Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

International Burch University

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies
Department of Genetics and Bioengineering
Biomedical Instrumentation

HOMEWORK _No 1___

___ Basic electronic components____

Student:
Date:

Nermin uzi
16.10.2016

Sarajevo, October 2016

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Task 1: Find equivalent resistance for the following circuits:

a)

Well, in this scheme, we have combined connection of resistors. Resistors of 75 and 150 are
in parallel connection, and their equivalent resistance is in serial connection with other two
resistors of 125 and 175 .
Therefore we have the relation:

1
R 1 eq =

1
75

1
150 =

2+1
150

3
150

=> R1eq= 50

Now, we combine this equivalent resistor in serial connection with the other two, which will be
total equivalent resistance for this circuit.
Req total= (R1eq + 125 + 175) = (50 + 125 + 175) = 350
So, total equivalent resistance is 350
b)

In the second scheme, we have also combined connection, where resistors R1

and R2 of 42 and 75 are in parallel connection, and let's first determine their
equivalent resistance and mark it with R1eq. Since it is now a bit difficult to find a
least common denominator, we will use another formula for calculating total or
equivalent resistance of two parallel resistors:
R1eq=

R 1R 2
R 1+ R 2 =

42.0 75.0
42.0 +75.0

= 26.9 27.0

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Now we can notice that our equivalent resistor is in serial connection with two
resistors (R3 and R4) of resistance values 33.0 and 61.0 , so we will simply
sum them and to get R2 eq:

R2eq= R1 eq+R3 + R4 = 27.0 + 33.0 + 61.0= 121.0

Next step is calculating total resistance for our R2eq resistor and resistor R5
of 10.5 , which are in parallel connection to each other. Again we will use
formula that lacks reciprocal values, in order to obtain new equivalent
resistance R3 eq:
R3eq=

R 1R 2
R 1+ R 2 =

121.010.5
121.0 +10.5

= 9.7 10.0

And the last step is calculating the total equivalent resistance for the circuit
by summing R3eq and R6 of 35.0 , because they are in serial connection.
Req total = R3 eq + R6 = 10.0 + 35.0 = 45.0
In conclusion, total equivalent resistance is 45.0
c)

Fig 1.
In this case, we have somehow different and a bit difficult circuit compared to
previous two. It is complicated, because here, as we can see on the first sight,
we cannot do anything concrete, because we cannot just connect anything in
any connection. We have to use so called Delta Wye transformation to
simplify the circuit and we will do it with resistors on the right side of scheme
because there we have three resistors connected via two nodes and we have
one wire which can be transformed or modified. So what should I do here? I
will transform three resistors on the right side of 3, 2 and 5 kiloohms and their
delta shape convert into inverse wye(Y) shape (figure 1.b):

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Figure 1.a
Now, I have these three resistors in new arrangement, and their resistances
are also changed. I need to calculate their new resistance value by using
some formula for transformation:
RA =

R ABR AC
R AB+R BC+ R AC

2 k3 k
= 0.6 k
10 k

RB =

R ABR BC
R AB+ R BC +R AC

2 k5 k
=1
10 k

Rc =

R ACR BC
R AB+R BC+ R AC

3 k5 k
= 1.5
10 k

So after transformation we will have new scheme:

Figure 1.b
And now we can simply join resistors in serial and parallel connection. So, R3
and RC form one serial, while R2 and RB form another serial connection. Let's
marrk their equivalent resistances as R1 eq and R2 eq. Then, by joining these
two equivalents in parallel, we obtain R3 eq. Also R1 and RA are in series and
together make R4 eq. Then, by joining in series R3 eq and R4 eq we obtain R5
eq, and to finish this task, we calculate total resistance of circuit by joining R5
eq and R4 in parallel connection. It will look like this:

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

R1 eq= R3 + RC= (1.5 + 1.5)

R2 eq= R2 + RB= (5 + 1)

1
R 3 eq =

1
R 1 eq

1
R 2 eq

k = 3 k

k = 6 k

1
= 3 k

1
=
6 k

2+1
6

k =

1
2

k =>

R3eq= 2 k
R4 eq= R1 + RA= (1 + 0.6)

k = 1.6 k

R5 eq= R3eq + R4eq= (2 + 1.6)

R total eq =

R 5 eqR 4
R 5 eq + R 4 =

k = 3.6 k

3.610
3.6+ 10

= 2. 647 k

d)

Here we have combined connection again. We should primarily solve the

serial connection of resistors R3 and R4, then to connect its equivalent
resistor R1eq in parallel manner with resistor R2 and then its equivalent R2eq
in series with equivalent resistor R3eq from R5 and R6, which are arranged in
parralel connection, in order to obtain resistor R4eq . Then resistor R4 eq
should be connected in parallel with R7 to obtain R5eq, and we will finish this
task by connecting the last equivalent in series with R1 to obtain total
resistance (R total) whose value is equivalent to all these resistances.
R1eq = R3+R4= 470 + 1k = 1470 =1,47 k

Biomedical Instrumentation

R2eq =

R3eq =

R 1 eqR 2
Req 1+ R 2 =

R 5R 6
R 5+ R 6 =

Homework 1

1.47 k 4.7 k
1.47 k + 4.7 k

0.1 k 4.7 k
0.1k + 4.7 k

= 1.1 k

= 0.09 k

R4eq = R3eq + R2eq = 0,09 k + 1.1 k= 1.19k

R5eq =

R 4 eqR 7
R 4 eq+ R 7 =

1.19 k 2.2 k
1.19 k +2.2 k

= 0.77 k

Rtotal= R5eq + R1= 0,77 k + 2.2 k =2.97 k

So, total equivalent resistance in this circuit is 2.97 k

Task 2: Find equivalent capacitance for the following circuits:

a)

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Now we move to capacitors. So, if we pay attention to this scheme, we can notice two parallel
connections, one between 5 F and 5 F on the left side, and between 3 F and 3 F on the right
side of the scheme, to get C1eq and C2eq. Also we have one serial connection between three
capacitors in the middle of the scheme, which consist a capacitor C3eq. We have to connect C2eq
with one capacitor of 6 F under it in serial connection, to get C4eq and to connect it with C3eq in
parallel to get C5eq. And the last step is connecting C5eq with C1eq in series to get Ceq total.
C1eq = C1 + C2= 5 F + 5 F = 10 F
C2eq= C3 + C4 = 3 F + 3 F= 6 F

1
C 3 eq

1
C5

1
C6 +

1
C7 =

1
2 F

1
6 F

1
3 F

3+ 1+ 2
6 F

=>

C3eq= 1 F

1
C 4 eq

1
C 2eq

1
C8 =

1
6 F

1
6 F

1
3 F

=> C4eq= 3 F

C5eq= C3eq + C4 eq= 1 F + 3 F = 4 F

1
Ceq total

1
C 1eq

1
C 5 eq

1
10 F

2.85 F
Hence, total capacitance in the circuit is equal to 2.85 F.

b) Switch opened

1
4 F

2+5
20 F => Ceq total =

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Here we have somehow different circuit, where capacitors are in combined connection, but we
also have an opened switch. Well, in this case, when switch is opened, there is no current flow
then in that part of circuit, because in the place where switchi is situated, resistance is infinte and
flow of current is interrupted. Now, let's start connecting the capacitors.
C1eq=(4+8+12)F= 24 F
24 F6 F
C2eq = 24 F +6 F = 4.8 F
C3eq = (9+15) F = 24 F
24 F16 F
C4eq = 24 F +16 F = 9.6 F
Ctotal eq= (9.6+ 4.8) F = 14.4 F
Here we primarily connected in parallel connection three capacitors on the right side, which have
values of 4, 8 and 12 F to obtain C1 eq. Then we have to calculate serial connection between
C1eq and one capacitor of 6 F above it, in order to get C2 eq. Next step is calculating parallel
connection between capacitors on the left side with values of 9 and 15 F to get C3 eq which we
will later connect in serial connection with capacitor below with value of 16 F to get the C4eq.
And the last step is connecting C2eq with C4eq in parallel connection to get total equivalent
capacitance in circuit.

c) Switch closed

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Here, it is almost the same circuit or scheme as in previous task. Only difference is that here the
switch is closed. And there is also a mistake on the picture due to assistant :P
Now, since the switch is closed, there is the presence of current flow from the left to the right side,
unlike in previous example. Then we have, let's say, a normal circuit consisted of combined
conection between capacitors
Procedure is the same. We have to connect now 4 capacitors in parallel, which are situated on the
underside of the drawings. It is C1 eq. Also, 9 and 15 F capacitors are in parallel connection,
obtaining C2 eq. C2eq is parallel to capacitor of 6 F and it is C3 eq. And to finish calculations,
just connect C3eq with C1 eq in serial connection to obtain total equivalent capacitance.
C1 eq= ( 16+4+8+12) F = 40 F
C2eq = (9+15) F = 24 F
C3eq = (24+6) F = 30 F
40 F30 F
C total eq = 40 F +30 F = 17.1 F

Task 3: What would be the total current for task 1, a part? Use Ohm's law.

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. So, the formula is I
V
= R ;
Since we calculated the total resistance and it has a value of 350 and our
voltage is 70 V, it is easy to calculate current from equation, and current will
V
70 V
be: I = R = 350 = 0.2 A

Biomedical Instrumentation

Homework 1

Task 4: If a 9V battery is hooked up to a curcuit that has a current of 3A, what

is the total resistance? How would the current change if the resistance was
doubled?
V= 9 V
I= 3 A
R=?
I2=? IF R2=2R

I=

V
R

=> R=

V
I

9V
3A =3

If R2 = 2R then R2= 2*3 = 6

I2 =

V
R2 =

9V
6 = 1.5 A