| TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS |

TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS

| TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS |

General Information
Due to increasingly heavy
trafc and, most of all,
specic trafc conditions
in tunnels which can cause
disastrous accidents,
special attention is needed
in planning tunnel systems.

To ensure uninterrupted and safe trafc systems the following devices and
systems that conform to the latest European standards and directives are
incorporated into tunnels:

re alarm system
TV control system
trafc control and registration system
CO concentration and visibility control system
electric power system
uninterrupted power system
tunnel lighting system
tunnel ventilation system
radio communication system
emergency call system

All the systems act autonomously and independently of each other. Each system
becomes fully functional only by its integration in the control and supervision
system (CSS) wich encompasses all tunnel subsystems and devices and controls
them according to preprogrammed processes or algorithms, depending on
tunnel conditions.
The control and supervision system contains two management levels: central
and local. Central control is represented by devices in the control centre,
while local control is represented by microprocessor controllers - local stations
installed in the tunnel. Communications between all the devices in the CSS
system (computers and individual local stations) runs through Ethernet, TCP/IP.

GENERAL INFORMATIONS | TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS |

There are many systems

and devices built into a safe,
modern tunnel system:
monitoring and supervision
devices, re alert sensors
and rescue signs, trafc
sensors, variable message
signs and trafc lights, lighting
systems, energy control
and distribution systems,
ventilation, water control, etc.

The CSS concept is based on the most reliable, quick and autonomous local
stations. Each local station is directly connected with all subsystems, devices
and individual elements in its tunnel segment. Based on events and conditions
in its respective tunnel system each local station reacts immediately, independently controls its own devices and sends information about conditions to
other local stations and the control centre.
All other local stations control their own devices according to preprogrammed interdependent control algorithms.
The control centre receives comprehensive information about tunnel events.
It displays the events on a control computer screen and saves data in a suitable manner for later processing, making reports and event analyses.
In recent times, tunnel control and supervision systems have been functionally connected to open highway trafc control systems. This enables the rapid
communication of dangerous situations in a tunnel (re, accident, congestion)
to information signs on the highway. Also, when a dangerous trafc situation is
detected on a highway, tunnel trafc is regulated accordingly.

Basic network diagram. Local

stations, the rst level of
control, are connected via
an optical network to the
centre.The main centre and
two redundant centres with
a restricted set of features
are operational 24/7 in the
event of a fatal power or
communication failure.

| TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS | CONTROL CENTRE

Tunnel
control centre

Control Centre
The control centre enables personnel on duty to view
the trafc in a tunnel and to have an overview of all tunnel systems. This is made possible by control computers,
TV screens and control consoles of different subsystems
(radio, weather stations, emergency call system).
CSS contains cutting-edge technology systems and has
program-built control algorithms that enable immediate
automatic trafc control, depending on the event and
situations. Operaters usually monitor the process and
conditions and control system only if necessary.

Tunnel trafc
signalisation

CONTROL CENTRE | TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS |

To ensure maximum security, the complete control system contains doubled workstations for operaters. Workstations with equal functionality are installed not only in
control computer system in the control centre, but also
in equipment control stations beside the tunnel.
The control and supervision system functions:
receive all events (warnings, alarms, orders) and data
from all tunnel subsystems,
perform data processing and analysis,
display status and data in tables and graphs,
communicate with the operator,
print out protocols of all events, and
archive all events and save of important video tracks.
To give the tunnel control operator views of all events
on CSS screens, conditions in the tunnel are displayed
in colour changing symbols for individual elements and
devices in screen shots.
The basic screen shot contains only basic elements and
warnings and alarms to keep it easy to overview. Next to
it there are as many screen shots as there are functional
systems incorporated in the tunnel.

| TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS | CONTROL CENTRE

For every event in the tunnel the systems warn the operator with a warning or an alarm. Warnings are graphic
(ashing or colour change of the active element symbol),
textual (description of event with all characteristics in the
alarm bar) and audible (alarm beep).
When a detailed overview of tunnel events is necessary,
the operator can change from a basic screen shot to
screen shots of every subsystem where all the information for the chosen subsystem is visible up to the
individual status for every inbuilt element.
Aside from monitoring current tunnel conditions, the
CSS operator may also use software tools to check all
archived measurements and events in a graphic and tabular display. This is important in observing statistical trafc
data, determining trafc conditions in the tunnel and in
analysing individual subsystem elements based on automatic control or manual interference in the system.

LOCAL STATIONS | TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS |

Local Stations
The basic element of the control and supervision system
in a tunnel is a microprocessor control unit - local station
(LS). In tunnel tube local stations are built into SDC (safety device connection) cabinets, emergency call niches,
electronies niches and equipment control stations.
The local station is modular-built control system. The
basics are processing microcomputer system modules,
which are capable of performing different logical, sequential, timing, counting, arithmetic, regulation and communication functions according to user software commands.
Local stations collect data from all sensors in the tunnel
(trafc detectors, CO concentration and visibility meters,
lighting conditions, etc.) They are connected to all other
stations and subsystems (re and video control system,
power and radio system, trafc control system, ventilation
system, etc.)
In local stations automatic data processing and local
control of connected devices is performed, even in case
of interrupted communications with the control centre.
The local station controls trafc equipment (trafc lights
and ashes, changeable signs and information tables) on
the basis of detected events in its tunnel segment, and
reports data and all activity to a higher level where integrated control of the whole tunnel is performed.

| TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS | LOCAL STATIONS

The local station is the control system segment that, based

on detection of an alarm (re, driving in the wrong direction, high CO concentration, congestion or trafc accident,
malfunction of any inbuilt element, device or system), immediately begins to conduct a suitable preprogrammed
scenario of tunnel equipment control (switching on a
camera at the location with the problem, controlling trafc
equipment and changeable signalisation, lighting regulation,
switching on air conditioning, etc). At the same time, all
events and alarms are reported to the control system
where the operator is informed by audible signal, dynamic
screen display and textual information in the alarm bar.
All events are written in the data base of the control
computer and are available at any moment for analysis
of automatic performance as well as any manual interference in the system.

| ASIST | SYSTEMS AUTOMATION |

Cesta Ljubljanske brigade 23 A 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia T: +386 1 583 72 00 F: +386 1 583 72 10 E: info@asist.si URL: http://www.asist.si