Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rhabditoid Larva:
o flask-shaped esophagus (dxtic morph)
o long narrow buccal chamber
o inconspicuous genital primordium
o molts once to filariform (L3)
Ascend through esophagus, then we swallow>down the GIT molts again: becomes mature
worms (small intestines)-> adults produce
partially embryonated eggs that are discharged
with the feces-> egg develop into rhabditoid
larva in the environment
Ancylostoma ceylanicum
MALES: 8mm long
o Caudal expansion->Bursa (broader)
->lateral rays more curved
FEMALES: 10mm long
Buccal capsule: teeth with configuration
At anterior edge of the mouth capsule.
On each side is one large tooth and behind (or
below) is a very small tooth (back to back
teeth)
teeth)
Found in wild and domesticated feline and canine hosts
Tropics and subtropics
Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)
American murderer
Adults:
tapere
d/atte
nuate
d
*Teeth and Dental patterns
A
0 - has cutting plates
B
2 -2 pairs of teeth
C
3 -3 pairs of teeth
D
2 -2 pairs of teeth
* Ancylostoma ceylanicum
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma brazilienze
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma duodenale
= 2 pairs of back to
back teeth
anteriorly
flexed dorsally (sexy compared to S.
stercoralis)
Ancylostoma: low temperature tolerant
PATTERN OF RAIN FALL:
- Dampness, condensation: infective larvae
migrate to soil surfaces (readily penetrate the
skin)
- Dryness: larvae retreat
DUNG BEETLES: form soil-feces mixture (which favors
larval development)
PHILIPINES: N. americanus is a more serious concern
Suitability of the environment for eggs and larvae:
DAMP, SANDY, FRIABLE SOIL (24-32 deg C)
Fecal Pollution of soil (teach children to defect at the
right place)
Extent of contact between infected soil and skin/mouth
HOOKWORM INFECTIONS AND DISEASES
LIFE CYCLE
Adults: small intestine (jejunum, ileum) attached to the
mucosa
tendency to detach from attachment from time
to time for mating and feeding
Requires PULMONARY MIGRATION for essential
development in the lungs as 3rd stage larva
before maturity in the intestine
Parasites practice ratio-proportion of eggs and adults
Skin penetration
1. CUTANEOUS LESIONS
Unprotected sandboxes
Bathing in beaches
Extra:
Necator americanus
o New World hookworm
(Necator = New )
o American hookworm
o American murderer
Ancylostoma duodenale
o Old World hookworm
o Identified during the early 19th
century: found in miners
working in Germany
Ancylostoma caninum
o Dog hookworm
Ancylostoma braziliense
o Cat hookworm
STRONGYLOIDES VS HOOKWORMS
Strongyloides
stercoralis
Hookworm
Short
conspicuous
Long
inconspicuou
s
Longer
notched
Short flask
shaped
pointed
Smaller
2-4 cell stage
Larger
2-8 cell stage
Rhabditiform larva
Buccal cavity
Esophagus
Genital
primordium
Filariform larva
Tail
Egg
Size
Cell
segmentation