Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:Prof.SAMEER JAIN
(B.E, M.Tech(Gold Medalist),PGDITM,PGDIPRM,PMI,RHCE,CCNA,NIIT)
What is an Information
System?
A set of interrelated components
Collect, Process, Store, and Distribute
information
to support
decision making and control
in an organization
Data
picture
Represents something in the real world
The raw materials in the production of information
Information
INPUT
PROCESS
FEEDBACK
OUTPUT
Collecting,
storing,
disseminating, using data
processing,
HOW
ARE
INFORMATION
TRANSFORMING BUSINESS?
SYSTEMS
New .com and .net registrations totaled 8.0 million during the
fourth quarter of 2012.
Business objectives
Sense and respond to changing customer demand
Reduce inventories
Achieve higher levels of operational efficiency
Social networking tools to connect to employees, customers
and managers worldwide
Faced paced supply chains with Just-in-time inventory
PWC Report
Introduction
The first computers were as large as a room and used light -bulb sized vacuum tubes for much of their circuitry
Vacuum tubes were later replaced with transistors and chips made
using silicon wafer technology
This change resulted in a dramatic and long- term lowering of costs
of manufacturing leading to the high growth in the demand for
computers
Moore's Law
Moores Law
Computer Hardware
The processor manages the input and output devices, data storage
devices, and operations on the data
The central processing unit (CPU) controls all the other components
Two types of memory are:
Random access memory (RAM) acts as the temporary workspace for
the CPU
Permanent data storage devices such as CD-ROM, floppy and hard
disk drives
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATIONS
ARCHITECTURE
Typical MIS modules are report-writing software, and models that can
simulate firm operations
Information from the MIS is then used by organizational problem solvers as
an aid in decision-making, as illustrated in Figure 1.9
Firms can also interact with suppliers or others to form inter organizational
information systems (IOS), in which the MIS supplies information to the
other members of the IOS as well as the firm's users
Management Information
Systems
Outputs of a
Management Information System
Differences in System
Characteristics
IT Investment Equation
Examples of IT Investment
Equation
Type of
Investment
Budgeting
system
EDI/JIT System
Estimate of Return
Probability Based on
Type of Project
Estimate of
Probability of
Successful
Conversion
Overall
Probability of
a Return: the
SR Index
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.95
0.75
0.71
Infrastructure
Network
Package
Tracking System
Groupware
0.5
0.7
0.35
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.9
0.8
0.72
0.9
0.7
0.63
1.0
Web Home
Pages
Retrieve information
Digitize information
Validate information
Information Systems
ORGANIZATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT
Computer
literacy:
Knowledge
about
information technology, focusing on understanding
how computer-based technologies
work
Slides Use for Educational
Purpose only
Manufacturing
Finance
Accounting
Human resources
Organizations
Key Elements:
People: Managers, knowledge workers, data
workers,
production
or
service
workers.
Organizations
Management
Levels of Management :
Senior managers: Make long-range strategic
decisions about products and services.
INTRANET: CONCEPTS
Intranet is the common term used for a collection of private computer networks
within an organization.
In a simple way facilitate communication between people or work groups to improve
the data sharing capability and overall knowledge base of an organization's employees.
An intranet can be understood as a logical private extension of the internet confined to
an organization. An intranet is capable of hosting multiple private websites for the
different purposes and constitutes an important component and focal point of internal
communication and collaboration.
Intranets along with the collaborations are supposed to be housing sensitive business
data and this must be protected from unauthorized external access by means of a
different technologies to secured the entire network and the documents.
A web portal is an internet site that gets the information from different sources and
brings it on to the users page.
Intranet is also recognized as a portal of related or relevant information and usually,
employees are expected to get the relevant information on the in-house activities of the
organization.
Extranets are exactly opposite of intranets. Intranets are restricted to employees of the
organization, extranets are to be accessed by customers, suppliers or other approved
parties.
Extranets also needs to be protected with proper authentication, authorization and
accounting.
Slides Use for Educational
Purpose only
Business Processes
SN
Example
ICICI Bank (Banking)
BPOs (Service) like e-Clerk, 3iInfotech
LIC, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance
2 Discrete manufacturing
3 Public services
Business Process
Business processes are designed for the enterprises to work efficiently and hence add
value to the stakeholders deliverable (stakeholder could be vendor, business partner,
employees, customers, bankers, shareholders, etc.).
Activities or steps of business processes are sequentially linked but may have an
alternate path depending on certain conditions.
Characteristics
Process Example
1.
Boundaries: Process has defined boundaries. Placing the purchase order is an Input and final
That means it has definite input and output.
output is arrival of the stock.
2.
Sequencing: Process steps have proper ordering Goods are expected to arrive only after raising
or sequencing and each step is measured in the purchase order.
terms of time.
3.
Beneficial: Stakeholder must see benefits in Supplier is also a stakeholder and gets
having the proper business process.
benefitted to the extent of receiving proper
document from the mall about the requirement.
4.
Cross functional: Process is at times cross At the end of stock purchase process, customer
functional. This means process interacts with pays the bill. Billing process is a part of
other processes of the organization.
accounting function/process.
1.
2.
Horizontal processes: These are cross functional and cut across all the
horizontal processes and must support operations. For example, Finance &
Accounting function, HR are horizontal processes.
3.
4.
Analysis
Activity
Approval
4
Yes
Approve? (1)
Executive
council
No
3
Yes
Approve?
Board
No
5
Provide guidance
and support
CEO
Communicate
approved financing
plan to ADGS
management
2
Executive
management
committee
Planning,
performance
and Control
division
Results of
budgeting
process
Internal
support
division
treasury
Assess financing
needs based on
projected profit
and loss account
Provide support
Process flow
Other entities
Transportation sector needs good roads and highways to move the raw material /
finished goods. Infrastructure industry is equipment, manpower and material intensive.
Examples are:
SN
Infrastructure Type
Examples
Transportation
Marine
Energy
4
Water management
5
Communications
Drainage
Sewage and disposal
Drinking water supply
Internet
Television, mobile, radio
Undersea cables
Communication satellites
Construction Industry
Challenges faced
1.
Project estimation: Considering the completion involved and the margins are
becoming thin day by day accurate estimation plays an important role to win the job.
2.
Risk management: Identifying the risk sources and mitigating them is extremely
important in construction projects.
3.
4.
Control project costs against budget: Cost is directly proportional to the time. If
project gets extended it has direct impact on the cost.
5.
Comply with (health, safety and environment) HSE regulations: considering the
social aspect, construction industry must follow certain norms with respect to health,
safety and environment.
Jobs
procurement
Design and
engineering
Client
relationship
management
Project
execution
Information technology
Quality assurance
Contracts management
Administration
Strategic
Operational
Support
Operational Processes
Sub Process
Mobilization
Tasks
Start with Project kick off announcing the value,location,national
importance of the project and key resources(Project Manager,
deputy manager, etc) going to be deployed.
Make the list of resource requirement and try to release the same
from the other project sites.
Establish office, stores, workshop, locations.
Establish labour camp, staff colony, guest houses,
telecommunication facilities, IT infrastructure etc.
Make sure HSE rules and facilities are established.
Sub Process
Tasks
Execution
Progress recording
Claims/ Contract
management
Revenue recognition
De-mobilization
Key Learning
Sub Process
Tasks
Progress update and Hold meetings regularly with the customer to update the physical
customer feedback
progress of the project
Discuss with other members customer feedback and incorporate
Organizational
changes
Regular meetings
Meet customer or touch base with customer even after the project
is over
Record the meeting details for the future reference
Record any changes happen in the organization for the future
contact
The application model identifies six primary factors first of all. Then,
each of these primary factors is further divided into sub-factors that
correspond to the detailed features of the relevant primary factor.
Finally, the model is broken down into different sub-models, each of
which presents the specific relationships between two primary factors.
The top-level model, shown in Fig. Consists of six primary factors,
three independent factors and three dependent factors. The three
dependent factors, mobile computer, wireless network and
mobile application, are the fundamental components of the concept
of mobile computing. The three independent factors, user,
construction information and construction site, are elements that
determine the use of mobile computing in a particular context.
Conclusion
Case Study
THANK YOU
Contact : sameerjain@nicmar.ac.in