NIKKI CARLYE B.

LOPEZ

2DMT

Ethnocentrism - is the belief that your own cultural or ethnic group is superior to other cultural or ethnic
groups. Within this ideology, individuals will judge other groups in relation to their own particular ethnic group
or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. It is the tendency to look at the
world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that that is in fact the "right" way
to look at the world. This leads to making incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on your
own norms, values, and beliefs.
Xenocentrism means a preference for the foreign. It is the exact opposite of ethnocentrism. It is the belief that
our own products, styles or ideas are necessarily inferior to those, which originate elsewhere. It is the
conviction that the exotic has a special charm, which the familiar can never achieve. It is based on the glamour
of the strange and faraway and the prestige of distant centers. * Perception of another culture was in some
way better than your own.

Cultural relativism means that the function and meaning of a trait are relative to its cultural setting. A trait is
neither good nor bad in itself. This is a method whereby different societies or cultures are analyzed objectively
without using the values of one culture to judge the worth of another. The central point in cultural relativism is
that in a particular cultural setting certain traits are right because they work well in that setting while other traits
are wrong because they would clash painfully with parts of that culture. Cultural relativism is the principle that
an individual person's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own
culture. A key component of cultural relativism is the concept that nobody, not even researchers, comes from a
neutral position. The way to deal with our own assumptions is not to pretend that they don't exist but rather to
acknowledge them, and then use the awareness that we are not neutral to inform our conclusions.

Culture shock is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
due to immigration or a visit to a new country, or to a move between social environments.
A subculture is just as it soundsa smaller cultural group within a larger culture; people of a subculture are
part of the larger culture, but also share a specific identity within a smaller group. It operate relatively smoothly
within the larger society
Countercultures - are a type of subculture that rejects some of the larger cultures norms and values. This
might actively defy larger society by developing their own set of rules and norms to live by, sometimes even
creating communities that operate outside of greater society. A counterculture is a subculture whose values
and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream
cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during
a well-defined era.
Culture lag is defined as the time between the appearance of a new material invention and the making of
appropriate adjustments in corresponding area of non-material culture.
Cultural universals are those guiding principles of human civilization that are so central to human identity that
we can find them, in some form, in all societies - past and present - around the world.