DRUG STUDY

NAME OF
INDICATION
DRUG
GENERIC nsulin is always
NAME
used for the
treatment
Insulin
of insulinCLASSIFIdependent
CATION
Short
acting
analogues
Insulin
Lispro
(Humalog)
, Insulin
Aspart
(Novorapi
d), Insulin
Glulisine
(Apidra)On
set 30
minutes(H
uman)
Actrapid
10ml Vial
only,
Humulin S,
Insuman
Rapid

DOSAGE
20 units

diabetes
mellitus (type I
diabetes) and
occasionally
also for the
treatment of
therapy
refractory noninsulindependent
diabetes
mellitus (type
II). This therapy
is obligatory for
individuals with
ketoacidosis
and it can be
taken into
consideration
for all subjects
who remain
symptomatic,
lose weight, or
have
continuously
high blood
glucose

CONTRAINDICATION

during
episodes of
hypoglycemia
in patients who
are
hypersensitive
to HUMALOG
or to any of its
excipients.

MECHANISM OF
ACTION
Insulin and
its mechanism of
action. 2.
INTRODUCTION: Insul
in is a peptide
hormone, produced by
beta cells of the
pancreas, and is
central to regulating
carbohydrate and fat
metabolism in the
body. Insulincauses
cells in the liver,
skeletal muscles, and
fat tissue to absorb
glucose from the blood.

SIDE EFFECTS

Anxiety

blurred
vision

chills

cold sweats

coma

confusion

convulsions

cool, pale
skin

cough

decreased
urine

depression

difficulty
swallowing

dizziness

dry mouth

fast

NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
a. Be certain to give the
correct type of insulin.
b. Prepare the correct
dosage. Have another
nurse double-check the
dose before you
administer the injection.
c. Use the correct
syringe. Never use a
regular syringe for
insulin. Use a syringe
calibrated in "units."
d. Before drawing up
the insulin, gently "roll"
the bottle between your
palms to mix and warm
the solution.
e. Eliminate all air
bubbles from the
syringe. One small air
bubble may displace 2
or 3 units of insulin.
f. Cleanse the skin with
alcohol and allow to
dry. This helps avoid
pitting of the skin.
g. Give the injection
subcutaneously. Rotate
the injection site with
each dose. (Rotating
the sites prevents
tissue necrosis.) Refer
to figure 1-9 for

BID

concentrations
(in fasting state
more than 7-8
mmol/l,
postprandial
more than 1012 mmol/l)
despite another
treatment.
Insulin can also
become
temporarily
necessary
during surgical
interventions or
acute diseases

heartbeat

flushing or
redness of the
skin

headache

hives

increased
hunger

increased
thirst

irregular
heartbeat

itching

loss of
appetite

muscle pain
or cramps

nausea

nightmares

numbness
or tingling in the
hands, feet, or
lips

injection sites.
h. Always check to see
whether the patient is
and has been eating
his normal diet.

puffiness or
swelling of the
eyelids or
around the
eyes, face, lips,
or tongue

seizures

sha+++++
+kiness

shortness
of breath

skin rash
slurred
speech

sweating

swelling

tightness in
the chest

unusual
tiredness or
weakness

unusually
warm skin

NAME OF
DRUG
GENERIC
NAME
Citicholine

INDICATION

Citicoline is used
for Alzheimer's
disease and
other types
of dementia, he
CLASSIFICATIad trauma,
ON
cerebrovascula
Zynapse,
r disease such
cholinerve
as stroke, agerelated memory
loss, Parkinson'
s disease,
DOSAGE
attention
1g TID
deficithyperactive
disorder
(ADHD),
and glaucoma.

CONTRAINDICATION

Patients

wheezing

MECHANISM OF
ACTION

SIDE
EFFECTS

Citicoline seems

Body

NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES

Monitor

with

to increase a

temperat

patients

acute,

brain chemical

ure

Citicoline

severe &

called

elevation

may be

progressi

phosphatidylcholi

ve

ne. This brain

disturban

chemical is

ce of

important for brain

conscious function.
ness

Restlessn

taken with

es

or without

Headach

food. Take it

es

with or

Nausea

between

and

meals.

Administr

vomiting

ation with

Diarrhea

supplement

hemostat

Low or

should not

high

be taken in

blood

the late

pressure

afternoon

ics
Intracrani
al
pressure
relieving

Tachycar
dia

The

or at night
because it

drugs or

can cause

use

troubles

difficulty

measures

or

sleeping.

to keep

insomnia

body
temp low.

Sleeping

Blurred
vision
Chest
pains