GN 42-002 - Piping Joint Handbook - January 2007

Piping Joints Handbook
UKCS-TI-032
Contents
Authorisation for Issue

Amendment Record
Amendment Summary
Distribution List
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Section 1
Technical Data Company and

National Standards
Section 2
Flanges
Section 3
Gaskets
Section 4
Clamp Connectors and Compact

Flanged Joints
Section 5
Bolting for Flanges and Covers
Section 6
Procedures
Section 7
Spading and Blanking of Flanges
Section 8
Screwed Piping Joints
Section 9
Compression Fittings
Section 10
Elastomeric O-ring Seals
Addendum 1
Miscellaneous Technical Data
Addendum 2
Dimensional Data
Addendum 3
Torque Tables
Addendum 4
Terms of Reference and Audit Protocol
January 2007 Issue 2
i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
Authorisation for Issue
Technical Authority
Name:
Stuart Brooks
Signature:
________________________________________________
Date:
________________________________________________
iii/iv
UKCS-TI-032
Amendment Record
Amendment
Number
Incorporated By
Name
Signature
Date
For Audit Use

Checked
Signature
Date
AMOSAF.171
v/vi
UKCS-TI-032
Amendment Summary
Issue No
Date
Description
Issue 1
September 2005
First issue (document moved from SOP Bookshelf

as UKCS-SOP-022 to appear in TI Bookshelf under
new unique number).
Issue 2
January 2007
Technical Authority changed from Chris Durden to

Stuart Brooks.
General update including re-organisation of some
sections, consolidation of procedures in Informate
and addition of torque tables.
vii/viii
UKCS-TI-032
Distribution List
Holders of Controlled Hard Copy

Copy
Copyholder
Location
01
Data Control Centre (DCC)
ODL, Aberdeen
Virtual Copyholders
Copy
Copyholder
01
Document Technical Authority
02
G ABZ SMS Notifications
ix/x
UKCS-TI-032
Preface
Purpose
This document has been written as an introduction to and a source of general information on
pipe joints.
The flanged joint appears deceptively simple but in fact the science of flanges and joint sealing is
complex and continuously developing. Sound joints are critical to piping integrity and plant safety.
A pipe joint thus relies on the skill and application of the fitter who puts it together.
Correct selection of materials, application of procedures, correct use of tools combined with the
fitters skill are all required to ensure a joint of maximum integrity.
But mistakes have happened; choosing the wrong gaskets, using the wrong studbolts.
Such mistakes cannot be ignored.
The purpose of this document is therefore to increase understanding about pipe joints; from
pipe specifications and how to use them, to studbolts and how to identify them. With increased
awareness and knowledge, it is expected that mistakes will be prevented.
This document should be read in conjunction with Hydrocarbon Release Reduction
(UKCS-SOP-012) which defines the requirements for tightening methods, training and
competence, certification, bolt load calculation, equipment care and leak testing etc.
Review and Update

This document will be subject to 12-monthly review and update, when document holders will
have the opportunity to express opinions and suggest improvements.
However, the document control system allows for continuous update of this document.
As such, any user may at any time identify an error or suggest an improvement using an
Amendment Proposal proforma which is available electronically on the UK Upstream SMS
website, from the Data Control Centre (DCC) Supervisor or from the Technical Authority.
All holders of this document are registered so that they can be sent updates and be kept
informed of changes or reviews.
xi
UKCS-TI-032
Responsibility of Copyholders
It is the responsibility of the registered copyholder of controlled hard copy versions to
maintain the accuracy of the document by ensuring that all updates are promptly incorporated
and acknowledged.
Furthermore, the registered copyholder of controlled hard copy versions must at all times
maintain custody of this document unless prior approval is given by the relevant
Technical Authority.
The roles and responsibilities of copyholders and virtual copyholders are detailed in Section 1
of the Document Control Procedure (UKCS-DCM-001).
xii
UKCS-TI-032
List of Abbreviations
ANSI
API
ASME
American National Standards Institute

American Petroleum Institute
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BS
BSP
British Standard
British Standard Pipe
CAF
Compressed Asbestos Fibre
DPI
Dye Penetrant Inspection
EEMUA
Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association
FF
Flat Face
HF
Hydrofluoric
ID
IRHD
Inside Diameter
International Rubber Hardness Degrees
MPI
Magnetic Particle Inspection
NAF
NB
NPS
NPT
Non-asbestos Fibre
Nominal Bore
Nominal Pipe Size
(American) National Pipe Thread
OD
Outside Diameter
P&ID
PCD
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

Pitch Circle Diameter
RF
RTJ
Raised Face
Ring Type Joint
SO
SW
SW
Slip-on
Socket Weld
Spiral Wound
TPI
Threads Per Inch
UKOOA
UNC
UV
United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association

Unified Coarse
Ultra Violet
WN
WW
Weld Neck
Wire Wound
xiii/xiv
UKCS-TI-032
Section 1
Technical Data
Company and National Standards
Paragraph
Page
BP UKCS Safety Management System Documents
1-1
BP Engineering Standards
1-1
ASME/API Standards
1-1
British Standards
1-2
BP Intranet Sites
1-2
Piping Specifications
1-2
Example Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
1-4
Figure
1.1
Technical Data Company and National Standards

1-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
BP UKCS Safety Management System Documents

This document should be read in conjunction with Hydrocarbon Release Reduction
(UKCS-SOP-012) which defines the requirements for tightening methods, training and
competence, certification, bolt load calculation, equipment care and leak testing etc.
Other pertinent Safety Management System (SMS) documents include:
Hot and Odd Bolting Procedure (UKCS-SOP-027)
Safe Isolation and Reinstatement of Plant (UKCS-SSW-001)
Guidance on Certification (UKCS-TI-019)
BP Engineering Standards
The following BP Standards are relevant to pipe flanged joints:
GP 42-10
Metallic Piping Systems to ASME B31.3
GP 46-01
New Pressure Vessels (Annex Q)
GIS 36-101
Pressure System Bolting
GS 142-7
Supply of Gaskets and Joint Rings for Bolted Flanged Connections
RP 42-2
Bolting for Flanged Joints (Inch Series)
GS 142-12
Pipe Flanges and Fittings
ASME/API Standards
The following American Standards are used for the standardisation of pipe joints:
ASME B1.1
Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

ASME B16.5
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
MSS SP-44
Steel Pipeline Flanges
ASME B16.9
Factory-made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings
ASME B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded

ASME B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Steel Pipe Flanges
ASME B16.21 Non-metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
API 6A
Specification for Wellhead and Xmas Tree Equipment
ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges (NPS26 through NPS60)

ASME B16.1
Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME VIII
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Division 2) (flange design rules)

1-1
UKCS-TI-032
British Standards
The following British Standards are also used for the standardisation of pipe joints:
BS 1560
Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
BS EN 1759-1
Steel Flanges NPS in to 24in (supersedes BS 1560)
BS EN 1515
Flanges and their Joints Bolting
BS 3381
Spiral Wound Gaskets for Steel Flanges to BS 1560
BS 3293
Carbon Steel Pipe Flanges (over 24in NB) for the Petroleum Industry
BS 3799
Steel Pipe Fittings, Screwed and Socket-welded for the Petroleum Industry
BS 1580
Unified Screw Threads
BS PD 5500
Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels (flange design rules)
BP Intranet Sites
The following BP intranet sites provide further guidance on piping joints:
No Leaks www.northsea.bpweb.com\noleaks
(includes UKOOA Guidelines for the Management of Integrity of Bolted Pipe Joints)
Informate www.northsea.bpweb.com\informate
Piping Specifications
The piping specification is a document prepared during the design phase of any project.
It provides the appropriate selection, specification and material grade of pipe and piping
components for a given service.
For all subsequent maintenance and repair on a section of pipe, the piping specification
remains as the key to correct material selection.
Before commencing any job, reference to the piping specification is essential to
specify and use the correct materials. Check that you are using the latest revision
of the specification.
Do not rely on the theory that what was installed before must be right, as this is
not always the case. If a discrepancy is found, it should be reported.
Note: A piping specification only applies to the defined plant, site or Installation. Bruce,
Magnus and Dimlington Terminal, for example, each have their own piping
specifications and they are NOT interchangeable.

1-2
UKCS-TI-032
To use the piping specification, reference must first be made to the Piping and
Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) (refer to Figure 1.1). Identify the section of pipe in
the P&ID and a line number will be quoted, eg 8"-WF-1007-1A1E, which is interpreted
as follows:
8" (in)
The nominal pipe size of the line
WF
The service code. This refers to the contents of the pipe. In this
instance, WF refers to firewater
1007
The pipeline number which is a unique number allocated to a specific

section or run of pipe during the design stages
1A1E
The piping specification number. This is a short-hand reference into the

piping specification document, and is also unique to that document.
The letter normally refers to the pressure rating of the system
Having determined the piping specification number, turn to the appropriate page in the
piping specification document. There, the correct type of gasket, the correct grade of
studbolts, spectacle blinds, blind flanges, pipe material, pipe wall thickness etc will be
specified for the particular job.

1-3
UKCS-TI-032
UKCSTI032_001.ai
Figure 1.1 Example Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

1-4
UKCS-TI-032
Section 2
Flanges
Paragraph
Page
Flanges
2-1
Flange Standards
2-1
Flange Facings
3.1 Ring Type Joint
3.2 Raised Face
3.3 Flat Face
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-2
Flange Face Re-machining
2-3
Flange Types
5.1 Weld Neck Flange
5.2 Socket Weld Flange
5.3 Slip-on Weld Flange
5.4 Composite Lap Joint Flange
5.5 Swivel Ring Flange
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
Flange Specification and Identification

6.1 Specification
6.2 Identification
2-7
2-7
2-7
Flange Surface Finish and Flange Distortion

7.1 Sheet Jointing
7.2 Spiral Wound Gasketing
7.3 Solid Flat Metal
7.4 Metallic Ring Joint Gaskets
7.5 Machining of Flange Faces
2-7
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
Flanges
2-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
Flanges
There are numerous types of flanges available. The type and material of a flange to be
used is dependent on the service duty of the line. Reference to the piping specification
will provide such information.
It is important to be able to accurately identify flanges as this enables confirmation of
the joint location on a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), confirmation of the
piping specification and thus the identification of the correct materials for the job.
UKCSTI032_002.ai
Flange Standards
For process and utilities pipework, the two commonly used flange standards are
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B16.5 and British Standard (BS) 1560.
A third standard, American Petroleum Institute (API) 6A specifies flanges for wellhead
and xmas tree equipment.
Flanges of different standards are not normally joined. If necessary to do so, engineering
advice must first be sought to ensure the compatibility of the mating flanges.
AS
TM
A1
05
4i
SS
LA
xC
WNRF
1500
UKCSTI032_003.ai
Flanges
2-1
UKCS-TI-032
Flange Facings
There are three types of flange facings commonly found on a plant. The surface finish
of the facings is specified in the Flange Standards. Note that they are refined
and superseded by BP Engineering GS 142-12 Pipe Flanges and Fittings. A section
on surface finish on the different flange facings is in this document extracted from
GS 142-12.
3.1
Ring Type Joint
Typically found on the most severe duties, for example high pressure gas pipework.
Ring type metal gaskets must be used on this type of flange facing.
Ring Type Joints (RTJs) to API 6A Type R, RX, BS 1560 and ASME B16.5 standard
The seal is made by metal-to-metal contact between the gasket and the flange
groove. The faces of the two opposing flanges do not come into contact and a gap is
maintained by the presence of the gasket. Such RTJ flanges will normally have raised
faces but flat faces may equally be used or specified.
RTJs to API 6A Type BX standard
API 6A Type BX flanges seal by the combined effect of gasket compression and
flange face-to-face contact, and will therefore always have raised faces. The flanges
also use special metal ring joints.
3.2
Raised Face
Sealing on a Raised Face (RF) flange is by a flat non-metallic gasket (or a flat metallic
gasket for special applications) which fits within the bolts of the flange. The facing on a
RF flange has a concentric or phonographic groove with a controlled surface finish. If the
grooves are too deep (or a rough surface finish), then high compression is required to
flow the relatively soft gasket material into the grooves. If the grooves are too shallow
(exceptionally smooth surface finish), over-compression of the gasket can result. It is
important to always check the flange surface finish for imperfections which would make
sealing difficult. A radial groove, for example, is virtually impossible to seal against. Note
that the surface finish on the flange facing depends on the type of gasket being used.
3.3
Flat Face
Sealing is by compression of a flat non-metallic gasket (very rarely a flat metallic gasket)
between the phonographic/concentric grooved surfaces of the mating Flat Face (FF)
flanges. The gasket fits over the entire face of the flange.
Flanges
2-2
UKCS-TI-032
FF flanges are normally used on the least arduous of duties such as low pressure water
drains and, in particular when using cast iron, cunifer or bronze alloy, where the large
gasket contact area spreads the flange loading and reduces flange bending.
Note: Both ASME B16.5 and BS 1560 specify FF flanges and RF flanges as well as RTJ
flanges. API 6A is specific to RTJ flanges only.

Flange face re-machining may be carried out in order to repair the sealing face of a flange
which has corroded, deteriorated or otherwise been damaged.
Flange face re-machining must be carried out by experienced personnel using the
appropriate equipment. A procedure for the process should be in place and must
be followed.
The extent of any re-machining must be such that the flange dimensions still remain
within the tolerance specified in the flange manufacturing standard, ASME B16, API 6A,
BS 1560, etc. Incorrect re-machining which reduces the flange dimensions to below the
minimum specified dimensions will result in possible leakage.
UKCSTI032_004.ai
Flanges
2-3
UKCS-TI-032
Flange Types
The way in which the flange is attached to the pipe defines the flange type, as given in
the following paragraphs.
5.1
Weld Neck Flange
The Weld Neck (WN) flange is butt-welded to the pipe. WN flanges are typically used on
arduous duties such as high pressures and/or hazardous fluids. The butt weld may be
inspected by radiography or ultrasonics as well as Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)
or Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI) during fabrication. There is therefore a high degree of
confidence in the integrity of the weld. A butt weld also has good fatigue performance
and its presence does not induce high local stresses in the pipework.
5.2
Socket Weld Flange
Socket Weld (SW) flanges are often used on high pressure, hazardous duties but will be
limited to a Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) of 1 1/2in.
The pipe is fillet welded to the hub of the SW flange. Radiography is not practical on the
fillet weld, and correct fit-up and welding is therefore crucial. The fillet weld will normally
be inspected by MPI or DPI.
5.3
Slip-on Weld Flange
Slip-on (SO) weld flanges are typically used on low pressure, low hazard services such as
firewater, cooling water etc. The pipe is double-welded both to the hub and the bore of
the flange and again radiography is not practical. MPI or DPI will be used to check the
integrity of the weld.
Where specified, the SO flange will be used on pipe sizes greater than 1 1/2in with a
preference for the SW flange for sizes up to and including 1 1/2in.
5.4
Composite Lap Joint Flange
The composite lap joint flange comprises of a hub or stub end welded to the pipe and a
backing flange or capped flange which is used to bolt the joint together. This type of
flanged joint is typically found on Cunifer and other high alloy pipework. An alloy hub
with a galvanised steel backing flange is cheaper than a complete alloy flange.
The flange has a raised face and sealing is with a flat gasket such as a Non-asbestos
Fibre (NAF) sheet gasket.
5.5
Swivel Ring Flange
As with the composite lap joint flange, a hub will be butt welded to the pipe. A swivel
ring sits over the hub and allows the joint to be bolted together. Swivel ring flanges are
normally found on subsea services where the swivel ring facilitates flange alignment.
The flange is sealed using an RTJ metal gasket.
Flanges
2-4
UKCS-TI-032
UKCSTI032_005.ai
Raised Face Weld Neck Flange
UKCSTI032_006.ai
Ring Type Joint Flange
UKCSTI032_007.ai
Raised Face Socket Weld Flange
Flanges
2-5
UKCS-TI-032
UKCSTI032_008.ai
Raised Face Slip-on Weld Flange
UKCSTI032_009.ai
Swivel Ring Flange
UKCSTI032_010.ai
Composite Lap Joint Flange
Flanges
2-6
UKCS-TI-032
Flange Specification and Identification

6.1
Specification
A flange is specified by the following information:

Type and facing whether the flange is, for example, weld neck, RTJ, socket weld or RF
Nominal pipe size required for all flanges, usually in inches
Flange pressure class required for all flanges, eg Class 150, 300, 900, 1500, 2500 etc
Standard ie ASME B16.5, BS 1560, API 6A, API 605 or ASME B16.47
Material a material specification must be stated and will be as quoted in the piping
specification
Pipe schedule only for WN, SW, composite lap joint and swivel ring flanges where
the flange bore must match that of the pipe, eg Schedule 10, 30, 40, 80, 120, 160 etc
6.2
Identification
Normally, the flange specification will be hard stamped on the flange. In the case of
existing plant, the information may not be legible and it is then necessary to identify the
flange by visual observation and physical measurement.
Visual observation required to identify the type of flange and type of gasket used
Physical measurement required to identify the nominal bore and the class of the
flange. Check the number of studbolts, studbolt diameter, studbolt Pitch Circle
Diameter (PCD) and the flange thickness. Compare these figures with standard flange
data as found
Flange Surface Finish and Flange Distortion

To create a seal, the gasket has to fill up the voids in the flange surface present because
of surface finish and any flange rotation (or relative distortion) between the two surfaces.
The flange surface will give a broad indication of which gasket materials are likely to be
suitable. Finishes of standard RF flanges usually fall within the range 3.2 to 12.5mm,
but this may be expressed in micro inches (in) or roughness number.
Surface finish
Micro metre (m)
12.5
6.3
3.2
1.6
Micro inch (in)
500
250
125
63
N10
N9
N8
N7
Roughness number (BS 308)
Flanges
2-7
UKCS-TI-032
7.1
Sheet Jointing
The recommended surface finish for the compressed fibre jointing (above a thickness of
1mm) is 3.2m to 12.5m Ra. These values are also used for graphite laminate (above a
thickness of 0.8mm).
For tongue and groove flange facings or for very thin gaskets (0.4mm or below),
a surface finish of 0.8m to 3.2m Ra is possible.
7.2
Spiral Wound Gasketing
This type of gasket requires a range of surface finishes dependent upon the application:
General 3.2m to 5.1m Ra
Critical 3.2m Ra
Vacuum applications 2.0m Ra
7.3
Solid Flat Metal
A surface finish in the order of 1.6m Ra is acceptable but for more critical conditions,
a finish no more coarse than 0.8m Ra is preferred. Again, for optimum performance
the smoother the flange finish, the better the performance.
7.4
Metallic Ring Joint Gaskets
The angled surfaces (typically 23) of both grooves and octagonal gaskets and the
contact faces of oval gaskets should have a surface finish no rougher than 1.6m Ra.
7.5
Machining of Flange Faces
Under no circumstances should flange seating surfaces be machined in a manner that

tool marks extend radially across the seating surface. Such tool marks are practically
impossible to seal regardless of the type of gasket being used.
Flanges
2-8
UKCS-TI-032
Section 3
Gaskets
Paragraph
Page
Selection of Gasket Material
3-1
Fugitive Emissions
3-1
Compatibility with Fluid
3-2
Temperature
3-2
Internal Pressure
3-4
Special Considerations
6.1 Guidance
3-4
3-5
Ring
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
3-6
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-8
Spiral Wound Gaskets

8.1 General
8.2 Spiral Wound Section
8.3 Inner Metal Ring
8.4 Outer Metal Ring
8.5 Filler Material
8.6 Spiral Wound Gasket Specification and Identification
8.7 Spiral Wound Gasket Colour Code Reference Chart
8.8 Spiral Wound Gasket in its Uncompressed State
Type Joint Gaskets

Type R
Type RX
Type BX
RTJ Gasket Identification and Specification
3-8
3-8
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
Gaskets
3-i
UKCS-TI-032
Section 3
Gaskets (contd)
Paragraph
Page
Sheet Gaskets
9.1 Tanged Graphite Gaskets
9.2 Utility Gaskets
9.3 Flat Rubber Gaskets
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14
10
Compressed Asbestos Fibre Gasket
3-15
11
Gaskets for Lined Pipework
3-15
12
Types of Linings Available
3-16
13
Gasket Storage
3-16
Gaskets
3-ii
UKCS-TI-032
Selection of Gasket Material

Assuming the mating flanges are in existence, the selection of the correct gasket
material involves a logical series of considerations and these are considered in turn.
Reference should be made to the Piping Specification.
Do not cut or
deform a gasket
to fit a flange
UKCSTI032_011.ai
Fugitive Emissions
Heightened awareness with regard to health and the environment is leading to new and
more stringent standard procedures and legislation. The goal is to reduce emissions to
target levels currently based on the best available technology. These targets will
inevitably become tighter in the future. Large companies have been aware of the issues
for a number of years and will have a major part to play in future standards and
legislation. As early as 1994, fugitive emissions had a major impact on meeting the
challenge set by major petrochemicals companies. Some companies set their own high
standards ahead of incumbent legislation.
Gaskets
3-1
UKCS-TI-032
Fugitive Emission Sources (Fluid Sealing Association)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Valves
Relief
Valves
Pumps
Pipe
Flanges
Compressor
Other
PVRC (Pressure Vessel Research Committee)
Tightness
Classification
Classification
Mass Leak Rate per mm

for Gasket Diameter
Economy
T2
0.2mg/sec mm
Standard
T2
0.002mg/sec mm
Tight
T3
0.00002mg/sec mm
UKCSTI032_012.ai
Compatibility with Fluid

The gasket should obviously not be affected by fluid being sealed over the whole range
of operating conditions. The chemical resistance chart (refer to Addendum 1
Paragraph 4) shows the resistance of many common jointing materials to a variety of
chemicals. This is a guide only and should any doubt exist, then the gasket manufacturer
should be consulted.
Temperature
The gasket selected should have reasonable life expectancy at the maximum
temperature encountered (or the minimum temperature if for a low temperature
application). A broad indication of the temperature pressure ratings of the common
gasket materials is shown in the figure below.
Gaskets
3-2
UKCS-TI-032
Gasket materials are designed to compress under load to achieve the initial seal.
However, to retain that seal, the gasket should be able to resist flow (or creep) to
prevent loss of surface stress by reduction of bolt stress. This property is very important
and is the one that most readily separates high quality from low quality gaskets.
Under ambient temperature conditions, most gasket materials do not creep significantly,
but as the temperature rises beyond 100C, creep becomes a serious consideration.
For all applications but particularly for low temperature applications, the following points
should be observed:
The gasket should be completely dry when installed (gaskets for such applications
should be stored in a dry atmosphere)
The required flange loading should be applied at ambient temperature
Notes: (1)
The above information is intended as a guide to the maximum possible

ratings of each class of jointing. It does not imply that all the gaskets
within each generic type are suitable for the temperatures and pressures
shown.
(2)
Even if the material chosen is theoretically suitable for the temperature

and pressure, other factors should be considered such as available bolting,
flange facing type, shock loadings etc.
(3)
Consultation with gasket experts should take place at the design stage to
ensure that the gasket selected is suitable for all conditions of the
application.
Gaskets
3-3
UKCS-TI-032
Internal Pressure
The gasket has to be suitable for the maximum internal pressure experienced; this is
often the test pressure, which can be >2 times the flange rating at ambient temperature.
Vacuum conditions need special considerations but as a guide:
For coarse vacuum (760torr to 1torr): flat rubber or compressed non-asbestos
fibre gaskets
For high vacuum (1torr to 1 x 10-7torr): rubber O-rings or moulded rectangular seals
For very high vacuum (below 1 x 10-7torr): specialised seals required
Special Considerations
There are many factors apart from those already considered that affect the selection of
the correct gasket material and type.
Cycling Conditions
If the service conditions include frequent thermal or pressure cycles, then the gasket has
to be resilient enough to allow for the flange movements and strong enough to resist the
mechanical loading.
Vibration
If the pipeline is subjected to undue vibration, then the gasket has to withstand the
mechanical effects involved.
Erosive Media
Certain media (eg solids suspended in liquids) can slowly erode gaskets leading to a
much shorter life than expected. In such cases, choice of gasket material and selection
of gasket dimensions are critical.
Risk of Contaminating the Fluid
Sometimes the effect of contaminating the fluid by leaching chemicals from the
gasket should be considered. Typical examples are in the sealing of potable water,
blood plasma, pharmaceutical chemicals, food, beer etc.
Corrosion of Flanges
Some flange metals are prone to stress corrosion cracking (eg austenitic stainless steel).
When using these, care should be taken to ensure that the gasket material does not
contain an unacceptable level of leachable impurities which may induce corrosion.
Such impurities include chloride ions.
Gaskets
3-4
UKCS-TI-032
Integrity
When the integrity of a gasket is of prime importance (eg when sealing a highly toxic
chemical), the choice of gasket may be influenced by the requirement for a larger safety
margin. As an example, a spirally-wound gasket with an outer retaining ring may be
selected in place of a compressed non-asbestos fibre gasket.
Economy
Although a gasket is a relatively low priced item, the consequential expense of leakage
or failure should be considered when deciding on quality, type and material of
the gaskets.
6.1
Guidance
The following guidance is offered where pre-selection has not been carried out. The
table below is copied from BP Standard GS 142-7 Supply of Gaskets and Joint Rings for
Bolted Joints.
Service
Flange Design Conditions

Pressure
Class
General hydrocarbon
Steam/condensate,
boiler feed water
150
300
TempC
-196/500
Flange
Facing
RF
Tanged graphite sheet or

spiral wound with flexible
graphite or spiral wound
with non-graphite filler
-40/+250
RF
Nitrile rubber-based
reinforced sheet
-196/+500
-196/350
General utilities
Gasket Selection
General hydrocarbon,
steam/condensate,
boiler feed water
600
900
-196/+500
RF
Spiral wound with flexible

graphite
General hydrocarbon,
steam, boiler feed
water
1500
2500
As per flange
material
RTJ
Metal joint ring
Hydrogen
150
300
600
-196/+500
RF
Spiral wound with flexible

graphite
900
1500
2500
As per flange
material
RTJ
Metal joint ring
150
300
600
-40/+200
RF
Spiral wound
PTFE filler
Chemical oxidisers/HF
acid
Note: Correct gasket selection and installation is of paramount importance. The gasket
creates the seal between the two flange faces and contains the internal pressure
at that joint.
Gaskets
3-5
UKCS-TI-032
Ring Type Joint Gaskets

Ring Type Joint (RTJ) gaskets are forged rings that fit into the machined groove of an
RTJ flange. RTJ gaskets are generally used for high pressure applications. Sealing is by
metal-to-metal contact between gasket and flange. Solid metal joint rings have excellent
tightness and tolerance to temperature and pressure changes once correctly bolted up.
Very close attention must be given to their bolting up. Rings and groove faces must be
free of imperfections.
There are four different types of ring commonly available: Types R, RX, BX and AX.
The most commonly used is Type R.
7.1
Type R
These are either oval or octagonal in cross-section. The oval RTJ is the original design.
The octagonal RTJ is a modification to the oval design and provides better sealing.
Type R rings may be specified for Class 150 to 2500 flanges though are typically found
on Class 1500 flanges and often Class 900. The piping specification will state whether an
octagonal or an oval joint is to be used. Type R rings may be used on either Flat Face
(FF) or Raised Face (RF) RTJ flanges.
UKCSTI032_014.ai
7.2
Type RX
RX gaskets fit and seal into the same groove sizes as Type R gaskets. Note that the RX
gasket is wider than the Type R gasket and the flange face-to-face separation will
therefore be greater.
RX gaskets are normally specified up to Class 5000 American Petroleum Institute (API)
6A Type B flanges. They are used when a more effective seal is required which is
resistant to vibrations, shock loadings etc, for example on wellheads and xmas trees.
Gaskets
3-6
UKCS-TI-032
The asymmetric cross-section makes the gasket self-energising. The outside bevel of
the ring makes the initial contact with the grooves of the flange and thus preloads the
gasket against the groove outer surface.
UKCSTI032_015.ai
7.3
Type BX
These are only used on API 6A Type BX flanges and are rated from Class 5000 to 15000.
The pitch diameter of the ring is slightly greater than the pitch diameter of the flange
groove. This preloads the gasket and creates a pressure energised sea.
Type BX gaskets are not interchangeable with R or RX gaskets. The groove on a flange
which accommodates a BX gasket is dimensionally different to that for R and
RX gaskets.
Ideally, the flange face-to-face separation using a BX gasket is zero.
UKCSTI032_016.ai
Note: It is particularly important to check the flange face-to-face separation which must
be uniform around the entire circumference of the flange. RTJ flanged joints are
particularly susceptible to uneven bolt tensioning and misalignment of the ring
within the groove.
Gaskets
3-7
UKCS-TI-032
7.4
RTJ Gasket Identification and Specification
Type
Whether R, RX or BX. If R, state whether octagonal or oval. The type of ring to be
used will be specified in the piping specification.
Ring Number
For example R46 will fit a 6in NB Class 1500 RTJ flange (as per ASME B16.5 Table 5).
Material
A variety of materials are available. Again, check with the piping specification for the
correct material. The material grade will have an identifying code. For example:
- Soft iron: D
- Stainless steel 316: S316
Standard
Either American Society of Mechnical Engineers (ASME) B16.20 or API 6A as specified
in the piping specification (these two standards are equivalent and interchangeable).
Identification
The type, ring number and material will always be marked on the side of the ring.
Oval RTJ in
Oval Groove
Octagonal RTJ in
Octagonal Groove
Oval RTJ in
Octagonal Groove
UKCSTI032_017.ai
Spiral Wound Gaskets

8.1
General
The standard of Spiral Wound (SW) gaskets can vary considerably between
manufacturers, and they should be obtained only from reputable suppliers.
Most SW gaskets now being used are SW 316st/st windings and graphite filler.
These gaskets have a 316st/st inner ring and coated carbon steel outer guide ring, but on
some occasions the outer ring could be stainless steel to provide corrosion resistance to
the external environment.
Gaskets
3-8
UKCS-TI-032
Gasket Nominal Thickness
Recommended Compressed Thickness
3.2mm
2.3 to 2.5mm
4.5mm
3.2 to 3.4mm
6.4mm
4.6 to 4.9mm
7.2mm
4.8 to 5.0mm
CARBON STEEL
OUTER
316 STAINLESS
STEEL WINDINGS
GRAPHITE
FILLER
316 STAINLESS
STEEL INNER
UKCSTI032_018.ai
These gaskets are fitted with an internal guide ring which:

Provides an additional compression stop
Restricts the lateral flow of the gaskets toward the bore
Acts as a heat and corrosion barrier protecting the gasket and flange
By filling the annular space between the gasket and flange, it reduces turbulent flow of
the fluid or the possibility of the accumulation of solids, and possible corrosion.
Filler Materials
Temperature Limits
PTFE
260C
Graphite
550C
Mica and Graphite
900C
Mica
1000C
Spiral Wound Gaskets That May Be Present in Flanges

SW gaskets are typically used on intermediate pressure systems and will be found on
Class 300, Class 600 and Class 900 flanges.
SW gaskets are used on RF flanges with a smooth surface finish, as quoted in Surface
Finish Values for Flange Facings for Class 150 to 2500 Flanges.
Gaskets
3-9
UKCS-TI-032
Where SW gaskets are used with standard Class 150 flanges and smaller sizes of
standard Class 300 flanges, the higher seating load requirements and low bolting
availability necessitates use of high strength bolting and proper bolting-up procedures.
The use of gaskets with inner rings also increases the required bolting load.
8.2
Spiral Wound Section
This part of the gasket creates the seal between the flange faces. It is manufactured by
spirally winding a preformed metal strip and a filler material around a metal mandrel.
Normally the outside and inside diameters are reinforced by several additional metal
windings with no filler.
When compressed, the combined effect of the metal winding and the filler material will
make the seal. The filler material will flow into the grooves on the flange face and the
metal winding will then strengthen and support the filler against the flange face.
8.3
Inner Metal Ring
The inner metal ring provides inner confinement to the gasket. Being of a specified
thickness smaller than that of the uncompressed spiral windings, it acts as a
compression stop, ie it prevents the windings from being overcompressed due,
for example, to overtensioning of the studbolts or thermal growth of the pipework when
in operation. The inner ring also fills the annular space between the flange bore and the
Inner Diameter (ID) of the spiral wound section and therefore minimises turbulence of
the process fluids at that location and prevents erosion of the flange faces.
Note: The spiral windings should never be exposed to the flow of the process fluids.
8.4
Outer Metal Ring
The outer metal ring acts as a compression stop and an antiblowout device. It also
centres the gasket on the flange face.
The spiral wound gasket should be centred on the flange with the outer ring resting
against the studbolts. If this is not the case, the incorrect gasket has been chosen and
should be changed.
8.5
Filler Material
For most applications in the petrochemical industry, an asbestos filler was usually
specified. Asbestos is hazardous to health and even though trapped within the spiral
winding, SW gaskets should be handled with care. Full procedures are available and
should be consulted. Piping specifications now quote a non-asbestos filler instead
of asbestos. Graphite filler has now taken over as being the preferred
filler material.
For special applications, other materials are available such as mica or mica-graphite
combinations.
Gaskets
3-10
8.6
UKCS-TI-032
Spiral Wound Gasket Specification and Identification
SW gaskets are supplied and identified as follows:

NPS and Flange Pressure Class
A class and Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) must be specified and must match that of the
flange concerned. The class and size of the gasket will always be stamped on
the outer ring.
Flange Type
SW gaskets are normally used on RFWN flanges. If used on Slip-on (SO) flanges,
this should be stated as special gasket sizes will be required for NPS up to 1 1/2in.
Filler Material
A variety of materials are available. Normally asbestos was used but now graphite,
PTFE, mica or ceramic fillers etc are predominantly used. The filler material will be
specified in the piping specification. Identification is by way of a colour code on the
spiral wound section.
Winding Material
Winding material is important as it should be resistant to the process conditions.
The winding material will be specified in the piping specification and is typically
stainless steel. Identification is by a colour code on the outer ring.
Inner Ring
The inner ring will normally be the same material grade as the metal winding as it
must equally resist the process conditions. Material grade will be specified in the
piping specification.
Outer Ring
This is not such a critical parameter as the inner ring, as it does not come into contact
with process fluids. It is normally powder-coated carbon steel and again will be
specified in the piping specification.
Standard
Usually American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B16.20, BS 3381 or API 601.
Gaskets
3-11
UKCS-TI-032
8.7
Spiral Wound Gasket Colour Code Reference Chart
WARNING:
8.7.1
THERE ARE SOME PROCESS APPLICATIONS WHERE GRAPHITE

IS UNSUITABLE. REFER TO MANUFACTURERS DATASHEETS
FOR DETAILS.
Winding Material Colour Code
The outer ring of the SW gasket will be coloured to identify the winding material.
The ring may only be coloured on the outer edge.
Carbon steel
Silver
304SS
Yellow
316SS
Green
347SS
Blue
321SS
Turquoise
Monel
Orange
Nickel 200
Red
Titanium
Purple
Alloy 20
Black
Hastelloy B
Brown
Hastelloy C
Beige
Inc 600
Gold
Incoloy
White
8.7.2
Filler Material Colour Code
The spiral wound section of the SW gasket will be coloured to identify the filler material,
with flashes around the outer ring of the relevant colour.
Non-asbestos
Pink
Graphite
Grey
Asbestos
None
PTFE
White
Ceramic
Light green
Note: The above colour coding is based on API 601 and ASME B16.20.
When inspecting gaskets already fitted to flanges, it can be difficult to distinguish
between white, grey and light green. Users must be aware of this problem.
Gaskets
3-12
8.8
UKCS-TI-032
Spiral Wound Gasket in its Uncompressed State
INNER RING ID
GASKET ID
GASKET OD
GUIDE RING OD
UKCSTI032_019.ai
EXTERNAL RING
INTERNAL RING
UKCSTI032_020.ai
Sheet Gaskets
Non-asbestos Fibre (NAF) gaskets have now replaced Compressed Asbestos Fibre (CAF)
gaskets.
They are used for low pressure applications and are typically found on Class 150 and
Class 300 flanges. They are normally used on RF flanges (self-centering flat ring type
gasket), but are also used on FF flanges (full-face type gaskets are required).
9.1
Tanged Graphite Gaskets
Previously the predominant gasket used in BP has been CAF. This material covers a
wide range of applications, but has a known health risk.
The replacement gasket material which contains no asbestos has a stainless steel insert
sandwiched between two layers of graphite. If not handled correctly, the insert may cut
personnel. This type of gasket is known as a tanged gasket. The gaskets are non-stick,
especially on stainless steel faces.
The stainless reinforcement increases the tensile strength of the material,
its load-bearing capacity and handling characteristics. It also improves its blowout
resistance under cycling conditions. For larger type gaskets, two stainless inserts may
be used for greater rigidity and ease of handling.
When handling this type of gasket, always use gloves.
Gaskets
3-13
UKCS-TI-032
GRAPHITE
LAYER
0.005in st/st
REINFORCED SHIM
GRAPHITE
LAYER
UKCSTI032_021.ai
Service temperature
-196C to +450C
Maximum pressure at 150Mpa stress
200bar
Recovery
13 to 19%
Compressibility ASTM F36A
28 to 42%
Sheet size
1 x 1m or 1 x 1.5m
The use of plain graphite gaskets is not recommended in oxygenated seawater handling
systems. For such duties, a non-asbestos utility gasket should be used.
The piping specifications for each individual plant should be changed to accommodate
the new gaskets.
9.2
Utility Gaskets
In utility non-hydrocarbon services up to Class 300, where the temperature is below

100C, and in equipment blinding applications, high performance nitrile rubber-based
reinforced sheet containing non-respirable glass fibres should be used.
9.3
Flat Rubber Gaskets
Flat rubber gaskets are normally found in the least hazardous and aggressive of
conditions such as low pressure water services. Rubber gaskets are limited in use by
temperature, pressure and chemical resistance. They are also liable to creep, eg if
subjected to excessive bolt loading or repeated hydrotest.
Rubber gaskets are usually full-face and are used on FF flanges. Of the variety of rubbers
available, that most commonly used as a gasket is neoprene. Other rubber materials
include natural rubber, viton and nitrile.
Gaskets
3-14
UKCS-TI-032
Rubber Gasket Specification and Identification

This is always to be quoted. It should be marked on the gasket if it is not, check the
correct fit of the gasket on the flange.
Alternatively, the gasket may be cut from rubber sheet. The bore of the pipe must not
be restricted by the gasket and the entire face of the flange must be covered.
Check the thickness of the gasket by reference to the piping specification.
Material
Whether neoprene, nitrile etc, refer to the piping specification.
10 Compressed Asbestos Fibre Gasket

NOW NOT IN USE (FOR INFORMATION ONLY)
CAF gaskets were used for low pressure applications and were typically found on
Class 150 and Class 300 flanges, and will probably still be in many flange applications.
CAF gaskets were normally used on RF flanges (self-centering flat ring type gasket),
but may also have been used on FF flanges (full-face type gaskets are required).
CAF gaskets were manufactured from asbestos fibres bonded in a nitrile rubber
compound, sometimes coated with graphite.
Remember that CAF gaskets contain asbestos and should therefore be handled
carefully. If removing an old CAF gasket from a flange, wet the gasket with water to
absorb any asbestos dust that may be freed, especially if the flange has to be scraped
clean. Loose CAF waste should be disposed of in sealed polythene bags and labelled as
containing asbestos with an asbestos warning tag. For full details, refer to Asbestos
Management and Work with Asbestos (UKCS-SOP-010).
11 Gaskets for Lined Pipework

Joints in lined pipework are invariably flanged and gaskets often need to create a seal
despite many of the linings being of a soft nature. Correct gasket selection is particularly
important since:
Many linings, whilst having a smooth finish, have undulating surfaces on the flanges
due to the method of manufacture (eg glass)
There is usually a good reason for using lined pipework (eg chemically aggressive fluid
or pharmaceutical fluid) and the gasket often has to be equal to the lining in terms of
chemical resistance and freedom from contamination
Linings tend to be of a fragile nature and bolt loads have to be kept low to prevent
damage. This limits the choice of gasket material
The gasket material has often to withstand the effects of aggressive cleaning fluids as
well as the service fluids
Gaskets
3-15
UKCS-TI-032
12 Types of Linings Available

Rubber Lined
A soft rubber gasket can be applied. A steel or ebonite spacer can be used to prevent
overcompression.
Plastic Lined
Gaskets are not normally required, but there are exceptions:
- Where there are dissimilar flange connections (eg pipe to valve)
- Where the lining is too undulating
- Where the lining is applied via a dripping process, eg PVC
Lead Lined
Creep resistant PTFE or a PTFE envelope with soft rubber insert can be used.
Glass Lined
PTFE.
13 Gasket Storage
Klingers recommended storage conditions for gaskets are as follows:
In a dry, darkened atmosphere: avoid contact with any liquids such as water and oil;
avoid high humidity atmospheres (50 to 60% humidity level preferred)
At room temperature between 5 and 25C: do not freeze as this may allow moisture
contamination on thawing
Flat: the gasket will give its best performance if stored flat instead of rolled, folded or
hung on hooks; this applies especially to spiral wound and larger diameter gaskets
which when hung might suffer stress or permanent deformation, leading to fitting
difficulties and damage to the material
Packaged: exfoliated graphite is used as a filler material for spiral wound gaskets and,
in its uncompressed state, is very soft and stands proud of the winding strap and can
be damaged by impact or abrasion; large gaskets can become unstable for certain
dimensions and it is recommended that they are retained in their original packaging
until installation
Gaskets
3-16
UKCS-TI-032
Section 4
Clamp Connectors and Compact

Flanged Joints
Paragraph
Page
Clamp Connectors (eg Grayloc, Techlok)
4-1
Taperlok
4-2
SPO Compact Flange
4-3
Compact Flanges Specification and Identification
4-3
Compact Flanged Joints

4-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
A variety of different joint designs fall under the categories of clamp connectors and
compact flanges. Each design is unique to its manufacturer and subsequently reference
to the joint normally involves quoting the manufacturers name or a trade name,
for example Grayloc, Destec, Taper-lok and so on.
Clamp connectors and compact flanges are used where savings in weight, space or
material cost (especially so with exotic materials) are an advantage.
It is important to be able to recognise the different types available, and brief descriptions
of some available types follow.
For compact flanges it is also important that technicians attend product-specific training
and follow the manufacturers installation procedures (ensuring that any stated torque
values are applicable to the bolt lubricant/coating to be used).
UKCSTI032_022.ai
Clamp Connectors (eg Grayloc, Techlok)

The clamp connector comprises bolting, clamps, hubs and a seal ring as shown overleaf.
The function of the bolts is primarily to draw the two halves of the clamp together and
not to resist internal pressure. The seal ring is self-energised and also
pressure-energised.
When assembling a joint, before bolting up, the stand-off between the seal rib and the
hub should be checked against the manufacturers recommendation and, if necessary,
the seal must be replaced.
New seal rings usually come with a lubricant coating. However, if the seal ring has been
used previously, then the coating may well be scuffed off. In this case, a small amount
of lubricant (hydraulic oil or molybdenum disulphide) should be applied to the hub sealing
faces only. No lubricant should be applied to the seal ring as foreign bodies readily stick
to the wet lubricant.

4-1
UKCS-TI-032
HUB
CLAMP
SEAL
RING
UKCSTI032_024.ai
Many manufacturers produce clamp connectors which are virtually identical. However,
none of these designs are interchangeable.
Taperlok
The Taper-lok joint employs a conical seal ring which is wedged as the joint is tightened,
thereby sealing on both its inside and outside surfaces. As internal pressure increases,
the tapered seal ring is forced in between the mating flanges, thereby further tightening
the seal. Because of the male/female configuration, a relatively wide flange separation is
required to remove the seal ring and this may cause problems, especially where
springing of pipework is difficult. The seal ring is externally visible, allowing confirmation
of installation.
Taper-lok joints have been shown to be sensitive to misalignment. Installation aids are
available to help control this. The flange gap must be maintained within 0.3mm
uniformity during bolt tightening in order to prevent leakage. Seal ring alignment must
also be carefully observed during bolt tightening.
It is essential that a 100% cover bolt tensioning procedure is used, particularly for larger
joints. Taper-lok will specify the recommended residual bolt stress.
FEMALE FLANGE
SEAL RING
MALE FLANGE
(Seal ring is shown loose and not sealed)
UKCSSOP022.023

4-2
UKCS-TI-032
SPO Compact Flange

The SPO compact flange is designed as a static connection, removing the disadvantages
of the dynamics provided by conventional flanges. It has two independent seals in series
together with an additional environmental seal.
High residual bolt loads are required and it is recommended that a tensioning tool fit trial
is performed prior to mobilisation. Because of the high residual bolt load requirement,
consideration should be given to the potential effects of the gross bolt load before
tensioning is performed.
UKCS_TI_032_92.ai
Compact Flanges Specification and Identification

Some compact flanges use American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B16.5
pressure ratings such as Class 600, 900, 1500 etc. Others require a design pressure
to be specified.
Pipe Schedule
As specified in the pipe specification.
Material
Refer to the piping specification which will detail the material grade of the different
components of the compact flange. Also obtain the manufacturers product data
which will interpret any abbreviations for material grade that may be stamped on the
components.

4-3
UKCS-TI-032
Manufacturers Name/Trade Name/Model Number

A model number may also be required for a particular compact flange design.
Check with the manufacturers product data. This is then sufficient to specify all the
different components of the compact flange: the seal ring, clamps, hubs, even the
studbolts. The components will all be unique to the one manufacturer.

4-4
UKCS-TI-032
Section 5
Paragraph
Page
Bolt Material Grade
5-1
Bolt Thread
5-2
Bolt Coating/Plating
5-2
Bolt Specification and Identification
5-3
Tension Controlled Fasteners Rotabolt
5-4
Comparison of Techniques
5-7
Hydraulic Bolt Tensioning
5-7
Flange and Bolt Protection
5-8
Hand Torque Tightening

9.1 Troubleshooting
5-9
5-9
10
Hot Bolting
5-10
11
Leak and Service Testing
5-10
12
Insulation Kits for Bolts

12.1 Full-face Gasket Insulating Set
12.2 Inside Bolt Location Gasket Insulating Set
12.3 Ring Joint Gasket Insulating Set
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-12
13
Insulating Kit Identification and Specification
5-13

5-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
It is important to always use the correct nuts and bolts or studbolts in a given location
and as defined in the piping specification.
UKCSTI032_027.ai
Bolt Material Grade

Choice of material grade is dependent on the duty of the line. Using incorrect bolting
could have serious consequences. For example, normal alloy steel bolting (B7) on a low
temperature service is not suitable as the bolting will be susceptible to brittle fracture.
Stainless steel bolting has limitations at high pressure due to the relatively low strength
of the stainless steel.
The piping specification will always specify the correct material grade of bolting to be
used on a flanged joint. Common bolt specifications are abbreviated as follows:
Normal alloy steel: Grade B7 bolts x Grade 2H nuts
Low temperature alloy steel: Grade L7 bolts x Grade 4 nuts
Austenitic stainless steel: Grade B8M (Class 1 or 2) bolts x Grade 8M nuts
If cutting bolts, always cut the end which is not stamped (refer to drawing in Paragraph 2).

5-1
UKCS-TI-032
Bolt Thread
The thread on all studbolts used on flanged piping joints is a Unified Inch Series to either
British Standard (BS) 1580 or American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B1.1.
The thread is specified by quoting a certain number of threads per inch.
For alloy steel and stainless steel bolting, two thread types are used:
Bolt diameters up to and including 1in a Unified Coarse (UNC) thread is used.
The number of threads per inch depends on the diameter of the bolt
Bolt diameters 1 1/8in and above 8 Threads Per Inch (TPI) or the 8 UN series is used
All studbolts that are supplied to site should always conform to specification.
THREAD ANGLE
2H
B7
Section Through
Thread
ROOT
OR
CORE
EFFECTIVE
DIAMETER
FULL
DIAMETER
PITCH
UKCSTI032_028.ai
Bolt Coating/Plating
Corrosion of bolting:
Threatens mechanical integrity
Increases maintenance costs (eg nut seizures)
Creates safety concerns (eg hot bolting operations, loss of integrity)
Bolting may be purchased with a variety of different coatings. The coatings are designed
to protect the bolt material from corrosion. Typical bolt coatings and plating include zinc
plating, cadmium plating and PTFE coating.
BPs North Sea experience over recent years has been of unsatisfactory performance of
PTFE coated and electroplated low alloy steel bolting, and that hot-dipped, spun
galvanised bolting has provided better corrosion protection at reduced cost. However,
good quality control is required for galvanised components as the nuts are undercut and
thread stripping may result if the clearances are greater than those stipulated in the
specification. Zinc nickel plating has also shown good performance in recent tests and is
an acceptable alternative to galvanising.

5-2
UKCS-TI-032
Note: Bolts with different coatings require different torque values to achieve the same
bolt tension. It is therefore important not to mix studbolts with different coatings
on a given flange, as it will be difficult to achieve a uniform bolt tension on all the
studbolts. Full procedures are available on bolt tightening and should be
consulted.
WARNING:
CADMIUM PLATED COMPONENTS GIVE OFF TOXIC FUMES WHEN

HEATED TO SUFFICIENTLY HIGH TEMPERATURES. THEREFORE,
HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED TO RELEASE TIGHT BOLTS.
FURTHERMORE, GLOVES SHOULD BE WORN WHEN HANDLING
CADMIUM PLATED COMPONENTS TO PREVENT SKIN ABRASIONS.
Bolt Specification and Identification

Bolt Diameter
A flange of given class and size will have a specific bolt hole diameter and a bolt
diameter to suit.
Bolt Length
This is specific to the flange type, class and size. Two exceptions to the standard bolt
length are:
- If the flanges are to be tightened using bolt tensioning equipment, the bolt length
must be long enough to suit the equipment (minimum of one bolt diameter
protruding from end of nut)
- For flanges separated by a spade or spacer, consider the spade thickness and the
additional gasket for selection of the studbolt length
Material Grade
As specified in the piping specification. The studbolt material grade will be stamped
on the end of the studbolt, either B7, L7 etc.
The nut material grade will be stamped on the end of the nut, eg 2H, L4 etc.
Bolt Coating
As specified in the piping specification, ie cadmium plating, zinc plating,
PTFE coated etc.
Thread
This should be the Unified Inch Series as specified in Paragraph 2.
Nuts
These should be heavy series hexagon nuts.
Standard
Full bolt material specifications are given in further sections.

5-3
UKCS-TI-032
Bolt Lubricant
The screw thread of each studbolt (and the mating faces of each nut and washer)
must be liberally coated with an approved lubricant). Dow Cornings Molykote 1000,
which has an effective co-efficient of friction of 0.11, is the recommended bolt
lubricant for upstream application.
Tension Controlled Fasteners Rotabolt

Several methods exist for measuring or monitoring bolt load. These include direct
tension indicator washers, ultrasonic measurement, twist-off bolts, tension monitoring
sensors and mechanical load indicating bolts. The most commonly used method in BP
has been the direct stress/strain measurement technique using a specially adapted bolt
such as Rotabolt (refer to drawing below).
ROTA LOAD INDICATORS

ARE MADE IN STAINLESS
BUT CAN BE SUPPLIED
IN OTHER MATERIALS
CONTROL CAP
THE CAP IS SEALED WITH VITON

O-RINGS AND PACKED WITH CALCIUM
GREASE TO ELIMINATE CORROSION
GREASE PACKED
NORMALLY THREE THREADS CLEAR
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED
STAND - OFF
GUAGE LENGTH
GUAGE PIN
MADE FROM COMPATIBLE MATERIAL
AS PARENT STUD TO MATCH THERMAL
COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION
GUAGE PIN POSITIVELY

ANCHORED HERE AND TESTED
IN HOSTILE CONDITIONS TO PROVE
RELIABILITY OF ANCHOR
UKCSTI032_029.ai
These bolts can be utilised with any tightening technique to achieve the load, but the key
is that the load (strain) is being measured directly to give an indication of bolt tightness.
The bolt consists of a standard industry bolt which is drilled at one end along the axis to
accept a headed pin and cap mechanism which acts as a mechanical strain gauge.
The drawing shows the arrangement: the headed pin is positively anchored to the base
of the hole and retains a rotor and cap which is free to spin in a pre-set air gap between
the rotor and bolt face.

5-4
UKCS-TI-032
When tightening takes place, the stud begins to stretch (proportional to load) but the
head pin does not, thus the air gap closes as tightening continues to extend the bolt.
When the air gap is fully closed, the rotor locks. The pre-set air gap is directly
proportional to the bolt extension (strain) and hence the stress in the bolt (and load
transferred to the gasket joint). The user simply turns the cap by finger and thumb
while tightening the bolt until the cap locks. Continued tightening is unnecessary and
simply overcompresses the gasket and operates the bolt nearer to its yield point.
Over-extension of the bolt does not damage the strain gauge mechanism since the now
locked rotor transfers load to the pin which then starts to extend with the bolt. When the
load is removed, the pin returns to its original length along with the bolt (unless it has
been overstressed beyond yield).
Every Rotabolt is individually loaded in the factory in order to pre-set the air gap for the
required load. The set load is then stamped on the end of the cap for easy identification.
Rotabolts are, however, much more expensive than standard bolting and should only be
used where service duty is severe or previous history of joint leakage justifies.
For example, the cost of continually seal-repairing a troublesome joint, together with the
possible hydrocarbon losses and even unscheduled plant shutdowns, may easily justify
the added expense. Rotabolts have already been used throughout BP on troublesome
heat exchangers and flanges.
Two further Rotabolt products are now also available:
The Rotabolt 2 offers two tension settings in a single sensor. It features a dual load
indicator cap the outer cap for high tension setting and the inner cap for low
tension, thus providing an operational tension range
The Rotabolt Vision operates on the same internal air gap technology as the original
Rotabolt but has a specially developed visual indicator which appears as an unbroken
yellow line across the head of the bolt. As soon as any tension is lost across the bolt,
the indicator rotates by 90 to show a distinct right angle break in the yellow line
For troublesome joints or new exchanger designs, a standard datasheet is available to

allow engineers to collect all the essential details for a joint design check to be made.

5-5
UKCS-TI-032
Rotabolt Design Data Sheet

Dimensions to: PD 5500: 2003
ASME VIII Appendix 2 ASME B16.5
X
rf
t1
(Delete as appropriate)
General Notes for Rotabolt Supply and Installation:
g0 g1
AC
Go Gi
1.
Bolt grade is stamped on opposite end of bolt to Rotabolt cap.
2.
If bolt tensioning is to be used for the tightening mechanism,

then the extra length will be supplied at the opposite end to the
Rotabolt cap. When bolt tensioning, the Rotabolt cap must be at
the opposite end to the extra length.
3.
On large flanges, to obtain uniform and locked Rotabolts requires

several trips around the bolt circle when the unit is cold.
As the temperature rises, you can expect to flog the bolts a further
2 to 4 times to obtain the required tension settings. It is important that
your detail plans reflect this significant man-hour content correctly.
Identification from Drawing Insert
Sketch or Attachments
WIN No
Tag No and Unit
Joint Identification
Original Design Code
Year of Manufacture
Manufacturer
Design Data Required for Calculations for

Bolting/Joint
Flange and Bolt Information

Dimension on Drg
Dim
Bolt Data
Flange OD
No of Bolts
Design
Pressure
Flange OD
Diameter of Bolts
Design
Temperature
Bolt PCD
Special Bolting YES/NO Tick approp box
Operating
Pressure
Face to Face
(Site Check)
Rotabolt Required
Yes
No
Corrosion
Allowance
Flange Thickness (not

including raised face)
Bolt Tension Required
Yes
No
Duty Fluid
Raised Face
rf
Original Test
Pressure
Hub Length
*Unless requested otherwise, all Rotabolts will be

supplied with extra length of 2 1/2 3 threads at
each end over dimension X and 2 standard nuts.
Comments
Hub Thickness,
Flange End
g1
or Hub OD Flange End
Hub Thickness,
Shell End
g0
or Hub OD Shell End
Shell Side
Tube Side
Flange Face
Surface Finish
Smooth Face:
3.2 6.3m
Spiral Finish:
6.5/12.5m
Special Joint Configuration, ie tongue and

groove detail required
Spiral Finish:
12.5/25m
YES (drg attached)
NO
Material Grades
Flange:
Shell:
Existing Gasket Data
Material:
Bolting:
Thickness (t1)
OD (Go)
I/D (Gi)
Type:
Requester
Phone/Fax No
Asset
Date
UKCSTI032_030.doc

5-6
UKCS-TI-032
Comparison of Techniques
The techniques below are listed in order of increased accuracy of achieving the target
bolt load:
Impact wrenches, hand spanners, torque multipliers (unquantifiable accuracy)
Manual and hydraulic torque wrenches
Hydraulic bolt tensioners
One of the above techniques used in conjunction with bolt load measurement or
indication eg Rotabolt, ultrasonic measurement, comparator

High pressure flanges, large diameter flanges and flanges on hazardous services are
often made up using hydraulic bolt tensioners. Refer to Addendum 1 Paragraph 2
for guidance.
The bolt tensioners operate by hydraulically stretching the studbolt to a pre-defined
limit after which the operator is then able to hand-tighten the nuts. The hydraulic load is
then released and the studbolt remains tensioned. The advantage of tensioning
(stretching) against torquing is that the process is not dependent on the type of
lubrication used and eliminates the effect of friction under the nut and between threads.
Accurate bolt tensions are therefore obtained.
To pull down the flange evenly, several bolts can be tensioned at the same time. All the
studbolts will eventually be tensioned after successive passes of the bolt tensioning
eqiupment.
Note that the use of the bolt tensioning equipment usually requires the studbolts to
protrude past the nut by an additional bolt diameter. Obstructions such as pipe supports
and instrument tappings may prevent the bolt tensioning equipment from being fitted
over the studbolt. In such cases, hydraulic torque wrenches will then be used to tension
the bolts to the same residual bolt stress.
When tensioning galvanised studs, special oversize puller sleeves are required to
accommodate the larger bolt diameter which results from the galvanising process.

5-7
UKCS-TI-032
Hydraulic bolt tensioning is a specialised activity. Only trained and competent personnel
shall carry out the bolt tensioning using equipment in good order. Refer to UKCS-SOP-012
for minimum acceptable competence standard.
THREAD INSERT
PISTON
SEAL
OIL
LOAD CELL
BRIDGE
UKCSTI032._031.ai
Hydraulic Bolt Tensioner or Jacking Tool
Flange and Bolt Protection

Considerable time may be lost when attempting to loosen rusty studbolts. Therefore,
to protect the studbolts from deterioration, particularly those in an exposed environment,
flange protectors and bolt (or thread) protectors are used.
Flange protectors fit around the circumference of the two mating flanges and the
enclosed space is then filled with a grease. Thread protectors fit over the nut and are
also filled with a grease via a grease nipple. Alternatively, grease impregnated fabric
such as Densotape may be used to protect studbolts.
Flange and thread protectors are most typically found on flanges which have been
hydraulically bolt tensioned.
In some cases, a second nut is used to protect the thread. This can be susceptible to
vibration, causing the nut to loosen and potentially disengage from the thread, resulting
in a possible dropped object situation. Therefore, the nut should be tightened sufficiently
to prevent this.

5-8
UKCS-TI-032
Hand Torque Tightening

Once a flanged joint has been prepared, the correct gasket obtained (as confirmed by
reference to the piping specification), the bolts and nuts cleaned or replaced (and
material confirmed correct by reference to the piping specification), the joint may be
assembled.
The torque required to achieve a given bolt tension will be affected by the following
factors:
Nominal bolt diameter
Bolt material grade
Thread and nut face lubricant
The Informate software should be used to calculate the required torque values.
This product has been used to generate the tables in Addendum 3, which contain
recommended torque values for a range of standard ASME B16.5 or MSS SP44 flanges
2
(made from materials with a minimum yield strength greater than 30,000lbf/in ), various
gasket types, Molykote 1000 lubricant (coefficient of friction of 0.11) and the following
bolt materials: ASTM A193 B7, B7M and B16; ASTM A320 L7, L7M and L43.
9.1
Troubleshooting
Persistent leakage may be due to one or a combination of the following:

Inadequate or uneven bolt load. Note that excessive tightening may lead to bolt
yielding, gasket damage, flange distortion etc. All of these will make the leak worse.
The final bolt load should be confirmed using a check pass
Damage to the flange sealing faces, particularly radial dents and scratches, or the
wrong surface finish. If in doubt, ask for help from a competent Supervisor or Engineer
Hot or cold joints are generally more problematic than ambient joints. For a flange at
ambient temperature being heated by hot process fluids, initially the inner part of the
flange is heated and expands, whilst the bolts remain at ambient temperature.
Hence the bolt load increases. If this load increase yields the bolts or crushes the
gasket, when the bolts heat up and the load evens out, the flange may leak. This is
one of the reasons why great care is required to obtain the correct bolt load when
making up joints
It is important that sufficient evidence is captured and documented to enable a thorough
investigation of the cause of a leak so that lessons can be learned and repeat failures
avoided.

5-9
UKCS-TI-032
10 Hot Bolting
Hot bolting?
UKCSTI032_033.ai
The removal and replacement of flange bolts on live piping and equipment is practised
for the following reasons:
For replacing corroded or damaged bolts
For upgrading the material specification/grades of bolts
To minimise the time spent freeing bolts during plant shutdown
The practice of removing and replacing or freeing and re-tightening bolts on live
equipment is hazardous and the utmost caution therefore needs to be exercised
when planning and carrying out these operations. Refer to Hot and Odd Bolting
Procedure (UKCS-SOP-027) for more details.
11 Leak and Service Testing

Leak and service testing requirements, including those for the use of reverse integrity
test systems (eg KaMOS), are contained in Safe Isolation and Reinstatement of Plant
(UKCS-SSW-001). The Leak Test Decision Tree in Hydrocarbon Release Reduction
(UKCS-SOP-012) should be followed for any joints that fail leak tests.

5-10
UKCS-TI-032
12 Insulation Kits for Bolts

Insulation kits are designed to prevent galvanic corrosion between flanges of dissimilar
metals, for example, a carbon steel flange bolted to a stainless steel flange.
A conducting liquid such as water must be present between the two flanges for galvanic
corrosion to occur. On oil and dry gas duties, insulating gaskets are not required.
Because of the general unreliability of insulating gaskets, their use should be minimised
to areas where only absolutely necessary and only then when agreed by the Engineering
Department.
If used, the insulation kit will consist of the following:
Insulating gasket
Insulating sleeves to be placed around the studbolts
Insulating washers and steel washers
Note: The conditions that cause galvanic corrosion (two dissimilar metals brought into
contact with a conducting medium) must be guarded against. Uncoated carbon
steel studbolts used on stainless steel flanges in a wet environment, and carbon
steel pipework screwed into brass gate valves on water duties, are two
examples of galvanic cells which can easily be avoided.
Three types of kit are available as described in the following paragraphs.
12.1 Full-face Gasket Insulating Set

This set is suitable for both Flat Face (FF) and Raised Face (RF) flanges. The gasket style
has the advantage of minimising the ingress of foreign matter between the flanges and
therefore reduces the risk of a conductive path between the two flanges.
1/8in THICK STEEL WASHER

1/8in THICK INSULATING WASHER
INSULATING SLEEVE
1/8in
THICK INSULATING GASKET
1/8in
1/8in
THICK INSULATING WASHER

THICK STEEL WASHER
UKCSTI032_034.ai

5-11
UKCS-TI-032
12.2 Inside Bolt Location Gasket Insulating Set

This is only suitable for RF flanges and the gasket is located within the bolts.

INSULATING SLEEVE
1/8in THICK INSULATING GASKET

UKCSTI032_035.ai
12.3 Ring Joint Gasket Insulating Set

The insulating oval Ring Type Joint (RTJ) will fit into a standard RTJ flange ring groove.
The kits are not used on BP sites as they are presently considered to be too unreliable.

INSULATING SLEEVE
INSULATING RING JOINT GASKET

UKCSTI032_036.ai

5-12
UKCS-TI-032
13 Insulating Kit Identification and Specification

Nominal Pipe Size and Pipe Schedule
This must always be specified. Insulating gaskets are an exact fit from the Outside
Diameter (OD) to the Inside Diameter (ID) of the flange.
Flange Pressure Class
This is always to be specified.
Style of Insulating Kit
Full-face or inside bolt location. RTJ gasket insulating sets are not used by BP.
Gasket Material
A range of gasket products is available (refer to table and graph below for examples),
and competent advice should be sought to ensure an optimum solution.
Gasket Type
Example Products
Fibre-based
Klingersil C-4430
Neoprene-coated glass-reinforced epoxy
Pikotek IsoCore
PTFE-based
Klinger Topchem 2000 and 2003
Enclosed seal
PSI LineBacker and Pikotek PGE
Sleeve and Washer Materials

Mylar is superior to either phenolic or polypropylene as a sleeve material.
Insulating washers are usually made of reinforced phenolic, fibre-based materials or
glass-reinforced epoxy.

5-13/14
UKCS-TI-032
Section 6
Procedures
Paragraph
Procedures
Page
6-1
Procedures
6-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
Procedures
The following suite of controlled BP procedures is stored in the Informate software on
BPs intranet at http://northsea.bpweb.bp.com/informate.
Flanged Joint Torque Breakout
W-SER-0503-BPNS
Flanged Joint Tension Breakout
W-SER-0515-BPNS
Flanged Joint Assembly
W-SER-0505-BPNS
Flanged Joint Manual Torque Tightening
W-SER-0502-BPNS
Flanged Joint Hydraulic Torque Tightening
W-SER-0501-BPNS
Flanged Joint Bolt Tensioning
W-SER-0500-BPNS
Clamp Connector Torque Breakout
W-SER-0504-BPNS
Clamp Connector Assembly and Manual Torque

Tightening
W-SER-0506-BPNS
Clamp Connector Assembly and Hydraulic Torque

Tightening
W-SER-0507-BPNS
These procedures also contain Dos and Donts for the procedure and equipment.
Work on bolted joints using these procedures should only be performed by trained and
competent personnel. Refer to Hydrocarbon Release Reduction (UKCS-SOP-012) for
BPs minimum standards (including training, competence and certification requirements)
for assembling and tightening bolted joints.
For proprietary compact flanges, the user should:
Attend product-specific training
Refer to the manufacturers installation and breakout procedures
Ensure that the manufacturers procedure contains the recommended bolt stress and
tightening method
For torque tightening, ensure that a torque value is given that is based on a stated
co-efficient of friction for the lubricant to be used
Follow manufacturers policy on re-use of seal rings
Procedures
6-1/2
UKCS-TI-032
Section 7
A line is positively isolated by either inserting a spade between two flanges, swinging a
spectacle/blind or installing a blind flange on the end of a flange.
Use of the correct spade or blind is imperative as the thickness of the spade is calculated to
withstand the full test pressure of the line being isolated. If too thin, the spade may bow
between the flanges or even fail.
Before inserting or swinging a spade, the line must be depressurised and gas freed. Check the
face of the spade or spectacle for pitting as this face may have been out in the weather for a
considerable period of time. The same safety precautions as when breaking any flanged
joint apply.
When inserting a spade or spectacle blind, always use new gaskets and use the same
procedure for bolting up a flange of equivalent size and class.
It is important to recognise the status of a spade as this indicates whether the line has been
isolated or not. The following diagram illustrates the basic differences.
ED
AT
OL
IS
T ED
NO AT
OL
IS
ISOLATED
NOT ISOLATED
SPADE WITH
INDICATOR HOLE
SPADE
ED
AT
OL
IS
ISOLATED
SPECTACLE
T ED
NO AT
OL
IS
NOT ISOLATED
SPECTACLE
UKCSTI032_037.ai

7-1/2
UKCS-TI-032
Section 8
Paragraph
Page
Threaded Joints
8-1
Sealing on a Threaded Joint

2.1 Reference Documents
2.2 Aim
2.3 PTFE Tape
2.4 Liquid Thread Compounds
8-1
8-1
8-1
8-2
8-2
Table of Thread Jointing Compounds
8-2
Screwed Unions
8-3
Screwed Joints Specification and Identification
8-4
Screwed Joints Dos and Donts
8-4

8-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
The use of screwed piping joints, especially on new Installations or plants, is becoming
increasingly uncommon. On older sites, an abundance of screwed joints may still be
found on a variety of services.
Threaded Joints
A variety of threaded joints exists. Those used on pipework to create a leak-tight joint are
always tapered and identified by a standard, either NPT (American National Taper Pipe
Thread) or BSP (British Standard Pipe Taper Thread). The two threads are not
interchangeable. Both 1/2in and 3/4in NB BSP and American Petroleum Institute (API)
have the same number of Threads Per Inch (TPI) but have differing thread angles.
Sealing on a threaded joint will only take place on two to three threads within the joint
once fully tightened. A thread compound is used to lubricate the threaded joint when
initially making it up. As the joint is tightened, the compound is forced into the peaks and
troughs of the thread, thereby blocking potential spiral leak paths. Sealing between the
mating sides of the thread is primarily by metal-to-metal contact; the thread compound
will assist this by filling any surface imperfections such as scratches on the thread faces.
METAL-TO-METAL SEAL
OF THESE SURFACES
PTFE TAPE OR LIQUID JOINTING

COMPOUND FILLS THESE GAPS
TAPERED THREAD
UKCSTI032_038.ai
Sealing on a Threaded Joint

2.1
Reference Documents
GP 42-10 Metallic Piping to ASME B31.3

BS 6920 Part 1 Suitability of Non-metallic Products on Potable Water Duties
2.2
Aim
Jointing compound is to act as a lubricant and sealant to provide a pressure-tight joint.

No compound or tape is to be used if the fittings are to be welded.
It shall be stable and not react unfavourably with either the service fluid or the piping
material and shall not be subject to any disintegration that could lead to line blockages.
The system should also have an earth continuity.

8-1
UKCS-TI-032
2.3
PTFE Tape
PTFE tape is the most common thread compound available. The correct amount of
PTFE tape used on a threaded joint is very important. Too little, and a seal is unlikely to
be made. Too much could be lethal. PTFE tape must never be used to build up a thread
when under pressure the joint could blow apart. To this end, PTFE tape is not to be used
on threaded plugs and its use elsewhere should be restricted to non-hydrocarbon duties.
Some local rules totally prohibit its use.
PTFE tape is supplied in several thicknesses ranging from standard (0.075mm thick) to
heavy duty (0.2mm thick). Which to use depends on the pipe (or tubing) size and the
maximum pressure. Heavy duty tape is used on mechanical pipe joints. Standard tape
is commonly used on low pressure (up to 10bar) small bore (3 to 25mm diameter)
instrument tubing.
2.4
Liquid Thread Compounds
A variety of liquid thread compounds are available that will lubricate and seal a threaded
joint. There is no risk in the overapplication of a liquid compound, as there is with PTFE
tape. Excess liquid will simply exude from the joint.
The manufacturers recommendations on use must always be followed. Some
compounds have limitations on service duties. Others require a setting time before
pressure can be applied to the system. Lists of the variety of thread jointing compounds
and their limitations on use are given in Paragraph 3.
Jointing compounds should not be applied to any threaded joints on stainless steel or
other exotic materials until the chemical compatibility has been checked.
Table of Thread Jointing Compounds

Thread Services Sealant
PTFE tape (to BS 5292,

standard, 0.075mm)
Service
All non-hydrocarbon services except:
Thread Size
Temp (C)
Pressure
Range (barg)
Up to 1in NB
-190 to +200
Up to 10
Up to 1.5in
NB
-190 to +200
Up to 100
Up to 1.5in
NB
-55 to +150
Up to 207
Downstream of instrument air

filter/regulators
Air to breathing apparatus
PTFE tape (to BS 5292,

heavy duty, 0.2mm)
All non-hydrocarbon services except:

Downstream of instrument air
filter/regulators
Air to breathing apparatus
Permabond A131 (anaerobic

adhesive/sealant)
All services except:

Refrigerant R22
Low temperature cyclic duties with
differing metals

8-2
UKCS-TI-032
Thread Services Sealant
Service
Thread Size
Temp (C)
Pressure
Range (barg)
Rocol oilseal (thixotropic

liquid)
All services except:
Up to 1.5in
NB
-50 to +200
Up to 138
Rocol Foliac Manganese

applications (with PX linseed
oil slight oil-based paste)
High pressure water applications (with

slight oil contamination) Not suitable
for oil service
Up to 1.5in
NB
600 maximum
20 maximum
Water
Nonpotable
Water
Potable
100
psig
Steam
Air
Hydrocarbons
HF Acid
Brine
Boss White
Boss Green
Boss Graphite
Boss Magnesia
Stag A
Stag B*
PTFE Paste Gold End
Capaltite
* Stag B is recommended for use in corroded or poorly machined threads, but only when
the preferable alternative of a correctly made, good condition joint is not feasible.
UKCSTI032_039.ai
Screwed Unions
When pipe rotation is not permissible or practicable, for example when joining a screwed
pipe system, a screwed union is used. A threaded ring nut connects the two halves of
the union and the seal is made by metal-to-metal contact of the profiled faces shown
below. The two halves of the union may either be screwed or socket welded to the pipe,
as permitted by the pipe specification.
'A'
MATING SURFACES
FOR SEAL
HEXAGON NUT, SCREWS

ONTO PART 'A' TO PULL
UP AND MAKE THE SEAL
TWO HALVES OF
UNION SCREWED
TO PIPE
UKCSTI032_040.ai

8-3
UKCS-TI-032
Screwed Joints Specification and Identification

Nominal Pipe Size
Always to be specified (only Sch 80 and above pipe to be threaded).
Thread
Whether NPT, Nominal Pipe Size (NPS), BSP etc. The only reliable way to identify a
thread is by using a profile gauge.
Note: NPT and NPS are 60 thread angles while BSP is a 55 thread angle.
UKCSTI032_041.ai
Screwed Joints Dos and Donts

Dos
Take care when unscrewing a joint, even though the system may have been
depressurised
- The seal on a union type joint breaks as soon as the ring nut is slackened
- Threaded joints continue to seal until the threads finally release, giving no warning
of internal pressure. It is therefore particularly important not to stand in front
of plugs or caps when slackening them
Prior to making a joint, check for thread damage, correct profile and correct
engagement. Check with thread gauge if necessary
Before applying any thread compound, a threaded joint should be made up dry by
hand. For pipe sizes up to 1 1/2in NB, ensure that at least four to five threads engage

8-4
UKCS-TI-032
The use of PTFE tape should be restricted to non-hydrocarbon service and local rules
might also impose pressure limitations
- If using PTFE tape, ensure that you are using heavy duty PTFE tape (0.2mm thick)
on the mechanical (as opposed to instrument) threaded joints. Wrap the tape in a
clockwise direction, no more than two layers thick and starting at the end of
the pipe
- If using a liquid thread compound, follow the manufacturers recommendations.
Some compounds have restricted use and others require a setting time
When wrenching up screwed joints from hand-tight, for pipe sizes up to 1 1/2 NB at
least three more threads should be engaged (at least seven to eight threads engaged
in total). For larger pipe sizes, thread engagement should be checked from ANSI
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
It may be necessary to use a threadlocking compound on the lock nut of union type
joints. This prevents them from loosening due to vibrations
Donts
Do not cross threads, force screwed joints together or attempt to mate unmatched
threads. A seal will not be made
Do not use PTFE tape on threaded plugs
Do not make a seal by applying excessive PTFE tape to threaded joints. If a seal
cannot be made, the threads are probably damaged and new threads should be cut
on a fresh section of pipe
PTFE tape should never extend beyond or overhang the first thread on a joint as tape
could shred and enter the fluid system

8-5/6
UKCS-TI-032
Section 9
Paragraph
Page
Introduction
9-1
References
9-2
Compression Fitting Specification and Identification
9-3
Compression Fittings Dos and Donts
9-3
9-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
Introduction
Compression fittings are predominantly used on instrument pipework. There are
numerous designs available but that used most by BP for low pressure instrument
duties is the Swagelok double ferrule compression fitting. Other types of compression
fittings are used on high pressure and/or hydraulic duties.
The Swagelok compression fitting comprises four parts a nut, a back ferrule, a front
ferrule and a body. When making a connection from new parts, the action of tightening
the nut results in both the front and back ferrules swaging the tube. In particular,
the back ferrule acts as a wedge and forces the front ferrule against the tube. This
swaging process usually requires about 1 1/4 turns of the nut from hand-tight to achieve.
No torque is transmitted to the tube when tightening the nut. The tube will therefore not
require restraint and there is no initial strain which would otherwise weaken the tube.
Once the compression fitting has been made, it may be repeatedly undone and
retightened with no adverse effects to its sealing capability. As the tube will have already
been swaged, only a 1/4 turn of the nut from hand-tight will be required to make the seal.
Note that the front and back ferrules on a correctly swaged tube (when dismantled)
should both be free to rotate.
Instrument pipe specifications are available and should be used to specify material
requirements in exactly the same manner as with pipe and pipe fittings. The appropriate
instrument piping specification will be referenced in the piping specification for a
particular pipe class. Hence it is necessary to identify the pipe class of the pipework to
which the instrument fittings are connected.
Some minimum requirements for compression fittings (eg training and competence
requirements, site standardisation and segregation policies) are contained in
Hydrocarbon Release Reduction (UKCS-SOP-012).
9-1
UKCS-TI-032
STAINLESS STEEL OD PIPE
NUT
BACK
FERRULE
FRONT
NPT THREAD
FERRULE
BODY
UKCSTI032_042.ai
References
Hydrocarbon Release Reduction (UKCS-SOP-012)
GP 30-25 Guidance on Practice for Field Instruments General
RP 30-10 Recommended Practice for Selection, Supply and Installation of Compression
Fittings
UKOOA/IP Guidelines for the Management, Design, Installation and Maintenance of
Small Bore Tubing Systems
9-2
UKCS-TI-032
Compression Fitting Specification and Identification

Fitting Manufacturer
State the manufacturer and the manufacturers reference code for the particular
fitting that you require. Refer to the instrument piping specification.
Tube Outside Diameter
CARE!! Metric and imperial compression fittings are incompatible. Refer to the
instrument pipe specification to check which is used.
Tube Wall Thickness
Normally not required. If in doubt about what appears to be a very thick or thin wall,
check with the manufacturer, as they normally set limitations on the tube
wall thickness.
Pressure
Again, not normally required but quote if in doubt. Other types of compression fittings
will be specified for high pressure applications.
Fitting Material
Must be quoted and will be as specified in the instrument piping specification.
Fitting Body Connection
Dependent on the application. A variety of body connections are available and must
be quoted to complete the description of the compression fitting, eg male National
Taper Pipe Thread (NPT) straight, elbow or tee connectors, female connectors for
parallel pipe thread, unions, reducing unions etc.
Compression Fittings Dos and Donts

Dos
Ensure that the compression fitting is free of dirt or any foreign material. The tube to
be fitted must also be clean. The tube end must be cut square and any burrs should
be removed
Follow the manufacturers recommended procedure for tightening up the fitting when
new. Swagelok compression fittings generally require 1 1/4 turns of the nut from
finger-tight to obtain an effective seal (small tubing 2, 3 and 4mm only requires
a 3/4 turn)
Once tightened, check the gap between the nut and the body of the fitting with a
Swagelok inspection gauge. If the gauge fits, then additional tightening of the nut
is required
When retightening a disconnected fitting, the nut will not require as much tightening
as when making the connection from new. Swagelok fittings require about 1/4 of a
turn from hand-tight to regain the seal. Use the inspection gauge to check
9-3
UKCS-TI-032
Metric and imperial compression fittings are incompatible, therefore check which is
being used. Swagelok metric compression fittings have a stepped shoulder machined
on the nut hex and the body hex. The letters MM will also be stamped on shaped
body fittings
Donts
Do not combine or mix parts from various compression fitting manufacturers.
The components may have different dimensions and tolerances and a seal will be
difficult to achieve
Never turn the fitting body to make up the joint. The body should be held and the
nut rotated
Do not use stainless steel tubing with brass fittings. The metal tubing material should
either be the same or softer than the fitting material
Do not use tubing which is scratched, depressed or deformed. Similarly, do not force
oval tube into a fitting. The tube should be cut back to sound material
Do not use PTFE tape or any other thread sealing compound between the nut and the
body of the compression fitting
Never bleed down a system by loosening the compression fitting nut
9-4
UKCS-TI-032
Section 10
Paragraph
Page
Introduction
10-1
Selection of Elastomeric O-rings

2.1 Service Duty
2.2 Design of Joint
10-1
10-1
10-2
Elastomeric O-ring Failures
10-2
Elastomeric O-rings Specification and Identification
10-3
Installation of Elastomeric O-rings Dos and Donts
10-4

10-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
Introduction
This section only applies to O-rings used on static seals such as bolted covers and joints.
Dynamic seals, as found on pump shafts for example, are not covered.
The sealing arrangement on a static seal typically involves a groove cut into the face of
the joint surface and into which the O-ring is placed. The O-ring will stand slightly proud
of the groove until axially compressed by the closure cover, thereby making the seal.
Once bolted up, application of pressure forces the O-ring across the groove and
increases its sealing effect. Hard backup rings may be used to prevent the O-ring
extruding into the clearance gap between the joint surfaces.
UNBOLTED
BOLTED UP
PRESSURE APPLIED
HARD BACKUP
RING INCLUDED
UKCSTI032_043.ai
Selection of Elastomeric O-rings

Selection of elastomeric O-rings always needs careful attention. Selection is normally
made by the designer of the joint who will consider both the service duty and the joint
design as follows:
2.1
Service Duty
Fluid, including any Contaminants and/or Additives

Certain elastomers may be susceptible to chemical attack, for example by H2S,
methanol or glycol.
Always check chemical resistance of a variety of elastomers and plastics (refer to
Addendum 1 Paragraph 4).
Temperature Range
Elastomers have operating temperature ranges outside which their desirable
properties may degenerate. For example, chemical hardening at high temperatures or
brittleness at low temperatures.

10-1
UKCS-TI-032
Pressure Range
Note that certain operating conditions can produce a full vacuum and may require a
special joint design.
Any Transient or Cyclic Conditions, including the Number of Cycles
For example, rapid decompression or blowdown may have serious consequences on
certain gas permeable O-rings. Special grades of elastomer are available where
explosive decompression might be a problem (refer to Explosive Decompression
Damage in Paragraph 3).
Required Operating Life
Note that ozone, UV light, radioactivity, heat and oxygen may result in premature
ageing and gradual loss of properties even before installation.
2.2
Design of Joint
Deformation of the O-ring

There is an optimum compression for O-rings used in static seals, above or below
which permanent deformation and loss of sealing capability may result.
Hardness of the O-ring
Hardness of elastomers is measured in units of Shore A or D, or in International
Rubber Hardness Degrees (IRHD). In general, harder O-rings are selected for higher
pressures and/or to reduce extrusion; softer O-rings are selected for lower pressures.
Clearance Gap
The clearance gap of the joint depends on machining tolerances, eccentricities and
metallic breathing. Poor machining may result in extrusion damage of the O-ring.
Use of Backup Rings
Hard backup rings may be specified to reduce or eliminate O-ring extrusion, typically
for higher pressures and/or softer O-rings.
Elastomeric O-ring Failures

The following examples of O-ring failure may be a result of incorrect O-ring specification
or poor joint design and manufacture. O-rings removed from joints should always
be checked for evidence of such failure. Failed O-rings should be kept safe for
further investigation.

10-2
UKCS-TI-032
Extrusion Damage
Extrusion is characterised by peeling or nibbling of the O-ring surface. The O-ring
extrudes too far into the clearance gap and shears.
UKCSTI032_044.ai
Compression Set Failure

The O-ring loses its elastomeric memory and flattens.
UKCSTI032_045.ai
Explosive Decompression Damage

Under high pressure, gases may diffuse into the elastomer. On rapid decompression,
the absorbed gases expand quickly and cause blistering and rupture of the O-ring.
UKCSTI032_046.ai
Elastomeric O-rings Specification and Identification

O-ring Manufacturer, O-ring Trade Name and Grade
This information should be specified on the schematic, arrangement drawing or parts
list associated with the equipment being maintained.
O-ring Type
Fully moulded O-rings should always be specified.
O-ring Dimensions
These will also be specified on the relevant schematic, arrangement drawing or
parts list.
Backup Rings
These should only be used when indicated on the relevant schematic or drawing.
Dimensions and material specification will also be specified.

10-3
UKCS-TI-032
Service Duty
When appropriate, full service details should be provided, eg for supply of
new equipment.
In particular, service duty details should be provided when the original O-ring
specification is unknown or if considering use of a different O-ring specification.
The equipment manufacturer must be consulted and confirmation that the O-ring is
suitable for the service duty should be sought. Any proposed material must then be
endorsed by the relevant Technical Authority.
Installation of Elastomeric O-rings Dos and Donts

Dos
Prior to installation, check for the correct material specification, trade name and
manufacturer. Check that the O-ring (and backup ring if specified) is the correct size,
undamaged and clean. Template gauges are recommended for checking larger
O-ring sizes
Follow the manufacturers recommended installation instructions. This applies to both
the O-ring manufacturer and the equipment manufacturer
Check the condition of the ring groove and any bearing surfaces. Ensure that they are
thoroughly cleaned with a recommended cleanser and dried before installation of
the O-ring
CAUTION:
MANY CLEANING OR DEGREASING AGENTS MAY CHEMICALLY

ATTACK THE ELASTOMER.
O-rings may be lubricated only where specified lubricants are recommended by

the supplier
Always use fully moulded O-rings
Take care not to cut, pinch or shear an O-ring when assembling the joint
Donts
Never force or stretch the O-ring into a groove for which it is not specifically designed
Do not use unmarked O-rings or O-rings that have not been stored in the suppliers
packing
Do not install an O-ring with an expired shelf life
Do not make up an O-ring joint if the previous O-ring showed evidence of failure.
Check with the Engineering Department first
Never cut O-rings to size and then glue or bond back together
Do not estimate O-ring dimensions from the groove dimensions. Only use the
schematic, arrangement drawing or parts list for the equipment you are dealing with
Do not reuse hard backup rings. New backup rings must be fitted when installing
new O-rings

10-4
UKCS-TI-032
Addendum 1
Paragraph
Page
Bolts Material Specifications
Chemical Resistance Selected Elastomers and Plastics

Add 1-i/ii
UKCS-TI-032
Bolts Material Specifications

Working
Temp C
Min
Max
-20
400
-100
Alloy Type
Material Specification
and Bolt Grade
Nut Grade
BS
ASTM
BS
ASTM
1% Chromium
Molybdenum
4882
B7
A193
B7
4882
2H or 4
A194
2H or 4
400
1% Chromium
Molybdenum
4882
L7
(Impact Tested)
A320
L7
(Impact Tested)
4882
K4
A194
4
(Impact Tested)
-20
520
1% Chromium
Molybdenum Vanadium
4882
B16
A193
B16
4882
7
A194
7
-200
575
Austenitic Chromium
Nickel 18/8
(Type 321 and 347)
4882
B8T, B8TX, B8C
and B8CX
Aa193/A320
B8T and B8C
4882
8T and B8C
A194
8T and 8C
-200
575
Austenitic Chromium
Nickel 18/8
(Type 304)
4882
B8
Aa193/A320
B8
4882
8
A194
8
-200
600
Austenitic Chromium
Nickel Molybdenum
(Type 316)
4882
B8M
Aa193/A320
B8M
4882
8M
A194
8M
-200
600
Precipitation Hardening
Austenitic Nickel
Chromium
4882
B17B
4882
17B
-250
750
Nickel Chromium
Titanium Aluminium Alloy
4882
B80A
80A
AMBIENT
Austenitic Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum Copper
B473
(UNS-N08020)
AMBIENT
Duplex Stainless Steel

Higher Chromium
(UNSS-S32550)
AMBIENT
Duplex Stainless Steel
A276
(UNS-S31803)
AMBIENT
Nickel Copper Alloy
3076
NA13
B164
(UNS-04400)
AMBIENT
Nickel Copper Alloy

3076
NA18
(SAE AMS 4676)
UKCSTI032_047.ai

Add 1-1
UKCS-TI-032

Hydraulic bolt tensioning shall be used for the following:
Nominal Bolt Diameter
Condition
50mm (2in) and over
All joints
38mm (1 1/2in) and over
Class 600 and over

Hydrogen service
Toxic service
25mm (1in) and over
Joints subject to high temperature or cyclic duties

Joints with a leakage history
Joints where high accuracy is required
Other duties specified by BP
Chemical Resistance Selected Elastomers

and Plastics
The following tables are intended as guidance only. Further specialist advice is available
on http://elastomers.bpweb.bp.com and from company experts.
Key to Performance
Code
Rating
Good
Fair
Satisfactory only if low temperature and/or low level

of chemical.
Poor
Performance depends on required life and level

of chemical.
Bad
No tolerance to chemical DO NOT USE.
Unknown

Add 1-2
Significance
Satisfactory performance in relatively high level
of chemical.
No data available.
2
2
1
4
-45
100
METHANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
H2S (< 80oC and < 100ppm)
H2S (> 150oC and > 15%)
TEMPERATURE LIMITS
Normal Low Temp Duty (oC)
Normal High Temp Duty (oC)
-30
90
-30
120
1
1
2
4
-40
135
1
1
2
4
-25
150
1
1
1
4
-40
150
4
2
1
4
-20
200
1
2
2
3
10
230
1
2
1
2
0
230
1
1
1
1
-190
200
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
4
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
2
5
4
1
1
2
3
2
1
4
2
1
1
1
1
3
4
3
4
1
4
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
2
4
1
2
4
2
4
5
4
4
4
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
4
1
4
2
4
2
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
4
3
3
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
3
2
4
3
3
2
3
2
4
3
3
OIL-BASED MUD
WATER-BASED MUD
WATER
STEAM
INHIBITORS Amines
COMPLETION FLUIDS CaCl/CaBr
ZnBr
K2CO3
BRINE Seawater
CONTROL FLUIDS Mineral Oils
Glycol Based
ALCOHOLS Methanol
ACIDS HCI (dilute)
HCI (concentrated)
HF (< 65% cold)
Acetic Acid (Hot)
SURFACTANTS
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
TRADE NAME
OIL Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Crude Oil (< 120oC)
Crude Oil (> 120oC)
SOUR CRUDE OIL
SOUR NATURAL GAS
ETFE
E/TFE FluoroPolymer
TEFZEL
FFKM
Perfluoroelastomer
CHEMBRAZ/KALREZ
FCM
TFE/P Fluoroelastomer
AFLAS
FKM
VDF Fluoroelastomer
VITON
EPDM
Ethylenepropylene-diene
NORDEL
HNBR
Hydrogenated
Nitrile
THERBAN
ECO/CO
Epichlorohydrin
HYDRIN
CR
Polychloroprene
Rubber
NEOPRENE
MATERIAL CODE
CHEMICAL NATURE
NBR
Nitrile
Rubber
BUNA-N
-190
250
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PEEK
Polyetheretherketone
VICTREX
UKCSTI032_048.ai
-190
290
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PTFE
Polytetrafluoroethylene
TEFLON
ENGINEERING PLASTIC BACKUP MATERIALS
AE/AU
Polyurethane
Rubber
ADIPRENE
ELASTOMERIC SEALING MATERIALS

UKCS-TI-032

Add 1-3/4
UKCS-TI-032
Addendum 2
Dimensional Data
Paragraph
Page
ASME B16.5 Basic Flange Dimensions

1.1 Basic Flange Dimensions for ASME B16.5 Class 150
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ASME B16.5 Flange Bolt Hole and Stud Bolt Dimensions

2.1 Flange Bolt Hole and Stud Bolt Dimensions for
ASME B16.5 Class 150
Ring Joint Facing and RTJ Gasket Dimensions

3.1 Ring Joint Facing and RTJ Gasket Dimensions for
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Dimensional Data
Add 2-i
UKCS-TI-032
Addendum 2
Dimensional Data (contd)
Paragraph
3.5
3.6
Page
Ring Joint Facing and RTJ Gasket Dimensions for

20
21
Normal Wall Thickness for Pipe Schedule Sizes
22
Table of Gauges
24
Decimal Equivalents of Fractions
25
Dimensional Data
Add 2-ii
UKCS-TI-032
ASME B16.5 Basic Flange Dimensions

X
SLIP-ON
WELDING
tf
SOCKET
WELDING
tf
LAPPED
tf
O
WELDING
NECK
Y
tf
tf
BLIND
UKCSTI032_049.ai
Dimensional Data
Add 2-1
PIPE
100
38
14
16
51
9.6
90
30
14
16
46
Thickness of Flange tf
Outside Diameter
of Flange O
Diameter of Hub X
Slip-on
Lapped
Welding Neck
11.2
26.7
21.3
Outside
Diameter
3/4
1/2
1 1/4
54
17
16
49
110
22
60
56
21
19
21
78
65
59
62
25
24
150
17.5
60.3
125
15.9
48.3
11/2
115
12.7 14.3
33.4 42.2
68
29
27
90
180
20.7
73
21/2
3 1/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
68
30
29
108
190
22.3
70
32
30
122
215
22.3
75
33
32
135
230
22.3
87
36
35
164
255
22.3
87
40
38
192
280
23.9
100
44
43
246
345
27
100
49
48
305
405
28.6
113
56
54
365
485
30.2
125
79
56
400
535
33.4
125
87
62
457
595
35
138
97
67
505
635
38.1
151
111
81
663
815
46.1
UKCSTI032_050.ai
143
103
71
559
700
41.3
88.9 101.6 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.2 508 609.6
Notes: (1) Socket weld flanges only specified for 1/2 to 3in NPS Dimension Y as for slip-on flanges.
(2) All dimensions in mm except NPS in inches.
(3) Raised face thickness for RF flanges = 2mm. Refer to Addendum 2 Paragraph 3 for RTJ flanges.
FLANGE
Dimensional Data
Add 2-2
Length Through
Hub Y
1.1
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032
Basic Flange Dimensions for ASME B16.5 Class 150
PIPE
115
48
24
25
56
12.7
95
38
21
22
51
Outside Diameter
of Flange O
Diameter of Hub X
Slip-on
Lapped
Welding Neck
14.3
26.7
21.3
Outside
Diameter
3 /4
1 /2
11/4
60
27
25
54
125
155
70
29
30
67
64
25
27
64
19.1
48.3
11/2
135
15.9 17.5
33.4 42.2
68
33
32
84
165
20.7
60.3
75
38
37
100
190
23.9
73
2 1 /2
3 1 /2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
78
43
41
117
210
27
79
44
43
133
230
28.6
84
48
46
146
255
30.2
97
51
49
178
280
33.4
97
52
51
206
320
35
110
62
60
260
380
39.7
116
95
65
321
445
46.1
129
102
71
375
520
49.3
141
111
75
425
585
52.4
144
121
81
483
650
55.6
157
130
87
533
710
58.8
167
152
105
702
915
68.3
UKCSTI032_051.ai
160
140
94
587
775
62
88.9 101.6 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.2 508 609.6
FLANGE
Length Through
Hub Y
1.2
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032
Dimensional Data
Add 2-3
PIPE
115
48
14.3
95
38
Outside Diameter
of Flange O
Diameter of Hub X
25
57
22
52
Lapped
Welding Neck
25
22
Slip-on
15.9
26.7
21.3
Outside
Diameter
3/4
1/2
11/4
62
27
27
54
125
67
29
29
64
135
17.5 20.7
33.4 42.2
70
32
32
70
155
22.3
48.3
11/2
73
37
37
84
165
25.4
60.3
79
41
41
100
190
28.6
73
21/2
31/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
83
46
46
117
210
31.8
86
49
49
133
230
35
102
54
54
152
275
38.1
114
60
60
189
330
44.5
117
67
67
222
355
47.7
133
76
76
273
420
55.6
152
111
86
343
510
63.5
156
117
92
400
560
66.7
165
127
94
432
605
69.9
178
140
106
495
685
76.2
184
152
117
546
745
82.6
203
184
140
718
940
UKCSTI032_053.ai
190
165
127
610
815
88.9 101.6
88.9 101.6 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.2 508 609.6
FLANGE
Dimensional Data
Add 2-4
Length Through
Hub Y
1.3
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032
PIPE
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
70
114
54
54
102
Slip-on
Lapped
Welding Neck
70
159
44.5
127
79
79
190
350
50.8
140
86
86
235
380
55.6
162
114
102
298
470
63.5
184
127
108
368
545
69.9
200
143
117
419
610
79.4
213
156
130
451
640
85.8
216
165
133
508
705
229
190
152
565
785
88.9 101.6
292
267
203
749
1040
UKCSTI032_054.ai
248
210
159
622
855
108 139.7
88.9 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.2 508 609.6
127
Use Class 1500 dimensions
in these sizes
73
21/2
Diameter of Hub X
60.3
290
48.3
11/2
240
33.4 42.2
11/4
Outside Diameter
of Flange O
26.7
38.1
21.3
Outside
Diameter
3/4
1/2
FLANGE
Length Through
Hub Y
1.4
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032
Dimensional Data
Add 2-5
PIPE
130
44
35
35
70
22.3
120
38
32
32
60
Outside Diameter
of Flange O
Diameter of Hub X
Slip-on
Lapped
Welding Neck
25.4
26.7
21.3
Outside
Diameter
3 /4
1 /2
1 1 /4
73
41
41
52
150
44
83
73
44
41
41
105
70
64
102
57
57
215
38.1
60.3
180
31.8
48.3
11/2
160
28.6 28.6
33.4 42.2
105
64
64
124
245
41.3
73
2 1 /2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
117
73
133
265
47.7
124
90
162
310
54
156
105
197
375
73.1
171
119
229
395
82.6
368
585
451
675
495
750
213
143
254
178
283
219
298
241
311
260
552
825
108 123.9 133.4 146.1
Not specified for Class 1500
292
485
92.1
327
276
597
915
406
330
762
1170
UKCSTI032_055.ai
356
292
641
985
162 177.8 203.2
88.9 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.2 508 609.6
FLANGE
Dimensional Data
Add 2-6
Length Through
Hub Y
1.5
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032
PIPE
140
51
43
43
79
30.2
135
43
40
40
73
Outside Diameter
of Flange O
Diameter of Hub X
Slip-on
Lapped
Welding Neck
31.8
26.7
21.3
Outside
Diameter
3/4
1/2
11/4
89
48
48
57
160
35
60
111
52
95
60
127
70
70
95
79
73
52
235
50.9
60.3
205
44.5
48.3
11/2
185
38.1
33.4 42.2
143
79
79
114
265
57.2
73
21/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
168
92
133
305
66.7
203
420
92.1
235
485
108
305
550
375
675
190
108
229
130
273
152
318
178
419
229
464
254
441
760
127 165.1 184.2
Not specified for Class 2500
165
355
76.2
88.9 114.3 141.3 168.3 219.1 273 323.9
FLANGE
Length Through
Hub Y
16
18
20
24
UKCSTI032_056.ai
Class 2500 Flanges

not specified in these sizes
14
1.6
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032
Dimensional Data
Add 2-7
UKCS-TI-032
ASME B16.5 Flange Bolt Hole

and Stud Bolt Dimensions
UKCSTI032_057.ai
Dimensional Data
Add 2-8

4
4
4
3 3/ 4
3 1/ 4
85
5/8
3/ 4
70
1/2
5/ 8
70
2 1/ 2
3
3 1/ 2
4
5
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
90
90
5/8
3/4
90
90
5/8
3/4
95
4 1/ 2
100
3/ 4
7/ 8
4 3/ 4
110
3/ 4
7/8
12
115
7/8
12
5 1/ 4
120
7/ 8
12
5 3/4
135
1 1/ 8
16
5 3/ 4
135
1 1/ 8
16
6 1/4
145
1 1/8
1 1/4
20
7 1/4
170
1 1/ 4
1 3/8
UKCSTI032_058.ai
20
6 3/ 4
160
1 1/ 8
1 1/ 4
98.4 120.7 139.7 152.4 177.8 190.5 215.9 241.3 298.5 362 431.8 476.3 539.8 577.9 635 749.3
1 1/ 2
65
5 /8
1/ 2
88.9
1 1/ 4
79.4
Notes: Dimensions W and L in mm. All other dimensions in inches.
Number of Bolts
Ring Joint Flange
65
1/ 2
1/2
Diameter of Bolts B
55
5 /8
5/8
Diameter of Bolt Holes H
2mm Raised
Face Flange
69.9
60.3
Diameter of Bolt
Circle (PCD) W
3/ 4
1/ 2
Length of
Studbolts L
2.1
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032
Flange Bolt Hole and Stud Bolt Dimensions for

Dimensional Data
Add 2-9
Dimensional Data
Add 2-10
4
11/2
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
85
90
3/4
7/8
90
5/8
3/4
100
43/4
110
3/4
7/8
110
115
3/4
7/8
98.4 114.3 127 149.2 168.3 184.2 200
11/4
Number of Bolts
31/2
31/2
Ring Joint Flange
75
75
65
5/8
1/2
Diameter of Bolts B
2mm Raised
Face Flange
3/4
3/4
5/8

5/8
88.9
82.6
66.7
Diameter of Bolt
Circle (PCD) W
3/4
1/2
Length of
Studbolts L
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
120
12
51/2
120
3/4
7/8
12
140
7/8
16
63/4
160
11/8
16
71/4
170
11/8
11/4
20
71/2
180
11/8
11/4
20
190
11/4
13/8
24
81/4
195
11/4
13/8
24
10
230
11/2
15/8
UKCSTI032_059.ai
24
83/4
205
11/4
13/8
235 269.9 330.2 387.4 450.8 514.4 571.5 628.6 685.8 812.8
2.2
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032

11/2
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
10
12
95
41/4
110
3/4
7/8
120
41/4
110
5/8
3/4
125
3/4
7/8
140
53/4
145
7/8
165
12
63/4
170
11/8
12
73/4
190
11/8
11/4
16
81/2
215
11/4
13/8
20
83/4
220
11/4
13/8
98.4 114.3 127 149.2 168.3 184.2 215.9 266.7 292.1 349.2 431.8 489
11/4
31/2
31/2
Ring Joint Flange
Number of Bolts
90
5/8
90
5/8
1/2
Diameter of Bolts B
3/4
75
3/4
5/8
88.9
7mm Raised
Face Flange
82.6
66.7
Diameter of Bolt
Circle (PCD) W
3/4
1/2
Length of
Studbolts L
16
18
20
24
20
91/4
235
13/8
11/2
20
10
255
11/2
15/8
285
15/8
13/4
330
17/8
20
24
UKCSTI032_060.ai
24
103/4 111/2 131/4
275
15/8
13/4
527 603.2 654 723.9 838.2
14
2.3
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032

Dimensional Data
Add 2-11
Dimensional Data
Add 2-12
1
11/4
11/2
2
170
63/4
145
53/4
7mm Raised
Face Flange
Ring Joint Flange
11/8
7 /8
Number of Bolts
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
190
12
73/4
190
11/8
11/4
12
83/4
220
13/8
11/2
16
91/4
235
13/8
11/2
20
10/4
255
13/8
11/2
20
11
275
11/2
15/8
325
17/8
350
21/8
20
20
20
18
440
21/2
25/8
UKCSTI032_061.ai
20
111/2 131/4 141/4
285
15/8
13/4
190.5 235 279.4 317.5 393.7 469.9 533.4 558.8 616 685.8 749.3 901.7
Diameter of Bolts B
21/2
11/4
Use Class 1500

dimensions in these sizes
3/4
1/2
Length of
Studbolts L
2.4
Diameter of Bolt
Circle (PCD) W
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032


7/8
3/4
7/8
3/4
Diameter of Bolts B
41/2
41/4
Ring Joint Flange
11/2
125
51/2
140
11/8
125
115
110
7/8
7mm Raised
Face Flange
Number of Bolts
11/4
2
21/2
3
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
160
53/4
145
7/8
180
11/8
11/4
73/4
195
11/4
13/8
250
290
15/8
13/4
335
17/8
375
21/8
405
21/4
23/8
445
21/2
25/8
495
23/4
27/8
540
31/8
615
31/2
35/8
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
UKCSTI032_062.ai
16
101/2 123/4 131/2 151/4 161/4 181/2 203/4 221/4 251/2
260
13/8
11/2
88.9 101.6 111.1 123.8 165.1 190.5 203.2 241.3 292.1 317.5 393.7 482.6 571.5 635 704.8 774.7 831.8 990.6
82.6
Diameter of Bolt
Circle (PCD) W
3/4
1/2
Length of
Studbolts L
2.5
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032

Dimensional Data
Add 2-13
Dimensional Data
Add 2-14
4
11/2
150
63/4
180
11/8
170
11/8
11/4
Number of Bolts
51/2
43/4
Ring Joint Flange
140
7/8
125
3/4
3/4
Diameter of Bolts B
120
7/8
7/8
11/4
21/2
3
10
12
195
220
11/4
13/8
101/4
255
11/2
15/8
300
14
345
21/8
12
151/2
380
21/8
12
20
490
21/2
25/8
12
22
540
23/4
27/8
108 130.2 146 171.4 196.8 228.6 273 323.8 368.3 438.2 539.8 619.1
7mm Raised
Face Flange
95.2
88.9
Diameter of Bolt
Circle (PCD) W
3/4
1/2
Length of
Studbolts L
16
18
20
24
UKCSTI032_063.ai
Class 2500 Flanges

14
2.6
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032

UKCS-TI-032
Ring Joint Facing and RTJ Gasket Dimensions

Kmin
P
J
F
23
UKCSTI032_064.ai
Dimensional Data
Add 2-15
Flange Groove
Dimensional Data
Add 2-16
Notes:
Octagonal Ring Type

Joint Gasket
(1)
(2)
3/4
73
63.5
82.5
11/2
102
2
121
21/2
133
3
154
31/2
5
194
4
171
219
6
273
8
330
10
406
12
425
14
483
16
546
18
597
20
711
24
7.95
12.7
17
12.7
15
8.74
8.74
7.95
6.35
6.35
19
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
22
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
25
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
29
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
33
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
12.7
40
12.7
36
7.95
8.74
8.74
7.95
6.35
6.35
43
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
48
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
52
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
56
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
59
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
64
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
68
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
76
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
UKCSTI032_065.ai
72
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
47.63 57.15 65.07 82.55 101.6 114.3 131.78 149.23 171.45 193.68 247.65 304.8 381 396.88 454.03 517.53 558.8 673.1
11/4
All dimensions mm except NPS in inches.

Ring dimensions as per ASME B16.20.
R Number
Width
Width
Depth of
Groove
Width
Groove Pitch
Diameter
Diameter of Raised
Section
K
1/2
3.1
Class 150 Flanges not

specified in these sizes
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032

Notes:
Octagonal Ring Type

Joint Gasket
(1)
(2)
63.5
70
1
79.5
11/4
90.5
11/2
108
2
127
21/2
146
3
159
31/2
175
4
210
5
241
6
302
8
356
10
413
12
457
14
508
16
575
18
635
20
749
24
8.74
7.14
12.7
16
9.65 12.7
11
13
7.95
8.74
6.35
7.95
6.35
6.35
5.54
18
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
9.53 11.13
20
12.7
23
16
26
16
31
16
34
16
37
16
41
16
45
16
49
16
53
16
57
16
61
16
65
16
69
16
77
UKCSTI032_066.ai
73
17.53 20.57
7.95 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 12.7 15.88
8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 13.49 16.66
6.35
34.14 42.88 50.80 60.33 68.27 82.55 101.6 123.83 131.78 149.23 180.98 211.12 269.88 323.85 381 419.1 469.9 533.4 584.2 692.15
51
3/4

R Number
Width
Width
Depth of
Groove
Width
Groove Pitch
Diameter
Diameter of Raised
Section
K
1/2
3.2
Flange Groove
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032

Dimensional Data
Add 2-17
Dimensional Data
Add 2-18
Notes:
Octagonal Ring Type

Joint Gasket
(1)
(2)
63.5
70
1
79.5
11/4
90.5
11/2
108
2
127
21/2
146
3
159
31/2
175
4
210
5
241
6
302
8
356
10
413
12
457
14
508
16
575
18
635
20
749
24
8.74
7.14
12.7
16
9.65 12.7
11
13
7.95
8.74
6.35
7.95
6.35
6.35
5.54
18
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
9.53 11.13
20
12.7
23
16
26
16
31
16
34
16
37
16
41
16
45
16
49
16
53
16
57
16
61
16
65
16
69
16
77
UKCSTI032_067.ai
73
17.53 20.57
7.95 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 12.7 15.88
8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 13.49 16.66
6.35
34.14 42.88 50.8 60.33 68.27 82.55 101.6 123.83 131.78 149.23 180.98 211.12 269.88 323.85 381 419.1 469.9 533.4 584.2 692.15
51
3/4

R Number
Width
Width
Depth of
Groove
Width
Groove Pitch
Diameter
Diameter of Raised
Section
K
1/2
3.3
Flange Groove
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032

Notes:
(1)
(2)
Octagonal Ring Type

Joint Gasket
11/4
11/2
Use Class 1500

dimensions in these sizes
3/4

R Number
Width
Width
Depth of
Groove
Width
Groove Pitch
Diameter
Diameter of Raised
Section
K
1/2
2
181
4
216
5
241
6
308
8
362
10
419
12
467
14
524
16
594
18
648
20
772
24
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92 11.13 11.13 12.7
12.7 15.88
16
41
16
37
16
31
45
16
49
16
53
16
57
16
62
66
70
74
UKCSTI032_068.ai
78
20.57 20.57 23.88 23.88 31.75
11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 15.88 15.88 19.05 19.05 25.4
11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 16.66 16.66 19.84 19.84 26.97
7.92
123.83 149.23 180.98 211.12 269.88 323.85 381 419.1 469.9 533.4 584.2 692.15
156
3.4
Flange Groove
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032

Dimensional Data
Add 2-19
Dimensional Data
Add 2-20
Notes:
Octagonal Ring Type

Joint Gasket
(1)
(2)
Width
12.7
16
12.7 12.7
12
14
7.95
7.95
7.95
8.74

R Number
Width
8.74
8.74
18
12.7
7.95
8.74
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
229
318
8
371
10
438
12
489
14
546
16
613
18
673
20
794
24
9.53 11.13 11.13 14.27 15.88 17.48 17.48 17.48 20.62
248
20
12.7
24
16
27
16
35
16
39
16
44
16
46
50
54
58
63
67
71
75
UKCSTI032_069.ai
79
17.53 20.57 20.57 26.92 31.75 35.05 35.05 38.10 41.4
7.95 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 12.7 15.88 15.88 22.23 25.4 28.58 28.58 31.75 34.93
8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 13.49 16.66 16.66 23.01 26.97 30.18 30.18 33.32 36.53
6.35
194
6.35
168
Width
6.35
6.35
137
124
21/2
Depth of
Groove
92
39.67 44.45 50.8 60.33 68.27 95.25 107.95 136.53 161.93 193.68 211.14 269.88 323.85 381 419.1 469.9 533.4 584.2 692.15
81
11/2
71.5
11/4
Groove Pitch
Diameter
66.5
60.5
3 /4
Diameter of Raised
Section
K
1/2
3.5
Flange Groove
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)
UKCS-TI-032

Notes:
Octagonal Ring Type

Joint Gasket
(1)
(2)
73
82.5
1
102
11/4
114
11/2
133
2
149
21/2
168
3
203
4
241
5
279
6
340
8
425
10
495
12
7.92
7.92
9.52
18
13
21
16
23
16
26
16
9.53 11.13 12.7
12.7 14.27 17.48 17.48
12.7 15.88 19.05 19.05 22.23 28.58 31.75
28
32
38
42
47
51
55
60
17.53 17.53 20.57 23.88 23.88 26.92 35.05 38.10
7.95 11.13 11.13 11.13 12.7
12.7
16
7.92
8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 13.49 13.49 16.66 19.84 19.84 23.01 30.18 33.32
6.35
12.7 12.7
7.95
8.74
8.74
7.95
6.35
6.35
42.88 50.80 60.33 72.23 82.55 101.6 111.13 127 157.18 190.5 228.6 279.4 342.9 406.4
65
3/ 4

R Number
Width
Width
Depth of
Groove
Width
Groove Pitch
Diameter
Diameter of Raised
Section
K
1/2
16
18
20
24
UKCSTI032_070.ai
Class 2500 Flanges

14
3.6
Flange Groove
Nominal Pipe
Size (NPS)

UKCS-TI-032

Dimensional Data
Add 2-21
Dimensional Data
Add 2-22
5.54mm 5.54mm
8.10mm 8.10mm
8.56mm 8.56mm
3.91mm 3.91mm
5.70mm 5.70mm
6.02mm 6.02mm
33.4mm 1.72mm 2.77mm
42.2mm 1.72mm 2.77mm
48.3mm 1.72mm 2.77mm
60.3mm 1.72mm 2.77mm
73.0mm 2.11mm 3.04mm
88.9mm 2.11mm 3.04mm
101.6mm 2.11mm 3.04mm
114.3mm 2.11mm 3.04mm
1in
11/4in
11/2in
2in
21/2in
3in
31/2in
4in
7.01mm 7.01mm
7.62mm 7.62mm
5.49mm 5.49mm
4.85mm 4.85mm
4.55mm 4.55mm
3.91mm 3.91mm
5.16mm 5.16mm
3.56mm 3.56mm
3.38mm 3.38mm
2.87mm 2.87mm
7.1mm
5.08mm 5.08mm
3.68mm 3.68mm
26.7mm 1.72mm 2.11mm
3.73mm 3.73mm
3.20mm 3.20mm
3.02mm 3.02mm
3/4in
2.77mm 2.77mm
2.31mm 2.31mm
2.24mm 2.24mm
21.3mm 1.72mm 2.11mm
SCH
XS
2.41mm 2.41mm
SCH
80
1/2in
SCH
60
17.1mm 1.20mm 1.72mm
SCH
1.73mm 1.73mm
SCH
40
3/8in
SCH
30
13.7mm 1.20mm 1.72mm
SCH
20
1/4in
SCH
10
10.3mm
SCH
5
SCH
100
11.13mm
SCH
120
SCH
140
SCH
XXS
UKCSTI032_085.ai
13.49mm 17.12mm
15.91mm
11.13mm 15.24mm
9.52mm 14.02mm
8.74mm 11.07mm
7.1mm 10.16mm
6.35mm 9.70mm
6.35mm 9.09mm
5.54mm 7.82mm
4.78mm 7.47mm
SCH
160
1/8in
Nominal Pipe Outside

Size (NPS) Diameter
UKCS-TI-032
Normal Wall Thickness for Pipe Schedule Sizes
914.4mm
762.0mm 6.35mm
30in
36in
609.6mm
24in
SCH
140
8.0mm
8.0mm
12.7mm
12.7mm
SCH
XXS
22.22mm
21.4mm
9.52mm 12.7mm 9.52mm 16.66mm
29.3
34.92mm 39.6mm 45.24mm
12.7mm 26.19mm 30.95mm 36.51mm 40.48mm
12.7mm 23.8mm 27.0mm 31.75mm 35.71mm
11.07mm 14.28mm 9.52mm 19.1mm 23.8mm 12.7mm
19.1mm
9.52mm 11.07mm 9.52mm 15.08mm
8.38mm 10.31mm 9.52mm 14.28mm 17.48mm 12.7mm 21.43mm 25.4mm 25.58mm 32.0mm 25.4mm
7.80mm 9.27mm 9.27mm 12.7mm 15.08mm 12.7mm 18.26mm 21.43mm 25.4mm 28.58mm 25.4mm
23.0mm
18.26mm 29.5mm
15.88mm 19.1mm
SCH
160
9.52mm
15.88mm 19.1mm 9.52mm
15.88mm
12.7mm
12.7mm
UKCSTI032_086.ai
14.28mm 17.48mm 9.52mm 24.6mm 30.95mm 12.7mm 38.89mm 46.03mm 52.38mm 59.53mm
508.0mm
20in
14.28mm
12.71mm
SCH
120
6.35mm 9.52mm
8.0mm
6.35mm
457.2mm
18in
10.97mm 10.97mm
SCH
100
12.7mm 15.08mm 9.52mm 20.62mm 26.19mm 12.7mm 32.51mm 38.1mm 44.5mm 50.0mm
8.0mm
6.35mm
406.4mm
16in
SCH
XS
9.52mm 9.52mm
SCH
80
6.35mm 9.52mm
8.0mm
6.35mm
355.6mm
323.9mm 3.96mm 4.55mm 6.35mm
12in
14in
273.0mm 3.38mm 4.08mm 6.35mm
10in
SCH
60
7.04mm 8.18mm 8.18mm 10.31mm 12.7mm 12.7mm 15.08mm 18.26mm 20.63mm
219.1mm 2.77mm 3.73mm 6.35mm
8in
SCH
7.11mm 7.11mm
SCH
40
168.3mm 2.77mm 3.38mm
SCH
30
6in
SCH
20
6.55mm 6.55mm
SCH 10
141.3mm 2.77mm 3.38mm
SCH
5
5in
Nominal Pipe Outside

Size (NPS) Diameter

UKCS-TI-032
Dimensional Data
Add 2-23
UKCS-TI-032
Table of Gauges
Gauge
No
Imperial
Standard
Birmingham
Wire and Stubs
in
mm
in
mm
4/0
.400
10.160
.454
11.530
3/0
.372
9.448
.425
2/0
.348
8.839
.324
Gauge
No
Imperial
Standard
Birmingham
Wire and Stubs
in
mm
in
mm
23
.024
0.609
.025
0.635
10.795
24
.022
0.558
.022
0.558
.380
9.852
25
.020
0.508
.020
0.508
8.229
.340
8.636
26
.018
0.457
.018
0.457
.300
7.620
.300
7.620
27
.0164
0.416
.016
0.406
.276
7.010
.284
7.213
28
.0148
0.375
.014
0.355
.252
6.400
.259
6.578
29
.0136
0.345
.013
0.330
.232
5.892
.238
6.045
30
.0124
0.314
.012
0.304
.212
5.384
.220
5.588
31
.0116
0.294
.010
0.254
.192
4.876
.203
5.156
32
.0108
0.274
.009
0.228
.176
4.470
.180
4.572
33
.0100
0.254
.008
0.203
.160
4.064
.165
4.190
34
.0092
0.233
.007
0.177
.144
3.657
.148
3.759
35
.0084
0.213
.005
0.127
10
.128
3.251
.134
3.403
36
.0076
0.193
.004
0.101
11
.116
2.946
.120
3.048
37
.0068
0.172
12
.104
2.640
.109
2.769
38
.0060
0.152
13
.092
2.336
.095
2.413
39
.0052
0.132
14
.080
2.032
.083
2.108
40
.0048
0.121
15
.072
1.828
.072
1.828
41
.0044
0.111
16
.064
1.625
.065
1.651
42
.0040
0.101
17
.056
1.422
.058
1.473
43
.0036
0.091
18
.048
1.219
.049
1.244
44
.0032
0.081
19
.040
1.016
.042
1.066
45
.0028
0.071
20
.036
0.914
.035
0.880
46
.0024
0.060
21
.032
0.812
.032
0.812
47
.0020
0.050
22
.028
0.711
.028
0.711
48
.0016
0.040
UKCSTI032_090.ai
Dimensional Data
Add 2-24
Decimal
Fraction
Decimal
Fraction
Decimal
Fraction
Decimal
Decimal Equivalents of Fractions
Fraction
UKCS-TI-032
1/64
.015625
17/64
.265625
33/64
.515625
49/64
.765625
1/32
.03125
9/32
.28125
17/32
.53125
25/32
.78125
3/64
.046875
19/64
.296875
35/64
.546875
51/64
.796875
1/16
.0625
5/16
.3125
9/16
.5625
13/16
.8125
5/64
.078125
21/64
.328125
37/64
.578125
53/64
.828125
3/32
.09375
11/32
.34375
19/32
.59375
27/32
.84375
7/64
.109375
23/64
.359375
39/64
.609375
55/64
.859375
1/8
.125
3/8
.375
5/8
.625
7/8
.875
9/64
.140625
25/64
.390625
41/64
.640625
57/64
.890625
5/32
.15625
13/32
.40625
21/32
.65625
29/32
.90625
11/64
.171875
27/64
.421875
43/64
.671875
59/64
.921875
3/16
.1875
7/16
.4375
11/16
.6875
15/16
.9375
13/64
.203125
29/64
.453125
45/64
.703125
61/64
.953125
7/32
.21875
15/32
.46875
23/32
.71875
31/32
.96875
15/64
.234375
31/64
.484375
47/64
.734375
63/64
.984375
1/4
.25
1/2
.5
3/4
.75
1.0
UKCSTI032_091.ai
Dimensional Data
Add 2-25/26
UKCS-TI-032
Addendum 3
Torque Tables
The following tables contain recommended torque values for a range of standard ASME B16.5
or MSS SP44 flanges (made from materials with a minimum yield strength greater than
30,000lbf/in2), various gasket types Molykote 1000 lubricant (co-efficient of friction of 0.11) and
the following bolt materials: ASTM A193 B7, B7M and B16, ASTM A320 L7, L7M and L43.
For other flanges, gaskets, bolts or lubricants, please refer to Informate.
Sheet Gaskets Nitrile Rubber-based Reinforced eg Klingersil
Nominal
Bore
Class 150
Class 300
Class 600
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Nm
ft-lbs
Nm
ft-lbs
Nm
ft-lbs
1/2
30
22
30
22
48
35
3/4
30
22
59
43
94
69
36
26
59
43
94
69
1 1/4
48
35
94
69
105
78
1 1/2
48
35
165
121
185
137
94
69
94
69
105
78
2 1/2
94
69
165
121
165
121
117
86
165
121
185
137
94
69
165
121
329
243
165
121
185
137
441
325
185
137
296
218
714
526
10
263
194
441
325
897
662
12
263
194
642
474
897
662
14
392
289
571
421
1213
894
16
392
289
897
662
1593
1175
18
571
421
897
662
2044
1507
20
571
421
897
662
2044
1507
24
797
588
1593
1175
3194
2356
Note: All values are for lubricated bolts (co-efficient of friction = 0.11).
Torque Tables
Add 3-1
Torque Tables
Add 3-2
263
296
10
12
Note:
206
588
421
421
289
325
218
194
152
137
78
86
78
69
40
35
35
35
35
1593
897
897
897
642
642
441
296
185
185
165
165
94
165
94
94
94
48
1175
662
662
662
474
474
325
218
137
137
121
121
69
121
69
69
69
35
3194
2044
2044
1593
1213
897
897
714
441
329
185
165
105
185
105
94
94
48
Nm
2356
1507
1507
1175
894
662
662
526
325
243
137
121
78
137
78
69
69
35
ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 600
All values are for lubricated bolts (co-efficient of friction = 0.11).
797
185
24
105
571
117
20
105
571
94
18
54
392
48
16
48
441
48
14
48
ft-lbs
Nm
Nm
ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 300
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Nominal
Bore
Class 150
7738
4332
3549
2271
1770
1347
1347
1213
714
642
329
392
263
441
296
263
165
165
Nm
5707
3195
2618
1675
1306
994
994
894
526
474
243
289
194
325
218
194
121
121
ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 900
21675
13530
10383
7738
5599
4332
3549
2271
1347
997
714
489
329
489
329
296
185
165
Nm
15987
9979
7658
5707
4129
3195
2618
1675
994
735
526
361
243
361
243
218
137
121
ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 1500
11536
8598
4332
4332
1947
1096
714
538
785
538
329
206
185
Nm
8509
6341
3195
3195
1436
809
526
397
579
397
243
152
137
ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 2500
UKCS-TI-032
Spiral-wound Gasket with Graphite Filler

10
12
14
16
18
20
24
Note:

Nm

ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 600
All values are for lubricated bolts (co-efficient of friction = 0.11).

Nm
ft-lbs
Nm
ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 300
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Nominal
Bore
Class 150

Nm

ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 900

Nm

ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 1500

Nm

ft-lbs
Minimum
Bolt Torque
Class 2500

UKCS-TI-032
Ring Type Joint Gaskets
Torque Tables
Add 3-3/4
UKCS-TI-032
Addendum 4
Not applicable to this document.

Add 4-1/2

GN 42-002 - Piping Joint Handbook - January 2007

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Piping Joints Handbook

Authorisation for Issue

Technical Data Company and

Clamp Connectors and Compact

Bolting for Flanges and Covers

Spading and Blanking of Flanges

Screwed Piping Joints

Elastomeric O-ring Seals

Miscellaneous Technical Data

Terms of Reference and Audit Protocol

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

Authorisation for Issue

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

For Audit Use

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

First issue (document moved from SOP Bookshelf

Technical Authority changed from Chris Durden to

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

Holders of Controlled Hard Copy

Data Control Centre (DCC)

Document Technical Authority

G ABZ SMS Notifications

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

Review and Update

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

American National Standards Institute

Compressed Asbestos Fibre

Dye Penetrant Inspection

Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association

Magnetic Particle Inspection

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

Threads Per Inch

United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association

January 2007 Issue 2

Piping Joints Handbook

BP UKCS Safety Management System Documents

Example Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

January 2007 Issue 2

Technical Data Company and National Standards

Piping Joints Handbook

BP UKCS Safety Management System Documents

Metallic Piping Systems to ASME B31.3

New Pressure Vessels (Annex Q)

Pressure System Bolting

Supply of Gaskets and Joint Rings for Bolted Flanged Connections

Bolting for Flanged Joints (Inch Series)

Pipe Flanges and Fittings

Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)

ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Steel Pipeline Flanges

Factory-made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings

ASME B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded

Specification for Wellhead and Xmas Tree Equipment

ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges (NPS26 through NPS60)

Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings