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Abstract
This research investigates the influence of gravity loads and
large displacements theory, generally known as second order
P-delta effects, on the stability of reinforced concrete (RCC)
bridge piers. Second order analysis combines two effects to
reach a solution of 1st order analysis and large displacement
analysis. The large deformation analysis takes full account of
the effect due to the deformed shape of the structure and its
member. When structures become more slender and less
resistant to deformation, consideration of 2nd order effects is
essential for tall members. Most of the methods are available
for analyzing slender exposed piles subjected to axial thrust,
sway and lateral forces, are at best in terms of theoretical
methods only. So in this paper, an attempt is made to study
the secondary analysis of the pile foundation. The results 2nd
order effect by manual calculation are compared with
modelling (Midas Civil software) results.
Introduction
Piling system has been used as foundation for supporting
various structures mainly found on the low bearing capacity
soil several decades ago. Today, there are numerous types of
piles being developed and extensively used in the construction
industries. It includes a very simple type, most commonly
used RC piles and less commonly used steel piles, whereas
bore pile and micro pile system that introduced in India in the
last few years to accommodate the growing environmental
awareness which provides non vibration and non-pollution
method for installation of pile foundation especially for highly
developed areas [1] observed by Kuwabara, F. [2]
1579
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 3 (2016) pp 1579-1582
Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Itt= 52(1.02+2.92) = 94.0 m2
ILL= 42(1.92+3.82) = 144.4 m2
= 9.751010 kg cm2
Step 1: Max. Vertical load on pile
+
Node
Load
Manual (Ton)
1
2
Minimum load
Maximum load
25.13
34.17
HT per pile =
HL per pile =
FEM software
(Ton)
25.313
33.977
= 0.86 Ton
= 0.42 Ton
Numerical Calculation
1580
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 3 (2016) pp 1579-1582
Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Figure 3: Min Bending Moment (Mzz) on pile (Ton-m) using
Midas Civil
Figure 2b: Elevation of pile layout (m) using Midas Civil [8]
Load
Manual (Ton)
1
2
HT per pile
HL per pile
0.86
0.42
FEM software
(Ton)
0.875
0.42
= 50.7 10-5
MT ( Mzz minor axis) per pile due to HL
= (HL/) tanL/2
1581
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 3 (2016) pp 1579-1582
Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
References
= 0.42
[1]
= 3.66 ton-m
ML ( Myy major axis) per pile due to HT
= (HT/) tanL/2
[2]
= 0.86
[3]
= 7.58 ton-m
[4]
Load
1
2
Manual
(Ton-m)
3.66
7.58
Midas
(Ton - m)
3.674
7.718
[5]
[6]
Conclusions
Now a days, most of the pile is slender so it is necessary to
calculate bending in long slender pile by using second order
theory considering buckling deflection for various
combination of axial thrust and lateral forces. [9]. This paper
is intended to make the choice more informed about the
secondary analysis. Whereas an analysis for P-delta effect is
required, a rational analysis, which takes into account the post
elastic deflections in the structure, have to be used to
determine the P-delta effects. Unless otherwise included in the
analysis method adopted, increase in displacements due to Pdelta effects have to be added to the displacements calculated
by the analysis method.
A force-based method of analyzing bending-buckling
interaction has been demonstrated using the software Midas
Civil. The values obtained from the manual and software
values have good agreement. Hence the designers must
consider the interaction of bending-buckling while designing
the pile foundations in seismic zones. [10, 11]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
1582