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INTRODUCTION
The main aim of this project is develop an intelligent ambulance which will reach the hospitals
without any problem in heavy traffics.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This particular project is designed for the cities with heavy traffic .Eg: In
Bangalore the roads are full jammed every time. Most of the time the traffic will at least for
100meters .In this distance the traffics police cant hear the siren form the ambulance .so he
ignores this .Then the ambulance has to wait till the traffic is left. Some times to leave the
traffic it takes at least 30 minutes .So by this time any thing can happen to the patient .So this
project avoid these disadvantages.
According to this project if any ambulance comes near when the ambulance at emergency
comes to any traffic post the traffic signals automatically stop the signals and give green signal
for this ambulance.
When the ambulance at emergency comes to any traffic post the traffic signals automatically
stop the signal. the road accidents in modern urban areas are increased to uncertain level. The
loss of human life due to accident is to be avoided. Traffic congestion and tidal flow are major
facts that cause delay to ambulance. To bar lossof human life due to accidents we introduce a
scheme called ITLS (Intelligent Traffic Light system). The main theme behind
this scheme is to provide a smooth flow for the emergency vehicles like ambulance to reach the
hospitals in time and thus minimizing the delay caused by traffic congestion. The idea behind
this scheme is to implement ITLS which would control mechanically the traffic lights in the
path of the ambulance. The ambulance is controlled by the control unit which furnishes
adequate route to the ambulance and also controls the traffic light according to the ambulance
location and thus reaching the hospital safely. The controller identifies the location of the
accident spot through the sensor systems in the vehicle which determined the accident and thus
the controller walks through the ambulance to the spot. This scheme is fully automated, thus it
finds the accident spot, controls the traffic lights, helping to reach the hospital in time
1
TRAFFIC POST:
AMBULANCE:
Ambulance with
RF
Transmitter
RTC
RTC OSC
Backup
Siren
LCD (Display)
EPROM Micro Controller (AT89S52) LCD Driver LCD Glass
Power Supply
Trans former
RFReceiver
Rectifier
Regulator
(7805)
Filter
CHAPTER NO:2
LITRATURE SURVEY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been applied in various domains like
weather monitoring military, home automation, health care monitoring, security and safety etc.
or in a nut shell one can say wireless sensor network can be applied in most of the domains [1],
[7]. Traffic Signal System or traffic monitoring is a vast domain where WSN can be applied to
gather information about the incoming flow of traffic, traffic load on a particular road, traffic
load at particular period of time (peak hours) and in vehicle prioritization. WSN installed along
a road can be utilized to control the traffic load on roads and at traffic intersections [5], [9].
The sensor nodes that are to be deployed along the road are small in size and have low energy
consumption
[2], [3]. These sensors run on both battery power as well as solar energy. They have the
capability to draw solar energy so that they can use sunlight for functioning in bright and sunny
condition and the battery power for functioning at night or in cloudy or foggy condition.
Sensors used in the Wireless Sensor Network for traffic signal systems are mainly of two types:
i) Intrusive type
ii) Non-Intrusive type
i)
Intrusive types of sensor are kept under the road and sense the traffic waiting at the
ii)
signal. This type of sensor has the same working principle as that of a metal detector.
ii) Non-Intrusive types of sensor is fitted on the road. The installation of this type of
sensor is easy as no cutting of road is needed to be done. Non-intrusive sensor includes
acoustic sensors or video image processors to detect the presence of vehicles waiting at
the traffic intersection. Although Intrusive sensors are very effective still Nonintrusive
sensors are preferred over Intrusive sensors as they are cost-effective, easy to install,
immune to natural corrosion and degradation
3
2.3BLOCK DIAGRAMS
2.3.1 Block Diagram Of Vehicle Unit
If a vehicle has met accident, vibration sensor or fire sensor gives the electric signal to
microcontroller
through
The controller finds the nearest ambulance to the accident spot and also the shortest path
between the ambulance, accident spot and the nearest hospital. The controller then sends this
path to the ambulance. Also using this information the controller controls all the traffic signals
in the path of ambulance and makes it ready to provide free path to ambulance, which ensures
that the ambulance reaches the hospital without delay. At the same time, the ambulance unit
turns ON the RF transmitter. This will lead to communicate with the traffic section.
3. Traffic unit
Whenever traffic signal section receives the information about accident, the RF receiver in this
section is turned ON to search for ambulance nearing the traffic signal. Whenever the
ambulance reaches near to the traffic signal(approximately 100m), the traffic signal will be
made to green through RF communication. Thereby the ambulance is recommended to reach
the hospital in time
CHAPTER NO :3
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
IR Sensors LM358
Temperature Sensor LM 35
LEDs
Power Supply 5V DC
Keil
Proteus
Flash Magic
Embedded C
Hyper Terminal
CHAPTER NO: 4
IMPLEMENTATION
Fig no
4.2:
Slecting
target
10
Fig
no 4.3:
Creating
source file
11
The Flash Magic utility connects the PC's COM port to the serial port of the MCB2300 and
provides In-System Flash Programming (ISP) support for Intel HEX files. Flash Magic is a PC
tool for programming flash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial or Ethernet
protocol while in the target hardware. Following are the steps to access flash magic
1. Select COM 3 for the COM Port, specify 7200 as the Baud Rate, and select the 89LPC952 as
the Device.
2. Enable Erase blocks used by Hex File.
3. Select
the
Hex
File,
for
example:
C:\KEIL\C51\EXAMPLES\PHILIPS
LPC95x\BLINKY\BLINKY.HEX.
4. In the Options Advanced Options dialog, enable Use DTR and RTS to enter ISP mode, and
select Keil MCB 900 from the
12
4.1.3 HyperTerminal
HyperTerminal is an application you can use in order to connect your computer to other remote
systems. These systems include other computers, bulletin board systems, servers, Telnet sites,
and online services. However, you would need a modem, an Ethernet connection, or a null
modem cable before you can use HyperTerminal.
Within HyperTerminals user interface, you will find menus, buttons, icons, and messages. All
these elements and controls work together so as to provide convenience for the user, especially
for accessing the necessary features and performing various tasks. This application is a useful
tool, particularly for testing if your modem is working well and in verifying if you have a stable
connection with other sites.
In order to check if your modems settings are configured correctly or if your modem is
connected properly, you can send a set of commands through HyperTerminal and view the
13
results given. Other functions of HyperTerminal would include the recording of data being sent
to and from the service of the computer you are connected to. Through this information, you
will be able to determine the stability of your connections.
14
This is the wire used to connect PC with circuitry. The wire is known as port wire.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
16
17
between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment).
18
20
The most commonly used Character based LCDs are based on Hitachi's HD44780 controller or
other which are compatible with HD44580.
4.2.4.1 Pin Description
Most LCDs with 1 controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller has 16 Pins (two pins are
extra in both for back-light LED connections). Pin description is shown in the table below.
but be aware that some modules may require a negative potential; as low as 7V in some cases. For
absolute simplicity, connecting this pin to 0V will often suffice.
Pin 4 is register select (RS) line.
PIN NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
NAME
VSS
VDD
VEE
RS
R/W
E
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
FUNCTION
Ground
Positive supply
Contrast
Register select
Read/Write
Enable
Data Bit 0
Data Bit 1
Data Bit 2
Data Bit 3
Data Bit 4
Data Bit 5
Data Bit 6
Data Bit 7
23
display, data will become available shortly after the low to high transition and remain available
until the signal falls low again.
Pins 7 to 14 are the eight data bus lines (D0 to D7). Data can be transferred to and from the
display, either as a single 8-bit byte or as two 4-bit nibbles. In the latter case, only the upper
four data lines (D4 to D7) are used. This $-bit mode is beneficial when using a microcontroller,
as fewer I/O lines are required.
4. Clear display:
Send 01H to clear display and return cursor to home position.
Liquid Crystal Display also called as LCD is very helpful in providing user interface as well as
for
debugging
cost effective.
The ENABLE pin is used to latch the data present on the data pins. A HIGH - LOW signal is
required to latch the data. The LCD interprets and executes our command at the instant the EN
line is brought low. If you never bring EN low, your instruction will never be executed.
26
CHAPTER NO. 5
DESIGN OF SOLUTION
In our project we have three components-ambulance which acts as the client, scanners which act as
Bluetooth access points and master servers. When the ambulance sends signal to the scanner in
order to get the database for finding the shortest path leading to the hospital, the scanner sends the
database to the ambulance in an encrypted format. This similar approach is observed in another
work In-Building Location using Bluetooth. In this project the location of any mobile device can
be detected using Bluetooth scanners. The received signal strength from each coordinate is sent to
the server by the scanners. The server has a map of RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) at
different coordinates. Thus it gives the deduced location of the mobile device by the use of the
received RSSI and triangulation technique.
5.1 ADMINISTRATION
5.1.1 Step algorithum
Step 1: START
Step 2: Login window opens
Enter user name: name
Enter password: pass
Step 3: If username exist in table:
If password==pass:
//login successful
//Another window opens
To enter new node GOTO Step 4
To insert distance between two nodes GOTO Step 7
Else:
//login unsuccessful
GOTO Step 2
5.2 AMBULANCE
5.2.1 Step Algorithm
Step 1: START
Step 2: read path, status, mac, flag, temp, priority, car count from file
Step 3: search cars (Bluetooth devices) at a particular node
Step 4: if mac address of ambulance is found in search:
GOTO Step 5
Else:
GOTO Step 13
Step 5: Count the number of ambulance present in current node
Step 22: Using the modules matplotlib (pyplot) and visual, plot the two dimensional and three
dimensional views of the paths with respect to the co-ordinates of the nodes obtained from the
database. The minimum distance path is differentiated by colouring it red while the rest are blue.
Step 23: End.
YA=0;YC=0;YB=0;YD=0;
GA=1;GC=1;GB=0;GD=0; //A and C side Green; B and D side Red
RA=0;RC=0;RB=1;rD=1;
if(count<50)
{
if(Input==0)
{
while(Input==0);
if(A==1 || C==1) //Ambulance from A or C side
{
Traffic_Light();
}
if(b==1 || D==1) //Ambulance from B or D side
{
Traffic_Light1();
}
}
goto here;
}
count=0;
}
Yellow_BD()
{
here1:
YA=0;YC=0;YB=1;YD=1;
if(count<20)
{
if(Input==0)
{
while(Input==0);
if(A==1 || C==1) //Ambulance from A or C side
{
Traffic_Light();
}
if(b==1 || D==1) //Ambulance from B or D side
{
Traffic_Light1();
}
}
goto here1;
}
count=0;
}
Traffic_BD()
{
here2:
YA=0;YC=0;YB=0;YD=0;
GA=0;GC=0;GB=1;GD=1; //A and C side Green; B and D side Red
RA=1;RC=1;RB=0;rD=0;
if(count<50)
{
if(Input==0)
{
while(Input==0);
if(A==1 || C==1) //Ambulance from A or C side
{
Traffic_Light();
}
if(b==1 || D==1) //Ambulance from B or D side
{
Traffic_Light1();
}
}
goto here2;
}
count=0;
}
Yellow_AC()
{
here3:
YA=1;YC=1;YB=0;YD=0;
if(count<20)
{
if(Input==0)
{
while(Input==0);
if(A==1 || C==1) //Ambulance from A or C side
{
Traffic_Light();
}
if(b==1 || D==1) //Ambulance from B or D side
{
Traffic_Light1();
}
}
goto here3;
}
}
Traffic_Light()
{
Traffic_AC();
Yellow_BD();
Traffic_BD();
Yellow_AC();
}
Traffic_Light1()
{
Traffic_BD();
Yellow_AC();
Traffic_AC();
Yellow_BD();
}
CHAPTER NO:6
FORMATION OF PROBLEM
Hello Friends There is saying Necessity is Mother of Invention. This project is result of some
real life scenes that most of us has witnessed. Such as :
6.1 SIMULATION
1. As soon as power supply is provided to the set up it is initialized. The Intelligent Ambulance
operates via RF communication. The driver of the ambulance has the transmitter module and the
receiver is installed at traffic lights control unit. Sensors to detect Ambulance are installed on each
Traffic light. So the initial setup is as shown in the figure below:
CHAPTER NO:7
7.1 SIMULATION RESULTS
SYSTEM TESTING
Intelligent Traffic Light System is simulated using PROTEUS SOFTWARE and their results are
presented here. The circuit model of the above system is shown and sensors are connected to
measure output result.
CHAPTER NO: 8
From a proper analysis of positive points and constraints of the system it is inferred that the system
is working as per the objectives of the project. Installation and maintenance of the system is cost
effective and takes less time. The system-user interface is user friendly and does not require
specialized training or skills to operate it.
The project has been designed to substantially enhance the performance by ensuring smooth
mobility of emergency services (like ambulance, fire engines, etc.).The implementation of the
algorithm is done in such a way that it not only paves way to emergency vehicles but its auto
reinstatement of the older status of traffic light helps in smooth transition of traffic along the road.
The system also reduces the workload of traffic personnel as it totally automates the whole
prospect of traffic signalling which also greatly reduces the domain of error. We have also
equipped it with an algorithm which provides the user with the shortest possible path between
destination and source which is the biggest asset in this era where people consider time as money
Being an automated signalling system it eliminates the chances of human error which often results
in road accidents and mishaps.
As discussed earlier, this project transforms the shortcomings (in terms of range and scanning
time) of Bluetooth Technology into its strength thereby consolidating its applicability as the time
lag between detection of two vehicles has to be wide enough to avoid any complications. A scan
time of usually 8 seconds also provides us with adequate time for reinstating of older status of
traffic lights.
Thus this project is practically feasible, economically viable, and reliable in nature. Its robust as
well as easy to handle mechanism makes it easy and quite simple to be understood and brought in
use by the masses. Summing up we can say that this project with its ready to apply technology and
cheap installation charges invariably finds its application in our traffic signalling system.
An improvisation of the project and subsequent modification of the system can serve our purpose
as and when needed in near future.
implemented in countries with large population like INDIA can produce better results. The ITLS
is more accurate with no loss of time. But there may be a delay caused because of GSM messages
since it is a queue based technique, which can be reduced by giving more priority to the messages
communicated through the controller
APPLICATIONS
1) Defence vehicles in emergency cases.
2) Fire extinguishing vehicles
3) Police vans in emergency cases
REFERENCES
[1]. Wang wei, fan hanbo, traffic accident Automatic detection and remote alarm Device
[2]. Zhaosheng yang. Study on the schemes of Traffic signal timing for priority vehicles Based on
navigation system, 2000.
[3]. Xiaolin lu, develop web gis based Intelligent transportation application Systems with web
service technology, Proceedings of international
conference on its telecommunications, 2006.
[4]. Katsunori tawara, naoto mukai, traffic Signal control by using traffic Congestion prediction
based on Pheromone model, proceedings of
22nd International conference on tools with Artificial intelligence, 2010.
[5]. Malik Tubaishat, Qi Qi, Yi Shang, Hongchi Shi Wireless Sensor-Based Traffic Light Control
IEEE CCNC 2008 proceedings 1-42441457-1/08
[6]. Qingfeng Huang and Ying Zhang. Dynamic balancing of push and pull in a distributed traffic
information system. In IEEE Consumer
Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC 2007), 2007.
[7]. Jianhou Gan, Lingyun Yuan, Zhongqi Sheng and Tianwei Xu, Construction and
Implementation of an Integrated WSID Traffic
Monitoring Network System, Proc. 21st annual international conference on Chinese control and
decision conference, 2009, pp. 47264731.
[8]. Xu Li, Wei Shu, Minglu Li, Hong-Yu Huang, Pei-En Luo, Min-You Wu, Performance
Evaluation of Vehicle-Based Mobile Sensor
Networks for Traffic Monitoring IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, May 2009, vol. 58,
no. 4, pp. 1647-1653.