Neapolitan Language - Wikipedia

Neapolitan language - Wikipedia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_language
Neapolitan language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neapolitan (autonym: (o n)napulitano [(o

n)napulitn]; Italian: napoletano) is the language of
much of southern continental Italy, including the city of
Naples.[4][5][6] It is not named after the city but rather the
Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area
and of which Naples was the capital. On October 14,
2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that
Neapolitan was to be protected.[7]
Neapolitan has had a significant influence on the
intonation of Rioplatense Spanish, of the Buenos Aires
region of Argentina, and the whole of Uruguay.[8]
Neapolitan
Napulitano
Native to
Italy
Region
Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria,

Campania, Lazio, Marche, Molise.
Native
speakers
5.7 million (2002)[1]
Language Indo-European
family
Italic
Romance
Italo-Dalmatian
Neapolitan
Contents
Language codes
ISO 639-2 nap
1 Distribution
2 Classification
3 Alphabet and pronunciation
3.1 Vowels
3.2 Consonants
3.3 Digraphs and trigraphs
4 Grammar
4.1 Definite articles
4.2 Indefinite articles
4.3 Verbal conjugation
4.4 Doubled initial consonants
4.4.1 Words that trigger doubling
5 See also
6 References
7 Additional sources
8 External links
ISO 639-3 nap

Glottolog
neap1235 (http://glottolog.org
/resource/languoid/id/neap1235)
(Neapolitan)[2]
sout3126 (http://glottolog.org
/resource/languoid/id/sout3126)
(South Lucanian = Vd Lausberg)[3]
Distribution
The Neapolitan dialects are distributed throughout most of
Neapolitan dialects
continental southern Italy, historically united during the
Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies,
specifically southern Lazio (Gaeta and Sora districts), southern Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Basilicata,
Campania (Naples), northern and central Apulia, and northernmost Calabria. The dialects are part of a varied
dialect continuum, so the varieties in southern Lazio, Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Apulia, Lucania and
Calabria can typically be recognizable as regional groups of dialects. In western Abruzzo and Lazio the
dialects give way to Central Italian dialects such as Romanesco. In central Calabria and southern Apulia, the
dialects give way to the Sicilian language. Largely due to massive southern Italian migration in the 20th
century, there are also numbers of speakers in Italian diaspora communities in the United States, Canada,
Australia, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. However, in the United States traditional Neapolitan has had
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considerable contact with English, and is significantly different from contemporary Neapolitan spoken in
Naples. English words are often used in place of Neapolitan words, especially among second-generation
speakers.
The following dialects constitute Neapolitan; numbers refer to the map: [9]
I. Abruzzese and Southern Marchigiano:
Ia. Southern Marchigiano (Ascoli Piceno).
Ib. Teramano (province of Teramo; northern province of Pescara: Atri, Abruzzo).
Ic. Abruzzese Eastern Adriatico (Southern province of Pescara: Penne, Francavilla al Mare;
province of Chieti).
Id. Western Abruzzese (southern part of province of L'Aquila: Pescina, Sulmona, Pescasseroli,
Roccaraso).
II. Molisan (Molise)
III. Apulian (Pugliese):
IIIa. Dauno (western province of Foggia: Foggia, Bovino).
IIIb. Garganico (eastern province of Foggia: Gargano).
IIIc. Barese (province of Bari; western province of Taranto, and part of the western province of
Brindisi).
IV. Campanian (Campania),
IVa. Southern Laziale (southern part of province of Frosinone: Sora, Lazio, Cassino; southern
part of Province of Latina: Gaeta, Formia).
IVb. Naples dialect (Neapolitan proper: Naples and the Gulf of Naples).
IVc. Irpino (province of Avellino).
IVd. Cilentano (southern part of province of Salerno: Vallo della Lucania). Is often considered
part of the Sicilian language group.
V. Lucanian and Northern Calabrian:
Va. Northwestern Lucanian (northern province of Potenza: Potenza, Melfi).
Vb. Northeastern Lucanian (province of Matera: Matera).
Vc. Central Lucanian (province of Potenza: Lagonegro, Pisticci, Laurenzana).
Vd. Southern Lucanian. The "Lausberg Area"; archaic forms of Lucanian with Sardinian
vocalism (described in Lausberg 1939). It lies between Calabria and Basilicata (Chiaromonte,
Oriolo).
Ve. Cosentino (province of Cosenza: Rossano, Diamante, Castrovillari). With transitional
dialects to south of Cosenza, where they give way to Sicilian group dialects.
The southernmost regions of Italymost of Calabria and southern Apulia, as well as Sicilyare home to
Sicilian rather than Neapolitan.
Classification
Neapolitan is generally considered Italo-Dalmatian. There are notable differences among the various
dialects, but they are all generally mutually intelligible. The Italian language and Neapolitan are of variable
mutual comprehensibility, depending on factors both affective and linguistic. There are notable grammatical
differences such as nouns in the neuter form and unique plural formation, and historical phonological
developments that often obscure the cognacy of lexical items. Its evolution has been similar to that of Italian
and other Romance languages from their roots in Vulgar Latin. It may reflect a pre-Latin Oscan influence in
the pronunciation of the d sound as an r sound (rhotacism), but only when "d" is at the beginning of a word,
or between two vowels (e.g.- "doje" or "duje" (two, respectively feminine and masculine form), pronounced,
and often spelled, as "roje"/"ruje", ved (to see), pronounced as "ver", and often spelled so, same for
cad/car (to fall), and Madonna/Maronna). Another purported Oscan influence is historical assimilation of
the consonant cluster /nd/ as /nn/, pronounced [n] (this generally is reflected in spelling more consistently)
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(e.g. "munno" ('world', compare to Italian "mondo"), "quanno"

('when', compare to Italian "quando"), etc.), along with the
development of /mb/ as /mm/ (e.g.- tammuro (drum), cfr. Italian
tamburo), also consistently reflected in spelling. Other effects of the
Oscan substratum are postulated too, although substratum claims are
highly controversial. In addition, the language was also affected by
the Greek language. There have never been any successful attempts
to standardize the language (e.g. consulting three different
dictionaries, one finds three different spellings for the word for tree,
arbero, arvero and varo).
Neapolitan has enjoyed a rich literary, musical and theatrical history
(notably Giambattista Basile, Eduardo De Filippo, Salvatore di
Giacomo and Tot). Thanks to this heritage and the musical work of
Renato Carosone in the 1950s, Neapolitan is still in use in popular
music, even gaining national popularity in the songs of Pino Daniele
and the Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare.
Giambattista Basile (15661632),

author of a collection of fairy tales in
Neapolitan that includes the earliest
known versions of Rapunzel and
Cinderella
The language has no official status within Italy and is not taught in
schools. The Universit Federico II in Naples offers (from 2003)
courses in Campanian Dialectology at the faculty of Sociology,
whose actual aim is not teaching students to speak the language, but
studying its history, usage, literature and social role. There are also
ongoing legislative attempts at the national level to have it recognized as an official minority language of
Italy. It is however a recognized ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee language with the language code of nap.
For comparison, The Lord's Prayer (here as in the Catholic catechism) is reproduced in the Neapolitan
spoken in Naples and in a northern Calabrian dialect, in contrast with a variety of southern Calabrian (part of
Sicilian language), Italian and Latin.
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English
Neapolitan
(Naples)
Neapolitan
(Northern
Calabrian)
Sicilian
(Southern
Calabrian)
Sicilian
(Sicily)
Italian
Our Father
who art in
heaven,
Patre nuorru
Pate nuoste ca
chi sta ntru
staje 'ncielo,
cielu,
Patri nostru
chi' si nt'o
celu,
Patri nostru, Padre

ca inta lu celu Nostro, che
siti
sei nei cieli,
hallowed be
thy name
santificammo
'o nomme
tuojo
m'esti
santificatu u
nomi toi,
mu
santificatu
esti lu nomu
vostru:
chi sia
santificatu u
nume tue,
Latin
Pater noster,
qui es in caelis
sia
sanctificetur
santificato il
nomen tuum:
tuo nome.
Thy kingdom faje ven 'o

come,
regno tuojo,
venissi u regnu Mu veni u

tue,
rregnu toi,
Mu veni lu
Venga il tuo
regnu vostru. regno,
Adveniat
regnum tuum.
Thy will be
done,
se facissi a
vulunt tua,
Mu si faci la
vuluntati
vostra
Fiat voluntas
tua
sempe c' 'a

vulunt toja,
si facissi a
volunt
sia fatta la
tua volont,
sia ntru cielu

on earth as it accuss 'ncielo
ca supra a
is in heaven. e 'nterra.
terra.
comu esti
com'esti nt'o inta lu celu,
celu, u stessa accuss
sup'a terra.
incapu la
terra
come in
sicut in caelo
cielo, cos in
et in terra
terra.
Give us this Fance av 'o

day our daily ppane tutt' 'e
bread
juorne
Ranne oje u
pane nuorru e
tutti i jurni,
Dnandi ped
oji u pani
nostru e tutti i
jorna
Panem
Dacci oggi il nostrum
nostro pane quotidianum
quotidiano, da nobis
hodie.
and forgive
us our
trespasses
e perdunane i
rebiti nuorri,
E pirduntini e rimetti a
e' perdnandi
li nostri
noi i nostri
i debiti,
dbbiti,
debiti,
Et dimitte
nobis debita
nostra,
as we forgive
comme nuje 'e
those who
llevamme a
trespass
ll'ate,
against us,
cumu nue i
perdunammu a
li rebituri
nuorri.
comu n nc'i
perdunamu
ad i debituri
nostri.
comu nuautri
li pirdunamu
a li nostri
dibbitura.
sicut et nos
dimittimus
debitoribus
nostris.
and lead us
not into
temptation,
E un ne
mannare ntra
tentazione,
Non nci
dassari nt'a
tentazioni,
E nun
E non ci
lasstini
indurre in
cascari inta la
tentazione,
tintazziuni;
Et ne nos
inducas in
tentationem;
e llievace 'o
but deliver us
mmale 'a
from evil.
tuorno.
ma liberane e
ru male.
ma liberandi
d'o mali.
ma scanztini ma liberaci
di lu mali.
dal male.
sed libera nos

a malo.
Amen.
Ammn.
Ammn.
Ammn.
Amen.
livace 'e
dibbete
nun 'nce fa
spantec,
Ammn.
Duntini
ogghi lu
nostru
panuzzu.
come noi li
rimettiamo ai
nostri
debitori.
Amen.
Alphabet and pronunciation

The Neapolitan alphabet, like the Italian alphabet, is almost the same as the English alphabet except that it
consists of only 22 letters. It does not contain k, w, x, or y even though these letters might be found in some
foreign words. The English pronunciation guidelines that follow are based on General American
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pronunciation and the values used may not be applicable to other dialects. (See also: International Phonetic
Alphabet chart for English dialects.)
All Romance languages are closely related. Although Neapolitan shares a high degree of its vocabulary with
Italian, the official language of Italy, differences in pronunciation often make the connection unrecognizable
to those without knowledge of Neapolitan. The most striking phonological difference is the Neapolitan
weakening of unstressed vowels into schwa (schwa is pronounced like the a in about or the u in upon).
However it is also possible (and quite common for some Neapolitans) to speak standard Italian with a
"Neapolitan accent"; that is, by pronouncing un-stressed vowels as schwa but by otherwise using only
entirely standard words and grammatical forms. This is not Neapolitan proper, but a mere difference in
Italian pronunciation.
Therefore, while pronunciation presents the strongest barrier to comprehension, the grammar of Neapolitan
is what sets it apart from Italian. In Neapolitan, for example, the gender and number of a word is expressed
by a change in the accented vowel, whereas in Italian it is expressed by a change in the final vowel (e.g.
luongo, longa; Italian lungo, lunga; masc. "long", fem. "long"). These and other morpho-syntactic
differences distinguish the Neapolitan language from the Italian language and the Neapolitan accent.
Vowels
While there are only five graphic vowels in Neapolitan, phonemically, there are seven. The vowels e and o
can be either "closed" or "open" and the pronunciation is different for the two. The grave accent (, , ) is
used to denote open vowels, and the acute accent (, , , ) is used to denote closed vowels. However, accent
marks are not used in the actual spelling of words except when they occur on the final syllable of a word,
such as Tot, arriv, or pecch and when they appear here in other positions it is only to demonstrate where
the stress, or accent, falls in some words.
Letter IPA
Pronunciation guide
/a/
[]
a is always open and is pronounced like the a in father

when it is the final, unstressed vowel, its pronunciation is indistinct and approaches the sound
of the schwa
//
/e/
[]
stressed, open e is pronounced like the e in bet

stressed, closed e is pronounced like the a in fame except that it does not die off into ee
unstressed e is pronounced as a schwa
/i/
i is always closed and is pronounced like the ee in meet
//
/o/
[]
stressed, open o is pronounced like the o in often

stressed, closed o is pronounced like the o in closed except that it does not die off into oo
unstressed o is pronounced as a schwa
/u/
u is always closed and is pronounced like the oo in boot
Consonants
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Letter
IPA
Pronunciation guide
/b/
pronounced the same as in English
when followed by e or i the pronunciation is somewhere between the sh in share and the ch
/ ~ t/,
in chore
/k/
otherwise it is like the k in skip (not like the c in call, which is aspirated)
/d/
dental version of the English d
/f/
/d/,
//
when followed by e or i the pronunciation is like the g of germane, always geminated

when preceded by another vowel
otherwise it is like the g in gum
h is always silent and is only used to differentiate words pronounced the same and
otherwise spelled alike (e.g. a, ha; anno, hanno)
and after g or c to preserve the hard sound when e or i follows (e.g. ce, che; gi, ghi)
h
j
/j/
referred to as a semi-consonant, is pronounced like English y as in yet
/l/
/m/
/n/
/p/
pronounced the same as the p in English spill (not as the p in pill, which is aspirated)
always followed by u and pronounced the same as in English
/ ~ r/
when between two vowels it is sounds very much like the American tt in butter but in
reality it is a single tic of a trilled r
when at the beginning of a word or when preceded by or followed by another consonant, it
is trilled
/s/,
/z/
pronounced the same as in English and just as in English it is sometimes voiced and
sometimes unvoiced
/ ~
/[10]
pronounced sh when followed by a voiceless consonant (except /t/) and zh when followed
by a voiced consonant (except /n d r l/)
/t/
dental version of the English t as in state (not as the t in tool, which is aspirated)
/v/
/ks/
pronounced as if it was "k-s", with a pause between the letters
/dz/,
/ts/
voiced z is pronounced like the ds in suds

unvoiced z is pronounced like the ts in jetsam
Digraphs and trigraphs

The following clusters are always geminated vowel-internally.
Letter IPA
Pronunciation Guide
gn
//
palatal version of the ni in the English onion
gl(i)
/ ~
/
palatal version of the lli in the English million, most commonly realized like a strong version
of y in the English yes.
sc
//
when followed by e or i it is pronounced as the sh in the English ship
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Grammar
Definite articles
The Neapolitan definite articles (corresponding to the English word "the") are La (feminine singular), Lo
(masculine singular) and Li (plural for both), but in reality these forms will probably only be found in older
literature (along with Lu and even El), of which there is much to be found. Modern Neapolitan uses, almost
entirely, shortened forms of these articles which are:
Before a word beginning with a consonant:
Singular Plural
Masculine o
Feminine a
Neuter
These definite articles are always pronounced distinctly.

Before a word beginning with a vowel:
l or ll for both masculine and feminine; for both singular and plural.
Although both forms can be found, the ll form is by far the most common.
It is well to note that in Neapolitan the gender of a noun is not easily determined by the article, so other
means must be used. In the case of o which can be either masculine singular or neuter singular (there is no
neuter plural in Neapolitan), when it is neuter the initial consonant of the noun is doubled. As an example,
the name of a language in Neapolitan is always neuter, so if we see o nnapulitano we know it refers to the
Neapolitan language, whereas o napulitano would refer to a Neapolitan man.
Likewise, since e can be either masculine plural or feminine plural, when it is feminine plural, the initial
consonant of the noun is doubled. As an example, let's consider a lista which in Neapolitan is feminine
singular for "list." In the plural it becomes e lliste.
There can also be problems with nouns whose singular form ends in e. Since plural nouns usually end in e
whether masculine or feminine, the masculine plural is often formed by orthographically changing the
spelling. As an example, let's consider the word guaglione (which means "boy", or "girl" in the feminine
form):
Singular
Plural
Masculine o guaglione e guagliune

Feminine a guagliona e gguaglione
More will be said about these orthographically changing nouns in the section on Neapolitan nouns.
A couple of notes about consonant doubling:
Doubling is a function of the article (and certain other words), and these same words may be seen in
other contexts without the consonant doubled. More will be said about this in the section on consonant
doubling.
Doubling only occurs when the consonant is followed by a vowel. If it is followed by another
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consonant, such as in the word spagnuolo (Spanish), no doubling occurs.
Indefinite articles
The Neapolitan indefinite articles, corresponding to the English "a" or "an", are presented in the following
table:
Masculine Feminine
Before words beginning with a consonant nu
Before words beginning with a vowel
na
Verbal conjugation
In Neapolitan there are four finite modes: indicative, subjunctive, conditional and imperative, and three
non-finite modes: infinitive, gerund and participle. Each mode has an active and a passive form. The only
auxiliary verbs used in the active form is "Av" (en. "to have", it. "avere"), which contrasts with Italian in
which the intransitive verbs take "essere" for their auxiliary. For example, we have:
na.
Aggio stato a Nnapule AUX-HAVE-1st-SING-PRES "be"-PART-PAST "in"-PREP "Naples"-NOUN

ajere
"yesterday"-ADVERB
it.
Sono stato a Napoli

ieri
en.
I was in Naples
yesterday
AUX-BE-1st-SING-PRES "be"-PART-PAST "in"-PREP "Naples"-NOUN

"yesterday"-ADVERB
Doubled initial consonants

In Neapolitan, many times the initial consonant of a word is doubled. This is apparent both in written as well
as spoken Neapolitan.
All feminine plural nouns, when preceded by the feminine plural definite article, e, or by any
feminine plural adjective, have their initial consonant doubled.
All neuter singular nouns, when preceded by the neuter singular definite article, o, or by a neuter
singular adjective, have their initial consonant doubled.
In addition, other words also trigger this doubling. Below is a list of words that trigger the doubling of
the initial consonant of the word that follows.
However, when there is a pause after the "trigger" word, the doubling does not occur (e.g. Tu s gguaglione,
[You are a boy] where s is a "trigger" word causing doubling of the initial consonant in guaglione but in the
phrase De do s, guagli? [Where are you from, boy?] no doubling occurs). Neither does doubling occur
when the initial consonant is followed by another consonant (e.g. o ttaliano [the Italian language], but o
spagnuolo [the Spanish language], where o is the neuter definite article).
Words that trigger doubling
The conjunctions e and n but not o (e.g. pane e ccaso; n ppane n ccaso; but pane o caso)
The prepositions a, pe, cu (e.g. a mme; pe tte; cu vvuje)
The negation nu, short for nun/nunn (e.g. nu ddicere niente)
The indefinites ogne, cocche (e.g. ogne ccasa; cocche ccosa)
Interrogative che and relative che but not ca (e.g. Che ppiensa? Che ffemmena! Che ccapa!)
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accuss (e.g. accuss ttuosto)

From the verb "essere," so; s; but not songo (e.g. je so ppazzo; tu s ffesso; chillo ccafone; chilli
so ccafune but chilli songo cafune)
cchi (e.g. cchi ppoco)
The number tre (e.g. tre ssegge)
The neuter definite article o (e.g. o ppane, but nu poco e pane)
The neuter pronoun o (e.g. o ttiene o ppane?)
Demonstrative adjectives chistu and chillu which refer to neuter nouns in indefinite quantities (e.g.
chistu ffierro; chillu ppane ) but not in definite quantities (e.g. Chistu fierro; chillu pane)
The feminine plural definite article e (e.g. e ssegge; e gguaglione)
The plural feminine pronoun e (e gguaglione e cchiamme tu?)
The plural masculine pronoun e preceding a verb, but not a noun (e guagliune e cchiamme tu?)
The locative lloco (e.g. lloco ssotto)
From the verb st: sto (e.g. sto pparlanno)
From the verb put: pu; p (e.g. ; isso p ssap)
Special case Spiritu Ssanto
See also
Languages of Italy
Sicilian language
Calabrian languages
References
1. Neapolitan (http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/nap) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarstrm, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Neapolitan". Glottolog
2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Hammarstrm, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "South Lucanian".
Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
4. Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R. Greenwood Publishing Group.
ISBN 978-0-313-32111-5., page 1348
5. J.-P. Cavaill; Le napolitain : une langue majoritaire minore. 09 mars 2007. (http://taban.canalblog.com/archives
/2007/03/09/4262440.html)
6. The Guardian for the list of languages in the Unesco site. (https://www.google.com/fusiontables
/DataSource?docid=1GAkxun5pU_HJOyuh6oBbvI535IoORBVEsOB8Vzw#rows:id=1)
7. "Tutela del dialetto, primo via libera al Ddl campano" (http://www.denaro.it/VisArticolo.aspx?IdArt=548026)
("Bill to protect dialect green lighted") from Il Denaro, economic journal of South Italy, 15 October 2008 Re
Franceschiello. L'ultimo sovrano delle Due Sicilie
8. Colantoni, Laura, and Jorge Gurlekian. "Convergence and intonation: historical evidence from Buenos Aires
Spanish" (http://journals.cambridge.org/action
/displayAbstract;jsessionid=43F6CF4CEB6223AA2ED40C7926999F70.tomcat1?fromPage=online&
aid=236145), Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 02, August 2004, pp. 107119, Cambridge
Journals Online
9. Carta dei Dialetti d'Italia (http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/mappe/flash/regionalok.htm) (Mapping
of dialects of Italy) by Giovan Battista Pellegrini, 1977 (in Italian)
10. Canepari, Luciano (2005), Italia (PDF), Manuale di fonetica, Lincom Europa, pp. 282283, ISBN 3-89586-456-0
(in Italian)
Additional sources
Iandolo, Carlo. A lengua e Pulecenella, Di Mauro Franco, Italy; 1 Oct 2001; ISBN 978-8885263710
(in Italian)
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De Blasi, Nicola and Luigi Imperatore. Il napoletano parlato e scritto. Con note di grammatica storica
; Dante & Descartes, Italy; 2nd edition, 1 July 2001; ISBN 978-8888142050 (in Italian)
External links
Neapolitan recognized by UNESCO (in Italian)
Neapolitan edition of
(http://www.napoli.com/viewarticolo.php?articolo=34942)
Wikipedia, the free
Websters Online Dictionary NeapolitanEnglish
encyclopedia
(http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation
/Neapolitan/)
Interactive Map of languages in Italy (http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/mappe/mappe
/f_dialetti.htm)
Neapolitan on-line radio station (http://www.sorrentoradio.com/)
Neapolitan glossary on Wiktionary
Italian-Neapolitan searchable online dictionary (http://www.lastoriadinapoli.it/vocab.asp)
Neapolitan basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database (http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin
/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\ier\rom&first=0)
Grammar primer and extensive vocabulary for the Neapolitan dialect of Torre del Greco
(http://www.torreomnia.com/Testi/argenziano/dizionario/presentazione.htm)
Neapolitan language and culture (in Italian) (http://www.napoletanita.it/)
Prosodic detail in Neapolitan Italian. By Francesco Cangemi. Berlin: Language Science Press. 187pp.
Free download (http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/16)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neapolitan_language&oldid=744450582"
Categories: Neapolitan language Italo-Dalmatian languages Languages of Campania
Languages of Calabria Languages of Molise Languages of Apulia Languages of le Marche
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Neapolitan Language - Wikipedia

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Neapolitan Language - Wikipedia

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Neapolitan language - Wikipedia

Neapolitan (autonym: (o n)napulitano [(o

Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria,

5.7 million (2002)[1]

ISO 639-3 nap

(South Lucanian = Vd Lausberg)[3]