N/11
resistors are the only parts of the circuits that have resistance.
In which circuit will the ammeter show the greatest reading?
B
ha
ky
aS
an
dr
Sa
jit
Ch
ng
ed
by
ra
37 Three resistors of resistance R, 2R and 3R are connected in parallel.
9702/13/O/N/11
ar
nd
re
2R
da
3R
Co
pi
le
Using I to represent the current through the resistor of resistance R, which row represents the
relationships between the currents through the resistors?
resistor resistance
R
2R
1
3
3R
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
3
1
3
2I
3I
66
38 A cell of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r is connected in series with a switch S and an external
resistor of resistance R.
9702/13/O/N/11
r
ky
ha
aS
The p.d. between P and Q is V.
dr
When S is closed,
V decreases because there is a p.d. across R.
V decreases because there is a p.d. across r.
V remains the same because the decrease of p.d. across r is balanced by the increase of
p.d. across R.
V remains the same because the sum of the p.d.s across r and R is still equal to E.
Sa
jit
Ch
an
ng
LDR
R
0V
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
+10 V
ed
by
37 A potential divider consists of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) in series with a variable resistor of
resistance R. The resistance of the LDR decreases when the light level increases. The variable
resistor can be set at either high resistance or low resistance.
9702/11/M/J/12
pi
Which situation gives the largest output voltage?

R
high
high
high
low
low
high
low
low
Co
light level at LDR
output
voltage
67
9702/13/O/N/11
5.0 k
output
9.0 V
ha
ky
5.0 k
3.0 V
4.5 V
9.0 V
9.0 V
4.5 V
dr
minimum output
Sa
jit
Ch
an
maximum output
aS
Which row gives the available range of output p.d.?
by
33 Two copper wires of the same length but different diameters carry the same current.
9702/12/M/J/12
ed
Which statement about the flow of charged particles through the wires is correct?
Charged particles are provided by the power supply. Therefore the speed at which they
travel depends only on the voltage of the supply.
The charged particles in both wires move with the same average speed because the current
in both wires is the same.
The charged particles move faster through the wire with the larger diameter because there is
a greater volume through which to flow.
The charged particles move faster through the wire with the smaller diameter because it has
a larger potential difference applied to it.
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
34 A power cable X has resistance R and carries current I.
le
9702/12/M/J/12
Co
pi
A second cable Y has resistance 2R and carries current 1 I.

2
power dissipated in Y
What is the ratio
?
power dissipated in X
1
4
1
2
68
36 In the circuit below, the ammeter reading is I and the voltmeter reading is V.
9702/11/M/J/12
aS
ha
ky
decreases
decreases to zero
increases
decreases to zero
increases
stays the same
stays the same
increases
Ch
by
Sa
jit
an
dr
When the switch is closed, which row describes what happens to I and V ?
ed
35 The diagram shows a circuit with four voltmeter readings V, V1, V2 and V3.
ng
V1
pi
m
Co
V2
2R
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
V3
V
Which equation relating the voltmeter readings must be true?

A
V = V1 + V2 + V3
V + V1 = V2 + V3
V3 = 2(V2)
V V1 = V3
9702/12/M/J/12
69
35 Which statement about electrical resistivity is correct?
9702/13/O/N/11
The resistivity of a material is numerically equal to the resistance in ohms of a cube of that
material, the cube being of side length one metre and the resistance being measured
between opposite faces.
The resistivity of a material is numerically equal to the resistance in ohms of a one metre
length of wire of that material, the area of cross-section of the wire being one square
millimetre and the resistance being measured between the ends of the wire.
The resistivity of a material is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the sample of the
material used in the measurement.
The resistivity of a material is proportional to the length of the sample of the material used in
the measurement.
dr
aS
ha
ky
an
35 The diagram shows a simple circuit.
jit
Ch
9702/11/M/J/12
Sa
by
When switch S is closed, the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery falls because work is
done against the internal resistance of the battery.
When switch S is closed, the e.m.f. of the battery falls because work is done against the
resistance R.
When switch S is closed, the potential difference across the battery falls because work is
done against the resistance R.
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
9702/13/M/J/12
da
le
pi
R
16
R
8
R
2
Co
34 There is a current of 10 mA in a conductor for half an hour.
9702/13/M/J/12
How much charge passes a point in the conductor in this time?

A
0.3 C
5C
18 C
300 C
70
39 Which of the equations that link some of the following terms is correct?
resistance
charge
energy
power
time
VI
=t
P
PQ = EI
an
Ch
ER 2 = V 2t
jit
Sa
P=
dr
Q 2R
t
ky
current
ha
aS
9702/13/O/N/11
LDR
R
0V
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
+10 V
ed
by
38 A potential divider consists of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) in series with a variable resistor of
resistance R. The resistance of the LDR decreases when the light level increases. The variable
resistor can be set at either high resistance or low resistance.
9702/13/M/J/12
pi
Which situation gives the largest output voltage?

R
high
high
high
low
low
high
low
low
Co
light level at LDR
output
voltage
71
37 The diagram shows the circuit for a signal to display a green or a red light. It is controlled by the
switch S.
9702/12/M/J/12
G
g
green
S
R
red
ky
12 V
ha
black
dr
aS
The signal is some way from S to which it is connected by a cable with green, red and black
wires. At the signal, the green and red wires are connected to the corresponding lamp and the
black wire is connected to a terminal x to provide a common return. The arrangement is shown
correctly connected and with the switch set to illuminate the red lamp.
Ch
an
During maintenance, the wires at the signal are disconnected and, when reconnected, the black
wire is connected in error to the green lamp (terminal g) instead of terminal x. The red wire is
connected correctly to its lamp and connections at S remain as in the diagram.
green
Sa
jit
black
by
red
ed
12 V
ng
When the system is tested with the switch connection to the red wire, what does the signal show?
the green lamp illuminated normally
the red lamp illuminated normally
the red and green lamps both illuminated normally
the red and green lamps both illuminated dimly
nd
re
ar
ra
le
da
35 In a fire alarm system, a thermistor T has a resistance of 2000 at room temperature. Its
resistance decreases as the temperature increases. The alarm is triggered when the potential
difference between X and Y reaches 4.5 V.
9702/11/O/N/12
Co
pi
12 V
150
T
X
What is the resistance of the thermistor when the alarm is triggered?

A
90
150
250
1300
72
35 In the circuit below, the ammeter reading is I and the voltmeter reading is V.
9702/13/M/J/12
aS
ha
ky
decreases
decreases to zero
increases
decreases to zero
increases
stays the same
stays the same
increases
Ch
Sa
jit
an
dr
When the switch is closed, which row describes what happens to I and V ?
by
36 A light-dependent resistor (LDR) is connected in series with a resistor R and a battery.
ed
9702/12/M/J/12
ra
ng
LDR
re
ar
nd
The resistance of the LDR is equal to the resistance of R when no light falls on the LDR.
da
When the light intensity falling on the LDR increases, which statement is correct?
The current in R decreases.
The current in the LDR decreases.
The p.d. across R decreases.
The p.d. across the LDR decreases.
Co
pi
le
32 The potential difference between point X and point Y in a circuit is 20V. The time taken for charge
carriers to move from X to Y is 15 s. In this time, the energy of the charge carriers changes by
12 J.
9702/11/O/N/12
What is the current between X and Y?
A
0.040 A
0.11 A
9.0 A
25 A
73
38 Four identical resistors are connected in the three networks below.

2
ha
dr
an
Ch
lowest
jit
highest
aS
Which arrangement has the highest total resistance and which has the lowest?
ky
9702/12/M/J/12
9702/13/M/J/12
by
Sa
ed
ng
resistance R.
done against the resistance R.
da
nd
re
ar
ra
le
33 A cylindrical wire of length 10 m and diameter 2.0 mm has a resistance of 0.050 .
Co
pi
From which material is the wire made?

material
resistivity / m
bronze
1.6 107
nichrome
1.6 106
silver
1.6 108
zinc
6.3 108
9702/11/O/N/12
74
37 The circuit below has a current I in the resistor R.
3A
9702/13/M/J/12
aS
ha
ky
4A
e.m.f. of the power supply
resistance of resistor S
Kirchhoffs first law
Kirchhoffs second law
jit
Ch
an
dr
What must be known in order to determine the value of I ?
Sa
34 The I-V characteristics of two electrical components P and Q are shown below.
by
2.0
ed
I/A
P
Q
ar
ra
1.0
ng
1.5
0
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
V/V
le
da
nd
re
0.5
pi
Co
P is a resistor and Q is a filament lamp.

The resistance of Q increases as the current in it increases.
For a current of 1.9 A, the resistance of Q is approximately half that of P.
For a current of 0.5 A, the power dissipated in Q is double that in P.
9702/11/O/N/12
75
34 The graph shows the variation with length l of resistance R for two wires X and Y made from the
same material.
9702/12/O/N/12
20
10
aS
ha
ky
R/
0
0.2
0.4
l /m
an
What does the graph show?
0.6
dr
cross-sectional area of X = 2 cross-sectional area of Y
resistivity of X = 2 resistivity of Y
when equal lengths of X and Y are connected in series to a battery,

power in X = 2 power in Y
when equal lengths of X and Y are connected in parallel to a battery,

current in X = 2 current in Y
ed
by
Sa
jit
Ch
ng
35 A cell of internal resistance 2.0 and electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.5 V is connected to a resistor
9702/12/O/N/12
of resistance 3.0 .
1.2 V
0.9 V
0.6 V
re
1.5 V
ar
ra
What is the potential difference across the 3.0 resistor?
nd
36 A 100 resistor conducts a current with changing direction and magnitude, as shown.
9702/12/O/N/12
da
pi
le
current / A
0
time
Co
What is the mean power dissipated in the resistor?

A
100 W
150 W
250 W
400 W
76
ky
36 A network of electrical components is connected across a battery of negligible internal resistance,

as shown.
9702/11/O/N/12
aS
ha
voltmeter
decreases
increases
increases
decreases
unchanged
decreases
unchanged
increases
E1
9702/11/O/N/12
E2
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
37 The diagram shows a potentiometer circuit.
by
Sa
jit
Ch
ammeter
an
What is the effect on the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter?
dr
The resistance of the variable resistor is increased.
pi
le
The contact T is placed on the wire and moved along the wire until the galvanometer reading is
zero. The length XT is then noted.
Co
In order to calculate the potential difference per unit length of the wire XY, which value must also
be known?
A
the resistance of resistor R
the resistance of the wire XY
77
37 The ammeter reading in the circuit below is I.

+
9702/12/O/N/12
ky
aS
dr
ha
Another circuit containing the same voltage supply, two switches, an ammeter and two resistors
each of resistance R, is shown.
an
S2
Sa
jit
Ch
S1
S1
S2
ammeter
reading
closed
closed
ed
by
Which row is not correct?
closed
open
open
closed
open
open
re
ar
ra
ng
da
nd
32 A power supply of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 is connected in
series with a 13 resistor.
9702/11/M/J/13
2.0
pi
le
12 V
Co
13
What is the power dissipated in the 13 resistor?

A
8.3 W
9.6 W
10 W
11 W
78
38 A light-dependent resistor R has resistance of about 1 M in the dark and about 1 k when
illuminated. It is connected in series with a 5 k resistor to a 1.5 V cell of negligible internal
resistance.
9702/12/O/N/12
1.5 V
ky
aS
ha
5 k
The light-dependent resistor is illuminated (in an otherwise dark room) by a flashing light.
1.5
1.5
by
Ch
1.5
V/V
Sa
1.5
V/V
an
V/V
jit
V/V
dr
Which graph best shows the variation with time t of potential difference V across R?
33 A copper wire is stretched so that its diameter is reduced from 1.0 mm to a uniform 0.5 mm.
ed
9702/12/O/N/12
ng
The resistance of the unstretched copper wire is 0.2 .

What will be the resistance of the stretched wire?
B
0.8
1.6
3.2
ar
0.4
ra
9702/12/O/N/12
It involves changing electrical energy into other forms.
nd
re
34 Four statements about potential difference or electromotive force are listed.
da
It involves changing other energy forms into electrical energy.

It is the energy per unit charge to move charge right round a circuit.
It is the work done per unit charge by the charge moving from one point to another.
le
Co
pi
Which statements apply to potential difference and which apply to electromotive force?
electromotive force
1 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 4
1 and 3
79
35 The diagram shows a four-terminal box connected to a battery and two ammeters.
9702/12/O/N/12
ky
ha
The currents in the two meters are identical.
Ch
an
dr
aS
Which circuit, within the box, will give this result?
Sa
jit
by
37 The diagram shows a resistor network. The potential difference across the network is V.
9702/12/O/N/12
R1
R3
ng
ed
ra
R2
re
ar
Is the equation shown below correct for the network?

V = I (1/R1 + 1/R2 + R3)
Yes, it correctly combines two series resistors with one parallel resistor, and correctly uses
Ohms Law.
Yes, it correctly combines two parallel resistors with one series resistor, and correctly uses
Ohms Law.
da
le
No, because it should read V = I (1/R1 + 1/R2 + R3).
pi
nd
No, because the terms 1/R2 and R3 have different units and cannot be added.
Co
33 A low-voltage supply with an e.m.f. of 20 V and an internal resistance of 1.5 is used to supply
power to a heater of resistance 6.5 in a fish tank.
9702/12/M/J/13
What is the power supplied to the water in the fish tank?
A
41 W
50 W
53 W
62 W
80

9702/12/O/N/12
X
ky
ha
4.0 V
dr
aS
Ch
an
A
V
by
ed
ng
slider position
slider position
ar
ra
Sa
jit
Which graph is obtained?
V
4
da
nd
re
slider position
slider position
Co
pi
le
32 A power cable has length 2000 m. The cable is made of twelve parallel strands of copper wire,
each with diameter 0.51 mm.
9702/12/M/J/13
What is the resistance of the cable? (resistivity of copper = 1.7 108 m)
A
0.014
3.5
14
166
81
37 Five resistors are connected as shown.
20
8.0
6.0
8.0
Q
ky
9702/12/M/J/13
ha
7.0
0.25
0.61
4.0
16
dr
aS
What is the total resistance between P and Q?
Ch
an
33 When a battery is connected to a resistor, the battery gradually becomes warm. This causes the
internal resistance of the battery to increase whilst its e.m.f. stays unchanged.
decrease
decrease
decrease
unchanged
unchanged
decrease
unchanged
Sa
output power
ed
by
terminal potential
difference
ng
jit
As the internal resistance of the battery increases, how do the terminal potential difference and
the output power change, if at all?
9702/11/M/J/13
ra
unchanged
charge
energy
energy
charge
voltage
charge
Co
pi
second law
voltage
le
charge
da
nd
first law
re
ar
34 The principles of conservation of which two quantities are associated with Kirchhoffs first and
second laws?
9702/11/M/J/13
34 A filament lamp has a resistance of 180 when the current in it is 500 mA.
What is the power transformed in the lamp?
A
45 W
50 W
90 W
1400 W
9702/12/M/J/13
82
35 A circuit is set up as shown, supplied by a 3 V battery. All resistances are 1 k.
9702/11/M/J/13
ha
ky
3V
an
dr
aS
What will be the reading on the voltmeter?

B
0.5 V
1.0 V
1.5 V
jit
Ch
Sa
37 A 12 V battery is in series with an ammeter, a 2 fixed resistor and a 0 10 variable resistor. A

high-resistance voltmeter is connected across the variable resistor.
9702/11/M/J/13
ed
by
12 V
ra
ng
re
ar
0 10
V
nd
The resistance of the variable resistor is changed from zero to its maximum value.
da
Which graph shows how the potential difference (p.d.) measured by the voltmeter varies with the
current measured by the ammeter?
B
pi
le
p.d.
p.d.
D
p.d.
Co
p.d.
0
current
0
current
0
current
current
83
36 The diagram shows an incorrectly connected circuit. The ammeter has a resistance of 0.1 and
the voltmeter has a resistance of 1 M.
9702/11/M/J/13
0.1
A
1 M
1 k
aS
ha
ky
dr
2V
The ammeter reads 20 A.
The voltmeter reads zero.
The voltmeter reads 2 V.
Ch
jit
The ammeter reads 2 mA.
Sa
an
VL
re
VT
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
38 In the circuit below, the reading VT on the voltmeter changes from high to low as the temperature
of the thermistor changes. The reading VL on the voltmeter changes from high to low as the level
of light on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) changes.
9702/12/M/J/13
da
nd
The readings VT and VL are both high.
pi
le
What are the conditions of temperature and light level?

light level
low
low
low
high
high
low
high
high
Co
temperature
84
36 A 12 V battery is in series with an ammeter, a 2 fixed resistor and a 0 10 variable resistor.

High-resistance voltmeters P and Q are connected across the variable resistor and the fixed
resistor respectively, as shown.
9702/12/M/J/13
ky
12 V
0 10
aS
dr
an
ha
Ch
The resistance of the variable resistor is changed from its maximum value to zero.
Which graph shows the variation with current of the voltmeter readings?
voltmeter
reading
by
ed
P
0
0
ng
0
0
Sa
voltmeter
reading
jit
current
ar
ra
current
re
Co
pi
le
da
nd
voltmeter
reading
voltmeter
reading
Q
0
0
current
0
0
current
85
35 Two wires P and Q made of the same material are connected to the same electrical supply.
P has twice the length of Q and one-third of the diameter of Q, as shown in the diagram.
9702/12/M/J/13
ky
ha
2l
aS
3d
2
3
an
2
9
1
6
1
18
Sa
Ch
current in P
?
current in Q
jit
What is the ratio
dr
by
31 Two cells X and Y are connected in series with a resistor of resistance 9.0 , as shown.
9702/13/M/J/13
ra
ng
ed
9.0
re
ar
Cell X has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 1.0 V and an internal resistance of 1.0 . Cell Y has
an e.m.f. of 2.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 .
0.17 A
0.10 A
0.083 A
da
0.25 A
nd
What is the current in the circuit?
le
34 An electric power cable consists of six copper wires c surrounding a steel core s.
9702/13/M/J/13
Co
pi
c
c
c
s
c
c
c
A length of 1.0 km of one of the copper wires has a resistance of 10 and 1.0 km of the steel core
has a resistance of 100 .
What is the approximate resistance of a 1.0 km length of the power cable?
A
0.61
1.6
160
610
86
33 The graph shows how current I varies with voltage V for a filament lamp.
5
I/A
4
9702/13/M/J/13
ky
ha
0
2
10 V / V
dr
aS
V/V
R/
2.0
1.5
4.0
3.2
6.0
1.9
8.0
0.9
by
Sa
jit
Ch
Which row gives the correct resistance at the stated value of V ?
an
Since the graph is not a straight line, the resistance of the lamp varies with V.
ed
32 The circular cross-sectional area of a metal wire varies along its length. There is a current in the
wire. The narrow end of the wire is at a reference potential of zero.
9702/13/M/J/13
current
ng
current
ra
ar
zero
potential
nd
re
Which graph best represents the variation with distance x along the wire of the potential
difference V relative to the reference zero?
A
B
le
da
pi
0
0
0
0
Co
0
0
0
0
87
35 The diagram shows a length of track from a model railway connected to a battery, a resistor and
a relay coil.
9702/13/M/J/13
resistor
ha
ky
railway track
relay coil
aS
With no train present, there is a current in the relay coil which operates a switch to turn on a light.
an
dr
When a train occupies the section of track, most of the current flows through the wheels and
axles of the train in preference to the relay coil. The switch in the relay turns off the light.
Why is a resistor placed between the battery and the track?
to limit the heating of the wheels of the train
to limit the energy lost in the relay coil when a train is present
to prevent a short circuit of the battery when a train is present
to protect the relay when a train is present
by
Sa
jit
Ch
ed
36 A 12 V battery is in series with an ammeter, a 2 fixed resistor and a 0 10 variable resistor. A

high-resistance voltmeter is connected across the fixed resistor.
9702/13/M/J/13
ra
ng
12 V
nd
re
ar
A
2
0 10
da
le
The resistance of the variable resistor is changed from zero to its maximum value.
pi
Which graph shows how the potential difference (p.d.) measured by the voltmeter varies with the
current measured by the ammeter?
A
p.d.
Co
p.d.
0
current
C
p.d.
0
current
D
p.d.
0
current
current
88
37 In the circuit shown, the battery and ammeter each have negligible resistance.
9702/13/M/J/13
12 V
ky
aS
ha
The following combinations of resistors are placed in turn between the terminals X and Y of the
circuit.
Which combination would give an ammeter reading of 8 A?
A
1
2
Ch
an
jit
D
2
Sa
C
2
by
dr
ed
1
3
ra
ng
ar
38 Four resistors of resistance R, 2R, 3R and 4R are connected to form a network.
9702/11/O/N/13
le
da
nd
re
A battery of negligible internal resistance and a voltmeter are connected to the resistor network
as shown.
3R
4R
2R
pi
Co
The voltmeter reading is 2 V.
What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery?

A
2V
4V
6V
10 V
89

resistance 10 . The battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 4.0 V and negligible internal
resistance. The voltmeter has a very high resistance.
9702/11/O/N/13
X
ky
4.0 V
ha
dr
aS
an
B
V
0
X
V
4
by
slider position
Y
slider position
ra
ng
slider position
Sa
ed
jit
Ch
X
slider position
re
ar
33 The diagram shows an electric circuit in which the resistance of the external resistor is 2R and
the internal resistance of the source is R.
9702/11/O/N/13
da
nd
pi
le
2R
Co
What is the ratio

A
1
4
power in external resistor

?
power in internal resistance
B
1
2
90
37 A 2 resistor and a 4 resistor are connected to a cell.
9702/11/O/N/13
B
V
jit
Ch
an
dr
ha
aS
Which graph shows how the potential V varies with distance between X and Y?
ky
Sa
ed
by
ng
ar
ra
35 The wire of a heating element has resistance R. The wire breaks and is replaced by a different
wire.
9702/11/O/N/13
re
Data for the original wire and the replacement wire are shown in the table.
diameter
resistivity
of metal
original wire
replacement wire
2d
le
da
nd
length
pi
What is the resistance of the replacement wire?
Co
R
4
R
2
2R
32 The current in a component is reduced uniformly from 100 mA to 20 mA over a period of 8.0 s.
9702/13/O/N/13
What is the charge that flows during this time?

A
160 mC
320 mC
480 mC
640 mC
91
34 Two lamps are connected in series to a 250 V power supply. One lamp is rated 240 V, 60 W and
the other is rated 10 V, 2.5 W.
9702/11/O/N/13
Which statement most accurately describes what happens?
Both lamps light at less than their normal brightness.
Both lamps light normally.
Only the 60 W lamp lights.
The 10 V lamp blows.
aS
ha
ky
an
dr
33 An electric current is passed from a thick copper wire through a section of thinner copper wire
before entering a second thick copper wire as shown.
9702/13/O/N/13
thinner
copper wire
copper wire
jit
copper wire
Ch
current
Sa
Which statement about the current and the speed of electrons in the wires is correct?
The current and the speed of the electrons in the thinner wire are both less than in the thicker
copper wires.
The current and the speed of the electrons is the same in all the wires.
The current is the same in all the wires but the speed of the electrons in the thinner wire is
greater than in the thicker wires.
The current is the same in all the wires but the speed of the electrons in the thinner wire is
less than in the thicker wire.
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
nd
re
34 An electrical device of fixed resistance 20 is connected in series with a variable resistor and a
battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 16 V and negligible internal resistance.
9702/13/O/N/13
pi
le
da
16 V
Co
20
device
What is the resistance of the variable resistor when the power dissipated in the electrical device
is 4.0 W?
A
16
36
44
60
92
9702/13/O/N/13
R
4
R
2
2R
ky
36 The diagram shows the electric motor for a garden pump connected to a 24 V power supply by an
insulated two-core cable.
cable
aS
ha
9702/13/O/N/13
dr
M pump
motor
an
jit
Ch
by
Sa
The motor does not work so, to find the fault, the negative terminal of a voltmeter is connected to
the negative terminal of the power supply and its other end is connected in turn to terminals X
and Y at the motor.
ed
Which row represents two readings and a correct conclusion?

voltmeter reading
when connected
to Y / V
24
24
break in positive wire of cable
12
break in negative wire of cable
24
break in connection within the motor
24
break in negative wire of cable
ra
24
ar
re
24
conclusion
da
nd
ng
voltmeter reading
when connected
to X / V
le
33 Two wires P and Q made of the same material and of the same length are connected in parallel
to the same voltage supply. Wire P has diameter 2 mm and wire Q has diameter 1 mm.
pi
9702/13/M/J/14
Co

current in Q
1
4
1
2
2
1
4
1
93
37 In the circuit shown, the resistance of the thermistor decreases as temperature increases.
9702/13/O/N/13
ky
d.c.
supply
ha
aS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
by
Ch
jit
Sa
an
dr
Which graph shows the variation with Celsius temperature of potential difference V between
points P and Q ?
ed
38 A 20 V d.c. supply is connected to a circuit consisting of five resistors L, M, N, P and Q.
ng
4V
drop
re
ar
ra
7 V drop
nd
da
20 V rise
le
There is a potential drop of 7 V across L and a further 4 V potential drop across N.
Co
pi
What are the potential drops across M, P and Q?

potential drop
across M / V
potential drop
across P / V
potential drop
across Q / V
13
13
13
13
11
17
17
9702/13/O/N/13
94
30 A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a 1 k

resistor, as shown.
9702/12/M/J/14
1 k
ky
aS
ha
an
dr
A student attempts to measure the potential difference (p.d.) between points P and Q using two
voltmeters, one at a time. The first voltmeter has a resistance of 1 k and the second voltmeter
has a resistance of 1 M.
reading on voltmeter
with 1 M resistance
V
2
V
2
V
2
Sa
by
V
2
ra
ed
ng
jit
reading on voltmeter
with 1 k resistance
Ch
What are the readings of the voltmeters?
re
ar
32 The diagram shows an electric pump for a garden fountain connected by an 18 m cable to a
230 V mains electrical supply.
9702/12/M/J/14
230 V
mains
da
nd
M pump
pi
le
18 m
Co
The performance of the pump is acceptable if the potential difference (p.d.) across it is at least
218 V. The current through it is then 0.83 A.
What is the maximum resistance per metre of each of the two wires in the cable if the pump is to
perform acceptably?
A
0.40 m1
0.80 m1
1.3 m1
1.4 m1
95
33 Cell X has an e.m.f. of 2.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 . Cell Y has an e.m.f. of 1.6 V and
an internal resistance of 1.2 . These two cells are connected to a resistor of resistance 0.8 , as
shown.
9702/12/M/J/14
cell X
2.0 V
ha
ky
2.0
1.6 V
0.50 A
0.90 A
an
Ch
1.0 A
by
36 In the circuit shown, all the resistors are identical.
Sa
jit
What is the current in cell X?

0.10 A
dr
1.2
cell Y
aS
0.8
ng
ed
9702/12/M/J/14
V4
V2
V3
da
nd
re
ar
ra
V1
The reading on voltmeter V1 is 8.0 V and the reading on voltmeter V2 is 1.0 V.
pi
le
What are the readings on the other voltmeters?

reading on
voltmeter V4 / V
1.5
1.0
3.0
2.0
4.5
3.0
6.0
4.0
Co
reading on
voltmeter V3 / V
96
34 In the circuit shown, a light-dependent resistor (LDR) is connected to two resistors R1 and R2.
The potential difference (p.d.) across R1 is V1 and the p.d. across R2 is V2. The current in the
circuit is I.
9702/12/M/J/14
V1
R2
V2
an
dr
aS
ha
R1
ky
Ch
Which statement about this circuit is correct?

The current I increases when the light intensity decreases.
The LDR is an ohmic conductor.
The p.d. V2 increases when the light intensity decreases.

V
The ratio 1 is independent of light intensity.
V2
Sa
jit
by
ed
35 A power supply and a solar cell are compared using the potentiometer circuit shown.
ng
power supply
2.000 V
9702/12/M/J/14
40.0 cm
da
nd
re
ar
ra
pi
le
galvanometer
solar cell
Co
The e.m.f. produced by the solar cell is measured on the potentiometer.

The potentiometer wire PQ is 100.0 cm long and has a resistance of 5.00 . The power supply
has an e.m.f. of 2.000 V and the solar cell has an e.m.f. of 5.00 mV.
Which resistance R must be used so that the galvanometer reads zero when PS = 40.0 cm?
A
395
795
995
1055
97
34 A cell has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 6 V and internal resistance R. An external resistor,
also of resistance R, is connected across this cell, as shown.
9702/13/M/J/14
cell
6V
ha
ky
dr
aS
an
Power P is dissipated by the external resistor.
Ch
The cell is replaced by a different cell that has an e.m.f. of 6 V and negligible internal resistance.
What is the new power that is dissipated in the external resistor?
B
2P
4P
Sa
0.5P
jit
37 What is the current in the 40 resistor of the circuit shown?
by
9702/13/M/J/14
20
20
zero
Co
pi
le
da
nd
re
20
40
ar
ra
ng
ed
20
10 V
0.13 A
0.25 A
0.50 A
98
37 The diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a thermistor forming a potential divider.
9702/13/M/J/14
aS
ha
ky
temperature
low
low
high
low
low
high
high
high
by
Sa
jit
Ch
illumination
an
dr
Under which set of conditions will the potential difference across the thermistor have the greatest
value?
9702/13/M/J/14
ra
ng
ed
35 The diagram shows a low-voltage circuit for heating the water in a fish tank.
power
supply
re
ar
heater
da
nd
The heater has a resistance of 3.0 . The power supply has an e.m.f. of 12 V and an internal
resistance of 1.0 .
27 W
36 W
48 W
64 W
pi
le
At which rate is energy supplied to the heater?
Co
31 A copper wire is to be replaced by an aluminium alloy wire of the same length and resistance.
Copper has half the resistivity of the alloy.
9702/12/M/J/14
What is the ratio
A
diameter of alloy wire

?
diameter of copper wire
B
2 2
99
36 The diagrams show the same cell, ammeter, potentiometer and fixed resistor connected in
different ways.
9702/13/M/J/14
W
dr
aS
ha
ky
Ch
an
Sa
jit
by
ed
The distance d between the sliding contact and a particular end of the potentiometer is varied.
The current measured is then plotted against the distance d.
ng
For which two circuits will the graphs be identical?

B
W and Y
X and Y
Y and Z
ar
ra
W and X
nd
re
38 A battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a resistor network, an ammeter and a

switch S, as shown.
9702/13/M/J/14
da
7.2
pi
le
4.8
2.8
Co
When S is open, the reading on the ammeter is 250 mA.

When S is closed, what is the change in the reading on the ammeter?
A
1.07 A
1.32 A
190 mA
440 mA
100
30 Two electrically-conducting cylinders X and Y are made from the same material.
9702/11/M/J/14
Their dimensions are as shown.

X
Y
2D
ky
ha
2L
aS
The resistance between the ends of each cylinder is measured.
1
1
1
2
1
4
Ch
an
2
1
dr
What is the ratio resistance of X ?

resistance of Y
by
Sa
jit
31 A battery, with a constant internal resistance, is connected to a resistor of resistance 250 , as

shown.
9702/11/M/J/14
ed
250
ra
ng
The current in the resistor is 40 mA for a time of 60 s. During this time 6.0 J of energy is lost in the
internal resistance.
re
e.m.f. / V
2.4
2.4
7.5
da
energy / J
ar
What are the energy supplied to the external resistor during the 60 s and the e.m.f. of the battery?
24
10.0
24
12.5
nd
pi
le
2.4
Co
32 Which symbol represents a component whose resistance is designed to change with

temperature?
9702/11/M/J/14
A
101
33 In the circuit below, a voltmeter of resistance RV and an ammeter of resistance RA are used to
measure the resistance R of the fixed resistor.
9702/11/M/J/14
ky
ha
aS
dr
R is much greater than RV.
R is much greater than RA.
Ch
R is much smaller than RA.
jit
Sa
R is much smaller than RV.
by
an
Which condition is necessary for an accurate value to be obtained for R?
ng
ed
34 In the circuit shown, all the resistors are identical and all the ammeters have negligible
resistance.
9702/11/M/J/14
A2
A3
A4
nd
re
ar
ra
A1
da
The reading on ammeter A1 is 0.6 A.
le
What are the readings on the other ammeters?

reading on
ammeter A3 / A
reading on
ammeter A4 / A
1.0
0.3
0.1
1.4
0.6
0.2
1.8
0.9
0.3
2.2
1.2
0.4
Co
pi
reading on
ammeter A2 / A
102
35 The potential difference across a component in a circuit is 2.0 V.
9702/11/M/J/14
How many electrons must flow through this component in order for it to be supplied with 4.8 J of
energy?
2.6 1018
1.5 1019
3.0 1019
6.0 1019
ky
36 What is the total resistance between points P and Q in this network of resistors?
Q
dr
16
16
24
32
Sa
jit
an
16
Ch
16
ha
aS
9702/11/M/J/14
by
35 The combined resistance RT of two resistors of resistances R1 and R2 connected in parallel is

given by the formula shown.
9702/11/O/N/14
ng
ed
1
1
1
=
+
R2
RT
R1
ra
Which statement is used in the derivation of this formula?

The currents through the two resistors are equal.
The potential difference across each resistor is the same.
The supply current is split between the two resistors in the same ratio as the ratio of their
resistances.
The total power dissipated is the sum of the powers dissipated in the two resistors
separately.
Co
pi
le
da
nd
re
ar
103
32 A pencil is used to draw a line of length 30 cm and width 1.2 mm. The resistivity of the material in
9702/11/O/N/14
the pencil is 2.0 105 m and the resistance of the line is 40 k.
1.25 108 m
1.25 107 m
1.25 105 m
ky
ha
1.25 1010 m
aS
What is the thickness of the line?
Ch
9702/11/O/N/14
an
conductor
dr
33 A conductor consists of three wires connected in series. The wires are all made of the same
metal but have different cross-sectional areas. There is a current I in the conductor.
jit
Point Y on the conductor is at zero potential.
Sa
Which graph best shows the variation of potential V with distance along the conductor?
by
ed
ng
0
X
ra
distance
ar
distance
Y
nd
le
da
re
0
X
pi
0
X
distance
Y
Co
0
X
distance
Y
104
34 The graph shows how the electric current I through a conducting liquid varies with the potential
difference V across it.
9702/11/O/N/14
At which point on the graph does the liquid have the smallest resistance?
D
ky
ha
dr
aS
9702/11/O/N/14
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
36 In the potentiometer circuit shown, the reading on the ammeter is zero.
ed
sliding contact
ng
uniform metal wire
ar
ra
The light-dependent resistor (LDR) is then covered up and the ammeter gives a non-zero
reading.
re
Which change could return the ammeter reading to zero?

Decrease the supply voltage.
Increase the supply voltage.
Move the sliding contact to the left.
Move the sliding contact to the right.
pi
le
da
nd
33 A metal wire of length 0.50 m has a resistance of 12 .
Co
9702/13/O/N/14
What is the resistance of a wire of length 2.0 m and made of the same material, but with half the
diameter?
A
12
48
96
192
105
37 Six resistors, each of resistance R, are connected as shown.
ha
ky
9702/11/O/N/14
aS
The combined resistance is 66 k.
18 k
22 k
36 k
an
11 k
dr
What is the value of R ?
ra
ng
ed
by
Sa
jit
Ch
34 A student found two unmarked resistors. To determine the resistance of the resistors, the circuit
below was set up. The resistors were connected in turn between P and Q, noting the current
readings. The voltage readings were noted without the resistors and with each resistor in turn.
1.5
28
46
14
100
1.4
nd
1.5
1.3
re
ar
The results were entered into a spreadsheet as shown.
da
The student forgot to enter the column headings.
le
Which order of the headings would be correct?

e.m.f. / V
pi
R/
I / mA
V/V
e.m.f. / V
R/
I / mA
V/V
e.m.f. / V
I / mA
R/
e.m.f. / V
V/V
I / mA
R/
m
Co
V/V
9702/13/O/N/14
106
35 A potential divider consists of resistors of resistance R1 and R2 connected in series across a

source of potential difference V0. The potential difference across R1 is Vout.
9702/13/O/N/14
R2
ky
V0
aS
ha
Vout
R1
R2
doubled
doubled
doubled
halved
halved
doubled
halved
halved
by
Sa
jit
Ch
R1
an
dr
Which changes to R1 and R2 will increase the value of Vout?
37 In the circuit shown, the ammeters have negligible resistance and the voltmeters have infinite
resistance.
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
I1
ng
ed
9702/13/O/N/14
I2
V1
V2
pi
The readings on the meters are I1, I2, V1 and V2, as labelled on the diagram.

I1 > I2 and V1 > V2
I1 > I2 and V1 < V2
I1 < I2 and V1 > V2
I1 < I2 and V1 < V2
Co
107
36 An extension lead is used to connect a 240 V electrical supply to a heater as shown.
9702/13/O/N/14
A
240 V
heater
ky
ha
extension lead
What is the total resistance of the extension lead?

B
6.2
28
31
Ch
3.1
an
dr
aS
A voltmeter measures the potential difference (p.d.) across the heater as 216 V and an ammeter
measures the current through the heater as 7.7 A.
Sa
jit
32 A pedal bicycle is fitted with an electric motor. The rider switches on the motor for a time of
3.0 minutes. A constant current of 3.5 A in the electric motor is provided from a battery with a
terminal voltage of 24 V.
84 J
250 J
ng
630 J
ed
by
What is the energy supplied by the battery?
9702/13/M/J/15
15 000 J
9702/13/M/J/15
nd
re
ar
ra
resistance of R.
pi
le
da
Co
C
D
done against the resistance of R.
108
34 A simple circuit is formed by connecting a resistor of resistance R between the terminals of a

battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.0 V and constant internal resistance r.
9702/13/M/J/15
9.0 V
ha
ky
aS
What is the internal resistance r of the battery?

0.33
20
160
jit
Ch
0.17
an
dr
A charge of 6.0 C flows through the resistor in a time of 2.0 minutes causing it to dissipate 48 J of
thermal energy.
9702/13/M/J/15
by
1.0
Sa
37 The diagram shows part of a current-carrying circuit. The ammeter has negligible resistance.
ed
2.0
A
5.0 A
ng
5.0 A
ra
5.0
1.3 A
re
0.7 A
1.5 A
nd
ar
1.7 A
9702/12/M/J/15
da
Electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the energy converted to electrical energy from other forms per
unit charge.
pi
le
The potential difference (p.d.) between two points is the work done per unit charge when
moving charge from one point to the other.
Co
The resistance between two points is the p.d. between the two points per unit current.
109
36 A box with four terminals P, Q, R and S contains two identical resistors.
aS
ha
ky
9702/13/M/J/15
an
dr
When a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and negligible internal resistance is connected
E
.
across PS, a high-resistance voltmeter connected across QR reads
2
Ch
Which diagram shows the correct arrangement of the two resistors inside the box?
jit
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
Sa
le
35 A source of e.m.f. 9.0 mV has an internal resistance of 6.0 .
pi
9702/13/M/J/15
Co
What is the current in the galvanometer?

A
250 A
300 A
1.5 mA
2.5 mA
110
31 Which unit is not used in either the definition of the coulomb or the definition of the volt?
joule
ohm
second
9702/12/M/J/15
ampere
ky
aS
ha
32 When a thin metal wire is stretched, it becomes longer and thinner. This causes a change in the
resistance of the wire. The volume of the wire remains constant.
9702/12/M/J/15
Which graph could represent the variation with extension x of the resistance R of the wire?
B
R
an
Sa
jit
Ch
dr
by
34 A cell of e.m.f. E delivers a charge Q to an external circuit.
9702/12/M/J/15
ed
The energy dissipation in the external circuit is EQ.
The energy dissipation within the cell is EQ.
The external resistance is EQ.
The total energy dissipation in the cell and the external circuit is EQ.
re
ar
ra
ng
33 The diagrams show two different circuits.
pi
le
da
nd
9702/11/M/J/15
Co
The cells in each circuit have the same electromotive force and zero internal resistance. The
three resistors each have the same resistance R.
In the circuit on the left, the power dissipated in the resistor is P.
What is the total power dissipated in the circuit on the right?

A
P
4
P
2
2P
111
9702/12/M/J/15
quantity

zero
charge

zero
energy

loop
charge

loop
energy
by
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
statement
ed
34 Which equation that links some of the following terms is correct?
current
I
R
resistance
energy
power
time
ar
charge
re
nd
da
Q 2R
t
ER 2 = V 2t
pi
P=
le
VI
=t
P
PQ = EI
Co
m
C
ra
ng
9702/11/M/J/15
112
36 A potential divider circuit consists of fixed resistors of resistance 2.0 and 4.0 connected in
series with a 3.0 resistor fitted with a sliding contact. These are connected across a battery of
e.m.f. 9.0 V and zero internal resistance, as shown.
9702/12/M/J/15
ha
ky
4.0
dr
Ch
an
2.0
output
voltage
aS
3.0
9.0 V
4.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
9.0
9.0
2.0
Sa
minimum
voltage / V
ra
ng
ed
by
maximum
voltage / V
jit
What are the maximum and the minimum output voltages of this potential divider circuit?
ar
37 A cell of e.m.f. 2.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a network of resistors as
shown.
9702/12/M/J/15
da
nd
re
2.0 V
le
2.0
pi
4.0
2.0
Co
4.0

A
0.25 A
0.33 A
0.50 A
1.5 A
113
36 A battery with e.m.f. E and internal resistance r is connected in series with a variable external
resistor.
9702/11/M/J/15
E
ky
ha
aS
The value of the external resistance R is slowly increased from zero.
The potential difference across the external resistance decreases.
The potential difference across the internal resistance increases.
The power dissipated in r increases and then decreases.
The power dissipated in R increases and then decreases.
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
Which statement is correct? (Ignore any temperature effects.)
6.0
0 4.0
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
37 A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected in
series with a resistor of resistance 6.0 and a variable resistor of resistance from zero to 4.0 . A
voltmeter is connected across the variable resistor. The resistance of the variable resistor is
changed.
9702/11/M/J/15
6.0 V
What is the range of the voltmeter reading?
nd
0 V 2.4 V
0 V 3.6 V
2.4 V 6.0 V
le
da
3.6 V 6.0 V
pi
Co
35 The charge that an electric battery can deliver is specified in ampere-hours.
9702/11/M/J/15
For example, a battery of capacity 40 ampere-hours could supply, when fully charged, 0.2 A for
200 hours.
What is the maximum energy that a fully charged 12 V, 40 ampere-hour battery could supply?
A
1.7 kJ
29 kJ
1.7 MJ
29 MJ
114
38 A wire RST is connected to another wire XY as shown.
9702/11/M/J/15
ky
ha
50 cm
aS
Each wire is 100 cm long with a resistance per unit length of 10 m1.
5.0
8.3
13.3
an
3.3
dr
What is the total resistance between X and Y?
9702/11/O/N/15
jit
Ch
31 The diagram shows a graph.
ng
ed
by
Sa
y-axis
ra
x-axis
ar
For a uniform metallic wire, what could the graph not represent?
current
urrent
nd
re
y--axi
resistance
esistance
in C
te
current
pi
le
difference
resistance
esista
da
pot
x--axi
Co

A
R
16
R
8
R
2
9702/11/O/N/15
115
34 A thermistor and another component are connected to a constant voltage supply. A voltmeter is
connected across one of the components. The temperature of the thermistor is then reduced but
no other changes are made.
9702/11/O/N/15
In which circuit will the voltmeter reading increase?
aS
ha
ky
Ch
an
dr
ed
by
Sa
jit
ar
ra
ng
da
nd
re
36 The diagram shows a potentiometer and a fixed resistor connected across a 12 V battery of
9702/11/O/N/15
20
le
12 V
pi
20
Co
output
The fixed resistor and the potentiometer each have resistance 20 . The circuit is designed to
provide a variable output voltage.
What is the range of output voltages?
A
06V
0 12 V
6 12 V
12 20 V
116
35 A 110 V d.c. supply is connected to a heater, a fuse and a switch, as shown.
F1
fuse
9702/11/O/N/15
switch
F2
S+
heater
ha
ky
110 V
S
aS
Owing to a fault in the system, power is not supplied to the heater. A technician diagnoses the
fault using a voltmeter.
an
dr
He closes the switch and connects his meter between the positive supply terminal S+ and the
fuse terminal F2. The voltmeter reads 110 V.
Which diagnosis is correct?
The fuse has melted.
The fuse has not melted and there is a short circuit in the heater.
The fuse has not melted and there is no path for current through the heater.
The fuse has not melted and the switch has operated correctly.
by
Sa
jit
Ch
ng
ed
33 The Atlantic torpedo is a large electric fish capable of generating a voltage of 220 V between its
tail and its head. This drives a pulse of current of 15 A lasting for a time of 2.0 ms. The fish
produces 200 pulses per second.
9702/11/O/N/15
ra
What is the average power output of the fish?

B
1.3 kW
3.3 kW
6.6 kW
re
ar
33 W
nd
37 The electromotive force of a power supply is 120 V. It delivers a current of 1.2 A to a resistor of
resistance 80 and a current of 0.40 A to another resistor, as shown.
9702/12/O/N/15
le
da
e.m.f. of supply
120 V
pi
1.2 A
80
Co
0.40 A
What is the internal resistance of the power supply?

A
15
20
60
75
117
34 The graph shows the I-V characteristic of an electrical component.
9702/12/O/N/15
0
0
aS
ha
ky
a filament lamp
a metallic conductor at constant temperature
a semiconductor diode
a thermistor
Sa
jit
Ch
an
dr
What is the component?
by
35 A power supply of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 V and internal resistance 2 is connected in

series with a load resistor. The resistance of the load resistor is varied from 0.5 to 4 .
ed
Which graph shows how the power P dissipated in the load resistor varies with the resistance of
the load resistor?
9702/12/O/N/15
ng
0
1
2
3
4
D
pi
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
Co
0
0
118
9702/12/O/N/15
10
X
10
ha
ky
10
aS
10
between 1 and 10
between 10 and 30
40
an
Ch
less than 1
Sa
jit
dr
by
38 The diagram shows a four-terminal box connected to a battery and two ammeters.
ed
ng
A
4
ar
ra
9702/12/O/N/15
re
The currents in the two meters are identical.

Which circuit, within the box, will give this result?
nd
da
pi
le
Co
119
32 A cell of electromotive force E and internal resistance r is connected to an external resistor, as

shown.
9702/13/O/N/15
E
ky
ha
electrical energy per unit charge lost in the complete circuit
electrical energy per unit charge lost in the connecting wire
electrical energy per unit charge lost in the external resistor
dr
electrical energy per unit charge lost in the cell
Sa
jit
Ch
an
In the equation (E V ) = Ir , what does the term (E V ) represent?
aS
The current in the circuit is I and the potential difference (p.d.) across the external resistor is V.
specimen
ra
ng
ed
by
33 Tensile strain may be measured by the change in electrical resistance of a device called a strain
gauge. A strain gauge consists of folded fine metal wire mounted on a flexible insulating backing
sheet. The strain gauge is firmly attached to the specimen.
9702/13/O/N/15
ar
strain gauge
re
When the strain in the specimen is increased, what happens to the resistance of the wire?
It decreases, because the length decreases and the cross-sectional area increases.
It decreases, because the length increases and the cross-sectional area decreases.
It increases, because the length decreases and the cross-sectional area increases.
It increases, because the length increases and the cross-sectional area decreases.
Co
pi
le
da
nd
120
34 In the circuit shown, lamp P is rated 250 V, 50 W and lamp Q is rated 250 V, 200 W. The two
lamps are connected in series to a 250 V power supply.
9702/13/O/N/15
250 V
ha
ky
aS
Assume that the resistance of each lamp remains constant.
Lamp P emits twice as much power as lamp Q.
Lamp Q emits four times as much power as lamp P.
Lamp Q emits twice as much power as lamp P.
an
Lamp P emits four times as much power as lamp Q.
jit
Ch
dr
Which statement most accurately describes what happens when the switch is closed?
C1
heater
C2
ar
ra
ng
S+
110 V
S
switch
ed
fuse
by
Sa
36 A 110 V supply of negligible internal resistance is connected to a heater through a fuse and a
switch.
9702/13/O/N/15
re
Terminals S+ and S are the positive and negative terminals of the supply. Points C1 and C2 at
either side of the heater are accessible for fault-finding.
nd
A voltmeter is connected between S and C1.
da
With the circuit working correctly, the voltmeter reading is noted with the switch closed.
le
A fault occurs and the voltmeter is again connected between S and C1 with the switch closed.
pi
Which fault would result in the same two voltmeter readings?

a break in the wire of the heater
a broken switch that cannot close correctly
a melted fuse
a short circuit in the heater
Co
121
35 The cooling system in many houses is controlled by three electrical switches. These are:
9702/13/O/N/15
a thermostat switch that closes when the temperature rises to a given value,
a clock switch that closes at times when cooling may be required,
an override switch that closes to turn on the system when exceptional temperature
rises occur.
thermostat
A
ha
ky
Which diagram shows the switches correctly connected between the power supply and the
cooling system?
clock
cooling system
aS
power supply
an
dr
override
thermostat
B
Ch
power supply
cooling system
jit
override
by
Sa
clock
thermostat
C
override
cooling system
ng
ed
power supply
clock
thermostat
D
cooling system
ra
power supply
override
re
ar
clock
Co
pi
le
da
nd
37 A network of resistors, each of resistance 1 , is connected as shown.
1A
The current passing through the end resistor is 1 A.

What is the potential difference (p.d.) V across the input terminals?
A
2V
5V
8V
13 V
9702/13/O/N/15
122
30 An electrical conductor has a resistance of 5.6 k. A potential difference (p.d.) of 9.0 V is applied
across its ends.
9702/12/F/M/16
How many electrons pass a point in the conductor in one minute?
6.0 1020
1.0 1019
6.0 1017
1.0 1016
ky
ha
31 A fixed resistor of resistance 12 is connected to a battery. There is a current of 0.20 A in the

resistor. The current is now doubled.
9702/12/F/M/16
0.96 W
1.92 W
4.8 W
dr
0.48 W
aS
What is the new power dissipated in the resistor?
p.d., current, diameter, length
resistance, area, length
resistance, length, radius
jit
p.d., current, area, length
by
Sa
Ch
an
32 Which measurements are taken in order to calculate the resistivity of the metal of a piece of
wire?
9702/12/F/M/16
ed
34 Three cells with e.m.f.s V1, V2 and V3, have negligible internal resistance. These cells are
connected to three resistors with resistances R1, R2 and R3, as shown.
9702/12/F/M/16
ng
V1
R1
ar
ra
nd
re
V2
da
The current in the circuit is I.
V1 + V2 + V3 = I (R1 + R2 + R3)
pi
le
Which equation is correct?
V1 + V2 V3 = I (R1 + R2 + R3)
V1 V2 + V3 = I (R1 + R2 + R3)
V1 V2 V3 = I (R1 + R2 + R3)
Co
R2
R3
V3
123
35 Three resistors, each of resistance R, are connected in a network, as shown.
9702/12/F/M/16
R
Y
X
R
ky
ha
The total resistance between points X and Y is 8.0 .
4.0
5.3
12
dr
2.7
aS
What is the value of R ?
9702/12/F/M/16
Ch
an
laws are used.
ed
by
Sa
jit
ra
ng
37 The battery of a car has an internal resistance of 0.10 and an electromotive force of 12 V. When
the battery is connected to the starter motor, the potential difference across the battery terminals
is 7.0 V.
9702/12/F/M/16
70 A
re
50 A
ar
What is the current supplied to the starter motor?

C
120 A
190 A
da
nd
33 A 12 V battery is charged for 20 minutes by connecting it to a source of electromotive force

(e.m.f.). The battery is supplied with 7.2 104 J of energy in this time.
9702/12/F/M/16
5.0 C
Co
pi
le
How much charge flows through the battery?

B
60 C
100 C
6000 C
124
31 Two copper wires of equal length are connected in parallel. A potential difference is applied
across the ends of this parallel arrangement. Wire S has a diameter of 3.0 mm. Wire T has a
diameter of 1.5 mm.
9702/11/M/J/16
What is the value of the ratio current in S ?
current in T
C
1
2
ha
ky
1
4
32 A 100 resistor conducts a current with changing direction and magnitude, as shown.
aS
9702/11/M/J/16
150 W
250 W
9702/11/M/J/16
re
ar
ra
ng
ed
33 Which graph shows the IV characteristic of a filament lamp?

A
time / ms
400 W
by
100 W
Sa
What is the mean power dissipated in the resistor?
jit
Ch
an
dr
current / A
0
0
nd
0
0
0
0
0
0
da
36 Two resistors of resistances R1 and R2 are connected in parallel.
9702/11/M/J/16
le
pi
R1
Co
R2
What is the combined resistance between X and Y?

A
R1 + R2
R1 R 2
R1 + R 2
R1 + R 2
R1 R 2
R1
R2
125
34 In the circuit shown, X is a variable resistor whose resistance can be changed from 5.0 to
500 . The e.m.f. of the battery is 12.0 V. It has negligible internal resistance.
9702/11/M/J/16
40
ha
ky
12.0 V
aS
output
1.5 V to 11.1 V
1.5 V to 12.0 V
an
1.3 V to 12.0 V
Ch
jit
1.3 V to 11.1 V
Sa
dr
What is the maximum range of values of potential difference across the output?
35 There is a current from P to R in the resistor network shown.
by
Q
6V
ng
ed
3V
9702/11/M/J/16
re
ar
ra
nd
5V
da
The potential difference (p.d.) between P and Q is 3 V.

The p.d. between Q and R is 6 V.
pi
le
The p.d. between P and S is 5 V.
Co
Which row in the table is correct?

p.d. between
Q and S
p.d. between
S and R
2V
4V
2V
10 V
3V
4V
3V
10 V
126
33 Two lamps are connected in series to a 250 V power supply. One lamp is rated 240 V, 60 W and
the other is rated 10 V, 2.5 W.
9702/12/M/J/16
Which statement most accurately describes what happens?
Both lamps light at less than their normal brightness.
Both lamps light at their normal brightness.
Only the 240 V lamp lights.
The 10 V lamp blows.
aS
ha
ky
an
dr
37 A voltmeter is used to monitor the operation of an electric motor. The motor speed is controlled
by a variable resistor. A fixed resistor is used to limit the speed.
9702/11/M/J/16
Ch
The current in the motor is gradually changed.
jit
In which circuit is the voltmeter reading proportional to the current in the motor?
Sa
by
supply
ng
ed
ra
ar
supply
pi
le
da
nd
re
V
M
Co
supply
M
D
+
V
supply
127
32 The potential difference V across a filament lamp is slowly raised from zero to its normal
operating value.
9702/12/M/J/16
Which graph represents the variation with V of the current I in the lamp?
A
0
0
0
0
aS
0
0
dr
0
0
ha
ky
9702/12/M/J/16
Sa
jit
Ch
an
ed
by
35 The charge that a fully charged 12 V car battery can supply is 100 kC. The starter motor of the car
requires a current of 200 A for an average period of 2.0 s. The battery does not recharge because
of a fault.
9702/12/M/J/16
25
42
250
ar
21
ra
ng
What is the maximum number of times the starter motor of the car can be used?
re
37 In the circuit shown, contact may be made at any point along the 3 resistor (potentiometer).
9702/12/M/J/16
da
nd
9V
pi
le
Co
output
voltage
The battery has e.m.f. 9 V and negligible internal resistance.

What is the maximum range of the output voltage?
A
02 V
05 V
23 V
25 V
128
36 A potential divider circuit is formed by connecting a battery of negligible internal resistance in

series with two variable resistors, as shown.
9702/12/M/J/16
RY
ky
RX
ha
VX
dr
aS
The variable resistors have resistances RX and RY.

VX is the potential difference across resistance RX.
an
RX and RY are both changed at the same time.
larger
larger
larger
smaller
smaller
larger
smaller
smaller
Sa
by
RY
ed
RX
jit
Ch
Which combination of changes must cause VX to increase?
ra
ng
32 The graph shows the variation with length of the resistance of a uniform metal wire.
nd
re
ar
resistance
da
0
0
length
pi
le
The gradient of the graph is G.

The wire has cross-sectional area A.
Co
Which expression could be used to calculate the resistivity of the metal of the wire?
A
GA
G
A
A
G
G A2
9702/13/M/J/16
129
31 In an electrolyte, the electric current is carried by charged particles (ions) in solution.
9702/13/M/J/16
+1.6 1019 C
+3.2 1019 C
+4.0 1019 C
ky
ha
4.8 1019 C
aS
What is not a possible value for the charge on an ion in solution?
dr
33 What describes the electric potential difference between two points in a wire that carries a
current?
9702/13/M/J/16
the force required to move a unit positive charge between the points
the ratio of the energy dissipated between the points to the current
the ratio of the power dissipated between the points to the current
the ratio of the power dissipated between the points to the charge moved
Sa
jit
Ch
an
Q
I
ar
ra
ng
ed
by
34 The graphs show possible current-voltage (I-V ) characteristics for a filament lamp and for a
9702/13/M/J/16
0
0
nd
re
0
0
0
0
0
0
da
Which row in the table best specifies the correct I-V graphs for the lamp and for the diode?
le
filament lamp
P
pi
m
Co
semiconductor
diode
130
35 A circuit contains a cell, two resistors of resistances R1 and R2 and a variable resistor X. The cell
has negligible internal resistance.
9702/13/M/J/16
V1
R1
I2
aS
ha
ky
R2
an
I2 is the current through the resistor of resistance R2.
dr
V1 is the potential difference across the resistor of resistance R1.
Ch
The resistance of X is reduced.

What is the effect on V1 and I2?
I2
decreases
decreases
decreases
increases
increases
decreases
increases
increases
ng
ed
by
Sa
jit
V1
nd
re
ar
ra
37 Two identical batteries each have e.m.f. 6.0 V and internal resistance r. The batteries are
connected to an external resistor of resistance 11 , as shown.
9702/13/M/J/16
6.0 V
pi
le
da
6.0 V
11
Co
0.50 A
The current in the external resistor is 0.50 A.

What is the internal resistance r of each battery?
A
1.0
2.0
4.0
6.5
131
36 A 100 cm potentiometer wire QT is connected in series with a 2.00 V cell. Another circuit,
consisting of a 2.00 V cell in series with resistors of resistance 4.00 and 6.00 , is set up
alongside the potentiometer. Connections PQ and RS are then made so that the potential
difference (p.d.) across the 4.00 resistor is balanced against the p.d. across a length L of
potentiometer wire. Both cells have negligible internal resistance.
9702/13/M/J/16
ha
ky
2.00 V
L
S
aS
dr
6.00
What is the balance length L?

A
40 cm
60 cm
100 cm
PQR and XYZ are wires in a circuit. A galvanometer connects Q and Y as a null indicator.
ra
ng
ed
0 cm
by
Sa
2.00 V
jit
Ch
4.00
an
da
nd
re
ar
The potential difference between Q and Y is infinite.
pi
le
When the galvanometer reads zero, which statement is correct?
The potential difference between Q and Y is zero.
The resistance between Q and Y is infinite.
The resistance between Q and Y is zero.
Co
9702/12/F/M/16

9702 p1 Current Electricity All Completed

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9702 p1 Current Electricity All Completed

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1

Which row of the table correctly identifies these graphs?

The currents are related by the equation I1 + I2 = I3 + I4.

35 A potential divider is used to give outputs of 2 V and 3 V from a 5 V source, as shown.

30 Which equation is used to define resistance?

resistivity = resistance area length

potential difference = current resistance

energy = (current)2 resistance time

The lamps are less bright than normal.

The lamps have normal brightness.

The lamps are brighter than normal.

The lamps do not light.

What is the resistance of this lamp at room temperature?

33 At a circuit junction, a current I divides into currents I1, I2 and I3.

These currents are related by the equation

Kirchhoffs first law based on conservation of charge

Kirchhoffs first law based on conservation of energy

Kirchhoffs second law based on conservation of charge

Kirchhoffs second law based on conservation of energy

Which statement explains the shape of this graph?

It takes time for the filament to reach its working temperature.

The resistance of the filament increases with a rise in temperature.

34 The combined resistance RT of two resistors of resistances R1 and R2 connected in parallel is

Which statement is used in the derivation of this formula?

The potential difference across each resistor is the same.

Which of the following is correct?

What is the potential difference between terminals X and Y?

The resistance of the variable resistor is now increased.

potential difference across XY

What is the charge that flows during this time?

What is the current I ?

33 The diagram shows an arrangement of four resistors.

What is the resistance between X and Y?

What range of voltages can be obtained between P and Q?

30 A wire carries a current of 2.0 amperes for 1.0 hour.

How many electrons pass a point in the wire in this time?

What is the value of the current I ?

What is the ratio current in P ?

Which one of the following is correct?

Which line in the table is correct?

32 What is an equivalent unit to 1 volt?

What is the current between X and Y?

the battery's e.m.f. and the current

the current and the battery's internal resistance

the current and the external resistance

the battery's e.m.f. and its internal resistance

What quantities are needed to calculate the fall in voltage?

A voltmeter is connected across the fixed resistor.

The value of the variable resistor is reduced.

On which conservation laws do Kirchhoffs laws depend?

What is the resistance of resistor X?

32 The diagram shows four heaters and the current in each.

Which heater has the greatest power dissipation?

How many coulombs of charge pass a given point in wire R in 5 seconds?

34 The resistance of a thermistor decreases significantly as its temperature increases.

The thermistor is kept in air. The air is at room temperature.

I1 > I2 and V1 > V2

I1 > I2 and V1 < V2

I1 < I2 and V1 > V2

I1 < I2 and V1 < V2

Which gives the available range of output p.d?

32 A copper wire of cross-sectional area 2.0 mm2 carries a current of 10 A.

33 A cylindrical piece of a soft, electrically-conducting material has resistance R. It is rolled out so

What is its new resistance?