Nusajaya

JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
November, 2012
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.
PROJECT TITLE
The title of the project assessed in this Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA)
study is called the Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor. UEM Land Sdn. Bhd .
(UEML) intends to develop a relatively large piece of `green field that still remains within
Nusajaya into new townships that will complement the overall development of the area. It is
aptly referred to as Gerbang Nusajaya due to its location in the particular direction from
Singapore. Gerbang Nusajaya covers an area of about 1,775 hectares (4,385 acres),
representing approximately 20% of Nusajaya. The western border of Gerbang Nusajaya lies
adjacent to the Sungai Pulai mangrove forest, which is declared as a Ramsar site. The
Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia has imposed a Detailed Environmental Impact
Assessment (DEIA) to be carried out prior to the projects implementation after taking into
account the sensitivity of the area.
2.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1
Project Location
The proposed project site, which is located in the western part of Nusajaya, is easily accessible
from the Second Link Expressway, as shown in Figure E1. Johor Bahru City Centre is about a
30-minute drive through the partly completed Coastal Highway and is only 20 minutes to Tuas
in Singapore via the Second Link bridge. Geographically, it lies approximately between 103
33 E and 103 36 E; and 1 22 N and 1 26 N.
2.2
General Site Descriptions
This subsection envelopes the existing site condition surrounding the proposed project area.
However, it does not detail the existing physical and biological systems of the area. The area is
further described as the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Gerbang Nusajaya;
Western Border (Sungai Pulai Ramsar);
Nothern Border (Gelang Patah Kampung Ulu Pulai);
Eastern Border (Leisure Farm Bandar Nusajaya); and
Southern Border (Port of Tanjung Pelepas Sungai Pendas).
DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-1

Figure E1
Project Site and Study Area

2.2.1
Gerbang Nusajaya
Currently, the project site is dominated by mixed agriculture land use.
2.2.2
Western Border
An important feature adjacent to the western border of the project site is the mangrove forest
of Sungai Pulai, a major part of which has been gazetted as a Ramsar site (International
Convention on Wetland). As shown in Figure E2, there are some mangrove forests outside the
Ramsar site which extend into the project site. There is also an Orang Asli (Orang Laut)
settlement at Kampung Simpang Arang that sits just outside the project site in the west.
2.2.3
Northern Border
The northern part is the most urbanized area compared to the other parts. Gelang Patah was
the major town of the area prior to the development of Nusajaya, the surrounding traditional
villages as well as the recently developed housing estates. The housing areas and villages in
Gelang Patah are listed below:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
Taman Nusa Perintis 1, 2, 3;

Taman Nusa Perdana;
Taman Gelang Emas ;
Taman Nusantara;
Taman Mas;
Taman Syed Idrus;
Kampung Baru Muafakat;
Kampung Baru;
Kampung Melayu;
Kampung Pulai; and
Kampung Ulu Pulai.
An aquamarine technology centre conducted by the Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) is

located at the river banks of Sungai Senapang. Sungai Gelang Patah is the river that drains
wastewater from the small but active town of Gelang Patah.
2.2.4
Eastern Border
The eastern border of the project site is mainly surrounded by the recently-developed area of
Leisure Farm and Bandar Nusajaya. Ledang Heights is situated at the northeast of the Gerbang
Nusajaya development. Bandar Nusajaya or Nusajaya City is a part of the Iskandar Malaysia
(IM) project which comprises of seven signature developments namely Kota Iskandar, the
Southern Industrial and Logistics Clusters (SiLC), Puteri Harbour Waterfront Development,
EduCity, Afiat Healthpark, International Destination Resort and Nusajaya Residences.

Figure E2
Mangrove Forest around the Project Site

2.2.5
Southern Border
The Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) is located at the near south of the projects boundary at the
river mouth of Sungai Pulai. It is the second port of Johor and a main cargo jetty in Malaysia.
Among the landmarks found within the area is the Sultan Abu Bakar CIQ (Customs,
Immigration and Quarantine) Complex located at the southern part of Gerbang Nusajaya. The
main access to this area is the Second Link Highway, which directly connects to Senai, Johor
Bahru and Singapore. Kampung Tiram Duku and Kampung Paya Mengkuang, which are
situated at the southern area, are the nearest settlements to Gerbang Nusajaya
(approximately 1 km). These small settlements are surrounded by oil palm plantations - a
major source of income for the local economy besides fishing.
Another notable mangrove forest close to the project in the southeast is Sungai Pendas. This is
a fisherman village near Tanjung Kupang, Johor. At the upstream of the river and within the
Iskandar Malaysia boundary, Sungai Pendas Mangrove Forest Reserve is one of the areas that
is environmentally sensitive. Sungai Pok Besar is one of the rivers flowing through the south of
Gerbang Nusajaya. Two settlements, namely Kampung Pok and Kampung Tanjung Kupang, are
located along this riverine.
2.3
Project Concept
The Nusajaya Masterplan, with the central theme of World in One City, recommends for the
area to have its own urban design guidelines to allow for a variety of prime residential
products that would cater to local as well as international demand. Gerbang Nusajaya will
adhere to the Nusajaya Masterplan which stipulates, among others, that housing districts are
to be based on the neighbourhood concept. Gerbang Nusajaya will also contribute towards
local housing needs by adhering to the Dasar Perumahan Rakyat Johor di Iskandar Malaysia
guidelines issued by the Johor state government. Specifically, the land use of the Gerbang
Nusajaya development will be as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Residential: villas and apartments;

Commercial: retail park, China Mall, general commercial, integrated hotel, automall,
spa & wellness;
Business Park;
Innovation Cluster: light industrial;
Public facilities: education, religious;
Recreation: general facilities, golden-age communities;
Protected green buffer, park and open space; and
Utilities, park and ride.
Gerbang Nusajaya will also create business opportunities as envisioned in the Masterplan.
2.4
Project Components
The land use coverage of various development components are shown in Table E1.

Table E1
Land Use Coverage of Various Development Components
Color
Code
RLR
RMR
RAA
Broad Land Use
Plot No#
Low Rise Residential

(Villa, Golf Community)
Site Area
2
Ha
Acre
390.9
3,908,655
966
20.9%
Golf Community
RLR01
181.6
1,816,359
449
9.7%
Villa
RLR02
185.2
1,852,072
458
9.9%
Villa
RLR03
5.6
56,150
14
0.3%
Villa
RLR04
18.4
184,074
45
1.0%
213.4
2,133,506
527
11.4%
Mid Rise Residential

(Condominium)
Condominium (Hospital 30acre)
RMR01
16.7
166,838
41
0.9%
Condominium
RMR02
56.1
560,599
139
3.0%
Condominium
RMR03
8.3
83,184
21
0.4%
Condominium
RMR04
10.2
102,424
25
0.5%
Condominium
RMR05
122.0
1,220,461
302
6.5%
58.2
582,268
144
3.1%
RAA01
32.9
328,638
81
1.8%
RAA03
7.0
70,003
17
0.4%
RAA04
18.4
183,627
45
1.0%
Affordable Apartment

Table E1 (contd)
Color
Code
Broad Land Use
Plot No#
Site Area
2
Ha
Acre
Community Facilities
Total
MIX
COM
Mixed Use***
127.2
1,272,309
314
6.8%
MIX01
13.7
137,164
34
0.7%
MIX02
3.5
35,202
0.2%
MIX03
13.4
134,126
33
0.7%
MIX04
14.2
142,255
35
0.8%
MIX05
36.9
368,824
91
2.0%
MIX06
4.6
46,260
11
0.2%
MIX07
24.0
239,771
59
1.3%
MIX08
16.9
168,707
42
0.9%
237.9
2,378,912
588
12.7%
Commercial
Park and Ride
COM01
9.0
90,057
22
0.5%
Retail Park
COM02
17.4
173,715
43
0.9%
Retail Park
COM03
3.5
34,948
0.2%
Retail Park
COM04
14.0
140,208
35
0.7%
Retail Park
COM05
5.3
52,562
13
0.3%
Commercial General (Institution)
COM06
8.5
84,901
21
0.5%
Auto Mall + Test Track
COM07
28.4
284,232
70
1.5%
Integrated Hotel
COM08
10.9
109,037
27
0.6%
Integrated Hotel
COM09
10.9
109,037
27
0.6%

Table E1 (contd)
Color
Code
ENT
IND
REC
Broad Land Use
Plot No#
Site Area
2
Ha
Acre
Asean Mall
COM10
33.7
337,205
83
1.8%
Auto Mall + Test Track
COM11
30.0
300,371
74
1.6%
Commercial General
COM12
4.4
44,398
11
0.2%
Auto Mall
COM13
27.2
272,317
67
1.5%
Spa and Wellness (Resort)
COM14
18.9
189,395
47
1.0%
Commercial General (Neighborhood)
COM15
10.4
104,033
26
0.6%
Commercial General (Neighborhood)
COM16
5.2
52,496
13
0.3%
109.3
1,093,261
270
5.8%
ENT01
41.7
416,889
103
2.2%
ENT02
38.8
387,502
96
2.1%
ENT03
28.9
288,870
71
1.5%
202.3
2,022,963
500
10.8%
IND01
152.7
1,527,007
377
8.2%
IND02
28.9
288,593
71
1.5%
IND03
20.7
207,363
51
1.1%
118
1,176,579
291
6.3%
REC01
15
149,693
37
0.8%
REC02
85
845,418
209
4.5%
REC03
18
181,468
45
1.0%
71.7
716,593
177
3.8%
169.1
1,690,933
418
9.0%
Enterprise
Mid Industries
Recreation
GRB
Green Buffer
POS
Parks and Open Space

(with retention pond)

Table E1 (contd)
Color
Code
UTL
RWS
Broad Land Use
Plot No#
Utility
Site Area
2
Ha
Acre
11.2
111,588
28
0.6%
UTL01
7.7
77,079
19
0.4%
UTL02
3.5
34,509
0.2%
1.5
14,763
0.1%
1.5
14,763
0.1%
Road
161.6
1,615,812
399
8.6%
TOTAL**
1,872
18,718,141.96
4,625.4
100%
Railway Station
RWS01
Note: Text in gray are for reference only, they are excluded from the calculations..
*All site areas are subject to final surveys.
**Total site area excludes CIQ staff quarters, Hector Klasik Parcel & 2 s

2.5
Project Options
As this project consists of many components such as residential areas, commercial areas,
roads and railways, many options were laid out in planning the Gerbang Nusajaya
development. They are:
(a)
(b)
(c)
2.5.1
Land use plan;

Sewage Treatment Plan (STP) discharge; and
Traffic and Transportation.
Land Use Plan
In the process of deciding the final land use plan, several options have been presented as the
followings:
2.5.1.1
Option 1
Land Use Plan as of 19th January 2012

The initial land use plan was presented as of 19th January 2012.
2.5.1.2
Option 2
Land Use Plan as of 23rd February 2012

The plan has been detailed and divided into respective areas namely commercial, residential
and industrial.
2.5.1.3
Option 3
Land Use Plan as of 9th March 2012

The industrial area has been reduced to make way for affordable houses. The affordable
houses will be in line with the 1Malaysia Housing Programme (PR1MA).
2.5.1.4
Option 4
Land Use Plan as of 11th April 2012

General commercial activities such as retail, office and recreation are located near the mid
rise residential areas.

2.5.1.5
Option 5
Land Use Plan as of 20th April 2012

Auto city will focus at the center of Gerbang Nusajaya. Asian malls will replace some mixed
use development area.
2.5.1.6
Option 6
Land Use Plan as of 23rd May 2012

Some commercial areas near the mid rise residential area is replaced by mixed use
development.
2.5.1.7
Option 7
Land Use Plan as of 8th June 2012

The mangrove fringing the residential area at the west seems to cross more into the project
boundary than expected. The buffer zone is still maintained.
2.5.2
STP Discharge
The STP is designed based on the Nusajaya Sewerage Master Plan (Figure 2.13). It is expected
to hold the capacity of 221,000 population equivalent (PE).
2.5.2.1
Option 1
Option 1 explores the possibility of treating the effluent to Class II (NWQS) and discharging
into Sungai Pok. The criteria details of Option 1 is summarised in Table E2.
Table E2
Criteria Details of Option 1
Criteria
Unit
Length of sewer line
Approximately 5.7 km (excluding marine outfall)
Diameter of sewer pipe
1.2 m
Marine outfall
500 m into the straits
Manholes
63 + 11 units
Pumping stations
3 units
Alignment through existing roads
Approximately 15 20 m reserve
Source: Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.

2.5.2.2
Option 2
Option 2 will explore the possibility of discharging into the marine outfall. The criteria details
of Option 2 is summarised in Table E3.
Table E3
Criteria Details of Option 2
Criteria
Unit
Length of sewer line
Approximately 4.7 km (excluding marine outfall)
Diameter of sewer pipe
1.2 m
Marine outfall
500 m into the straits
Manholes
52 + 18 units
Pumping stations
5 units
Alignment through existing roads
Approximately 10 15 m reserve
Source: Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.
2.5.3
Traffic and Transportation
The road alignment is designed based on the modelled trips generated from the development.
However, the estimated trips depend on the land use.
2.5.3.1
Option 1
Based on the land use in February, it is expected from general assumptions that morning trips
are 129,563 and evening trips are 174,386 (Table E4).
Table E4
Trip Generation (as of February Update)
2
NFA (m )
21,179,349.90
Trips (Vehicle)
AM
PM
129,563
174,386
Source: Halcrow
2.5.3.2
Option 2
The calculation is updated more accurately by taking into account the base case of Public
Transport (PT) Share of 33% with development morning trips of 80,500 vehicles and evening
trips of 96,400 vehicles (Table E5). This also takes the average within 5 years after completion.
Table E5
Trip Generation (Base Case) as of 9th March 2012
GFA (m2)
13,311,598
Trips (Vehicle)
AM
PM
80,500
96,400
Source: Halcrow

2.5.3.3
Option 3
Due to the land use has been changed, the expected trips too changed as depicted in Table
E6.
Table E6
Trip Generation (33% PT Share)
NFA (m2)
13,311,598
Trips (Vehicle)
AM
PM
77,300
92,400
Source: Halcrow
2.5.3.4
Option 4
As the land use is updated, the trip generation is changed. More traffic is generated from the
development. The road network plan with total trips for 10.5 million GFAs are as detailed in
Figure E3.
Source: Halcrow
Figure E3
Road Network Plan

2.6
Project Phases and Duration
The proposed project will follow through these phases to completion as stated below:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Phase 1A;
Phase 1B;
Phase 1C;
Phase 2A;
Phase 2B;
Phase 2C; and
Phase 3.
It is envisaged that the overall project will be completed in 20 years.
2.7
Project Activities
The main activities of the propose project during the pre-construction, construction and
operation phases will include the following:
(a)
Pre-construction Activities:
Land acquisition;
Resettlement; and
Survey works.
(b)
Construction Activities:
Temporary occupation;
Waste generation and management;
Site clearing removal and disposal of biomass;
Earthworks;
Slope/earth retaining structure;
Temporary drain and Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP);
Temporary roads;
Sub-structure construction;
Super-structure construction;
Roads and railways construction; and
Landscaping.
(c)
Operation Phase:
Solid waste generation and disposal;
Domestic wastewater generation;
Industry wastewater generation light industry and scheduled wastewater;
Maintenance of landscape, infrastructure and utilities;
Rainwater harvesting;
Occupation of residential areas and commercial activities; and
Traffic movement.

3.
STATEMENT OF NEED
The Johor Structure Plan (1998-2020) stipulates a balanced development across the various
regions in the State of Johor. This requires active development to be extended into areas
beyond the current urban centres like the city of Johor Bahru. The Nusajaya township is one of
the key components in this grand vision of the strategic development of south Johor.
Complementing this grand vision is the establishment of the Johor State New Administrative
Centre Kota Iskandar which is located within Nusajaya and officially opened on 16th April
2009. Being one of the high-impact projects under the Ninth Malaysia Plan and continuing
into the present Tenth Malaysia Plan, development of Iskandar Malaysia into becoming a
major regional economic hub is given high priority. Iskandar Malaysia is projected to draw
some RM47 billion in investments over the next five years, which in turn will help sustain the
high growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) of Johor in the future. Positive economic
spillover effects from Iskandar Malaysia are also anticipated for the nearby regions.
Gerbang Nusajaya, which sits at the western border, is perhaps the last remaining sizable
piece of land bank (covering about 2,100 ha) within Nusajaya that is yet to be developed. The
development of Gerbang Nusajaya will be in sync with and complement the vision of the
overall development of Nusajaya and Iskandar Malaysia. It will comprise of residential areas,
commercial and light industries. Due to its proximity with the Sungai Pulai Ramsar site, ample
and protected buffer zones will be reserved along the western border. These zones will be
utilised as nature reserve, parks and low impact recreational activities.
4.
EXISTING PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The project area refers to the Gerbang Nusajaya township development area that has been
allocated, proposed and planned for a mixed-development project which includes residential,
commercial, industrial, leisure and other institutional developments. Topographically, the land
is undulating throughout the project area. The major rivers draining the project area are
mostly located within the Ramsar site namely Sungai Pulai, Sungai Gelang Patah, Sungai Suka
Besar, Sungai Simpang Arang and Sungai Tiram Duku. Sungai Pendas is the only river that
flows straight into the Straits of Johor at the southeast characterised by thick mangrove
forest. The existing land of the project area is abundant with agricultural activities such as oil
palms or rubber plantations and a few orchards.
4.1
Geology
The deposits are composed primarily of alluvium from the Pleistocene and Holocene period.
Marine deposits of clay and silts underlie the Pulai Forest Reserve and the coastal plains of
Tanjung Kupang up to Sungai Pendas. The geology or soil of Sungai Pulai is characterised by
clayey alluvial soil or mud; which is readily erodible; that has high nutrient content and
retaining capacity.
4.2
Drainage
The river catchment in the development area is shown in Figure E4.

Figure E4
River Catchment in the Development Area

4.2.1
Sungai Gelang Patah Catchment
Sungai Gelang Patah drains the Gerbang Nusajaya in the north with the outlet into the Sungai
Pulai. The catchment area up to Sungai Pulai is about 3,100 ha with the main stream length of
about 11 km. Urbanisation of this catchment encompasses mostly the non-tidal areas in the
upper catchment, covering an area of about 1,900 ha. Within the Gerbang Nusajaya, Sungai
Pulai drains the catchment area of about 820 ha.
4.2.2
Sungai Pendas Catchment
The total catchment of Sungai Pendas is about 1,740 ha but the Gerbang Nusajaya occupies
only the hilly areas in the north eastern part of the catchment for about 258 ha. Sungai
Pendas flow approximately in the southerly direction before turning eastward at Ladang
Sungai Pendas and into Selat Johor. The lower reaches of the river meanders along the
pristine mangroves forest of the Hutan Simpan Pendas in the flat coastal plain.
4.2.3
Sungai Tiram Duku and Simpang Arang Catchments
Sungai Tiram Duku and Sungai Simpang Arang share the same outlet to Sungai Pulai in their
lower reaches. The catchment area of Sungai Tiram Duku and Sungai Simpang Arang are 1,268
ha and 962 ha respectively. The total area for the two river catchments is therefore 2,230 ha.
Within the Gerbang Nusajaya, the catchment area are about 307 ha and 528 ha respectively
for Sungai Tiram Duku and Sungai Simpang Arang. A large part of the catchment is occupied by
the mangrove swamps within the Hutan Simpang Sungai Pulai which in turn is part of the
Sungai Pulai Ramsar site. Both the main stream lengths are short but with relatively large river
width and deep river mouth.
4.3
Climate
The climate of the proposed site project is generally characterized as humid tropical with
uniform temperature, high humidity and copious rainfall. Humidity and temperature show
very little variation over the year and thus, it is difficult to divide into distinct wet and dry
seasons.

4.3.1
Relative Humidity
Mean Relative Humidity (%)
88.0
87.0
86.0
85.0
84.0
83.0
82.0
81.0
80.0
79.0
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Source: JBIA Meteorological Station
Figure E5
Relative Humidity (%) for a Period 2006-2011
4.3.2
Mean Temperature
27.2
27.0
Mean temperature (C)
26.8
26.6
26.4
26.2
26.0
25.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
25.0
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec
Month
Figure E6
Mean Monthly Temperature for a Period 2006-2011

4.3.3
Annual Wind Pattern
Mean Surface Wind Speed (m/s)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec
Month
Figure E7
Annual Mean Velocity Wind Pattern 2006-2011
4.3.4
Rainfall
A summary of the annual rainfall recorded from 2006 to 2010 is shown in Table E7.
Table E7
Mean, Maximum and Minimum of Monthly Rainfall (mm) Recorded for a Period 2006-2010
Rainfall
Mean
Jan
239.0
Feb
126.4
Mar
283.0
Apr
260.0
May
195.2
Jun
208.8
Jul
137.0
Max
Year of Max
396
2006
179
2007
478
2008
362
2008
240
2007
431
2007
202
2007
Min
Year of Min
35
2009
99
2008
136
2006
120
2009
113
2008
57
2009
67
2006
Source: DID Rainfall Station- Ladang Gunung Pulai
Table E7 (contd)
Mean, Maximum and Minimum of Monthly Rainfall (mm) Recorded for a Period 2006-2010
Rainfall
Mean
Aug
173.4
Sep
194.8
Oct
227.6
Nov
262.8
Dec
268.4
Annual
2576.4
Max
Year of Max
248
2008
329
2007
412
2008
363
2006
480
2006
4120
Min
Year of Min
101
2006
53
2009
116
2009
165
2010
91
2009
1153

4.4
Air Quality
This section describes the existing environmental air quality around the Gerbang Nusajaya
development. The environmental air quality monitoring was conducted from 24th to 26th
February and 25th May for Total Suspended Solids (TSP) and Ozone (O3) parameters
respectively.
Table E8
Coordinates of Air Quality Monitoring Stations
No
Latitude
Longitude
Description
A1
1 22' 35.63" N
103 35' 23.39" E
Kampung Paya Mengkuang
A2
1 23' 5.76" N
103 35' 56.73" E
Leisure Farm
A3
1 23' 45.77" N
103 35' 50.02" E
Leisure Farm
A4
1 26' 51.22" N
103 35' 51.88" E
Tmn. Dato' Syed Mohd. Idrus
A5
1 24' 50.68" N
103 34' 7.12" E
Kampung Simpang Arang
The results show that the baseline data is good and well within the limit required by
Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines.
4.5
Noise
This section describes the existing noise around the Gerbang Nusajaya development. The
baseline noise results were compared to the following construction noise criteria given in
DOEs Interim Guidelines for Maximum Permissible Sound Levels by Receiving Land Use
(Schedule 1 and 2).
For the purpose of this study, daytime and night-time shall be defined according to the DOE
Construction Noise Criteria, as follow:
(a)
(b)
Daytime: 0700 hours to 2200 hours; and

Night-time: 2200 hours to 0700 hours.
Table E9
Noise Monitoring Stations
No
Latitude
Longitude
Description
N1
1 22' 35.63" N
103 35' 23.39" E
N2
1 23' 5.76" N
103 35' 56.73" E
Leisure Farm
N3
1 23' 45.77" N
103 35' 50.02" E
Leisure Farm
N4
1 26' 51.22" N
103 35' 51.88" E
N5
1 24' 50.68" N
103 34' 7.12" E
Measurement
Parameters
15 mins for each
measurement for
LAeq, one in the day
time (7am to 11pm)
and one at night
(11pm to 7 am)
The baseline noise levels as per conducted on the 24th February to 29th February 2012. The
overall results were within the guideline limit of 65 dBA and 55 dBA.

4.6
Water Quality
Water quality sampling stations were established at seventeen (17) points in and around the
project site as tabulated in Table E10. A water quality baseline sampling was carried out on
23rd and 24th of February 2012.
At each sampling locations, water samples were collected by lowering the Van Dorn Water
Sampler according to the required water depths. The sampling depths are shown as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Surface: 1 m below the surface;

Middle: mid water depth; and
Bottom: 1 m above seabed.
Table E10
Coordinates for Water Quality Stations
No
Latitude
Longitude
W1
1 22' 7.69" N
103 32' 19.92" E
Sungai Pulai Downstream
W2
1 23' 32.68" N
103 33' 51.05" E
Sungai Tiram Duku Upstream
W3
1 24' 3.84" N
103 32' 35.79" E
Sungai Tiram Duku downstream
W4
1 24' 36.71" N
103 33' 22.16" E
Sungai Simpang Arang Upstream
W5
1 25' 20.10" N
103 33' 3.93" E
Sungai Suka Besar upstream
W6
1 25' 14.46" N
103 32' 38.35" E
Sungai Pulai Midstream
W7
1 26' 25.73" N
103 35' 6.28" E
Upstream Sungai Senapang
W8
1 26' 27.07" N
103 34' 40.33" E
Downstream of Sungai Gelang Patah
W9
1 26' 45.05" N
103 34' 59.88" E
Org Asli Village at Sungai Gelang Patah
W10
1 26' 44.54" N
103 35' 27.63" E
Gelang Patah Bridge (upstream)
W11
1 27' 24.70" N
103 33' 12.00" E
Upstream of Sungai Pulai
W12
1 22' 57.88" N
103 37' 3.37" E
Upstream of Sungai Pendas
W13
1 22' 42.40" N
103 38' 17.60" E
Downstream of Sungai Pendas
W14
1 20' 46.19" N
103 35' 33.15" E
Downstream of Sungai Pok
W15
1 21' 34.95" N
103 35' 26.89" E
Midstream of Sungai Pok
W16
1 22' 24.43" N
103 35' 51.09" E
Upstream of Sungai Pok
W17
1 26' 36.32" N
103 32' 45.05" E
Downstream of Sungai Jeram Batu
4.6.1
Description
Water Quality Index (WQI) Analysis
The WQI results are depicted in Table E11.

Table E11
Water Quality Index (WQI)
Station
4.7
Description
WQI
Class
WQ1
Sungai Pulai Downstream
71.01
III
WQ2
Sungai Tiram Duku Upstream
66.87
III
WQ3
Sungai Tiram Duku downstream
66.78
III
WQ4
Sungai Simpang Arang Upstream
64.69
III
WQ5
Sungai Suka Besar upstream
64.67
III
WQ6
Sungai Pulai Midstream
67.53
III
WQ7
Upstream Sungai Senapang
57.82
III
WQ8
Downstream of Sungai Gelang Patah
59.07
III
WQ9
Org Asli Village at Sungai Gelang Patah
56.91
III
WQ10
Gelang Patah Bridge (upstream)
38.43
IV
WQ11
Upstream of Sungai Pulai
58.37
III
WQ12
Upstream of Sungai Pendas
65.62
III
WQ13
Downstream of Sungai Pendas
73.87
III
WQ14
Downstream of Sungai Pok
74.07
III
WQ15
Midstream of Sungai Pok
79.82
II
WQ16
Upstream of Sungai Pok
77.87
II
WQ17
Downstream of Sungai Jeram Batu
64.00
III
Traffic and Transportation
A survey has been conducted by Halcrow Group Limited on the existing traffic count and
transportation within the project site. It was done from the 29th of February to the 1st of
March 2012. The traffic survey locations are depicted in Figure E8.

Source: Halcrow
Figure E8
Traffic Survey Locations
The vehicle compositions were identified during the survey and is summarised in Figure E9.

(a)
Morning
(b)
Evening
Legend: 1. LGV = Lightweight Vehicles

2. HGV = Heavyweight Vehicles
3. MC = Motorcycle
Source: Halcrow
Figure E9
Vehicles Composition
The peak time was also identified and depicted in Figure E10.
Morning Peak
Evening Peak
Source: Halcrow
Figure E10
Peak Time

5.
EXISTING BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
This chapter is a discussion on the existing biological system present within the project area.
The biological system study includes the mangrove habitat as well as the general flora and
fauna found within the existing area.
5.1
Mangrove Habitat
Mangrove ecosystems are among the most productive and biologically complex ecosystems
that provide a myriad of essential ecosystem services. Mangroves provide pivotal support to
commercial fisheries by acting as nursery, breeding, spawning and hatching habitats for
offshore fisheries. They export organic matter to the marine environment, producing
nutrients for fauna in both the mangroves themselves and in adjacent marine and estuarine
ecosystems. Mangroves also play a crucial role in shoreline protection where they serve as
natural barriers; dissipating the destructive energy of waves and reducing the impact of
hurricanes, cyclones, tsunamis and storm surges.
There are strong indications that tidal inundation plays an important role in the zonation
patterns of mangroves. The frequency of tidal inundation may influence other environmental
factors such as nutrient exchange, aeration and dispersal of propagules. The frequency and
duration of tidal flooding is important in determining the zonation, distribution and species
composition of mangrove forests. Watson (1928), divided mangrove areas into five inundation
classes (Table E12).
Table E12
Distribution of Plant Mangrove Species Based on Inundation Types
Class
Inundation Type
Species Composition
Inundated by all high tides
Apart from some areas where Rhizophora mucronata is

able to colonise and survive, this class is essentially mud
banks and free of mangrove vegetation.
Inundated by medium high

tides
On the seaward fringe the dominant species are Avicennia

alba, A. marina, and Sonneratia griffithii while within the
estuarine waterways, R. mucronata and S. caseolaris (in
more upstream areas) dominate.
Inundated by normal high

tides
In general, most mangroves will grow in this class but the

Rhizophora, particularly R. apiculata dominates. Bruguiera
parviflora also grows very well here.
Inundated by normal spring

tide
The Bruguiera, mainly B. gymnorhiza (although B. parviflora

still grows well) thrives here but not so the Rhizophora.
Other species include Xylocarpus granatum, X.
mekongensis, Lumnitzera littorea, L. racemosa, Excoecaria
agallocha and fern Acrostichum speciosum and A. aureum.
Occasionally inundated by
exceptional or equinoctial
tides
Bruguiera gymnorhiza often dominates; Excoecaria

agallocha is often very common, with forest floor covered
in mud-lobster mounds. The mangrove palm Nypa fruticans
also often dominates this class. This is where most of the
so-called marginal mangroves occur.

A total of ten sites were surveyed (Table E13).

Table E13
Locations for Flora Survey and Plot Study at Sungai Pulai, Johor
Site
Type
Location
Coordinate
Plot study and flora survey
Sungai Gelang Patah
01 26 48 N, 103 34 00 E
Sungai Suka Besar
01 25 04 N, 103 33 04 E
Sungai Simpang Arang/ Asli
01 24 31 N, 103 33 16 E
Flora survey
Sungai Simpang Gelama
01 23 39 N, 103 33 04 E
Flora survey
Ladang Selbourne
01 25 47 N, 103 33 26 E
Flora survey
Kampung Arang/ Asli
01 24 37 N, 103 34 31 E
Sungai Tiram Duku
01 23 37 N, 103 33 43 E
Flora survey
Mangrove patch of Sungai

Gelang Patah tributary
01 25 47 N, 103 34 30 E
Flora survey
Sungai Keramat
01 24 06 N, 103 34 24 E
Flora survey
Sungai Simpang Terus
01 23 22 N, 103 34 17 E
Other than primary data, the study also considers the available reports that include the
Shoreline Management Plan of South Johor (IRDA, 2010), and the New Guidelines for
Management Planning for Ramsar Sites and other Wetlands (Ramsar Convention, 2002). The
summary of plant species richness and forest community structure of Sungai Pulai is shown in
Table E14.

Table E14
Summary of Plant Species Richness and Forest Community Structure of Sungai Pulai, Johor
General Survey
Sites
Plot Study
Study Locations
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Stand
Density
(ind./ha)
Total
DBH
Basal
(cm)
Area
2
(m /ha)
A
Sungai Gelang
Patah
11
14
19
850
25.13
Biomass
(t/ha)
Mean
Max.
18.64
30.7
257.04
Forest Type/
Dominance
1.00
Dominated by Bakau
Minyak, followed by
Tengar.
Sungai Suka Besar
12
16
2460
24.48
10.25
56.9
166.56
1.53
Dominated by Bakau
Minyak, followed by B.
cylindrica and
Lenggadai.
Sungai Simpang
Arang/ Asli
10
13
19
3370
23.32
8.73
29.4
135.21
1.73
Dominated by Bakau
Minyak, followed by X.
granatum and Tengar.
Sungai Simpang
Gelama
10
Ladang Selbourne
37
66
74
Kampung Arang/
Asli
14
21
21
Sungai Tiram Duku
10
12
17
2310
20.45
9.67
28.4
133.39
1.56
Dominated by Bakau
Minyak, followed by
Lenggadai.

General Survey
Sites
Plot Study
Study Locations
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Stand
Density
(ind./ha)
Total
DBH
Basal
(cm)
Area
2
(m /ha)
H
Mangrove at
Ladang Selbourne
Sungai Keramat
Sungai Simpang
Terus
15
22
31
Biomass
(t/ha)
Mean
Forest Type/
Dominance
Max.
Back mangrove species,
dominated by Bakau
Minyak.
Sungai Keramat is the
border
between
Compartment 70 and
71, which is dominated
by agriculture activity
(oil palm, banana, etc.).
10
12
17
Back mangrove species.

5.2
Terrestrial Fauna: Mammals and Birds
The study sites are Sungai Simpang Arang and Sungai Tiram Duku; both within the district of
Gelang Patah, Johor. The sites were chosen based on the extent of the mangrove areas and
the accessibility of the forests in order to set up traps and mist nets. Field sampling was
conducted from 17th to 21st February 2012, with three days sampling at each site.
5.2.1
Mammals
Table E15
The List of Vertebrate Species Recorded from Sungai Simpang Arang and Sungai Tiram Duku,
Johor
Site
Family
Species
English Name
Status
1. Cercopithecidae
Trachypithecus
obscurus
Dusky langur
2. Cercopithecidae
Macaca
fascicularis
3. Muridae
Method
Spg.
Arang
Tiram
Duku
NT and
CITES II
Observation
Long-tailed
macaque
LC
Observation
Rattus rattus
House rat
LC
Trap
4. Mustelidae
Lutragale
perspicillata
Smooth otter
Footprint/
Interview
5. Viverridae
Paradoxurus
hermaphroditus
Common
palm civet
LC
Interview
6. Pteroppodidae
Cynopterus
brachyotis
Lesser dog
faced fruit
bat
Mist Net
7. Pteroppodidae
Macroglossus
minimus
Long-tongued
nectar bat
Mist net
8. Suidae
Sus scrofa
Wild pig
LC
Interview local
people
9. Scuiridae
Callosciurus
notatus
Plantain
squirrel
LC
10. Tupaiidae
Tupaia glis
Common
treeshrew
LC
Total No. Species
Trap
Trap/
Observation
Note: Rows Lightly Shaded are Relatively Large Mammals >5 Kampung

5.2.2
Birds
Table E16
The List of Bird Species Recorded from Sungai Simpang Arang and Sungai Tiram Duku, Gelang
Patah, Johor
Site
No.
Family
Species
English Name
Spg.
Arang
Tiram
Duku
IUCN
Accipitridae
Haliastur Indus
Brahminy Kite
Accipitridae
Spilornis cheela
Crested Serpent
Eagle
Alcedinidae
Halcyon chloris
Collared Kingfisher
Alcedinidae
Alcedo atthis
Ardeidae
LC
R, A, TP
LC
R, C, TP
LC
R & M, C. TP
Common
Kingfisher
LC
R & M, C. TP
Butorides
striatus
Little Heron
LC
R & M, A,
TP
Ardeidae
Egretta
eulophotus
Chinese Egret
VU
RA, TP
Ardeidae
Nycticorax
nyetocorax
Black-Crowned
Heron
LC
R, C, TP
Columbidae
Treron vernans
Pink-Necked
Pigeon
LC
R, C, GB
Columbidae
Treron
curvirostra
Thick-billed Pigeon
LC
R, C, GB
10
Coraciidae
Eurystomus
orientalis
Dollarbird
LC
R & M, C, TP
11
Corvidae
Corvus
splendens
House Crow
10
LC
I, A, NP
12
Cuculidae
Eudynamys
scolopacea
Common Koel
LC
R & M, C, TP
13
Cuculidae
Chrysococcyx
minutillus
Malayan Bronze
Cuckoo
LC
R, C, TP
14
Cuculidae
Phaenicophaeus
diardi
Black-Bellied
Malkoha
LC
R, U, TP
15
Cuculidae
Phaenicophaeus
sumatranus
Chestnut-Bellied
Malkoha
LC
R, C, TP
16
Dicaeidae
Dicaeum
cruentatum
Scarlet-Backed
Flowerpecker
LC
R, C, TP
17
Dicaeidae
Prionochilus
percussus
Crimson-Breasted
Flowerpecker
LC
R, C, TP
18
Nectariniidae
Nectarinia
sperata
Purple-Throated
Sunbird
LC
R, U, TP
19
Nectariniidae
Aethopyga
siparaja
Crimson Sunbird
LC
R, U, TP
20
Nectariniidae
Nectarinia
calcostetha
Copper-Throated
Sunbird
LC
R, C, TP
Status

Site
No.
Family
Species
English Name
Spg.
Arang
Tiram
Duku
IUCN
Status
21
Oriocidae
Oriolus chinensis
Black-Naped Oriole
LC
R & M, C, TP
22
Picidae
Picus vittatus
Laced Woodpecker
LC
R, C, TP
23
Picidae
Dinopium
javanese
Common Golden
back
LC
R, C, TP
24
Picnonotidae
Pycnonotus
plumosus
Olive-Winged
Bulbul
LC
R, C, TP
25
Picnonotidae
Pycnonotus
goiavier
Yellow-Vented
Bulbul
LC
R, A, NP
26
Rhipiduridae
Rhipidura
javanica
Pied Fantail
LC
R, C, TP
27
Scolopacidae
Actitis
hypoleucos
Common
Sandpiper
LC
M, C, GB
28
Silviidae
Orthotomus
sepium
Ashy Tailorbird
LC
R, C, TP
29
Silviidae
Orthotomus
sutorius
Common Tailorbird
LC
R, C, TP
30
Sturnidae
Acridotheres
fuscus
Jungle Myna
>10
>10
LC
R, U, NP
31
Sturnidae
Aplonis
panayensis
Philippine Glossy
Starling
LC
R, A, NP
32
Turdidae
Copsychus
saularis
Magpie Robin
LC
GP, R, P
18
31
Total Number of Species

Notes:
P=Present
HABITAT: GP=Garden and Parks (including wooded suburban areas), OC=Open country (open grassy
areas, scrub and tin mines), IS=Inland freshwater swamps (mining pools, lakes and padi fields),
MG=Mangroves, MF=Mudflats, RS=Rocky Shores, SS=Sandy Shores, O=Oceanic, CW=CoastalWaters,
LF=Lowland Rainforest (including secondary forest and forest edge), LMF=Lower Montane Rainforest
(including secondary forest and forest edge), UMF=Upper Montane Rainforest;
STATUS OF BIRD: R=Resident, M=Passage migrant/winter visitor, V=Vagrant, XT=Extirpated
LEGAL PROTECTION STATUS: TP=Totally Protected (may not be hunted or reared in captivity),
P=Protected Wild Birds or Mammals, P(I)=Game Birds or Mammals, P(II)=Other Protected Wild Birds or
Mammals, RDB=Red Data Book status consistent with the IUCN-SSC Red List
STATUS THROUGHOUT EXTRALIMITAL RANGE: EX=Extinct, EW=Extinct in the wild, CR=Critically
Endangered, EN=Endangered, VU=Vulnerable, NT=Near-Threatened, EDM=Endemic Species Occurring In
Malaysia, IND=Species introduced to Malaysia
5.3
Macrobenthos
Five sampling station (Station 1 to Station 5) were selected for this study. The macrobenthos
was collected using a Ponar grab, with a mouth area of 0.02 m 2. Samples were sieved by 0.5
mm sized sieves and were carefully transferred into polythene bags and fixed with 4%
formalin in seawater. Samples were then taken to laboratory for further analysis.

In this study, a total of 752 individuals of macrobenthos from 29 different taxa have
successfully been sampled. Polychaeta was the most dominant group where it represents
about 87.63% of all macrobenthos sampled within the study area, followed by the Crustacean
with 9.44% of the total individual sampled. The macrobenthos community within the study
area can generally be considered as still in good condition. There was high number of taxa,
high species diversity and high richness values, which were comparable with other areas
throughout the Malaysian coastal waters.
5.4
Fisheries
The fish samples were obtained by deploying the trammel and gill nets in vicinity to the
stations. Trammel and gill nets were set in the mangrove creeks in front of the Port Tanjung
Pelepas port areas up to the Sungai Pulai and it river tributaries. The net was checked twice
daily during high and low tides. In addition to the field catches, data were also obtained from
the local small-scale fishermen landing catches surrounding the areas. All of the specimens
collected were identified systematic to the furthest taxa as possible with help of the available
references in the UKM Marine Laboratory.
Sungai Pulai river tributaries sustained high fishes spesies diversity that comprises a mixture of
wide variety of fishes species from fresh waters upper streams (during ebbing tides), brackish
environment in the middle stream of complex mangrove forest and a stenohaline fish species
that visit the Sungai Pulai mangrove complex as part of their biological cycles such as
spawning, nursery or feeding following flooding tides.
5.5
Seagrass Ecosystem
Seagrass is an ecologically important habitat that forms the basis of many complex marine
ecosystems of the sea. The seagrass sheltering effects and abundance of adequate food make
it the preferred breeding site, nursery ground and temporary shelter for fishes and
crustaceans (Den Hartog, 1970). Dense vegetation of seagrass produces a great quantity of
organic material, and offers a good substrate for epiphytic small algae, microflora and sessile
invertebrates. The grass plant itself and their mats of rhizome creates unique microhabitats
for invertebrates and other small animals.
Both seagrass meadows at the Tanjung Adang and Merambong shoals are still in good
condition and support large varieties of marine animals. The Tanjung Adang shoal, however, is
not as dense and as diverse as the Merambong shoal in terms of seagrass meadows. This site
is also under great environmental pressure from development activities at PTP. Some parts of
the beds have been smothered by sand from the nearby construction areas at PTP.
Nevertheless, some parts of the Tanjung Adang Laut seagrass are now recovering.

6.
EXISTING HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
The existing human environment within the 5-km circumference of the project area is taken as
the study area or zone of impact. Data and information for the study are sought out from two
main sources. A socio-economic survey was conducted to gather the perception and identify
the communities attitude towards the proposed project. Altogether 280 samples
(respondents) from the residential areas and business premises were drawn randomly from
the study area using a purposive sampling technique. The distribution of the samples is shown
in Table E17.
Table E17
Distribution of Respondents by Settlement within the Proposed Project Area
Sampling Area
Number
Pekan Gelang Patah
15
Kampung Melayu
10
Kampung Melayu Wawasan
12
Taman Syed Idrus
15
Taman Perintis
13
Kampung Bukit Tempurong
Kampung Pulai/ Kampung Ulu Pulai/ Kampung Ulu Choh
25
Kampung Jeram Batu/ Kampung Jalan Jelutong
17
Taman Nusantara
56
20
Kampung Tiram/Tiram Duku/Tiram Duku Kiri
16
Kampung Pekajang Bengkok/ Pekajang Lurus
10
Kampung Tanjung Adang/Paya Mengkuang/Desa Mengkuang
14
Kampung Pok Kecil/Kampung Pok Besar
Kampung Tanjung Kupang/Kampung Ladang
Kampung Pendas Baru
Kampung Bukit Kuching
Kampung Bharu
10
Taman Mas
Total
280

6.1
Survey Results on Opinions and Perceptions
Table E18
Reasons for Agreeing and Disagreeing to the Implementation of the Proposed Gerbang
Nusajaya Development Project
Reasons for Agreeing
Percent (%)
Increase in economic development, job opportunities and infrastructure

Boost in business opportunities and commerce
Good for state and national development
Increased quality of life and basic facilities and amenities
Only if stringent monitoring of the mangrove swamps is being carried out and
the mangroves are not polluted
More systematic development
To be at par with other developed regions
60.8
7.4
9.8
13.5
4.1
Total
100.0
Reasons for Disagreeing
Percent (%)
Probability of land acquisition

More comfortable living in kampung atmosphere
Increasedin property value, cost of living, unaffordable to the locals
Water pollution threatening the nearby mangrove and affecting income of local
fishermen
The environment will be disturbed
Locals will be marginalized
Loss of serenity of kampung atmosphere and its final demise
Increase in incoming of foreign workers and social problems
8.1
16.2
16.2
21.7
Total
100.00
2.0
2.4
10.8
16.2
5.4
5.4
Source: Field Data, 2012
Table E19
Other Opinions Regarding the Proposed Project
Other Opinions
Percent %
Loss of land and property and the possibility of not being compensated
Not to acquire Malay land to develop the project
Project not to bring problems to the surrounding population
Appropriate compensation to be paid to those affected
Project to use more local labour
Locals to be informed if they were to be affected
Would only agree if assured of not jeopordising the mangroves/source of
livelihood
Develop not at the expense of the environment
To provide comfortable housing if resettled
Others
10.9
6.7
25.5
7.3
5.5
5.5
4.8
Total
100.0
3.6
3.0
27.2
Source: Field Data, 2012

The social profile of the existing population within the 5-km circumference of the proposed
Gerbang Nusajaya City Development Project showed one with a relatively young matured
population of a median age of 42 years with upper-secondary and tertiary educational
background. They mainly worked as income earners either in the government or private
sectors, with a substantial number involved in business and depending on fishing for their
livelihood. Generally 91% of the respondents agreed to the project citing increase in economic
development, job opportunities and infrastructure as the main reasons for agreeing whilst
threat to mangroves and source of livelihood, increase in property value and costs of living
which would be unaffordable to the locals as well as of being marginalised as reasons for
disagreeing.
6.2
Feedbacks from Personal Engagement and the Public Dialogue Session
The feedbacks from the two engagements i.e. the meeting with the Orang Asli and the public
dialogue, the latter as described in this section would refer mainly to those residing in the
study area. Altogether, as mentioned earlier, 26 people attended the public dialogue session,
the majority of whom were other public members who were not involved in the social survey.
Hence, the feedback described in this section mainly refers to the opinions given by those
gathered during the public dialogue.
The locals concerns could be summarised into five major issues:
(a)
(e)
That the current development in the surrounding area of Gelang Patah has caused
deterioration in water quality;
That the current development in the surrounding area has also caused air pollution;
That the current development in the surrounding area has disturbed the ecological
balance causing monkeys and wild boars to intrude human settlements;
That the locals may be marginalised, the project may prove to be more non-beneficial
to the locals; and
That there should be sections in the development that are affordable to the locals.
6.3
Conclusion
(b)
(c)
(d)
The social profile of the existing population within the 5-km circumference of the proposed
Gerbang Nusajaya City Development Project showed a median age of 42 years with uppersecondary and tertiary educational background. They mainly worked as income earners either
in the government or private sectors, with a substantial number involved in business and
depending on fishing for their livelihood. Generally 91% of the respondents agreed to the
project citing increase in economic development, job opportunities and infrastructure as the
main reasons for agreeing whilst threat to mangroves and source of livelihood, increase in
property value and costs of living which would be unaffordable to the locals as well as of being
marginalised as reasons for disagreeing.

7.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The objectives of this assessment include appraising the existing public health status of the
area, from the state of Johor in general and narrowing down to the Gelang Patah
communities. Visits to both the Johor Bahru Health Office and Polyclinic Community of Gelang
Patah were conducted in order to gather relevant secondary health data.
7.1
Existing Public Health
The preliminary count report in 2010 by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia showed that
Johor is the second most populated state with a total of 3,233,434 people. It has a population
density of 168 people per km2, which is less crowded compared to the state of Kedah. A few
of the disease occurrences may be related to this situation, with sexually transmitted diseases,
tuberculosis and malaria being the most common. Due to the efforts of the health authorities
in the state, all of these diseases have been effectively managed. A number of illnesses like
dengue fever, hand-mouth-foot disease, and food poisoning are also present. A comparison
incidence rate for particular diseases between Johor and national average is depicted in Table
E20.
Table E20
Comparison Incidence Rate for Particular Diseases between the State of Johor and National
Average
Diseases
Incidence Rate (per 100,000 pop)

Johor Bahru (2011)
Johor (2008)
Malaysia (2008)
HIV
12.6
15.4
12.9
Malaria
0.8
2.6
23.5
Tuberculosis
36.1
50.1
68.5
Dengue fever
31.5
107.2
148.7
Dengue hemorrhagic
5.9
11.7
14.2
Food poisoning
88.9
97.9
44.2
Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
(HFMD)
8.6
37.6
47.3
Some of the respondents wrote down their concerns and comments on how to improve the
health status within their communities. These are:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The Orang Asli not being included in the preservation of the surrounding
environment;
Tuberculosis vaccination should be given to the Orang Asli since there have been
many cases of late;
Requests for a 24-hour health clinic in the study area; and
Poor management of domestic waste.
As a conclusion from these written inputs, two main issues need to be prioritised. First, the
overall environment cleanliness needs active involvement from all communities and the
related agencies. Second, the present healthcare services are rather inadequate.

8.
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN (ESCP)
This chapter presents the erosion and sediment control plans (ESCP) for Gerbang Nusajaya
development. The aim of this chapter is to address erosion and sediment control aspects as
part of the requirements of DEIA report. The chapter covers the authority requirements for
each application on ESCP in several aspects such as:
(a)
(b)
Provide and propose erosion and sediment control measures to minimise the
environmental damage due to the development; and
Identify onsite and offsite resources to be protected and avoided during development.
8.1
Permanent Stormwater Management System
The proposed stormwater management system in Gerbang Nusajaya development consists of

rivers/drain branches and flood detention ponds. The regional detention ponds have dual
purpose which is to attenuate the peak discharge during storm events as well as acting as
sediment basin to improve water quality of the stormwater before discharging into
downstream receiving waters.
All proposed rivers/drains and detention ponds are proposed by Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.
The proposed detention ponds will be utilised as regional flood detention ponds which will
ensure that the post development design peak discharge will be less than that of the predevelopment condition so that the downstream receiving systems will not be overloaded
especially during extreme storm events. All rivers/drains proposed are designed to match the
exact topography and streamline as closely as possible. Therefore, no critical areas will face
potential serious stormwater problems.
8.2
Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC)
The main factors that contribute to the soil erosion problem are geomorphological
characteristics, climatic behaviour and the land use of the catchment itself. An appreciation of
all the above factors is essential to understanding the soil erosion processes occurring in the
catchment.
The primary objectives of the sediment erosion and yield study are as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
To estimate the volume of sediments that is likely to accumulate in the catchment;

To obtain the spatial distribution of the soil erosion and sediment yield of the study
catchments;
To evaluate the soil erosion and sediment yield of the study catchment; and
To provide input for sedimentation pond sizing and other erosion measures.
All of the above analyses were performed so as to obtain a reasonable estimate of the soil
erosion based on the catchment present land use. These results were then used to estimate
the sediment yield at the outlet of the catchment.

8.3
Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Analysis
Soil erosion and sedimentation assessment and analysis is based on site survey inspections,
catchment characteristics and computer simulation with the use of GIS-based software. The
estimation of spatial distribution of soil erosion throughout the catchment is carried out based
on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). This is done by overlaying and
manipulating various GIS images in raster grid format to obtain the soil erosion map for the
catchment. From this soil erosion map, the sediment yield at various locations along the river
can be computed by applying the delivery ratio parameter at particular locations of interest.
8.4
Sedimentation Analysis for Gerbang Nusajaya Catchment
The sedimentation analysis in Gerbang Nusajaya catchment includes soil erosion and
sediment yield analyses in the study area. The area for this catchment is about 20 km 2.
With reference to RUSLE equation, the information on the rainfall erosivity factor, crop cover
and conservation factor, soil erodibility factor and slope-length factor were required to
determine the soil erosion for the existing condition.
The predicted soil erosion for the Gerbang Nusajaya catchments before the construction is
52,187 tons/yr. The estimated sediment yield at the outlet of the Gerbang Nusajaya
catchments before the construction is 20,875 ton/yr.
The summary of the prediction soil erosion and the estimation of sediment yield during
construction and after completion are shown in Table E21.
Table E21
Summary of the Prediction Soil Erosion and the Estimation of Sediment Yield
Sub-Catchment Name
Present Condition
Phase1 (during construction)
Phase 1 (completion)
Phase 2 (during construction)
8.5
Tonne/Year
Estimated Soil Erosion
Estimated Sediment Yield
52,187
20,875
99,848
39,939
42,822
17,128
48,754
19,501
42,711
17,084
55,484
22,194
42,626
17,051
143,490
57,396
38,724
15,489
Erosion and Sediment Control Strategies
In the development of the Gerbang Nusajaya, there will be various soil erosion measures
implemented to minimise soil movement due to surface runoff as well as wind. The strategies
to be adopted for the development will be closely guided by the requirements from MSMA to

ensure that all the set criteria and standards are met. Among the measures to be considered
in the development are as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Site planning considerations;

Soil stabilization with temporary control methods;
Vegetation stabilization;
Physical stabilization;
Diversion of runoff and flow velocity reduction;
Sediment trapping and filtering;
Permanent control method; and
Other good housekeeping practices.
8.6
Preliminary Erosion and Control Measures
Table E22 below lists a schedule of regular inspection and repairs to erosion and sediment
control practice that are provided in the ESC Plan. The maintenance of the erosion control
measures shall be carried out by the contractor throughout the construction period and good
housekeeping practices should be strictly adhered to as discussed.
Table E22
Inspection and Maintenance during the Construction
Erosion Control Measures
Sediment Basins
Temporary Diversions
Check Dams
Silt Fence
Preserved Vegetation
Barrier Fence
Stockpile
9.
Construction Period
Initial Stage before grading
works.
works.
works but after construction
of
temporary
diversion
channels.
Maintenance Required
Weekly Inspection and after rainfall
event.
Remove trapped sediment when onethird full.
event.
event. Remove trapped sediment
when one-third full.

event.
Remove silt and repair as necessary.
Do not disturb areas where vegetation is to be preserved.
Install at initial stage after site
Repair as necessary.
possession.
Repair perimeter silt fences if
During Earthworks.
necessary.
works.
POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES
The impacts from the development will be assessed in terms of the following activities:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Impacts and mitigation measures during pre-construction;

Impacts and mitigation measures during construction; and
Impacts and mitigation measures during operation.

Table E23
Summary of Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
Activity
Potential Environmental Impacts
Mitigation Measures
1. Resettlement
There will be no resettlement involved in the development of
Gerbang Nusajaya.
PRE-CONSTRUCTION
No mitigation measures necessary.
2. Survey Works and Soil Investigation

At this stage, besides the curiosity created to onlookers, the main
potential impact would be the deployment of contractors especially
the contractors surveying firm/s in carrying the job and the
economic benefits that go with it.
In cases where guides and extra hands are needed, the locals should
be given priority as that would not only be of economic benefit to
them in terms of extra income but a feeling of participating in the
development of their surrounding area as well.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
1. Water Quality
(i)
(ii)
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
Site clearing and earthworks can cause erosion or runoff that

contains high suspended solids (SS). Sediment from clearing and
grubbing works will flow with the runoff into the waterways
and clog the rivers.
(i)
Multi-tiered protection strategy (Figure 9.8).
(ii)
The site clearing and earthworks should be regulated or carried

out in phases to minimise the impact.
Biomass generation may deteriorate the water quality if not

disposed of appropriately.
(iii) Temporary drainage systems and appropriately sized and

located sedimentation ponds shall be constructed in
accordance with the ESCP guidelines.
(iii) Slope cutting and installation of earth retaining structures such

as retaining walls and sheet piles could interfere with the
natural stability, leading to soil erosion which can cause
sedimentation and turbidity in waterways.
(iv) The cutting and filling activities may result in extensive soil and
sediment discharge into the major streams.
(v)
Concrete spillage from the construction activities may be

washed off into the waterways and eventually into the
mangrove forests if not mitigated accordingly.
(iv) Silt traps must be installed to cater for the excessive runoff
from the proposed project area to minimize the sediment
washout to the rivers/streams.
(v)
Biomass consisting of oil palm, rubber and orchard trees

together with undergrowth vegetation should not be disposed
of into the waterways.
(vi) Removed topsoil that will be used later shall be temporarily

stored (stockpiled) at a designated area and properly secured.
(vi) Oil and grease leakage or spillage from heavy machines during
work will seep into the soil, further resulting in groundwater
contamination.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity

(vii) The construction activities shall require workers residing at
workers camps at the project site. Direct discharge of
untreated sewage could be harmful to water quality. Improper
disposal of solid waste and sewage could enter the receiving
waterways through runoff or leachate water.
(viii) Scheduled wastes produced from maintenance workshop, if not
properly disposed of, can enter waterways and pollute the
waters.
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
Mitigation Measures
(vii) Temporary drainage must be constructed to cater for the
surface runoff so that cumulative impacts will be minimised.
(viii) Sediment and erosion control as proposed in Chapter 8: Erosion
and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) must be followed to
overcome extreme siltation in the receiving waterways.
(ix) Temporary toilets as specified by the Sewerages Services
Department (JPP) should be provided for the workers on site by
the contractor to overcome faecal contamination. Septic tanks
must be regularly desludged.
(x)
Workers camp must be equipped with proper solid waste

disposal facilities.
(xi) Scheduled waste produced at the maintenance workshop

should be disposed of according to EQ(SW)R 2005 and must
never be released to the environment.
(xii) Slurry treatment must be conducted to ensure that the
discharge from construction works would be safe to be released
into the water courses.
(xiii) All chemicals used must be stored accordingly and placed on
concrete surface or bund with proper sump to contain under
spillage.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
(xiv) Grease traps should be installed at site canteens to prevent
cooking grease from entering the drains.
All the mitigation measures above shall be properly described in the
Bill of Quantities (BQ) of tender documents.
2. Air Quality
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
(i)
Elevated worksites are exposed to wind; therefore dust and

debris are easily blown to nearby residential areas.
(ii)
Amplified suspended particulate, dust fallout and exhaust

emission gases may be released to the air.
(iii) Open burning of construction and vegetative waste could

happen accidentally or on purpose.
(iv) The increase of heavy vehicles to transport the machinery,
equipment and construction materials may add on to the air
pollution within the surrounding area.
(v)
Vehicles movement on unpaved roads and construction sites

can churn the dust into the atmosphere, hence degrading the
air quality and reduce visibility.
(vi) Machineries leaving the site could leave mud and silt on the
main road and affect air quality and visibility, affecting road
users.
(i)
Activities that can potentially generate high dust should not be

conducted in sensitive areas during poor wind conditions and
dry seasons.
(ii) Stabilising the soil at the cleared areas can ensure that it does
not cause dust dispersion.
(iii) Standard dust abatement procedures like water spray should be
carried out regularly.
(iv) Wheels and undercarriage washing facilities should be installed
at all vehicular exit points.
(v) Loose earth should be compacted to avoid wind erosion.
(vi) Earthworks should be conducted in phases or stages rather than
total clearing.
(vii) Cleared areas shall be turfed as soon as possible.
Open burning is strictly prohibited as stated in the Environmental
Quality Act (Act 127).

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
3. Noise
(i)
Construction activities will cause noise disturbance to the

surrounding area.
(i)
Restricting noisy construction activities to between 0700 hours

to 2000 hours only when working near to sensitive areas.
(ii)
Construction activities must be minimised during weekends and

public holidays when working close to sensitive areas.
(iii) Proper maintenance of the diesel engines on site to prevent

extensive noise from faulty machineries.
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
(iv) The expected duration of noise activities must be informed to

the affected residents.
(v)
Noise monitoring must be conducted to ensure the noise level

does not exceed the guidelines set by the Department of
Environment (DOE).
(vi) Bored piles, injection piles and other low noise impact piling
method should be used when working near to sensitive areas.
Other piling method is subjected to approval.
(vii) Traffic diversion must be properly planned to ensure that local
roads will be avoided, wherever feasible.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
4. Hydrology and Drainage

(i)
The conversion of the land use may result in fast runoff

during rain due to the clearing of natural vegetation which
removes the water-holding capacity of the ground. The flow
rate and volume will increase where its intensity depends on
the size of area affected by the project. These events will
cause erosion and sedimentation in the river and basin,
leading to localised flash flooding.
(i)
The drainage system shall be designed based on the Manual

Saliran Mesra Alam, Malaysia (MSMAM) published by the
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (JPS).
(ii)
Effective solution to erosion and sediment problems begin with

planning and good management of land development projects.
(iii) Drainage diversion to another stream must be identified and

should be suitably treated.
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
(iv) Interceptor drains must be installed at the slopes to minimise soil

erosion and surface runoff into the water system.
(v)
The installation of adequate soil erosion control and sediment

trapping devices before or as soon as possible during construction
will greatly reduce erosion and sediment damage.
(vi) The best quality control measures or best management practice is

to control the pollutant at its source like trash racks, oil
separators, sediment traps and gross pollutant traps (GPTs).
(vii) Developers/Contractors shall implement ESCP in accordance to
approved Earthwork Plan by the engineer.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity

5. Traffic and Transportation
(i) The construction works will disrupt traffic, especially during
peak travel times.
(ii)
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
In addition to temporary traffic disruptions such as closures or

detours, construction traffic would be noticeable on area
roadways and could contribute to localised congestion from
time to time.
Mitigation Measures
(i)
Flagmen or temporary traffic lights shall be installed to control

traffic movement, whenever necessary.
(ii)
The access road leading to the site should be strengthened

before construction works start and maintained throughout the
construction period to the satisfaction of the Public Works
Department (JKR) or local authority.
(iii) Heavy vehicles may damage the existing roads and form
potholes that can endanger other road users.
(iii) Proper blinkers and lighting shall be installed at dangerous

points of the road to safeguard the safety of road users.
(iv) Spoil materials spilled onto the surface of the roads passing
through the project area, namely Jalan Gelang Patah, Jalan
Tanjung Kupang and Jalan Pendas Laut may reduce the roads
skid resistance.
(iv) Signboards and traffic diversions must be properly erected

along the road and conform to the requirements of Arahan
Teknik (Jalan) 2C/85 Manual on Traffic Control Devices
Temporary Signs and Work Zones Control produced by
Cawangan Jalan, JKR, Malaysia and updated by the Road
Engineering Association of Malaysia (REAM) or any other
related document produced by the local authority.
6. Landscaping
(i)
The disturbance of soil for landscaping may cause soil erosion,

stream sedimentation, mass movement, soil pollution and
altered hydrological regimes.
(i)
The use of organic topsoil (peat moss and compost) is highly

commendable along with environmentally-friendly fertilisers.
(ii)
Soil and plants can be recycled as well as relocating shrubs and

trees instead of discarding them.
(iii) Old concrete can be re-used for road or pathway construction.

(iv) Scheduled maintenance of vehicles and equipments to reduce
pollution.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
7. Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA)

Flora and Fauna
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
(i)
Sedimentation can smother aquatic biota while turbidity cuts

off sunlight to aquatic plants, restraining photosynthesis.
(ii)
Erosion from non-vegetated surfaces of uncontained areas as

well as significant volume of alluvial surface runoff is expected
to occur during heavy rain, affecting marine organism in the
vicinity of the project site.
(iii) The generation and dispersion of sediment would result in

greater water turbidity, causing reduction in water quality
hence affecting the aquatic organisms.
(i)
A safe dryland buffer zone of 100 meters, for the Ramsarcertified existing mangrove forest located within the
development site, and 30 meters, for the non Ramsar-certified
existing mangrove forest located within the development site,
is established and MUST be followed.
(ii)
No direct discharge of polluted water is allowed during

construction (especially sediments) as well as during operation
(organic waste).
(iii) For ground level below 5 meters adjacent to the Ramsar border,
the toe of the slope fill must stop at the buffer line.
(iv) The absolute suspended sediment concentration at these
locations should be kept at below 50 mg/L.
(v)
Regular flora and fauna surveys must be conducted.
(vi) Periodic monitoring of contaminant-levels discharges, marine

water quality and marine fauna community should be done
during construction and throughout the operation of the
Gerbang Nusajaya development.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
8. Socio-Economy
(i)
The development will give a boost to the local economy, thus

improving the economic standing of the locals.
(i)
Recruitment of labour from among the locals would be most

beneficial.
(ii)
The deployment of several hundred workers would slightly push

up the demand for basic goods and services.
(ii)
Workers interest should be looked after.
(iii) The presence of several hundred workers around the

construction sites such as in the workers camps may create
ruffles especially if more than one ethnic are present.
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
(iv) The presence of men and machineries together would have the
potential to incur accident, if not properly handled, supervised
and managed.
(v)
The scale of work, work schedule and the proximity to existing

settlements or road would have the effect of disruption and
disturbance to an otherwise relatively peaceful environment.
(vi) Landscaping of the right sort or with appropriate materials and

plants would add on to the aesthetics of the area.
(vii) Suspended solids from surface runoff into the rivers may affect
the existing local economy if not controlled.
(iii) Workers ought to be exposed to proper work ethics and always

put safety first.
(iv) Transportation of materials to and from the construction sites
should be carried out during non-peak hours.
(v)
The condition of the workers camps would have to fit into a

certain decent living standard that provides well-ventilated
space, basic amenities, proper sanitation and non-crowding.
(vi) The development must be mindful and sensitive to the Orang

Asli in Kampung Simpang Arang.
(vii) Best construction management practices must be implemented.
(viii) Proper working zone markings must be put up.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
1. Waste Generation and Disposal

Water Quality
DURING OPERATION
(i)
Solid Waste
- The protected and sensitive Sungai Pulai Ramsar could be
affected if the wastes are not properly managed.
(ii)
Domestic Wastewaters
- Without proper management of the STP, the sewage and
sullage will cause odour and pollution of surrounding water
bodies.
(iii) Industrial Wastewaters

- Scheduled wastes pose hazards to humans, the environment
and properties.
(i)
Some wastes such as plastic materials, paper, cardboards and

cloth can be baled and sold to recyclers.
(ii)
Allocation of collection bins or areas for different wastes to be

recycled or reused.
(iii) The collection frequency can be reduced by composting

putrescible wastes.
(iv) The sewage must be treated according to the SPAN/IWK
requirements.
(v)
Regular monitoring of the effluent discharge quality must be

carried out.
(vi) Nutrient removal or tertiary treatment is recommended to be

included in the STP.
(vii) The performance of the wastewater treatment plants must be
monitored closely.
Noise
(i)
The impact will only be significant if the industrial zones are

situated near residential and noise-sensitive areas.
(i)
Noise abatement measures such as establishing buffer zones,

vegetation planting and traffic management may reduce noise
at certain locations.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
2. Maintenance of Landscape
Water Quality
(i)
The maintenance of landscape may generate wastes such as

pesticides, fertilisers and other runoff that may pollute the
rivers.
(i)
Limiting fertilisation.
(ii)
All fertiliser applicators must be trained and licensed.
(iii) Grass cycling the turf areas.

(iv) Retrofitting inefficient landscapes by reducing turf areas and
establish new landscape planting with more low maintenance
plants.
(v)
A good landscape maintenance programme should be

established.
(i)
Proposed main drainage system should follow closely the

existing natural drainage pattern using existing rivers as natural
outlets.
(ii)
Environmentally-friendly drains with aesthetical appearance

will be combined with Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs) for
effectiveness.
DURING OPERATION
Hydrology and Drainage
(i)
Improper design and lack of maintenance may cause an

increase in peak discharge rates.
(ii)
Landscapes may promote erosion and sedimentation due to

changes onto the hydrologic regime.
(iii) Surface runoff from the landscape area may carry high nutrients
from fertilisers.
(iii) Detention pond and proper drainage shall be installed.

(iv) The river reserves of all tributaries shall be demarcated
according to JPS requirements.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
3. Traffic Movement
(i)
If the roads are not upgraded or do not perform as expected

and as required, there will be slow movement of traffic,
congestion at bottlenecks and inefficient goods or products
delivery and movements especially during peak hours.
(i)
Flagmen or temporary traffic lights shall be installed to control

traffic movement, whenever necessary.
(ii)
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), railway transit and train systems are to
be proposed and considered.
(i)
With a vast opportunity of jobs at hand in the future, the locals

should be prepared to compete in the job markets.
(ii)
New and modern jobs could be created for them especially in

the recreational sector which they could easily identify
themselves with.
(ii)
The peak hours may extend much longer than the normal peak
hours.
4. Socio-economy
Impact on Economic Participation
(i)
The final outcome would be much more considering the

activities would further trigger other indirect job opportunities
or when the role of the multiplier effect takes place.
(ii)
There would also be house ownership opportunities for the

locals as the development is projected to accommodate an
estimated population of 75,417 people from a total of about
15,083 housing units built in the designated residential sectors.
DURING OPERATION
(iii) Ways should be found to enable the locals to own some of

these houses.
Impact on Aesthetics
(i)
(ii)
The maintenance of landscape, infrastructure and utilities

would ensure the aesthetical value of the development would
be maintained and the infrastructure and utilities would be kept
worthy and efficient.
(i)
Routine maintenance work should be carried out regularly.
(ii)
Locals should be considered in the hiring policy of the

development.
Employment opportunities are enhanced.

Table E23 (contd)

Activity
Mitigation Measures
Impact on Safety
(i)
Traffic movement may become a potential threat to safety.
(i)
Good and clear signages at the roads with good lighting and
road geometric designs.
(ii)
Road bullying should be avoided.
(i)
It is important to strike a balance between all types of

development to protect the existing small businesses.
(ii)
Rainwater harvesting shall be explored as a supplementary

source of water supply.
5. Commercial Operation
(i)
DURING OPERATION
(ii)
The newly-developed malls will satisfy the existing nearby

residents aspirations for a choice of high quality goods and
exciting shopping experiences.
The existing occupants will get better job opportunities in
efforts of improving their livelihoods.
(iii) The existing businesses within Gelang Patah town might be at

risk of facing great competition when the large shopping malls
begin operating.
(iii) The potential use of a District Cooling System (DCS) would be

explored to reduce the power consumption.
(iv) Total water demand for the Gerbang Nusajaya Development is

estimated at 24.5 million gallon per day based on the proposed
preliminary land use.
(v)
Based on the preliminary demand estimate of 169.1MW, two

(2) 132kV Main Intake Sub-stations (PMUs) are required.

10.
RESIDUAL IMPACTS
Five residual impacts have been identified, as listed below:

(a)
(b)
(c)
Decline in water quality;

Increase in traffic; and
Improvement in socio-economic condition.
10.1
Decline in Water Quality
The effluent discharge from the centralised sewage treatment plant (STP) into Sungai Pok may
affect the rivers water quality if not properly managed. Degradation of its water quality may
consequently affect the Straits of Johor. The discharge of poorly treated effluent which
contains nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) may cause eutrophication. This will lead to
increased BOD level in the water hence affecting the ecological balance of the aquatic life.
10.2
Increase in Traffic
The development of Gerbang Nusajaya is expected to increase the traffic within the area. The
presence of shopping malls, auto malls and other commercial buildings in addition to existing
attractions will draw many people from Singapore as well as from other parts of Malaysia
coming into Gerbang Nusajaya, for both business and pleasure. Traffic jams are anticipated
during peak hours at several junctions and intersections, as well as at the CIQ.
10.3
Improvement in Socio-economic Condition
The impacts on socio-economic conditions may involve:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Employment opportunities are likely to be created during the operational phase;

The possible benefits to the local community will be the result of an eventual shift in
employment structure and the influence upon local salary levels;
The value of potential sectors;
Improvement of existing facilities within the surrounding settlements; and
When Gerbang Nusajaya is fully completed, the township will fully complement the
rest of the Nusajaya development. The newly developed buildings and infrastructures
will be another high class development in Johor state, attracting many residents and
investors. This will benefit the locals economically.
11.
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC EVALUATION
It is of great importance that only incremental environmental costs and benefits are
considered in the analysis. Considering only incremental costs and benefits means that only
marginal costs and benefits that arise as a result of choosing the with project option
(instead of without project) is included in the study. Table E24 below provides a list of
environmental services that could potentially be affected (both positive and negative) by the
project.

Table E24
List of Potentially Affected Environmental Services that can be Evaluated
No.
Environmental
Components
Land use Mangrove forest
Nature of Potential Impacts/

Environmental Services Affected
Permanent loss of mangrove forest area
and associated environmental services
obtainable from the mangrove forest:
(a) Carbon sink;
(b) Timber production; and
(c) Ecological support functions.
Location/
Stakeholders
Mangrove areas in
the northeast and
north of the project
area; and the general
population
The area is mostly planted with oil palm.

The environmental services obtainable
from oil palm area are:
Land use
2
Removal of palm oil

plantation
(a) The carbon sink function - Although

not anywhere close to trees in forest,
oil palm trees do fix some carbon.
(b) The loss in palm oil output net of nonenvironmental
inputs
only
contribution of environmental service
towards output is to be evaluated.
The proposed project

site and its impact is
on
the
general
population.
Physical Extent of Impacts
102 hectares in total.
Total land area under

agriculture category is
1,291
hectares.
Area
affected is estimated on
the next-best-alternative
principle. Hence, even
though not all of the
agricultural
area
is
currently planted with oil
palm, for the purpose of
evaluation the foregone
alternative i.e. oil palm is
assumed for the entire
area.
Remarks
The project proponent will

not remove any part of the
existing mangrove areas.
No valuation is necessary.
Determining the magnitude

of impact requires the
valuation
of
carbon
sequestration function with
reference to the carbon
trading market.

Table E24 (contd)

List of Potentially Affected Environmental Services that can be Evaluated
No.
Environmental
Components
Air quality Airborne

dust particles
Water quality and river

ecology
Nature of Potential Impacts/

Environmental Services Affected
Location/
Stakeholders
Increase in airborne dust at the project

site.
Project site/Workers
During construction there is a potential

for sediment to be transported by surface
run-off to the rivers thus affecting river
ecology. Sedimentation could block the
oxidation process of the nearby
mangroves including the Ramsar site.
With the proposed mitigating measures
the impact is likely to be minimal.
Rivers and streams

that
drain
the
respective
catchments such as
Sungai Pulai, Sungai
Gelang Patah, Sungai
Suka Besar, Sungai
Simpang Arang and
Sungai Tiram Duku.
Physical Extent of
Impacts
Remarks
Earthwork locations in
the entire project area.
Impacts on air quality is likely to

be minimal since mitigation
measures
such
as
soil
stabilization and compacting,
water spraying and tire washing
will be implemented. Hence
impact on air quality due to
airborne dust is of secondary
importance and not evaluated
in this study.
The
said
rivers
downstream of the
construction sites.
The impact is only temporary

and minor because mitigation
measures including silt traps
and silt fences will be put in
place
before
construction
begins.
No valuation is
necessary.

11.1
Valuation of Cost and Benefits
11.1.1 The Economic Value of Carbon Sink Function of Oil Palm Area
A total of 1,291 hectares agricultural area will be converted into residential and commercial
land uses as a result of project implementation. In a relatively recent review of available
literature with augmented methodology, Sauerborn1 (2008) estimated that the total above
and below ground biomass in an oil palm plantation is 82.5 26.0 tonne per hectare. Using
Syahrinudin2 (2005) estimates of 40.4% carbon content of for oil palm biomass and of 50% for
the remaining vegetation, both palms and understorey together fix 35.3 11.0 tonne of
carbon per hectare within the economic life span of oil palm of about 25 years. Accordingly,
and converting this figure into CO2 equivalent unit, a total of 129.3 40.3 tonne CO2 per
hectare is fixed. The figure of 125 tonne/hectare is used in this study to determine the
amount of carbon at the maturity stage of oil palm trees of 25 years giving a linear annual
carbon fixing rate of about 5 tonne/hectare/year.
There are two general approaches to valuing the carbon sequestration function (Pearce, 1992)
i.e.:
(a)
(b)
Damage-avoidance approach equates the value of sequestering one ton of carbon

to the cost of avoiding the damage when the same amount of carbon is released into
the atmosphere; and
Offset approach equates the value of sequestering one ton of carbon to the cost
involved in reducing the same amount of carbon from the atmosphere.
The price of carbon under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been
fluctuating over time (anywhere from around 5 to 24). This study adopts the latest early
July 2012 price of 8/ton for the purpose of valuation in this DEIA report.
11.1.2 Loss in Oil Palm Output Net of Non-Environmental Inputs

The flow of economic loss of oil palm output is estimated by finding the difference between
total output and the cost of non-environmental inputs (development, operation and
maintenance costs) per ton of fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The yield and cost parameters are
provided in Table E6 and are duly incorporated in the analysis.
Table E25
Loss in Oil Palm Output Net of Non-Environmental Inputs (per year)
Average yield (tonne) /hectare
Price of FFB per tonne (Average July 2012)
FFB Yield/hectare (RM)
Development and maintenance cost/hectare (RM)
Yield/hectare/year (RM)
20
450
9,000.00
3,206.42
5,793.58
Germer, J. and J. Sauerborn, Estimation of the impact of oil palm plantation establishment on greenhouse gas
balance, Environment Development and Sustainability, 2008, Volume 10, Number 6, Pages 697-716.
2
Syahrinudin, The potential of oil palm and forest plantations for carbon sequestration on degraded land in
Indonesia. In P. L. G. Vlek, M. Denich, C. Martius, C. Rodgers and N. V. D. Giesen, Ecology and Development Series,
28. Cuvillier Verlag, Gottingen, Germany.

11.2
Overall Assessment
After discounting at the rate of 4%, the total present value of the stream of net loss amounts
to RM 125.043 million over a 50-year period. When 6% and 8% rates of discount are used, the
corresponding values are RM104.289 million and RM88.730 million respectively. Note that a
lower present value of loss is registered for higher discount rates. This is due to the fact that
the loss in environmental services that gradually accumulates into the future is discounted
more heavily in future years. The process of discounting therefore naturally results in losses
in the future becoming small in present value terms. This study also notes that the present
value of losses should not be construed as indicating project feasibility. They rather provide
some indication of the magnitude, in monetary terms, of the net change in the flow of
environmental services as a result of the implementation of the project.
12.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) summarises the responsibilities of the project
proponent in terms of monitoring, legislative requirements in relations to the control of water
quality, sediment quality, noise quality, etc. A summary of the proposed monitoring
programme is as per Table E26.

Table E26
Environmental Monitoring Programme
Item
Parameter
Monitoring
Stations
As per Table
4.5, Chapter 4
Sampling
Frequency
Environmental Quality Criteria
Reporting Requirement
Quarterly
Results will be compared to the

baseline
and
DOEs
Interim
Guidelines for Maximum Permissible
Sound Levels by Receiving Land Use
(Schedule 1 and 2).
Report to be submitted to DOE

quarterly.

monthly
Noise
LAmax, LAmin, LAeq, LA10, LA90
Water Quality
Temperature,
pH,
salinity,
conductivity, turbidity, dissolved
oxygen (DO), BOD, COD, total
suspended solids, oil & grease,
nutrients (ammoniacal nitrogen,
nitrate,
phosphate),
sulphates,
metals and total and faecal
coliforms.
As per Table
4.8, Chapter 4
Monthly

baseline and Malaysia Marine Water
Quality Criteria and Standard
(MWQCS) and Interim National
Water Quality Standard (INWQS).
Air Quality
Total suspended particulates (TSP)

and Ozone (O3).
As per Table
4.2, Chapter 4
Quarterly

baseline and Malaysian Ambient Air
Quality Guidelines.

quarterly.
The preparation of ESCP must be in

accordance with the following
guidelines:a) Department of Irrigation and
Drainage DID. 2010. Guideline
for Erosion and Sediment
Control in Malaysia.
b) Department of Irrigation and
Drainage DID.2000. Urban
Stormwater
Management
Manual for Malaysia.
The ESCP prepared by the

professional engineer shall be
submitted
to
DID
for
endorsement.
Presubmittal
discussion with DOE prior to
ESCP submission to DID is highly
recommended. Two copies of
the ESCP endorsed by DID shall
be submitted to DOE within two
weeks.
Erosion and
Sediment
Control Plan
(ESCP)
The monitoring shall consist of visual

inspection to ensure that the Best
Management Practice (BMP) has
been implemented and maintained
according to the ESCP and to
evaluate whether additional BMPs
are required.

13.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The Gerbang Nusajaya development concept will adhere to the Nusajaya Masterplan and also
the Dasar Perumahan Rakyat Johor di Iskandar Malaysia guidelines. It will also create business
opportunities as envisioned in the Masterplan.
The construction activities are predicted to impose the most impacts to the environment
especially during the construction of the platform. The impacts to the physical environment
such as water quality, air quality, noise and hydrology must be taken seriously due to the sites
proximity to the sensitive Sungai Pulai Ramsar and various existing settlements surrounding
the project area. The impacts on biological environment are also expected to occur especially
during construction. The loss of organism within the rivers will not only affect the ecological
balance, but also the economy of the locals as some of them depend on fisheries resources.
However, positive impacts will also come from construction activites as they require a lot of
workers which consequently increase local labour market and improve local economy.
Strict mitigating measures which have been proposed such as the mangrove limit buffer of 30
metres and 100 metres, the installation of silt fences and detention ponds as well as Erosion
and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) are deemed compulsory to be implemented.
RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF

RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF
1.
TAJUK PROJEK
Tajuk projek bagi Kajian Impak Alam Sekitar Terperinci (DEIA) ini ialah Pembangunan
Perbandaran Gerbang Nusajaya, Johor. UEM Land Sdn. Bhd. (UEML) berhasrat untuk
membangunkan sebidang `padang hijau yang masih lagi tinggal dalam kawasan Nusajaya
kepada satu perbandaran baru yang akan melengkapkan keseluruhan pembangunan di
kawasan tersebut. Gerbang Nusajaya merangkumi kawasan seluas 1,775 hektar (4,385 ekar),
mewakili kira-kira 20% keseluruhan kawasan Nusajaya. Sempadan barat Gerbang Nusajaya
terletak berhampiran dengan hutan bakau Sungai Pulai, di mana ia telah diisytiharkan sebagai
tapak Ramsar. Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) Malaysia telah mensyaratkan satu Penilaian Impak
Alam Sekitar Terperinci (DEIA) dijalankan sebelum pelaksanaan projek itu setelah mengambil
kira sensitiviti kawasan tersebut.
2.
PERIHAL PROJEK
2.1
Lokasi Projek
Tapak projek yang dicadangkan terletak di bahagian barat Nusajaya dan boleh diakses dengan
mudah dengan menggunakan Lebuhraya Link Kedua seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah E1.
Pusat bandar Johor Bahru terletak kira-kira 30 minit perjalanan dengan memandu melalui
Lebuhraya Pantai yang sebahagian siap dan hanya 20 minit diperlukan untuk ke Tuas,
Singapura melalui Jambatan Link Kedua. Secara geografi, ia terletak kira-kira antara 103 33 E
dan 103 36 E; dan 1 22 N dan 1 26 N.
2.2
Perihal Umum Tapak Projek
Subseksyen ini meliputi keadaan persekitaran sedia ada bagi tapak projek yang dicadangkan.
Bagaimanapun, ia tidak menyatakan secara jelas keadaan sedia ada bagi sistem fizikal dan
biologikal kawasan tersebut. Kawasan berkenaan seterusnya digambarkan sebagai berikut:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Gerbang Nusajaya;
Sempadan Barat (Ramsar Sungai Pulai);
Sempadan Utara (Gelang Patah Kampung Ulu Pulai);
Sempadan Timur (Leisure Farm Bandar Nusajaya); dan
Sempadan Selatan (Pelabuhan Tanjung Pelepas Sungai Pendas).
DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. RE-1

Rajah E1
Tapak Projek dan Kawasan Kajian

2.2.1
Gerbang Nusajaya
Tapak projek sedia ada didominasi oleh guna tanah agrikultur bercampur.
2.2.2
Sempadan Barat
Satu ciri penting bersebelahan dengan sempadan barat tapak projek ialah hutan bakau Sungai
Pulai, di mana sebahagian besarnya telah diisytiharkan sebagai tapak Ramsar (International
Convention on Wetland). Seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah E2, terdapat beberapa hutan
bakau yang berada di luar tapak Ramsar yang memanjang ke dalam tapak projek. Terdapat
juga sebuah perkampungan Orang Asli (Orang Laut) di Kampung Simpang Arang yang terletak
betul-betul di luar tapak projek di sebelah barat.
2.2.3
Sempadan Utara
Sempadan utara adalah kawasan yang paling pesat membangun berbanding kawasankawasan yang lain. Gelang Patah merupakan bandar utama di kawasan tersebut sebelum
pembangunan Nusajaya, kampung-kampung tradisional di sekelililing serta taman-taman
perumahan yang baru dibangunkan. Taman-taman perumahan dan kampung-kampung di
Gelang Patah disenaraikan di bawah:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
Taman Nusa Perintis 1, 2, 3;

Taman Nusa Perdana;
Taman Gelang Emas ;
Taman Nusantara;
Taman Mas;
Taman Syed Idrus;
Kampung Baru Muafakat;
Kampung Baru;
Kampung Melayu;
Kampung Pulai; dan
Kampung Ulu Pulai.
Satu pusat teknologi akuamarin yang dikendalikan oleh Fisheries Research Institute (FRI)
terletak di tebing Sungai Senapang. Sungai Gelang Patah adalah sungai yang mengalirkan air
buangan dari bandar kecil yang aktif iaitu Gelang Patah.
2.2.4
Sempadan Timur
Sempadan timur tapak projek dikelilingi kawasan pembangunan baru iaitu Leisure Farm dan
Bandar Nusajaya. Ledang Heights pula terletak arah timur laut dari pembangunan Gerbang
Nusajaya. Bandar Nusajaya atau Nusajaya City merupakan sebahagian daripada projek
Iskandar Malaysia (IM) di mana ia meliputi tujuh projek pembangunan signature iaitu Kota
Iskandar, Perindustrian Selatan dan Kluster Logistik (SiLC), Pembangunan Waterfront Puteri
Harbour, EduCity, Taman Kesihatan Afiat, Destinasi Peranginan Antarabangsa dan Perumahan
Nusajaya.

Rajah E2
Hutan Bakau di sekitar Tapak Projek

2.2.5
Sempadan Selatan
Pelabuhan Tanjung Pelepas terletak berdekatan dengan sempadan projek di bahagian selatan
di muara Sungai Pulai. Ia merupakan pelabuhan Johor yang kedua dan merupakan jeti kargo
yang utama di Malaysia. Antara mercu tanda yang boleh didapati di dalam kawasan ini ialah
Kompleks CIQ Sultan Abu Bakar (Kastam, Imigresen dan Kuarantin) yang terletak di bahagian
selatan Gerbang Nusajaya. Laluan utama ke kawasan ini ialah Lebuhraya Link Kedua, di mana
ia menghubungkan terus Senai, Johor Bahru dan Singapura. Kampung Tiram Duku dan
Kampung Paya Mengkuang, yang terletak di bahagian selatan, merupakan perkampungan
yang paling hampir dengan Nusajaya (kira-kira 1 km). Kampung-kampung ini dikelilingi oleh
ladang-ladang kelapa sawit yang merupakan sumber pendapatan utama untuk ekonomi
setempat di samping hasil nelayan.
Satu lagi hutan bakau yang penting dan berdekatan dengan projek ini dalam tenggara adalah
Sungai Pendas. Ia adalah satu perkampungan nelayan berdekatan dengan Tanjung Kupang,
Johor. Di hulu sungai dan dalam sempadan Iskandar Malaysia, Hutan Bakau Rizab Sungai
Pendas merupakan salah satu kawasan yang sangat sensitif kepada persekitaran. Sungai Pok
Besar merupakan salah satu sungai yang mengalir melalui selatan Gerbang Nusajaya. Terdapat
dua buah kampung iaitu Kampung Pok dan Kampung Tanjung Kupang, berada di sepanjang
sungai ini.
2.3
Konsep Projek
Masterplan Nusajaya, dengan tema utama World in One City, mencadangkan kawasan
tersebut untuk mempunyai garis panduan reka bentuk bandarnya sendiri bagi membolehkan
pelbagai produk pembangunan perdana yang akan memenuhi permintaan tempatan dan juga
antarabangsa. Gerbang Nusajaya akan kekal kepada Masterplan Nusajaya dimana
menetapkan, antara lain, daerah-daerah perumahan akan berdasarkan konsep kejiranan.
Gerbang Nusajaya juga akan menyumbangkan kepada keperluan perumahan tempatan
dengan mematuhi garis panduan Dasar Perumahan Rakyat Johor di Iskandar Malaysia seperti
yang telah digariskan kerajaan negeri Johor. Dengan lebih spesifik lagi, guna tanah
pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya adalah sepertiberikut:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Perumahan: villa dan apartment;

Komersial: retail park, China Mall, komersial umum, hotel bersepadu, kompleks auto,
spa & pusat kesihatan;
Taman Bisnes;
Kluster Inovasi: industri ringan;
Prasarana awam: pendidikan, keagamaan;
Rekreasi: prasarana umum, komuniti warga emas;
Penimbal hijau yang dilindungi, taman dan ruang terbuka; dan
Utiliti, parkir dan pandu.
Gerbang Nusajaya juga akan mencipta peluang-peluang perniagaan seperti yang dibayangkan
dalam Masterplan.

2.4
Komponen-komponen Projek
Jadual E1
Liputan Guna Tanah Bagi Pelbagai Komponen Pembangunan
Warna
Kod
RLR
RMR
RAA
Guna Tanah Luas
No Plot#
Perumahan Tingkat Rendah

(Villa, Komuniti Golf)
Luas Kawasan
2
Ha
Ekar
390.9
3,908,655
966
20.9%
Komuniti Golf
RLR01
181.6
1,816,359
449
9.7%
Villa
RLR02
185.2
1,852,072
458
9.9%
Villa
RLR03
5.6
56,150
14
0.3%
Villa
RLR04
18.4
184,074
45
1.0%
213.4
2,133,506
527
11.4%
Perumahan Sederhana Tinggi

(Kondominium)
Kondominium (Hospital 30ekar)
RMR01
16.7
166,838
41
0.9%
Kondominium
RMR02
56.1
560,599
139
3.0%
Kondominium
RMR03
8.3
83,184
21
0.4%
Kondominium
RMR04
10.2
102,424
25
0.5%
Kondominium
RMR05
122.0
1,220,461
302
6.5%
58.2
582,268
144
3.1%
RAA01
32.9
328,638
81
1.8%
RAA03
7.0
70,003
17
0.4%
RAA04
18.4
183,627
45
1.0%
Pangsapuri Mampu Milik

Jadual E1
Warna
Kod
Guna Tanah Luas
No Plot#
Luas Kawasan
2
Ha
Ekar
Prasarana-prasarana Komuniti
Jumlah
MIX
COM
Guna Bercampur***
127.2
1,272,309
314
6.8%
MIX01
13.7
137,164
34
0.7%
MIX02
3.5
35,202
0.2%
MIX03
13.4
134,126
33
0.7%
MIX04
14.2
142,255
35
0.8%
MIX05
36.9
368,824
91
2.0%
MIX06
4.6
46,260
11
0.2%
MIX07
24.0
239,771
59
1.3%
MIX08
16.9
168,707
42
0.9%
237.9
2,378,912
588
12.7%
Komersial
Parkir dan Pandu
COM01
9.0
90,057
22
0.5%
Taman Peruncitan
COM02
17.4
173,715
43
0.9%
Taman Peruncitan
COM03
3.5
34,948
0.2%
Taman Peruncitan
COM04
14.0
140,208
35
0.7%
Taman Peruncitan
COM05
5.3
52,562
13
0.3%
Komersial Umum (Institusi)
COM06
8.5
84,901
21
0.5%
Kompleks Auto + Trek Pandu Uji
COM07
28.4
284,232
70
1.5%
Hotel Bersepadu
COM08
10.9
109,037
27
0.6%
Hotel Bersepadu
COM09
10.9
109,037
27
0.6%

Jadual E1
Warna
Kod
ENT
IND
REC
Guna Tanah Luas
No Plot#
Luas Kawasan
2
Ha
Ekar
Kompleks Asean
COM10
33.7
337,205
83
1.8%
Kompleks Auto + Trek Pandu Uji
COM11
30.0
300,371
74
1.6%
Komersial Umum
COM12
4.4
44,398
11
0.2%
Kompleks Auto
COM13
27.2
272,317
67
1.5%
Spa dan Pusat Kesihatan (Peranginan)
COM14
18.9
189,395
47
1.0%
Komersial Umum (Kejiranan)
COM15
10.4
104,033
26
0.6%
Komersial Umum (Kejiranan)
COM16
5.2
52,496
13
0.3%
109.3
1,093,261
270
5.8%
ENT01
41.7
416,889
103
2.2%
ENT02
38.8
387,502
96
2.1%
ENT03
28.9
288,870
71
1.5%
202.3
2,022,963
500
10.8%
IND01
152.7
1,527,007
377
8.2%
IND02
28.9
288,593
71
1.5%
IND03
20.7
207,363
51
1.1%
118
1,176,579
291
6.3%
REC01
15
149,693
37
0.8%
REC02
85
845,418
209
4.5%
REC03
18
181,468
45
1.0%
71.7
716,593
177
3.8%
169.1
1,690,933
418
9.0%
Perusahaan
Perindustrian Sederhana
Rekreasi
GRB
Penimbal Hijau
POS
Taman-taman dan Ruang Terbuka

(dengan kolam penahanan)

Jadual E1
Warna
Kod
UTL
RWS
Guna Tanah Luas
No Plot#
Utiliti
Luas Kawasan
2
Ha
Ekar
11.2
111,588
28
0.6%
UTL01
7.7
77,079
19
0.4%
UTL02
3.5
34,509
0.2%
1.5
14,763
0.1%
1.5
14,763
0.1%
Jalan
161.6
1,615,812
399
8.6%
JUMLAH**
1,872
18,718,141.96
4,625.4
100%
Stesen Keretapi
RWS01
Nota: Teks dalam kelabu adalah untuk rujukan sahaja, tidak termasuk dalam pengiraan.
*Semua luas kawasan adalah tertakluk kepada kaji selidik akhir.
**Jumlah luas kawasan adalah tidak termasuk dengan kuarters pekerja CIQ, Hector Klasik Parcel & 2 s

2.5
Pilihan-pilihan Projek
Memandangkan projek ini memiliki banyak komponen contohnya kawasan perumahan,

kawasan komersial, jalan raya dan jalan keretapi, terdapat banyak pilihan yang dicadangkan
bagi perancangan pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya. Antaranya:
(a)
(b)
(c)
2.5.1
Pelan guna tanah;

Pelepasan air kumbahan Sewage Treatment Plan (STP); dan
Trafik dan pengangkutan.
Pelan Guna Tanah
Dalam proses menentukan pelan guna tanah yang muktamad, beberapa pilihan telah
dikemukakan seperti yang berikut:
2.5.1.1
Pilihan 1
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 19 Januari 2012

Pelan guna tanah awal telah dikemukakan pada 19 Januari 2012.
2.5.1.2
Pilihan 2
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 23 Februari 2012

Pelan tersebut telah diperincikan dan dibahagikan kepada kawasan masing-masing iaitu
komersial, perumahan dan perindustrian.
2.5.1.3
Pilihan 3
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 9 Mac 2012

Kawasan perindustrian telah dikurangkan untuk memberi laluan kepada rumah mampu milik.
Rumah mampu milik adalah sejajar dengan Program Perumahan Rakyat 1 Malaysia (PR1MA).
2.5.1.4
Pilihan 4
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 11 April 2012

Aktiviti komersial umum adalah seperti peruncitan, pejabat dan rekreasi berada berdekatan
dengan kawasan perumahan sederhana tinggi.

2.5.1.5
Pilihan 5
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 20 April 2012

Bandar auto akan tertumpu di bahagian tengah Gerbang Nusajaya. Asian malls akan
menggantikan sebahagian kawasan pembangunan guna bercampur.
2.5.1.6
Pilihan 6
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 23 Mei 2012

Beberapa kawasan komersial berdekatan dengan kawasan perumahan sederhana tinggi
digantikan dengan pembangunan guna bercampur.
2.5.1.7
Pilihan 7
Pelan Guna Tanah pada 8 Jun 2012

Hutan bakau yang telah meminggirkan kawasan perumahan di bahagian barat kelihatan untuk
menyeberang ke dalam sempadan projek lebih dari yang dijangkakan.
2.5.2
Pelepasan Air Kumbahan STP
STP telah direka bentuk berdasarkan Nusajaya Sewerage Master Plan (Rajah 2.13). Ia dijangka
untuk menampung kapasiti sejumlah 221,000 populasi setara (PE).
2.5.2.1
Pilihan 1
Pilihan 1 merungkai kemungkinan merawat effluen kepada Kelas II (NWQS) dan pembuangan
ke dalam Sungai Pok. Kriteria terperinci Pilihan 1 telah diringkaskan dalam Jadual E2.
Jadual E2
Kriteria Terperinci Pilihan 1
Kriteria
Unit
Panjang saluran pembentungan
Dianggarkan 5.7 km (tidak termasuk muara sungai marin)
Diameter paip pembentungan
1.2 m
Muara sungai marin
500 m ke dalam selat
Lubang najis
63 + 11 unit
Stesen-stesen pam
3 unit
Penjajaran melalui jalan-jalan sedia ada
Dianggarkan 15 20 m rizab
Sumber: Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.

2.5.2.2
Pilihan 2
Pilihan 2 akan merungkai kemungkinan pembuangan ke dalam muara sungai marin. Kriteria
terperinci telah diringkaskan dalam Jadual E3.
Jadual E3
Kriteria Terperinci Pilihan 2
Kriteria
Panjang saluran pembentungan
Diameter paip pembentungan
Muara sungai marin
Lubang najis
Stesen-stesen pam
Penjajaran melalui jalan-jalan sedia ada
Unit
Dianggarkan 4.7 km (tidak termasuk muara sungai marin)
1.2 m
500 m ke dalam selat
52 + 18 units
5 unit
Dianggarkan 10 15 m rizab
Sumber: Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.
2.5.3
Trafik dan Pengangkutan
Jajaran jalan yang direkabentuk adalah berdasarkan pemodelan perjalanan daripada

pembangunan. Bagaimanapun, anggaran perjalanan adalah bergantung kepada guna tanah.
2.5.3.1
Pilihan 1
Berdasarkan guna tanah pada Februari, ia dijangka daripada andaian-andaian umum bahawa
perjalanan pagi adalah sebanyak 129,563 dan perjalanan petang adalah sebanyak 174,386
(Jadual E4).
Jadual E4
Penjanaan Perjalanaan (sehingga Februari)
NFA (m2)
21,179,349.90
Perjalanan (Kenderaan)
AM
PM
129,563
174,386
Sumber: Halcrow
2.5.3.2
Pilihan 2
Pengiraan telah dikemas kini dengan lebih tepat lagi setelah mengambil kira kes sedia ada
33% Bahagian Pengangkutan Awam (PA) dengan pembangunan, perjalanan pagi adalah
sebanyak 80,500 kenderaan dan perjalanan petang adalah sebanyak 96,400 kenderaan (Jadual
E5). Ia juga mengambil kira purata 5 tahun selepas penyiapan.
Jadual E5
Penjanaan Perjalanan (Kes Sedia Ada) sehingga 9 Mac 2012
GFA (m2)
13,311,598
AM
PM
80,500
96,400
Sumber: Halcrow

2.5.3.3
Pilihan 3
Rentetan daripada perubahan guna tanah, anggaran jumlah perjalanan juga berubah seperti
yang ditunjukkan di Jadual E6.
Jadual E6
Penjanaan Perjalanan (33% PT Bahagian)
NFA (m2)
13,311,598
2.5.3.4
AM
PM
77,300
92,400
Pilihan 4
Memandangkan guna tanah telah dikemas kini, penjanaan perjalanan juga telah berubah.
Terdapat lebih trafik telah dijanakan hasil daripada pembangunan tersebut. Pelan jaringan
jalan dengan jumlah perjalanan sebanyak 10.5 juta GFA telah diperincikan seperti di dalam
Rajah E3.
Rajah E3
Pelan Jaringan Jalan

2.6
Fasa-fasa Projek dan Tempoh
Projek yang dicadangkan akan melalui fasa-fasa ini untuk penyiapan seperti yang dinyatakan
di bawah:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Fasa 1A;
Fasa 1B;
Fasa 1C;
Fasa 2A;
Fasa 2B;
Fasa 2C; dan
Fasa 3.
Keseluruhan projek dijangka akan siap dalam tempoh 20 tahun.
2.7
Aktiviti-aktiviti Projek
Aktiviti-aktiviti utama projek yang dicadangkan semasa fasa sebelum pembinaan, pembinaan
dan operasi akan melibatkan berikut:
(a)
Aktiviti-aktiviti Sebelum pembinaan:
Pengambilan tanah;
Penempatan semula; dan
Kerja-kerja kaji selidik.
(b)
Aktiviti-aktiviti Pembinaan:
Pekerjaan sementara;
Penghasilan dan pengurusan sisa;
Pembersihan tapak pemindahan dan pembuangan biomass;
Kerja tanah;
Pengekalan struktur cerun/tanah;
Longkang sementara dan Pelan Kawalan Hakisan dan Sedimen (ESCP);
Jalan-jalan sementara;
Pembinaan sub-struktur;
Pembinaan super-struktur;
Pembinaan jalan dan landasan keretapi; dan
Lanskap.
(c)
Fasa Operasi:
Penghasilan dan pembuangan sisa buangan pepejal;
Penghasilan air sisa buangan domestik;
Penghasilan air sisa buangan industri industri ringan dan air sisa buangan
berjadual;
Penyelenggaraan lanskap, infrastruktur dan utiliti;
Penadahan air hujan;
Pekerjaan kawasan perumahan dan aktiviti-aktiviti komersial; dan
Pergerakan trafik.

3.
KENYATAAN KEPERLUAN
Pelan Struktur Johor (1998-2020) telah menetapkan pembangunan yang seimbang merentasi
pelbagai daerah dalam negeri Johor. Ini memerlukan pembangunan yang aktif untuk
dipanjangkan ke dalam kawasan ini melebihi pusat bandar semasa seperti bandar Johor
Bahru. Perbandaran Nusajaya merupakan salah satu daripada komponen utama dalam
wawasan besar ini bagi pembangunan strategik selatan Johor. Bagi melengkapi wawasan
besar ini ialah dengan penubuhan Pusat Pentadbiran Baru Negeri Johor Kota Iskandar yang
mana terletak dalam Nusajaya dan secara rasminya dibuka pada 16 April 2009. Menjadi
satu projek berimpak tinggi di bawah Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan dan disambung ke
Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh sekarang ini, pembangunan Iskandar Malaysia untuk menjadi
satu hab ekonomi serantau utama adalah menjadi keutamaan yang tinggi. Iskandar Malaysia
diunjurkan untuk menarik pelaburan sebanyak RM47 billion dalam temph lima tahun yang
akan datang, di mana pulangannya akan membantu menampung pertumbuhan tinggi
keluaran dalam negeri kasar (KDNK) Johor pada masa akan datang. Kesan limpahan ekonomi
positif daripada Iskandar Malaysia juga dijangka untuk kawasan-kawasan yang berdekatan.
Gerbang Nusajaya, yang terletak di sempadan barat, kemungkinan adalah bank tanah yang
agak besar yang terakhir (meliputi seluas 2,100 ha) dalam Nusajaya yang belum lagi
dibangunkan. Pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya akan menjadi selari dan melengkapi wawasan
pembangunan keseluruhan Nusajaya dan Iskandar Malaysia. Ia akan terdiri daripada kawasan
perumahan, komersial dan industri ringan. Disebabkan lokasinya yang dekat dengan tapak
Ramsar Sungai Pulai, memadai dan zon penimbal yang dilindungi akan dikekalkan sepanjang
sempadan barat. Zon-zon ini akan digunakan sebagai simpanan semula jadi, taman-taman dan
aktiviti-aktiviti yang berimpak rendah.
4.
PERSEKITARAN FIZIKAL SEDIA ADA
Kawasan projek adalah merujuk kepada kawasan pembangunan perbandaran Gerbang

Nusajaya seperti yang telah ditetapkan, diusulkan dan dirancang untuk projek pembangunan
bercampur termasuklah pembangunan perumahan, komersial, perindustrian, peranginan dan
institusi-institusi lain. Dari segi topografi, tanah didapati beralun-alun di sepanjang kawasan
projek. Sungai-sungai utma yang menyaliri kawasan projek adalah kebanyakannya berada
dalam tapak Ramsar iaitu Sungai Pulai, Sungai Gelang Patah, Sungai Suka Besar, Sungai
Simpang Arang and Sungai Tiram Duku. Hanya Sungai Pendas yang mengalir secara terus ke
dalam Selat Johor di tenggara disifatkan melalui hutan bakau yang tebal. Tanah kawasan
projek yang sedia ada kebanyakannya dipenuhi aktiviti-aktiviti pertanian seperti ladang kelapa
sawit atau getah dan beberapa dusun.
4.1
Geologi
Endapan yang terbentuk terutamanya adalah alluvium berasal daripada tempoh Pleistocene
dan Holocene. Endapan marin lempung dan lumpur menjadi asas kepada Rizab Hutan Pulai
dan dataran pantai Tanjung Kupang sehingga Sungai Pendas. Geologi atau tanah Sungai Pulai
dicirikan oleh tanah lanar bertanah liat atau lumpur; yang mana bersedia terhakiskan;
mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang tinggi dan keupayaan ketahanan.

4.2
Perparitan
Tadahan sungai dalam kawasan pembangunan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah E4.
4.2.1
Tadahan Sungai Gelang Patah
Sungai Gelang Patah mengairi Gerbang Nusajaya di utara dengan bukaan ke dalam Sungai
Pulai. Luas tadahan sehingga Sungai Pulai adalah kira-kira 3,100 ha dengan sungai utama
sepanjang kira-kira 11 km. Perbandaran di tadahan ini meliputi kebanyakan kawasan-kawasan
yang tiada pasang surut di bahagian atas tadahan merangkumi kawasan seluas 1,900 ha.
Dalam Gerbang Nusajaya, Sungai Pulai mengairi kawasan tadahan kira-kira 820 ha.
4.2.2
Tadahan Sungai Pendas
Jumlah tadahan Sungai Pendas adalah kira-kira 1,740 ha namun Gerbang Nusajaya hanya
menduduki kawasan-kawasan bukit di bahagian timur laut tadahan dengan kira-kira 258 ha.
Sungai Pendas mengalir kira-kira dalam arah selatan sebelum melencong ke timur di Ladang
Sungai Pendas dan ke dalam Selat Johor. Bahagian bawah sampai ke liku-likuan sungai di
sepanjang hutan bakau dara Hutan Simpan Pendas dalam dataran pantai rata.
4.2.3
Tadahan Sungai Tiram Duku dan Sungai Simpang Arang
Sungai Tiram Duku dan Sungai Simpang Arang memiliki laluan yang sama ke Sungai Pulai. Luas
tadahan Sungai Tiram Duku dan Sungai Simpang Arang adalah masing-masing 1,268 ha dan
962 ha. Oleh itu, Jumlah luas untuk kedua-dua tadahan sungai adalah 2,230 ha. Dalam
Gerbang Nusajaya, luas tadahan untuk Sungai Tiram Duku dan Sungai Simpang Arang adalah
kira-kira 307 ha dan 528 ha. Sebahagian besar daripada kawasan tadahan adalah paya bakau
dalam Hutan Simpang Sungai Pulai yang mana kemudiannya menjadi sebahagian tapak
Ramsar Sungai Pulai. Kedua-dua sungai utama adalah pendek tetapi secara relatifnya adalah
sungai yang lebar dan dalam di bahagian muara.
4.3
Iklim
Iklim tapak projek yang dicadangkan secara umumnya diklasifikasikan sebagai tropika lembap
dengan suhu seragam, kelembapan tinggi dan hujan penuh. Kelembapan dan suhu
menunjukkan variasi yang sangat kecil sepanjang tahun dan ini menyukarkan untuk
membezakan antara musim lembap dan kering.

Rajah E4
Tadahan Sungai dalam Kawasan Pembangunan

4.3.1
Kelembapan Relatif
Purata Kelembapan Relatif (%)
88.0
87.0
86.0
85.0
84.0
83.0
82.0
81.0
80.0
79.0
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Bulan
Sumber: Stesen Meteorologi JBIA
Figure E5
Kelembapan Relatif (%) untuk Tempoh 2006-2011
4.3.2
Suhu Purata
27.2
27.0
Purata Suhu (C)
26.8
26.6
26.4
26.2
26.0
25.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
25.0
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Bulan
Rajah E6
Suhu Purata Bulanan untuk Temph 2006-2011

Paten Angin Tahunan
Purata Kelajuan Angin Permukaan

(m/s)
4.3.3
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Bulan
Rajah E7
Purata Halaju Paten Angin Tahunan 2006-2011
4.3.4
Hujan
Jadual E7
Purata, Maksimum dan Minimum Hujan Bulanan (mm) yang Direkodkan pada Tempoh 20062010
Hujan
Purata
Jan
239.0
Feb
126.4
Mac
283.0
Apr
260.0
Mei
195.2
Jun
208.8
Jul
137.0
Max
TahunMax
396
2006
179
2007
478
2008
362
2008
240
2007
431
2007
202
2007
Min
Tahun Min
35
2009
99
2008
136
2006
120
2009
113
2008
57
2009
67
2006
Sumber: Stesen Hujan JPS- Ladang Gunung Pulai
Jadual E7
Purata, Maksimum dan Minimum Hujan Bulanan (mm) yang Direkodkan pada Tempoh 20062010
Hujan
Purata
Ogo
173.4
Sep
194.8
Okt
227.6
Nov
262.8
Dis
268.4
Tahunan
2576.4
Max
TahunMax
248
2008
329
2007
412
2008
363
2006
480
2006
4120
Min
Tahun Min
101
2006
53
2009
116
2009
165
2010
91
2009
1153
Sumber: Stesen Hujan JPS- Ladang Gunung Pulai

4.4
Kualiti Udara
Bahagian ini menerangkan keadaan persekitaran sedia ada kualiti udara di sekitar
pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya. Pengawasan kualiti udara persekitaran telah dilakukan pada
24 hingga 26 Februari dan 25 Mei masing-masing untuk parameter Jumlah Zarahan Terampai
(TSP) dan Ozon (O3).
Jadual E8
Koordinat Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Udara
Bil
Latitud
Longitud
Huraian
A1
1 22' 35.63" N
103 35' 23.39" E
A2
1 23' 5.76" N
103 35' 56.73" E
Leisure Farm
A3
1 23' 45.77" N
103 35' 50.02" E
Leisure Farm
A4
1 26' 51.22" N
103 35' 51.88" E
A5
1 24' 50.68" N
103 34' 7.12" E
Keputusan menunjukkan data keadaan asal adalah baik dan mematuhi had yang dibenarkan
oleh Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines.
4.5
Hingar
Bahagian ini menerangkan keadaan asal hingar di sekitar pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya.
Keputusan keadaan asal hingar telah dibandingkan dengan kriteria hingar pembinaan seperti
diberi dalam DOEs Interim Guidelines for Maximum Permissible Sound Levels by Receiving
Land Use (Schedule 1 and 2).
Untuk tujuan kajian ini, waktu malam dan siang perlu dinyatakan mengikut Kriteria Hingar
Pembinaan JAS seperti berikut:
(a)
(b)
Siang: jam 0700 hingga jam 2200; dan

Malam: jam 2200 hingga jam 0700.
Jadual E9
Stesen Pengawasan Hingar
Bil
Latitud
Longitud
Huraian
N1
1 22' 35.63" N
103 35' 23.39" E
N2
1 23' 5.76" N
103 35' 56.73" E
Leisure Farm
N3
1 23' 45.77" N
103 35' 50.02" E
Leisure Farm
N4
1 26' 51.22" N
103 35' 51.88" E
N5
1 24' 50.68" N
103 34' 7.12" E
Pengukuran
Parameter
15 min untuk setiap
pengukuran LAeq,
sekali pada waktu
siang (7am hingga
11pm) dan sekali
pada waktu malam
(11pm hingga 7 am)
Aras hingar keadaan asal telah dilakukan pada 24 Februari hingga 29 Februari 2012.
Keputusan keseluruhan yang diperolehi adalah berada dalam had yang dibenarkan iaitu 65
dBA dan 55 dBA.

4.6
Kualiti Air
Stesen-stesen persampelan kualiti air telah ditubuhkan di tujuh belas (17) stesen di dalam dan
sekitar tapak projek seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual E10. Persampelan kualiti air sedia
ada telah dilakukan pada 23 dan 24 Februari 2012.
Di setiap lokasi persampelan, sampel-sampel air diambil dengan menurunkan alat Van Dorn
Water Sampler mengikut kedalaman air yang dikehendaki. Kedalaman air adalah seperti di
bawah:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Atas: 1 m di bawah permukaan;

Tengah: di pertengahan kedalaman; dan
Bawah: 1 m di atas dasar laut.
Table E10
Koordinat-koordinat Stesen Kualiti Air
Bil
Latitud
Longitud
Huraian
W1
1 22' 7.69" N
103 32' 19.92" E
Hilir Sungai Pulai
W2
1 23' 32.68" N
103 33' 51.05" E
Hulu Sungai Tiram Duku
W3
1 24' 3.84" N
103 32' 35.79" E
Hilir Sungai Tiram Duku
W4
1 24' 36.71" N
103 33' 22.16" E
Hulu Sungai Simpang Arang
W5
1 25' 20.10" N
103 33' 3.93" E
Hulu Sungai Suka Besar
W6
1 25' 14.46" N
103 32' 38.35" E
Pertengahan Sungai Pulai
W7
1 26' 25.73" N
103 35' 6.28" E
Hulu Sungai Senapang
W8
1 26' 27.07" N
103 34' 40.33" E
Hilir Sungai Gelang Patah
W9
1 26' 45.05" N
103 34' 59.88" E
Kampung Orang Asli di Sungai Gelang Patah
W10
1 26' 44.54" N
103 35' 27.63" E
Jambatan Gelang Patah (hulu)
W11
1 27' 24.70" N
103 33' 12.00" E
Hulu Sungai Pulai
W12
1 22' 57.88" N
103 37' 3.37" E
Hulu Sungai Pendas
W13
1 22' 42.40" N
103 38' 17.60" E
Hilir Sungai Pendas
W14
1 20' 46.19" N
103 35' 33.15" E
Hilir Sungai Pok
W15
1 21' 34.95" N
103 35' 26.89" E
Pertengahan Sungai Pok
W16
1 22' 24.43" N
103 35' 51.09" E
Hulu Sungai Pok
W17
1 26' 36.32" N
103 32' 45.05" E
Hilir Sungai Jeram Batu

4.6.1
Analisis Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI)
Jadual E11
Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI)
Stesen
4.7
Huraian
WQI
Kelas
WQ1
Hilir Sungai Pulai
71.01
III
WQ2
66.87
III
WQ3
66.78
III
WQ4
Hulu Sungai Simpang Arang
64.69
III
WQ5
Hulu Sungai Suka Besar
64.67
III
WQ6
Pertengahan Sungai Pulai
67.53
III
WQ7
Hulu Sungai Senapang
57.82
III
WQ8
Hilir Sungai Gelang Patah
59.07
III
WQ9
Kampung Orang Asli di Sungai Gelang Patah
56.91
III
WQ10
Jambatan Gelang Patah (hulu)
38.43
IV
WQ11
Hulu Sungai Pulai
58.37
III
WQ12
Hulu Sungai Pendas
65.62
III
WQ13
Hilir Sungai Pendas
73.87
III
WQ14
Hilir Sungai Pok
74.07
III
WQ15
Pertengahan Sungai Pok
79.82
II
WQ16
Hulu Sungai Pok
77.87
II
WQ17
Hilir Sungai Jeram Batu
64.00
III
Trafik dan Pengangkutan
Satu kaji selidik telah dilakukan oleh Halcrow Group Limited iaitu bilangan trafik sedia ada dan
pengangkutan dalam tapak projek. Ia telah dilakukan pada 29 Februari hingga 1 Mac 2012.
Lokasi-lokasi kaji selidik trafik adalah seperti dalam Rajah E8.

Sumber: Halcrow
Rajah E8
Lokasi Kaji Selidik Trafik
Komposisi kenderaan-kenderaan dikenal pasti semasa kaji selidik dan diringkaskan dalam
Rajah E9.

(a)
Pagi
Petunjuk: 1. LGV = Kenderaan Ringan
2. HGV = Kenderaan Berat
3. MC = Motorsikal
Sumber: Halcrow
(b)
Petang
Rajah E9
Komposisi Pengangkutan
Waktu puncak juga telah diekenalpasti dan ditunjukan dalam Rajah E10.
Waktu Puncak
Pagi
Waktu Puncak
Petang
Rajah E.10
Waktu Puncak

5.
PERSEKITARAN BIOLOGIKAL SEDIA ADA
Bahagian ini membincangkan sistem biologi yang sedia ada dalam kawasan projek. Kajian
sistem biologi ini termasuklah habitat bakau serta flora dan fauna umum yang terdapat dalam
kawasan sedia ada.
5.1
Habitat Bakau
Ekosistem bakau merupakan antara ekosistem yang paling produktif dan sangat kompleks
biologinya yang menyediakan sejumlah besar perkhidmatan ekosistem penting. Bakau
menyediakan sokongan yang penting untuk perikanan komersial dengan bertindak sebagai
habitat semaian, pembiakan, pengeluaran dan penetasan untuk perikanan lepas pantai.
Mereka menyumbangkan bahan organik kepada persekitaran marin, menghasilkan nutrient
untuk fauna kepada kedua-dua bakau sendiri dan ke dalam ekosistem marin dan muara yang
berdekatan. Bakau juga memainkan peranan yang penting dalam perlindungan garis pesisir di
mana mereka berfungsi sebagai penghadang semulajadi; menghapuskan tenaga pemusnah
ombak dan mengurangkan kesan hurikan, siklon, tsunami dan ribut yang melanda.
Terdapat tanda-tanda kukuh yang kebanjiran pasang-surut memainkan peranan yang sangat
penting dalam pengezonan paten-paten bakau. Kekerapan kebanjiran pasang-surut akan
mempengaruhi faktor-faktor persekitaran lain seperti pertukaran nutrien, pengudaraan dan
penyebaran propagule. Kekerapan dan tempoh kebanjiran pasang-surut adalah penting untuk
menentukan zon, taburan dan komposisi spesies hutan bakau. Watson (1928), telah
membahagikan kawasan-kawasan bakau mengikut lima kelas kebanjiran (Jadual E12).
Jadual E12
Taburan Spesies Tumbuhan Bakau Berdasarkan Jenis Kelimpahan
Kelas
Jenis Kebanjiran
Komposisi Spesies
Dibanjiri oleh semua

air pasang besar
Selain beberapa kawasan di mana Rhizophora mucronata mamapu

menjajah dan hidup, kelas ini pada dasarnya tebing lumpur dan
bebas daripada tumbuhan bakau.
Dibanjiri oleh air

pasang sederhana
tinggi
Di pinggir arah laut, spesies-spesies dominan adalah Avicennia

alba, A. marina, dan Sonneratia griffithii manakala dalam muara
jalan air, R. mucronata dan S. caseolaris (lebih banyak di kawasan
hulu sungai) mendominasi.
Dibanjiri oleh air

pasang besar normal
Secara umum, kebanyakan bakau akan tumbuh dalam kelas ini

tetapi Rhizophora, terutamanya R. apiculata mendominasi.
Bruguiera parviflora juga ditanam dengan begitu baik di sini.
Dibanjiri oleh pasang

perbani normal
Bruguiera, terutamanya B. gymnorhiza (walaupun B. parviflora

tetap tumbuh dengan baik) berkembang baik di sini tetapi tidak
bagi Rhizophora. Spesies-spesies lain termasuklah Xylocarpus
granatum, X. mekongensis, Lumnitzera littorea, L. racemosa,
Excoecaria agallocha and fern Acrostichum speciosum dan A.
aureum.
Sekali-sekala dibanjiri
oleh air pasang luar
biasa atau ekuinoks
Bruguiera gymnorhiza sering menguasai; Excoecaria agallocha

selalunya sangat biasa, dengan lantai hutan dilindungi dalam
pongsu udang kara lumpur. Pokok palma bakau Nypa fruticans
juga seringkali menguasai kelas ini. Ini ialah di mana kebanyakan
yang diapanggi marginal bakau berlaku.

Sejumlah sepuluh tapak telah dikaji selidik (Jadual E13).

Jadual E13
Lokasi-lokasi Kaji Selidik dan Kajian Plot Flora di Sungai Pulai, Johor
Tapak
Jenis
Lokasi
Koordinat
Kajian plot dan kaji

selidik flora
Sungai Gelang Patah
01 26 48 N, 103 34 00 E

selidik flora
Sungai Suka Besar
01 25 04 N, 103 33 04 E

selidik flora
Sungai Simpang Arang/ Asli
01 24 31 N, 103 33 16 E
Kaji selidik flora
Sungai Simpang Gelama
01 23 39 N, 103 33 04 E
Kaji selidik flora
Ladang Selbourne
01 25 47 N, 103 33 26 E
Kaji selidik flora
Kampung Arang/ Asli
01 24 37 N, 103 34 31 E

selidik flora
Sungai Tiram Duku
01 23 37 N, 103 33 43 E
Kaji selidik flora
Tompok Bakau Sungai Gelang

Patah
01 25 47 N, 103 34 30 E
Kaji selidik flora
Sungai Keramat
01 24 06 N, 103 34 24 E
Kaji selidik flora
Sungai Simpang Terus
01 23 22 N, 103 34 17 E
Selain daripada data asas, kajian ini turut mengambil kira laporan-laporan yang sedia ada yang
melibatkan Shoreline Management Plan of South Johor (IRDA, 2010), dan New Guidelines
for Management Planning for Ramsar Sites and other Wetlands (Ramsar Convention, 2002).
Ringakasan kekayaan dan struktur komuniti hutan spesies-spesies tumbuhan Sungai Pulai
ditunjukkan dalam Jadual E14.

Jadual E14
Ringkasan Kekayaan Spesies Tumbuhan dan Struktur Komuniti Hutan Sungai Pulai, Johor
Kaji Selidik Umum
Tapak
Kajian Plot
Lokasi Kajian
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Kepadatan
Dirian
(ind./ha)
Sungai Gelang
Patah
11
14
12
19
Sungai Suka Besar
16
Sungai Simpang
Arang/ Asli
10
13
19
Sungai Simpang
Gelama
10
Ladang Selbourne
37
66
74
Kampung Arang/
Asli
14
21
21
Sungai Tiram
Duku
10
12
17
850
2460
Jumlah
Luas
Asas
2
DBH
Biomass
(cm)
(t/ha)
(m /ha)
Purata
Max.
25.13
18.64
30.7
24.48
10.25
56.9
257.04
166.56
Jenis Hutan/
Dominasi
1.00
Didominasi oleh Bakau

Minyak, diikuti dengan
Tengar.
1.53

B. cylindrica and
Lenggadai.
3370
23.32
8.73
29.4
135.21
1.73

X. granatum and
Tengar.
2310
20.45
9.67
28.4
133.39
1.56

Lenggadai.

Kaji Selidik Umum

Tapak
Kajian Plot
Lokasi Kajian
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Fam.
Gen.
Spp.
Kepadatan
Dirian
(ind./ha)
Mangrove at
Ladang Selbourne
Sungai Keramat
Sungai Simpang
Terus
15
22
31
Jumlah
Luas
Asas
2
(m /ha)
DBH
(cm)
Biomass
(t/ha)
Purata
Jenis Hutan/
Dominasi
Max.
Minyak, spesis back
mangrove.
Sungai Keramat adalah
sempadan
antara
Kompartmen 70 dan
71 yang didominasi
oleh aktiviti agrikultur
(kelapa sawit, pisang,
dll).
10
12
17
Spesis back mangrove.

5.2
Haiwan Daratan: Mamalia dan Burung
Tapak-tapak kajian adalah Sungai Simpang Arang dan Sungai Tiram Duku; kedua-duanya
adalah dalam daerah Gelang Patah, Johor. Tapak-tapak tersebut dipilih berdasarkan takat
kawasan bakau dan kebolehcapaian hutan-hutan untuk mendirikan perangkap dan jaring
kabut. Kerja lapangan telah dijalankan pada 17 hingga 21 Februari 2012, dengan tiga hari
persampelan bagi setiap tapak.
5.2.1
Mamalia
Jadual E15
Senarai Spesies Vertebrata yang Direkodkan di Sungai Simpang Arang dan Sungai Tiram Duku,
Johor
Tapak
Keluarga
Spesies
Nama Inggeris
Status
Spg.
Arang
Tiram
Duku
Kaedah
NT dan
CITES II
Pemerhatian
1. Cercopithecidae
Trachypithecus
obscurus
Dusky langur
2. Cercopithecidae
Macaca
fascicularis
Long-tailed
macaque
LC
Pemerhatian
3. Muridae
Rattus rattus
House rat
LC
Perangkap
4. Mustelidae
Lutragale
perspicillata
Smooth otter
Jejak/
Temuramah
5. Viverridae
Paradoxurus
hermaphroditus
Common palm
civet
LC
Temuramah
6. Pteroppodidae
Cynopterus
brachyotis
Lesser dog faced

fruit bat
Jaring Kabut
7. Pteroppodidae
Macroglossus
minimus
Long-tongued
nectar bat
Jaring Kabut
8. Suidae
Sus scrofa
Wild pig
LC
Temuramah
penduduk
tempatan
9. Scuiridae
Callosciurus
notatus
Plantain squirrel
LC
10. Tupaiidae
Tupaia glis
Common
treeshrew
LC
Total No. Species
Perangkap
Perangkap/
Pemerhatian
Nota: Baris-baris yang Berwarna Cerah adalah Mamalia yang Secara Relatif Besar >5 Kampung

5.2.2
Burung
Jadual E16
Senarai Spesies Burung yang Direkodkan di Sungai Simpang Arang dan Sungai Tiram Duku,
Gelang Patah, Johor
Tapak
Bil.
Keluarga
Spesies
Nama Inggeris
Spg.
Arang
Tiram
Duku
IUCN
Status
LC
R, A, TP
LC
R, C, TP
Accipitridae
Haliastur Indus
Brahminy Kite
Accipitridae
Spilornis cheela
Crested Serpent
Eagle
Alcedinidae
Halcyon chloris
Collared
Kingfisher
LC
R & M, C.
TP
Alcedinidae
Alcedo atthis
Common
Kingfisher
LC
R & M, C.
TP
Ardeidae
Butorides
striatus
Little Heron
LC
R & M, A,
TP
Ardeidae
Egretta
eulophotus
Chinese Egret
VU
RA, TP
Ardeidae
Nycticorax
nyetocorax
Black-Crowned
Heron
LC
R, C, TP
Columbidae
Treron vernans
Pink-Necked
Pigeon
LC
R, C, GB
Columbidae
Treron
curvirostra
Thick-billed
Pigeon
LC
R, C, GB
10
Coraciidae
Eurystomus
orientalis
Dollarbird
LC
R & M, C,
TP
11
Corvidae
Corvus
splendens
House Crow
10
LC
I, A, NP
12
Cuculidae
Eudynamys
scolopacea
Common Koel
LC
R & M, C,
TP
13
Cuculidae
Chrysococcyx
minutillus
Malayan Bronze
Cuckoo
LC
R, C, TP
14
Cuculidae
Phaenicophaeus
diardi
Black-Bellied
Malkoha
LC
R, U, TP
15
Cuculidae
Phaenicophaeus
sumatranus
Chestnut-Bellied
Malkoha
LC
R, C, TP
16
Dicaeidae
Dicaeum
cruentatum
Scarlet-Backed
Flowerpecker
LC
R, C, TP
17
Dicaeidae
Prionochilus
percussus
Crimson-Breasted
Flowerpecker
LC
R, C, TP
18
Nectariniidae
Nectarinia
sperata
Purple-Throated
Sunbird
LC
R, U, TP
19
Nectariniidae
Aethopyga
siparaja
Crimson Sunbird
LC
R, U, TP
20
Nectariniidae
Nectarinia
calcostetha
Copper-Throated
Sunbird
LC
R, C, TP

Tapak
Bil.
Keluarga
Spesies
Nama Inggeris
Spg.
Arang
Tiram
Duku
IUCN
Status
LC
R & M, C,
TP
LC
R, C, TP
21
Oriocidae
Oriolus
chinensis
Black-Naped
Oriole
22
Picidae
Picus vittatus
Laced
Woodpecker
23
Picidae
Dinopium
javanese
Common Golden
back
LC
R, C, TP
24
Picnonotidae
Pycnonotus
plumosus
Olive-Winged
Bulbul
LC
R, C, TP
25
Picnonotidae
Pycnonotus
goiavier
Yellow-Vented
Bulbul
LC
R, A, NP
26
Rhipiduridae
Rhipidura
javanica
Pied Fantail
LC
R, C, TP
27
Scolopacidae
Actitis
hypoleucos
Common
Sandpiper
LC
M, C, GB
28
Silviidae
Orthotomus
sepium
Ashy Tailorbird
LC
R, C, TP
29
Silviidae
Orthotomus
sutorius
Common
Tailorbird
LC
R, C, TP
30
Sturnidae
Acridotheres
fuscus
Jungle Myna
>10
>10
LC
R, U, NP
31
Sturnidae
Aplonis
panayensis
Philippine Glossy
Starling
LC
R, A, NP
32
Turdidae
Copsychus
saularis
Magpie Robin
LC
GP, R, P
18
31
Junlah Bilangan Spesies

Nota:
5.3
P=Present
HABITAT: GP=Garden and Parks (including wooded suburban areas), OC=Open country (open grassy
areas, scrub and tin mines), IS=Inland freshwater swamps (mining pools, lakes and padi fields),
MG=Mangroves, MF=Mudflats, RS=Rocky Shores, SS=Sandy Shores, O=Oceanic, CW=CoastalWaters,
LF=Lowland Rainforest (including secondary forest and forest edge), LMF=Lower Montane Rainforest
(including secondary forest and forest edge), UMF=Upper Montane Rainforest;
STATUS OF BIRD: R=Resident, M=Passage migrant/winter visitor, V=Vagrant, XT=Extirpated
LEGAL PROTECTION STATUS: TP=Totally Protected (may not be hunted or reared in captivity),
P=Protected Wild Birds or Mammals, P(I)=Game Birds or Mammals, P(II)=Other Protected Wild Birds or
Mammals, RDB=Red Data Book status consistent with the IUCN-SSC Red List
STATUS THROUGHOUT EXTRALIMITAL RANGE: EX=Extinct, EW=Extinct in the wild, CR=Critically
Endangered, EN=Endangered, VU=Vulnerable, NT=Near-Threatened, EDM=Endemic Species Occurring In
Malaysia, IND=Species introduced to Malaysia
Makrobentos
Lima (5) stesen persampelan (Stesen 1 hingga Stesen 5) telah dipilih untuk kajian ini.
Makrobentos dikumpul menggunakan alat Ponar grab, dengan luas bukaan mulut 0.02 m2.
Sampel-sampel ditapis menggunakan penapis bersaiz 0.5 mm dengan berhati-hati
dipindahkan ke dalam beg polythene dan dicampurkan dengan formalin 4% dalam air laut.
Sampel-sampel kemudiannya dibawa ke makmal untuk analisis lanjut.

Dalam kajian ini, sejumlah 752 individu makrobentos daripada 29 taxa yang berlainan telah
berjaya dikumpulkan. Polychaeta adalah kumpulan yang paling dominan di mana ia mewakili
kira-kira 87.63% daripada keseluruhan makrobentos yang telah dikumpulkan di kawasan
kajian diikuti dengan Crustacean dengan 9.44% daripada keseluruhan individu yang
dikumpulkan. Komuniti makrobentos dalam kawasan kajian secara umumnya boleh dikatakan
berada dalam keadaan yang agak baik. Terdapat jumlah taxa yang tinggi, kepelbagaian spesies
yang tinggi dan nilai kekayaan yang tinggi di mana setanding dengan kawasan lain sepanjang
pesisiran pantai di Malaysia.
5.4
Perikanan
Sampel-sampel ikan diperoleh dengan memasang jaring penghalang dan jaring insang
berdekatan dengan stesen. Jaring penghalang dan jaring insang dipasang dalam cerucuk bakau
bertentangan dengan kawasan Pelabuhan Tanjung Pelepas sehingga ke Sungai Pulai dan anakanak sungainya. Jaring tersebut diperiksa sebanyak dua kali sehari ketika air pasang dan surut.
Selain daripada tangkapan-tangkapan di lapangan, data juga diperoleh melalui hasil tangkapan
nelayan-nelayan berskala kecil tempatan di sekitarnya. Ke semua spesimen-spesimen yang
dikumpulkan dikenal pasti secara sistematik bagi taxa dengan sejauh yang mungkin dengan
bantuan rujukan-rujukan yang ada di Makmal Marin UKM.
Anak-anak Sungai Pulai memiliki kepelbagaian spesies ikan yang tinggi yang meliputi
campuran spesies-spesies ikan yang pelbagai daripada spesies air tawar di hulu sungai (ketika
surut), persekitaran air payau di pertengahan sungai hutan bakau yang kompleks dan spesies
ikan stenohaline yang singgah ke bakau kompleks Sungai Pulai. Semua itu adalah sebahagian
daripada kitaran biologi seperti pengeluaran, penyemaian atau pemakanan berikutan air
pasang penuh.
5.5
Ekosistem Rumput Laut
Rumput laut merupakan satu habitat penting secara ekologi yang membentuk asas kepada
banyak ekosistem marin kompleks laut. Kesan perlindungan dan kelimpahan makanan yang
cukup telah menjadikan ia sebagai tapak pilihan untuk pembiakan, tapak membesar dan
perlindungan sementara untuk ikan dan crustacean (Den Hartog, 1970). Tumbuhan tebal
rumput laut mengeluarkan sejumlah bahan organik yang banyak, dan menawarkan substrat
untuk algae kecil epifitik, mikroflora dan invertebrata sesil.
Kedua-dua padang rumput laut di beting Tanjung Adang dan Merambong berada dalam
keadaan yang baik dan menyokong sebahagian besar pelbagai hidupan marin. Beting Tanjung
Adang, bagaimanapun tidak tebal dan mempunyai kepelbagaiannya seperti beting
Merambong. Kawasan ini juga menerima tekanan yang hebat dari segi persekitarannya kesan
daripada aktiviti-aktiviti pembangunan di PTP. Beberapa bahagian dasar laut telah dilitupi oleh
pasir daripada kawasan pembinaan PTP yang berdekatan. Bagaimanapun, beberapa bahagian
rumput Tanjung Adang Laut berada dalam proses pemulihan.

6.
PERSEKITARAN MANUSIA SEDIA ADA
Persekitaran manusia sedia ada dalam lingkungan 5-km dari kawasan projek telah diambil kira
sebagai kawasan kajian atau zon impak. Data dan maklumat untuk kajian dikumpul daripada
dua sumber utama. Satu kaji selidik sosio-ekonomi telah dijalankan untuk mengumpul
tanggapan dan mengenalpasti sikap komuniti berhubung projek yang dicadangkan.
Keseluruhannya sebanyak 280 sampel (responden) daripada kawasan perumahan dan premis
perniagaan telah dipilih secara rawak daripada kawasan kajian menggunakan teknik
persampelan pengagihan. Taburan sampel-sampel tersebut ditunjukkan dalam Jadual E17.
Jadual E17
Taburan Responden-responden Mengikut Kampung dalam Cadangan Kawasan Projek
Kawasan Persampelan
Bilangan
Pekan Gelang Patah
15
Kampung Melayu
10
Kampung Melayu Wawasan
12
Taman Syed Idrus
15
Taman Perintis
13
Kampung Bukit Tempurong
Kampung Pulai/ Kampung Ulu Pulai/ Kampung Ulu Choh
25
Kampung Jeram Batu/ Kampung Jalan Jelutong
17
Taman Nusantara
56
20
Kampung Tiram/Tiram Duku/Tiram Duku Kiri
16
Kampung Pekajang Bengkok/ Pekajang Lurus
10
Kampung Tanjung Adang/Paya Mengkuang/Desa Mengkuang
14
Kampung Pok Kecil/Kampung Pok Besar
Kampung Tanjung Kupang/Kampung Ladang
Kampung Pendas Baru
Kampung Bukit Kuching
Kampung Bharu
10
Taman Mas
Jumlah
280

6.1
Keputusan Kaji Selidik bagi Pendapat dan Persepsi
Jadual E18
Sebab Bersetuju dan Tidak Bersetuju Terhadap Pelaksanaan Cadangan Projek Pembangunan
Gerbang Nusajaya
Sebab Bersetuju
Peratus (%)
Meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, peluang pekerjaan dan prasarana

Menambahkan peluang perniagaan dan perdagangan
Baik untuk pembangunan negeri dan negara
Meningkatkan kualiti hidup dan prasarana serta kemudahan asas
Hanya jika pengawasan ketat ke atas paya bakau dilakukan dan bakau tersebut
tidak tercemar
Pembangunan yang lebih sistematik
Menjadi setanding dengan kawasan maju lain
60.8
7.4
9.8
13.5
4.1
Jumlah
100.0
Sebab Tidak Bersetuju
Peratus (%)
Kemungkinan pengambilan tanah

Lebih selesa tinggal di dalam suasana kampung
Meningkatkan nilai hartanah, sara hidup, penduduk tempatan tidak mampu
Ancaman pencemaran air di sekitar bakau dan menjejaskan pendapatan nelayan
tempatan
Alam sekitar terganggu
Penduduk tempatan akan tersisih
Kehilangan suasana tenang di kampung dan akhirnya mati
Pertambahan pekerja asing dan masalah-masalah sosial
8.1
16.2
16.2
21.7
Jumlah
100.00
2.0
2.4
10.8
16.2
5.4
5.4
Sumber: Data Lapangan, 2012
Jadual E19
Pendapat-pendapat Lain Berhubung Cadangan Projek
Pendapat-pendapat Lain
Peratus %
Hilang tanah dan hartanah dan kemungkinan tidak mendapat pampasan

Tidak mengambil tanah Melayu untuk membangunkan projek
Projek tidak akan mendatangkan masalah kepapda penduduk sekitar
Pampasan yang setimpal dibayar kepada yang terlibat
Projek perlu menggunakan lebih buruh tempatan
Penduduk tempatan perlu dimaklumkan sekiranya mereka terlibat
Hanya akan bersetuju sekiranya bakau atau sumber pendapatan lain tidak
diabaikan
Membangunkan bukannya membelanjakan untuk alam sekitar
Menyediakan perumahan yang selesa sekiranya perlu berpindah
Lain-lain
10.9
6.7
25.5
7.3
5.5
5.5
4.8
Total
100.0
3.6
3.0
27.2
Sumber: Data Lapangan, 2012

Profil sosial populasi sedia ada dalam lingkungan 5-km dari cadangan Pembangunan Bandar
Gerbang Nusajaya mempunyai median umur 42 tahun dengan pendidikan menengah dan
tinggi. Mereka kebiasaannya bekerja sebagai pekerja di sektor awam dan swasta, dengan
sebilangan besar melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan dan bergantung kepada hasil nelayan
untuk hidup. Rata-ratanya sebanyak 91% daripada responden bersetuju dengan projek ini di
mana ia akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, peluang pekerjaan dan prasarana
sebagai alasan utama manakala yang tidak bersetuju memberikan sebab ancaman kepada
bakau sebagai sumber pendapatan, meningkatnya nilai hartanah dan kos sara hidup yang
mana penduduk tempatan tidak mampu serta disisihkan.
6.2
Maklumbalas Melalui Pendekatan Perseorangan dan Sesi Dialog Umum
Keseluruhannya, majoriti daripada orang awam tidak melibatkan diri dalam kaji selidik sosial
ini. Maklumbalas yang diterangkan dalam bahagian ini adalah merujuk kepada pendapatpendapat yang dikumpulkan daripada orang awam yang hadir semasa sesi dialog awam ini.
Kebimbangan penduduk tempatan boleh dibahagikan kepada lima (5) isu utama iaitu:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
6.3
Pembangunan semasa di sekitar kawasan Gelang Patah telah menyebabkan

pencemaran terhadap kualiti air;
Pembangunan semasa di sekitar kawasan telah menyebabkan pencemaran terhadap
udara;
Pembangunan semasa di sekitar kawasan telah mengganggu keseimbangan ekologi di
mana ia telah menyebabkan monyet dan babi hutan menceroboh kawasan
penempatan manusia;
Penduduk tempatan akan disisihkan di mana projek terbabit terbukti tidak
menguntungkan penduduk tempatan; dan
Sepatutnya ada bahagian-bahagian tertentu di kawasan pembangunan yang mampu
dimiliki oleh penduduk tempatan.
Kesimpulan
Profil sosial populasi sedia ada dalam lingkungan 5-km daripada cadangan projek
pembangunan bandar Gerbang Nusajaya menunjukkan median umur 42 tahun dengan latar
belakang pendidikan menengah atas dan tinggi. Mereka kebanyakannya bekerja sebagai
pekerja di sektor awam dan swasta; ada juga yang terlibat dengan perniagaan dan bergantung
terhadap hasil nelayan. Umumnya, 91% daripada responden-responden bersetuju dengan
projek di mana ia akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, peluang pekerjaan dan
prasarana sebagai sebab utama manakala ancaman terhadap hutan bakau yang merupakan
sumber mata pendapatan, peningkatan nilai hartanah dan kos sara hidup di mana penduduk
tempatan tidak berkemampuan serta penyisihan menjadi sebab mengapa respondenresponden tidak bersetuju.

7.
KAJIAN IMPAK KESIHATAN ALAM SEKITAR
Objektif-objektif penilaian ini termasuklah untuk mengamati status kesihatan orang awam di
kawasan tersebut, daripada negeri Johor secara umumnya dan sehingga ke komuniti Gelang
Patah. Lawatan ke kedua-dua Pejabat Kesihatan Johor Bahru dan Poliklinik Komuniti Gelang
Patah telah dilakukan bagi mengumpulkan data-data kesihatan yang relevan.
7.1
Kesihatan Awam Sedia Ada
Laporan bilangan awal pada 2010 oleh Jabatan Perangkaan, Malaysia menunjukkan Johor
merupakan negeri kedua yang paling tinggi populasinya dengan seramai 3,233,434 orang
dengan kepadatan populasi 168 orang per km2. Beberapa jenis penyakit paling biasa yang
mungkin berkaitan dengan situasi ini adalah penyakit kelamin, batuk kering dan malaria.
Berikutan dengan usaha-usaha oleh pihak berkuasa kesihatan negeri, kesemua penyakitpenyakit ini telah diuruskan dengan berkesan. Selain itu terdapat juga beberapa penyakit lain
iaitu demam denggi, penyakit tangan-mulut-kuku dan keracunan makanan. Perbandingan
kadar insiden untuk penyakit-penyakit tertentu antara Johor dan seluruh negara ditunjukkan
dalam Jadual E20.
Jadual E20
Perbandingan Kadar Insiden untuk Penyakit-penyakit Tertentu antara negeri Johor dengan
Seluruh Negara
Penyakit
Kadar Insiden (per 100,000 pop)

Johor Bahru (2011)
Johor (2008)
Malaysia (2008)
HIV
12.6
15.4
12.9
Malaria
0.8
2.6
23.5
Tuberkulosis
36.1
50.1
68.5
Demam denggi
31.5
107.2
148.7
Denggi berdarah
5.9
11.7
14.2
Keracunan makanan
88.9
97.9
44.2
Penyakit Tangan-KakiMulut (HFMD)
8.6
37.6
47.3
Kesimpulannya, daripada input-input yang telah dinyatakan terdapat dua isu utama.
Pertamanya, kebersihan keseluruhan alam sekitar perlukan penglibatan aktif daripada semua
komuniti dan agensi-agensi yang berkaitan. Kedua, perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan kesihatan
adalah perlu ditambah bagi menampung penduduk-penduduk kawasan setempat.

8.
PELAN KAWALAN HAKISAN DAN SEDIMEN (ESCP)
Bab ini membentangkan kawalan hakisan dan sedimen (ESCP) untuk pembangunan Gerbang
Nusajaya. Tujuan bab ini adalah untuk menangani aspek kawalan hakisan dan sedimen sebagai
sebahagian daripada keperluan laporan DEIA. Bab ini meliputi perkara-perkara berikut:
(a)
(b)
8.1
Menyediakan dan mencadangkan langkah-langkah kawalan hakisan dan sedimen

untuk meminimumkan kerosakan alam sekitar yang disebabkan oleh pembangunan;
dan
Mengenalpasti sumber-sumber yang perlu dilindungi dan dielakkan semasa
pembangunan.
Sistem Pengurusan Air Ribut Tetap
Sistem pengurusan air ribut yang dicadangkan dalam pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya terdiri
daripada sungai dan kolam penahan banjir. Kolam penahan serantau mempunyai dua tujuan
iaitu untuk mengurangkan air pelepasan ketika ribut serta bertindak sebagai lembangan
sedimen untuk meningkatkan kualiti air sebelum dilepaskan ke dalam penerima air hiliran.
Semua cadangan sungai / parit dan kolam penahan dicadangkan oleh Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn.
Bhd. Kolam penahan yang dicadangkan akan digunakan sebagai kolam penahan serantau
banjir yang akan memastikan bahawa reka bentuk pelepasan waktu puncak selepas
pembangunan adalah kurang daripada keadaan sebelum pembangunan supaya sistem
penerima hiliran tidak akan terbeban terutamanya semasa peristiwa ribut yang melampau.
Semua sungai / parit yang dicadangkan adalah direka bentuk untuk dipadankan dengan
topografi yang tepat dan diselaraskan seberapa mungkin. Oleh itu, tiada kawasan kritikal yang
akan menghadapi masalah potensi air banjir yang serius.
8.2
Kawalan Hakisan dan Sedimen (ESC)
Faktor-faktor utama yang menyumbang kepada masalah hakisan tanah adalah ciri-ciri
geomorfologi, tingkah laku iklim dan guna tanah tadahan itu sendiri. Penghayatan terhadap
semua faktor di atas adalah penting bagi memahami proses hakisan tanah yang berlaku di
kawasan tadahan.
Objektif utama hakisan sedimen dan hasil kajian adalah seperti berikut:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Menganggarkan jumlah sedimen yang cenderung untuk berkumpul dalam kawasan

tadahan;
Mendapatkan taburan spatial hakisan tanah dan hasil sedimen kawasan tadahan
kajian;
Menilai hakisan tanah dan hasil sedimen tadahan kajian; dan
Menyediakan input untuk saiz kolam pemendapan dan langkah-langkah kawalan
hakisan yang lain.

Semua analisis di atas telah dijalankan untuk memperolehi anggaran munasabah hakisan
tanah berdasarkan guna tanah tadahan semasa. Keputusan ini kemudiannya digunakan untuk
menganggar hasil sedimen di saluran keluar kawasan tadahan.
8.3
Analisis Hakisan Tanah dan Sedimen
Penilaian dan analisis hakisan tanah dan sedimen adalah berdasarkan pemeriksaan kajian
tapak, ciri-ciri tadahan dan simulasi komputer dengan menggunakan perisian berasasakan GIS.
Anggaran taburan spatial bagi hakisan tanah bagi seluruh kawasan tadahan dijalankan
berdasarkan Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Ini dilakukan dengan melapisi dan
memanipulasi pelbagai imej GIS dalam format grid raster untuk mendapatkan peta hakisan
tanah untuk kawasan tadahan. Daripada peta hakisan tanah, hasil sedimen di pelbagai lokasi
di sepanjang sungai boleh dikira dengan menggunakan parameter nisbah penghantaran di
lokasi-lokasi tertentu yang dikehendaki.
8.4
Analisis Pemendapan untuk Kawasan Tadahan Gerbang Nusajaya
Analisis pemendapan di kawasan tadahan Gerbang Nusajaya merangkumi analisis hasil

hakisan tanah dan sedimen di dalam kawasan kajian. Luas kawasan tadahan ini adalah kirakira 20 km2.
Berpandukan rujukan persamaan RUSLE, maklumat mengenai faktor hujan yang
menyebabkan hakisan, faktor perlindungan tanaman dan pemuliharaan, faktor kredibiliti
tanah dan faktor panjang cerun diperlukan untuk menentukan hakisan tanah bagi keadaan
yang sedia ada.
Hakisan tanah yang diramalkan untuk kawasan tadahan Gerbang Nusajaya sebelum
pembinaan adalah 52.187 tan/tahun. Hasil sedimen yang dianggarkan di saluran keluar
tadahan Gerbang Nusajaya sebelum pembinaan adalah 20.875 tan/tahun.
Ringkasan ramalan hakisan tanah dan anggaran hasil sedimen semasa pembinaan dan selepas
siap ditunjukkan dalam Jadual E21.
Jadual E21
Ringkasan Ramalan Hakisan Tanah dan Anggaran Hasil Sedimen
Nama Sub-Kawasan Tadahan
Keadaan Semasa
Fasa 1 (semasa pembinaan)
Fasa 1 (penyiapan)
Fasa 2 (semasa pembinaan)
Phase 2 (penyiapan)
Phase 3 (semasa pembinaan)
Phase 3 (penyiapan)
Phase 4 (semasa pembinaan)
Phase 4 (penyiapan)
Tan/Tahun
Anggaran Hakisan Tanah
Anggaran Hasil Sedimen
52,187
20,875
99,848
39,939
42,822
17,128
48,754
19,501
42,711
17,084
55,484
22,194
42,626
17,051
143,490
57,396
38,724
15,489

8.5
Strategi-strategi Kawalan Hakisan dan Sedimen
Dalam pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya, terdapat pelbagai langkah-langkah kawalan hakisan

yang akan dilaksanakan bagi mengurangkan pergerakan tanah yang disebabkab oleh air larian
permukaan serta angin. Strategi-strategi yang diguna pakai untuk pembangunan akan
mengikut keperluan-keperluan panduan dari MSMA untuk memastikan bahawa semua set
kriteria dan piawaian dipatuhi. Antara langkah-langkah yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam
pembangunan adalah seperti berikut:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Pertimbangan perancangan tapak;

Penstabilan tanah dengan kaedah kawalan sementara;
Penstabilan tumbuh-tumbuhan;
Penstabilan fizikal;
Lencongan air larian dan pengurangan halaju aliran;
Memerangkap dan menapis sedimen;
Kaedah kawalan tetap; dan
Amalan pengemasan yang baik lain-lain.
8.6
Langkah-langkah Awal Kawalan Hakisan
Jadual E22 di bawah menyenaraikan jadual pemeriksaan dan pembaikan yang kerap untuk
amalan kawalan hakisan dan sedimen seperti yang terdapat di dalam Pelan ESC.
Penyelenggaraan langkah-langkah kawalan hakisan hendaklah dijalankan oleh kontraktor
sepanjang tempoh pembinaan dan amalan-amalan pengemasan yang baik harus dipatuhi
seperti yang telah dibincangkan.
Jadual E22
Pemeriksaan dan Penyelenggaraan Semasa Pembinaan
Langkah Kawalan Hakisan
Tempoh Pembinaan
Penyelenggaraan Yang Diperlukan
Lembangan Sedimen
Peringkat awal sebelum kerjakerja penggredan.
Pemeriksaan
mingguan
selepas
kejadian hujan.
Membuang
sedimen
yang
terperangkap apabila satu pertiga
penuh.
Lencongan Sementara
Pemeriksaan
mingguan
kejadian hujan.
Empangan Kecil
Sementara
Peringkat awal sebelum kerjakerja

penggredan
tetapi
selepas pembinaan saluran
lencongan sementara.
Pemeriksaan
mingguan
selepas
kejadian hujan.
Membuang
sedimen
yang
terperangkap apabila satu pertiga
penuh.
Pagar Kelodak
Pemeriksaan
mingguan
selepas
kejadian hujan.
Kelodak dikeluarkan dan pembaikan
yang perlu.
Tumbuh-tumbuhan
Terpelihara
Kawasan-kawasan di mana tumbuh-tumbuhan dipelihara tidak boleh

diganggu.
selepas

Langkah Kawalan Hakisan
Tempoh Pembinaan
Penyelenggaraan Yang Diperlukan
Pagar Sempadan
Dipasang pada peringkat awal

selepas pemilikan tapak.
Pembaikan seperti yang diperlukan.
Stok
Semasa Kerjatanah.
Membaiki pagar kelodak perimeter

jika perlu.
9.
POTENSI IMPAK SIGNIFIKAN DAN LANGKAH KAWALAN
Impak-impak daripada pembangunan akan dinilai berdasarkan aktiviti-aktiviti berikut:

(a)
(b)
(c)
Impak-impak dan langkah kawalan sebelum pembinaan;

Impak-impak dan langkah kawalan semasa pembinaan; dan
Impak-impak dan langkah kawalan semasa operasi.

Jadual E23
Ringkasan Impak dan Cadangan Langkah Kawalan
Aktiviti
Potensi Impak Alam Sekitar
Langkah Kawalan
1. Penempatan Semula
Tiada penempatan semula yang terlibat dalam pembangunan Gerbang
Nusajaya.
SEBELUM
PEMBINAAN
Tiada langkah kawalan yang diperlukan.
2. Kerja-kerja Kaji Selidik dan Penyiasatan Tanah

Pada peringkat ini, selain sikap ingin tahu terhadap pemerhati, potensi
impak utama adalah pemilihan kontraktor-kontraktor terutamanya
kontraktor kaji selidik dalam melakukan tugas dan kelebihan ekonomi
yang ada bersamanya.
Di dalam kes-kes yang memerlukan panduan dan bantuan tambahan,

penduduk-penduduk tempatan perlulah diberikan keutamaan kerana
ia bukan sahaja memberikan faedah ekonomi kepada mereka dari
segi pendapatan lebihan malahan satu perasaan menyertai
pembangunan di sekitar mereka juga.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
1. Kualiti Air
(i)
(i)
Strategi perlindungan bertingkat.
(ii)
Pembersihan tapak dan kerja tanah perlulah dikawal dan

dijalankan secara berperingkat bagi meminimakan impak.
Penjanaan biojisim boleh menyebabkan pencemaran kualiti air

sekiranya tidak dibuang dengan cara yang sepatutnya.
(iii) Sistem perparitan sementara dengan saiz yang berpadanan dan

lokasi kolam pemendapan perlu dibina mengikut spesifikasi yang
ditetapkan dalam panduan ESCP.
(iii) Aktiviti-aktiviti pemotongan tanah dan penambakan akan

menyebabkan kemasukan tanah dan sedimen ke dalam sungaisungai utama.
(iv) Perangkap kelodak perlulah dipasang bagi menangani larian

berlebihan daripada projek yang dicadangkan bagi meminimakan
kemasukan sedimen ke dalam sungai.
(iv) Tumpahan konkrit daripada aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan boleh

memasuki ke dalam saluran air dan seterusnya ke dalam hutan
bakau sekiranya tiada langkah kawalan yang sepatutnya diambil.
(v)
(v)
(vi) Tanah permukaan yang dialihkan yang akan digunakan kemudian

akan disimpan buat sementara (simpanan stok) di satu kawasan
yang telah ditentukan dan dikawal rapi.
(ii)
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
Pembersihan tapak dan kerja tanah boleh menyebabkan hakisan

atau larian yang mengandungi zarahan pepejal yang tinggi (SS).
Sedimen daripada kerja-kerja pembersihan dan penggeledahan
akan memasuki aliran dengan larianke dalam jalan air dan akan
menyebabkan sungai tersumbat.
Kebocoran minyak dan gris atau tumpahan daripada jenterajentera berat semasa kerja akan meresap masuk ke dalam tanah
dan seterusnya menyebabkan pencemaran air bawah tanah.
Biojisim merangkumi minyak sawit, getah dan pokok-pokok dusun

bersama dengan semak sepatutnya tidak terdorong ke dalam
saluran air.
(vi) Aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan memerlukan pekerja-pekerja untuk

tinggal di kem-kem di tapak projek. Pembuangan secara terus
bahan buangan yang tidak dirawat boleh mengancam kualiti air.
Pembuangan sisa pepejal dan kumbahan secara tidak terancang
boleh menyebabkan pelepasan ke dalam saluran air melalui air
larian atau air larut resap.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti

(vii) Sisa buangan berjadual yang dihasilkan daripada bengkel
penyelenggaraan, sekiranya tidak dibuang secara terancang
boleh memasuki saluran air dan mencemarkan air.
Langkah Kawalan
(vii) Saliran sementara mesti dibina bagi menangani larian permukaan
supaya impak kumulatif dapat dikurangkan.
(viii) Kawalan sedimen dan hakisan seperti yang dicadangkan dalam
Chapter 8: Erosion and Sediment Control Plan perlulah dipatuhi
bagi mengatasi mendapan ekstrem dalam penerima saluran air.
(vii) Tandas-tandas sementara seperti yang telah ditetapakan oleh
Jabatan Perkhidmatan dan Pembentungan (JPP) perlulah
disediakan untuk pekerja-pekerja di tapak bagi mengelakkan
pencemaran najis. Tangki septik pula mestilah selalu dibuang
bahan enapcemar.
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
(viii) Kem untuk pekerja-pekerja perlulah dilengkapi

kemudahan pelupusan sisa pepejal yang sesuai.
dengan
(ix) Sisa buangan berjadual yang dihasilkan di bengkel

penyelenggaraan mestilah dibuang mengikut EQ(SW)R 2005 dan
tidak sekali-kali dilepaskan ke alam sekitar.
(x)
Rawatan enapcemar perlu dilakukan bagi memastikan buangan

adalah selamat untuk dilepaskan ke dalam saluran air.
(xi) Semua bahan kimia terpakai mesti disimpan sewajarnya dan

diletakkan di atas permukaan konkrit atau batas dengan takungan
sesuai bagi membendung di bawah tumpahan.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
(xii) Perangkap-perangkap gris perlu dipasang di kantin-kantin tapak
bagi mengelakkan gris daripada memasak memasuki longkang.
Kesemua langkah kawalan di atas akan diterangkan dengan dengan
lebih lanjut dalam Bill of Quantities (BQ) dokumen tender.
2. Kualiti Udara
(i) Tapak kerja yang tinggi adalah terdedah kepada angin; oleh itu
debu dan puing mudah diterbangkan ke kawasan-kawasan
perumahan yang berdekatan.
(ii)
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
dan
(ii) Penstabilan tanah di kawasan pembersihan tapak akan

memastikan penyerakan debu tidak berlaku.
(iii) Pembakaran terbuka sisa pembinaan dan semak boleh berlaku

secara tidak sengaja atau pun dengan sengaja dilakukan.
(iii) Prosedur piawaian pengurangan debu seperti penyemburan air

perlulah kerap dijalankan.
(iv) Pertambahan kenderaan-kenderaan berat untuk mengangkut

bahan-bahan binaan akan menambahkan lagi tahap pencemaran
udara dii sekitar kawasan tersebut.
(iv) Kemudahan membasuh tayar atau roda perlu disediakan di

kesemua pintu keluar kenderaan.
(v)
Peningkatan zarahan terampai, penyebaran

pengeluaran gas ekzos boleh disingkirkan ke udara.
debu
(i) Aktiviti-aktiviti yang dikhuatiri akan mengahasilkan debu yang

tinggi tidak boleh dilakukan di kawasan-kawasan yang sensitif
ketika keadaan angin yang tidak baik dan musim kering.
Pergerakan kenderaan-kenderaan di atas jalan yang tidak

berturap dan tapak pembinaan boleh menghasilkan debu ke
dalam udara, secara tidak langsung mengurangkan lagi tahap
kualiti udara dan mengurangkan jarak penglihatan.
(vi) Jentera-jentera yang meninggalkan tapak juga boleh

meninggalkan lumpur dan kelodak di atas jalan utama dan
seterusnya mempengaruhi kualiti udara dan jarak penglihatan, di
samping menjejaskan pengguna-pengguna jalan raya.
(v) Tanah perlu dimampatkan bagi mengelakkan hakisan angin.

(vi) Kerja tanah perlu dikendalikan secara berperingkat, bukannya
sekaligus.
(vii) Kawasan-kawasan yang dibersihkan perlulah ditanam dengan
rumput secepat yang mungkin.
Pembakaran secara terbuka adalah dilarang sama sekali seperti yang
telah dinyatakan dalam Akta KualiAlam Sekitar (Akta 127).

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
3. Hingar
(i)
Aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan akan menyebabkan bunyi hingar dan

mengganggu ketenteraman kawasan sekeliling.
(i)
Larangan hingar aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan di antara jam 0700

hingga jam 2000 sahaja apabila bekerja berdekatan dengan
kawasan sensitif.
(ii)
Aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan perlulah dikurangkan pada hujung

minggu dan cuti umum apabila berdekatan dengan kawasankawasan sensitif.
(iii) Penyelenggaraan enjin diesel yang sewajarnya di tapak projek

adalah bagi mengelakkan hingar yang melampau daripada
jentera-jentera yang rosak.
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
(iv) Jangkaan tempoh aktiviti-aktiviti hingar perlulah dimaklumkan

kepada penduduk-penduduk yang terlibat.
(v)
Pengawasan hingar perlulah dijalankan bagi memastikan tahap

hingar tidak melebihi garis panduan yang telah ditetapkan oleh
Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS).
(vi) Bored piles, injection piles dan lain-lain kaedah pemasangan

cerucuk yang menghasilkan impak hingar yang rendah perlulah
digunakan sekiranya berdekatan dengan reseptor sensitif.
(vii) Lencongan trafik perlulah dirancang dengan betul untuk
memastikan jalan-jalan tempatan dapat dielakkan, di mana yang
sesuai.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti

4. Hidrologi dan Saliran
(i) Penukaran guna tanah boleh menyebabkan berlakunya proses
larian yang cepat ketika hujan disebabkan oleh pembersihan
semak sedia ada di mana menyingkirkan kapasiti pegangan air
oleh tanah. Kadar aliran dan isipadu akan meningkat di mana
keamatannya bergantung kepada saiz kawasan yang terlibat
dalam projek. Peristiwa ini akan menyebabkan hakisan dan
pemendapan di dalam sungai dan lembangan, seterusnya
membawa kepada banjir kilat.
Langkah Kawalan
(i)
Sistem perparitan perlu direka bentuk berpandukan kepada

Manual Saliran Mesra Alam, Malaysia (MSMAM) yang diterbitkan
oleh Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Malaysia (JPS).
(ii)
Penyelesaian yang berkesan bagi menangani masalah hakisan dan

sedimen bermula dengan perancangan dan pengurusan yang baik
bagi sesuatu projek pemmbangunan.
(iii) Lencongan perparitan ke sebuah lagi sungai perlu dikenal pasti

dan seharusnya dirawat dengan sewajarnya.
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
(iv) Parit-parit penyambung mesti dipasang di lereng-lereng bagi

mengurangkan hakisan tanah dan larian permukaan ke dalam
sistem air.
(v)
Alat-alat perangkap kawalan hakisan tanah dan sedimen perlulah

dipasang terlebih dahulu atau dengan kadar yang segera semasa
pembinaan.
(vi) Langkah-langkah kawalan mutu atau amalan pengurusan yang

terbaik adalah dengan mengawal bahan pencemar pada puncapuncanya seperti rak-rak sampah, penapis minyak, perangkap
endapan dan perangkap pencemar kasa (GPT).
(vii) Pemaju/Kontraktor akan melaksanakan ESCP mengikut Pelan Kerja
Tanah yang diluluskan oleh jurutera.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti

5. Trafik dan Pengangkutan
(i) Kerja-kerja pembinaan akan mengganggu keadaan
lalu lintas terutamanya pada masa puncak.
(ii)
Selain daripada gangguan lalu lintas sementara yang

disebabkan oleh penutupan atau lencongan,
gangguan lalu lintas perlulah dimaklumkan di laluan
kenderaan dan boleh melibatkan kesesakan setempat
dari masa ke masa.
(iii) Kenderaan-kenderaan berat boleh merosakkan jalan

raya sedia ada dan akan menyebabkan lubang-lubang
yang akan membahayakan pengguna-pengguna jalan
raya lain.
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
(iv) Bahan-bahan rosak yang tertumpah di atas

permukaan jalan di sepanjang kawasan projek,
contohnya Jalan Gelang Patah, Jalan Tanjung Kupang
dan Jalan Pendas Laut, boleh menggugat kelancaran
perjalanan jalan raya.
6. Lanskap
(i) Gangguan tanah untuk kerja-kerja lanskap boleh
menyebabkan hakisan tanah, pemendapan sungai,
pergerakan jisim, pencemaran tanah dan perubahan
rejim hidrologi.
Langkah Kawalan
(i)
Penjaga bendera atau lampu trafik perlu dipasang bagi mengawal

pergerakan lalu lintas bagi tempat-tempat yang memerlukan.
(ii)
Jalan masuk ke tapak perlu diperkukuhkan sebelum kerja-kerja pembinaan

dimulakan dan diselenggara sepanjang tempoh pembinaan dengan garis
panduan daripada Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) atau pihak berkuasa tempatan.
(iii) Lampu amaran dan pencahayaan yang betul perlulah dipasang di kawasan
jalan yang berbahaya bagi memastikan keselamatan pengguna jalan raya.
(iv) Papan kenyataan dan lencongan lalu lintas perlulah ditegakkan dengan
sewajarnya di sepanjang jalan dan mematuhi syarat-syarat Manual Arahan
Teknik (Jalan) 2C/85 ke atas Alat-alat Kawalan Trafik Tanda-tanda
Sementara dan Kawalan Zon Kerja yang dikemukakan oleh Cawangan Jalan,
JKR, Malaysia dan dikemas kini oleh Road Engineering Association of
Malaysia (REAM) atau apa-apa dokumen berkaitan yang diterbitkan oleh
pihak berkuasa tempatan.
(i)
Penggunaan tanah permukaan organik (gambut mos kompos) adalah

disyorkan di samping penggunaan baja mesra alam.
(ii)
Tanah dan tumbuh-tumbuhan boleh dikitar semula dengan melakukan

penempatan semula semak dan tumbuh-tumbuhan daripada membuangnya.
(iii) Konkrit lama boleh dikitar semula untuk pembinaan jalan atau laluan.
(iv) Penyelenggaraan berjadual kenderaan-kenderaan dan peralatan-peralatan
bagi mengurangkan pencemaran.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
7. Kawasan Alam Sekitar Sensitif (ESA)

Flora dan Fauna
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
(i)
Pemendapan boleh mempengaruhi hidupan akuatik manakala

kekeruhan pula boleh menyekat cahaya matahari sampai ke
tumbuhan akuatik, seterusnya menghalang fotosintesis.
(i)
Satu zon penampan tanah kering yang selamat iaitu 100 meter
daripada hutan paya bakau Ramsar dan 30 meter daripada
kawasan bakau di luar Ramsar diisytiharkan dan MESTI diikuti.
(ii)
Hakisan daripada permukaan tanah yang tiada tumbuhan di

kawasan yang tidak dibendung serta larian permukaan tanah
alluvium yang signifikan isipadunya dijangkakan berlaku ketika
hujan lebat seterusnya mengancam organisma marin yang
berada berdekatan dengan tapak projek.
(ii)
Tiada pembuangan air tercemar secara terus dibenarkan semasa

pembinaan (lebih-lebih lagi sedimen) begitu juga semasa operasi
(sisa buangan organik.
(iii) Penghasilan dan penyerakan sedimen akan menyebabkan

kekeruhan air yang serius boleh menurunkan kualiti air lantas
menjejaskan organisma-organisma akuatik.
(iii) Bagi aras rendah di bawah 5 meter berdekatan dengan sempadan

Ramsar, jari kaki cerun mesti menyinggah di garisan penimbal.
(iv) Kepekatan sebenar sedimen terampai perlulah dipastikan agar
bawah daripada 50 mg/L.
(v)
Kaji selidik flora dan fauna perlu kerpa dijalankan.
(vi) Pengawasan berkala tahap pelepasan bahan-bahan pencemar,

kualiti air marin, dan hidupan marin perlu dijalankan semasa
pembinaan dan ketika operasi pembangunan
Gerbang
Nusajaya.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
8. Sosio-ekonomi
(i)
Pembangunan ini akan meningkatkan ekonomi setempat,

seterusnya menambah baik kedudukan ekonomi penduduk
tempatan.
(ii)
Pengambilan ratusan pekerja-pekerja akan sedikit sebanyak

dapat menambahkan permintaan barangan dan perkhidmatan
asas.
(iii) Kehadiran ratusan pekerja-pekerja di sekitar tapak pembinaan

misalnya di kem akan mewujudkan kekacauan lebih-lebih lagi
terdapatnya pelbagai etnik.
SEMASA
PEMBINAAN
(i)
Pengambilan buruh dari kalangan penduduk tempatan akan

menjadi yang paling bermanfaat.
(ii)
Kepentingan pekerja haruslah dijaga.
(iii) Pekerja patut didedahkan kepada etika kerja yang betul dan
sentiasa mengutamakan keselamatan.
(iv) Pengangkutan bahan-bahan kepada dan daripada
pembinaan perlu dijalankan pada waktu bukan puncak.
(v)
(iv) Kehadiran pekerja dan jentera bersama akan menyumbang untuk

berlakunya kemalangan jika tidak ditangani, diselia dan ditadbir
dengan betul.
(v)
Skala kerja, jadual kerja dan kedekatan untuk ke perkampungan

atau jalan sedia ada akan menyebabkan gangguan kepada manamana persekitaran yang aman secara relatifnya.
(vi) Kerja-kerja lanskap dengan bahan-bahan yang betul dan sesuai

serta tumbuh-tumbuhan akan menambahkan lagi keindahan
kawasan.
tapak
Keadaan kem akan mempunyai taraf hidup tertentu yang baik

yang mana disediakan ruang pengudaraan yang baik, kemudahan
asas, kebersihan yang betul dan tidak sesak.
(vi) Pembangunan mestilah dilakukan secara berhati-hati dan sensitif

kepada masyarakat Orang Asli di Kampung Simpang Arang.
(vii) Amalan pengurusan pembinaan yang terbaik mesti dilaksanakan.
(viii) Penandaan zon bekerja yang betul perlu diletakkan.
(vii) Pepejal terampai daripada larian permukaan ke dalam sungaisungai akan menjejaskan ekonomi sedia ada penduduk tempatan
sekiranya tidak dikawal.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
1. Penghasilan dan Pembuangan Sisa

Kualiti Air
SEMASA OPERASI
(i)
Sisa Pepejal
- Sungai Pulai Ramsar yang dilindungi dan sensitif boleh
terjejas sekiranya sisa tidak diuruskan dengan betul.
(i)
Sesetengah bahan buangan seperti bahan plastik, kertas, kadbod

dan kain boleh diguna semula dan dijual kepada peniaga barangan
terpakai.
(ii)
Air Sisa Domestik

- Tanpa pengurusan yang betul STP, kumbahan dan air
basuhan akan menyebabkan bau dan pencemaran
persekitaran badan-badan air.
(ii)
Tong atau kawasan untuk mengumpul sisa yang berbeza akan

dikitar semula atau digunakan semula.
(iii) Air Sisa Perindustrian

- Buangan terjadual mendatangkan bahaya kepada manusia,
alam sekitar dan harta benda.
(iii) Kekerapan kutipan boleh dikurangkan dengan pengkomposan sisa

putrescible.
(iv) Kumbahan mesti dirawat mengikut keperluan SPAN/IWK.
(v)
Pemantauan kualiti efluen yang dilepaskan harus dijalankan.
(vi) Penyingkiran nutrien atau rawatan tertiari dalam STP adalah

digalakkan.
(vii) Prestasi loji rawatan air sisa mestilah dipantau dengan rapi.
Hingar
(i)
Kesan hanya akan menjadi penting jika zon perindustrian yang

terletak berhampiran kawasan kediaman dan hingar sensitif.
(i)
Langkah-langkah kawalan hingar seperti mewujudkan zon

penampan, penanaman tumbuh-tumbuhan dan pengurusan lalu
lintas boleh mengurangkan bunyi di lokasi tertentu.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
2. Penyelenggaraan Lanskap
Kualiti Air
(i)
Penyelenggaraan lanskap boleh menghasilkan sisa seperti racun

perosak, baja dan aliran lain yang boleh mencemarkan sungai.
(i)
Mengehadkan persenyawaan.
(ii)
Semua pengendali baja mesti terlatih dan berlesen.
(iii) Rumput kitaran di kawasan turf.

(iv) Retrofitting lanskap yang tidak cekap dengan mengurangkan
kawasan turf dan mewujudkan penanaman lanskap baru dengan
tumbuh-tumbuhan penyelenggaraan yang lebih rendah.
SEMASA OPERASI
(v)
Satu program penyelenggaraan lanskap yang baik perlu

diwujudkan.
(i)
Cadangan sistem aliran utama harus mengikuti rapat pola saliran

yang sedia ada semulajadi menggunakan sungai yang sedia ada
seperti outlet semulajadi.
(ii)
Longkang-longkang akan digabungkan dengan

Pencemar Kasar (GPT) untuk keberkesanan.
Hidrologi dan Saliran

(i)
Reka bentuk yang tidak wajar dan kurangnya penyelenggaraan

boleh menyebabkan peningkatan dalam kadar pelepasan puncak.
(ii)
Lanskap boleh menggalakkan hakisan dan pemendapan yang

disebabkan perubahan kepada rejim hidrologi.
(iii) Air larian permukaan dari kawasan lanskap boleh membawa

nutrien yang tinggi dari baja.
Perangkap
(iii) Kolam tahanan dan saliran yang sepatutnya akan dipasang.

(iv) Rizab sungai akan ditanda bagi semua anak sungai mengikut
kehendak JPS.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
3. Pergerakan Lalu lintas

(i)
Jika jalan raya tidak dinaik taraf atau melaksanakan seperti yang
diharapkan dan diperlukan, akan ada pergerakan perlahan
kesesakan lalu lintas, pada kesesakan dan ketidakcekapan
penghantaran dan pergerakan barang-barang terutamanya pada
waktu puncak.
(i)
Penjaga bendera atau lampu trafik perlu dipasang bagi

mengawal pergerakan lalu lintas bagi tempat-tempat yang
memerlukan.
(ii)
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), keretapi transit dan sistem keretapi

telah dicadangkan.
(i)
Dengan peluang pekerjaan yang luas, penduduk tempatan

harus bersedia untuk bersaing dalam pasaran pekerjaan.
(ii)
Penduduk tempatan boleh mendapat pekerjaan baru dan

moden, terutama sekali dalam sektor rekreasi.
(ii)
Waktu sibuk boleh dilanjutkan lebih lama daripada waktu sibuk

biasa.
4. Sosio-ekonomi
Kesan atas Penglibatan Ekonomi
SEMASA OPERASI
(i)
(ii)
Berjalannya operasi bandar Gerbang Nusajaya akan lebih

mengambil kira aktiviti yang akan mendorong lebih banyak peluang
pekerjaan lain dengan secara tidak langsung.
Terdapat juga peluang pemilikan rumah untuk penduduk tempatan
dengan pembangunan yang dijangka akan menampung penduduk
seramai 75,417 orang.
(iii) Cara perlu ditemui untuk membolehkan penduduk tempatan

untuk memiliki beberapa rumah.
Kesan atas Estetika

(i)
(ii)
Penyelenggaraan landskap, infrastruktur dan utiliti akan

memastikan nilai estetika pembangunan dikekalkan. Infrastruktur
dan utiliti juga akan dijaga dengan baik.
(i)
Kerja penyelenggaraan perlu dilakukan secara berkala.
(ii)
Penduduk
tempatan
pengambilan pekerja.
perlu
dipertimbangkan
dalam
Peluang pekerjaan akan dipertingkatkan.

Jadual E23
Aktiviti
Langkah Kawalan
Kesan atas Keselamatan

(i)
Pergerakan trafik boleh mengancam keselamatan.
(i)
Papan tanda yang jelas perlu diletakkan di jalan raya.
5. Operasi Komersial
(i)
Pusat membeli-belah yang baru dibangunkan akan memenuhi

aspirasi mereka untuk pilihan barangan yang berkualiti tinggi
dan pengalaman membeli-belah yang menarik.
(i)
Ia adalah penting untuk mengimbangi semua jenis

pembangunan untuk melindungi perniagaan kecil yang sedia
ada.
(ii)
Para penghuni yang sedia ada akan mendapat beberapa

peluang pekerjaan dalam usaha menambah baik kehidupan
mereka.
(ii)
Penadahan air hujan hendaklah diterokai sebagai sumber

tambahan bekalan air.
SEMASA OPERASI
(iii) Perniagaan yang sedia ada dalam bandar Gelang Patah mungkin
berisiko menghadapi persaingan yang sengit apabila pusat
membeli-belah yang besar mula beroperasi.
(iii) Potensi kegunaan District Cooling System (DCS) akan diterokai

bagi mengurangkan penggunaan kuasa.
(iv) Adalah dicadangkan bahawa pembangunan perlulah dicapai
dengan kemudahan WiFi.
(iv) Jumlah permintaan air untuk Pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya

dianggarkan sebagai 24.5 juta gelen setiap hari berdasarkan
guna tanah awal yang dicadangkan.
(v)
Berdasarkan anggaran permintaan awal ialah 169.1MW, dua (2)

buah 132kV Pencawang Masuk Utama diperlukan.

10.
IMPAK-IMPAK SISA
Lima kesan sisa telah dikenal pasti, seperti yang telah disenaraikan di bawah:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Penurunan kualiti air;

Peningkatan lalu lintas; dan
Peningkatan keadaan sosio-ekonomi.
10.1
Penurunan Kualiti Air
Pelepasan efluen dari loji rawatan kumbahan berpusat (STP) ke dalam Sungai Pok boleh
menjejaskan kualiti air sungai jika tidak diuruskan dengan betul. Penurunan kualiti air
seterusnya boleh menjejaskan Selat Johor. Pelepasan efluen yang tidak dirawat sewajarnya
yang mengandungi nutrient (nitrat dan fosfat) boleh menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Ini akan
membawa kepada peningkatan tahap BOD di dalam air itu yang akan mempengaruhi
keseimbangan ekologi kehidupan akuatik.
10.2
Peningkatan Lalu Lintas
Pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya dijangka akan meningkatkan lalu lintas dalam kawasan
tersebut. Kehadiran pusat membeli-belah, pusat auto dan lain-lain bangunan komersial di
samping tarikan sedia ada akan menarik ramai orang dari Singapura serta dari bahagianbahagian lain di Malaysia datang ke Gerbang Nusajaya. Kesesakan lalu lintas adalah
dijangkakan pada waktu puncak.
10.3
Peningkatan Keadaan Sosio-ekonomi
Kesan terhadap keadaan sosio-ekonomi mungkin melibatkan:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Peluang pekerjaan akan diwujudkan semasa fasa operasi;

Kemungkinan manfaat kepada komuniti tempatan akan menjadi hasil kepada
peralihan dalam struktur pekerjaan dan pengaruh kepada tahap gaji tempatan;
Nilai sektor-sektor yang berpotensi; dan
Peningkatan kemudahan yang sedia ada di dalam penempatan sekitarnya; dan apabila
Gerbang Nusajaya siap sepenuhnya, perbandaran ini akan melengkapkan sepenuhnya
seluruh pembangunan Nusajaya. Bangunan yang baru dibangunkan dan infrastruktur
akan menjadi satu lagi pembangunan kelas tinggi di negeri Johor, menarik ramai
penduduk-penduduk dan pelabur-pelabur. Ini akan memberi manfaat kepada
penduduk tempatan dari segi ekonomi.

11.
PENILAIAN EKONOMI ALAM SEKITAR
Ia adalah amat penting bahawa hanya pertambahan kos dan faedah alam sekitar diambil kira
dalam analisis ini. Jadual E24 di bawah menunjukkan senarai perkhidmatan alam sekitar yang
berpotensi untuk terjejas (kedua-dua positif dan negatif) oleh projek itu.
11.1
Penilaian Kos dan Faedah
11.1.1 Nilai Ekonomi Fungsi Carbon Sink Kawasan Minyak Sawit

Sejumlah 1.291 hektar kawasan pertanian akan ditukar ke guna tanah perumahan dan
komersial. Dalam kajian baru-baru ini berdasarkan rujukan yang diperolehi, Sauerborn1 (2008)
menganggarkan bahawa jumlah biojisim di atas dan di bawah permukaan tanah di sebuah
ladang kelapa sawit adalah 82.5 26.0 tan sehektar. Manakala Syahrinudin2 (2005)
menganggarkan jumlah kandungan karbon 40.4% daripada biojisim kelapa sawit dan 50%
untuk lain-lain tumbuhan menetapkan 35.3 11.0 tan karbon sehektar dalam jangka hayat
ekonomi kelapa sawit kira-kira 25 tahun. Jumlah ini apabila ditukar dalam unit bersamaan CO2
sebanyak 129.3 40.3 tan sehektar ditetapkan. Angka 125 tan/hektar digunakan dalam kajian
ini untuk menentukan jumlah karbon di peringkat kematangan pokok kelapa sawit 25 tahun
memberikan karbon linear penetapan kadar tahunan sebanyak kira-kira 5 tan/hektar/tahun.
Terdapat dua pendekatan umum untuk menilai fungsi pemencilan karbon (Pearce (1992) iaitu:
(a)
(b)
Damage-avoidance approach menyamakan nilai tan carbon sequestering untuk kos

mengelakkan kerosakan apabila jumlah karbon yang sama dilepaskan ke atmosfera;
dan
Offset approach menyamakan nilai tan carbon sequestering untuk kos yang terlibat
dalam mengurangkan jumlah karbon yang sama dari atmosfera.
Harga karbon di bawah European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) telah berubahubah dari masa ke masa (antara sekitar 5 hingga 24 ). Kajian ini menggunakan harga
terbaru pada Julai 2012 iaitu 8/ton untuk tujuan penilaian dalam laporan DEIA ini.
Germer, J. and J. Sauerborn, Estimation of the impact of oil palm plantation establishment on greenhouse gas
balance, Environment Development and Sustainability, 2008, Volume 10, Number 6, Pages 697-716.
2
Syahrinudin, The potential of oil palm and forest plantations for carbon sequestration on degraded land in
Indonesia. In P. L. G. Vlek, M. Denich, C. Martius, C. Rodgers and N. V. D. Giesen, Ecology and Development Series,
28. Cuvillier Verlag, Gottingen, Germany.

Jadual E24
Senarai Perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan Alam Sekitar Terjejas yang Boleh Dinilai
Bil.
Komponen Alam Sekitar
Guna tanah Hutan bakau
Guna tanah
2
Pengeluaran ladang
kelapa sawit
Sifat Potensi Impak/ Perkhidmatan Alam

Sekitar Terjejas
Kehilangan kekal kawasan hutan bakau
dan perkhidmatan alam sekitar yang
diperolehi daripada hutan bakau tersebut:
(a) Carbon sink;
(b) Pengeluaran balak; dan
(c) Fungsi sokongan ekologi.
Kawasan ini kebanyakannya ditanam
dengan kelapa sawit. Perkhidmatan alam
sekitar yang diperolehi dari kawasan
kelapa sawit adalah:
(a) Fungsi carbon sink - Pokok kelapa
sawit di tapak projek boleh
memperbaiki kandungan karbon.
(b) Kerugian dalam pengeluaran minyak
sawit bersih input bukan alam sekitar
hanya penglibatan perkhidmatan
alam sekitar ke arah output akan
dinilai.
Lokasi/
Pihak
Berkepentingan
Kawasan bakau di
timur laut dan utara
kawasan projek; dan
penduduk umum
Cadangan
tapak
projek dan kesankesannya adalah ke
atas
penduduk
umum.
Takat Impak Fizikal
Catatan
Pemaju projek tidak akan

membuang
mana-mana
bahagian kawasan bakau
yang sedia ada. Penilaian
tidak diperlukan.
102 hektar
keseluruhannya.
Jumlah kawasan tanah di

bawah kategori pertanian
ialah
1.291
hektar.
Kawasan yang terjejas
dianggarkan berdasarkan
prinsip
next-bestalternative. Oleh itu,
walaupun tidak semua
kawasan pertanian kini
ditanam dengan kelapa
sawit,
untuk
tujuan
penilaian, minyak sawit
diandaikan bagi seluruh
kawasan.
Menentukan
magnitud
kesannya
memerlukan
penilaian fungsi carbon
sequestration
dengan
merujuk kepada pasaran
perdagangan karbon.

Jadual E24
Senarai Perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan Alam Sekitar Terjejas yang Boleh Dinilai
Bil.
Komponen Alam Sekitar
Sifat Potensi Impak/ Perkhidmatan Alam

Sekitar Terjejas
Lokasi/
Pihak
Berkepentingan
Kualiti udara - habuk

bawaan udara
Peningkatan bawaan habuk di tapak

projek.
Tapak projek/
pekerja-pekerja
Kualiti air dan ekologi

sungai
Semasa pembinaan, terdapat potensi

untuk sedimen diangkut oleh air larian
permukaan
ke
sungai
sekaligus
menjejaskan ekologi sungai. Pemendapan
boleh menghalang proses pengoksidaan
bakau. Dengan langkah-langkah kawalan
yang dicadangkan, kesan mungkin dapat
diminimakan.
Sungai dan saliran

yang mengalir ke
tadahan Sungai Pulai,
Sungai Gelang Patah,
Sungai Suka Besar,
Sungai
Simpang
Arang dan Sungai
Tiram Duku.
Takat Impak Fizikal
Lokasi kerja tanah di

kawasan keseluruhan
projek.
Hilir sungai di tapak

pembinaan.
Catatan
Kesan terhadap kualiti udara
adalah mungkin minimum sejak
langkah-langkah
kawalan
seperti penstabilan tanah,
semburan air dan cucian tayar
akan dilaksanakan. Oleh itu
kesan ke atas kualiti udara
disebabkan oleh habuk tidak
dinilai dalam kajian ini.
Kesan hanya sementara kerana
langkah-langkah
kawalan
termasuk perangkap kelodak
dan pagar kelodak akan
dimasukkan ke dalam tempat
sebelum pembinaan bermula.
Penilaian tidak diperlukan.

11.1.2 Kerugian Bersih Output Minyak Sawit bagi Input Bukan Alam Sekitar
Aliran kerugian ekonomi output minyak sawit dianggarkan dengan mencari perbezaan antara
jumlah pengeluaran dan kos input bukan alam sekitar (kos pembangunan, operasi dan
penyelenggaraan) setiap tan buah tandan segar (BTS). Parameter hasil dan kos yang
diperuntukkan dalam Jadual E25 dan sewajarnya dimasukkan dalam analisis.
Jadual E25
Kerugian Bersih Output Minyak Sawit bagi Input Bukan Alam Sekitar (setahun)
Purata hasil (tan)/hektar
20
Harga BTS setan (Purata Julai 2012)
450
Hasil BTS/hektar (RM)
9,000.00
Kos pembangunan dan penyelenggaraan/hektar (RM)
3,206.42
Hasil/hektar/tahun (RM)
5,793.58
11.2
Penilaian Keseluruhan
Selepas mendiskaun pada kadar 4%, jumlah nilai semasa aliran jumlah kerugian bersih adalah
RM 125,043 juta dalam tempoh 50 tahun. Apabila 6% dan 8% kadar diskaun digunakan, nilainilai masing-masing adalah RM 104.289 juta dan RM 88.730 juta. Nilai kerugian semasa yang
lebih rendah dapat dilihat untuk kadar diskaun yang lebih tinggi. Ini adalah disebabkan oleh
kerugian dalam perkhidmatan alam sekitar yang secara beransur-ansur berkumpul dan
didiskaun dengan lebih banyak pada tahun-tahun akan datang. Proses mendiskaun secara
semulajadi menyebabkan kerugian menjadi kecil dari segi nilai semasa pada masa hadapan.
Kajian ini juga menyatakan bahawa nilai kerugian semasa tidak harus ditafsirkan sebagai
indikator kesesuaian projek. Kajian ini menyediakan petunjuk magnitud perubahan bersih
dalam aliran perkhidmatan alam sekitar akibat pelaksanaan projek dari segi kewangan.
12.
PELAN PENGURUSAN ALAM SEKITAR (EMP)
Pelan Pengurusan Alam Sekitar (EMP) meringkaskan tanggungjawab pemaju projek dari segi
pemantauan dan keperluan untuk mengawal kualiti air, kualiti sedimen, kualiti bunyi, dan lainlain. Satu ringkasan program pemantauan yang dicadangkan dikemukakan dalam Jadual E26.

Jadual E26
Program Pengawasan Alam Sekitar
Perkara
Parameter
Stesen-stesen
Pengawasan
Seperti dalam
Jadual 4.5, Bab 4
Kekerapan
Persampelan
Kriteria Kualiti Alam Sekitar
Keperluan Keperluan
Setiap 3
bulan
Keputusan
akan
dibandingkan
dengan baseline data dan DOEs
Interim Guidelines for Maximum
Permissible
Sound
Levels
by
Receiving Land Use (Schedule 1 and
2).
Laporan hendaklah diserahkan

kepada JAS 3 bulan sekali.
Laporan
hendaklah
dikemukakan kepada JAS secara
bulanan.
Hingar
LAmax, LAmin, LAeq, LA10, LA90
Kualiti Air
Suhu, pH, kemasinan, kekonduksian,

kekeruhan, oksigen terlarut, (DO),
BOD, COD, jumlah pepejal terampai,
minyak
&
gris,
nutrient,
(ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrat, fosfat),
sulfat, logam, total dan faecal
coliforms.
Seperti dalam
Jadual 4.8, Bab 4
Bulanan
Keputusan
akan
dibandingkan
dengan baseline data dan Malaysia
Marine Water Quality Criteria and
Standard (MWQCS) dan Interim
National Water Quality Standard
(INWQS).
Kualiti Udara
Jumlah zarahan terampai (TSP) dan

Ozon (O3).
Seperti dalam
Jadual 4.2, Bab 4
Setiap 3
bulan
Keputusan
akan
dibandingkan
dengan baseline data dan Malaysian
Ambient Air Quality Guidelines.
Laporan hendaklah diserahkan

kepada JAS 3 bulan sekali.
Penyediaan ESCP mestilah selaras

dengan garis panduan berikut: a) Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran JPS. 2010. Garis Panduan
Kawalan Hakisan dan Sedimen di
Malaysia.
b) Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran JPS. 2000. Manual Pengurusan
Air
Ribut
Bandarl
untuk
Malaysia.
ESCP yang disediakan oleh

jurutera profesional hendaklah
dikemukakan kepada JPS untuk
pengesahan.
Perbincangan
sebelum penghantaran dengan
JAS sebelum ESCP dikemukakan
kepada JPS amat disyorkan. Dua
salinan ESCP disahkan oleh JPS
hendaklah dikemukakan kepada
JAS dalam tempoh dua minggu.
Pelan Kawalan
Hakisan dan
Sedimen
(ESCP)
Pemantauan
hendaklah
terdiri
daripada pemeriksaan visual untuk
memastikan
bahawa
Best
Management Practice (BMP) telah
dilaksanakan dan diselenggarakan
mengikut ESCP dan menilai sama ada
BMP tambahan diperlukan.

13.
KESIMPULAN DAN CADANGAN
Konsep pembangunan Gerbang Nusajaya akan mematuhi Pelan Induk Nusajaya dan juga garis
panduan Dasar Perumahan Rakyat Johor di Iskandar Malaysia. Ia juga akan mewujudkan peluang
perniagaan seperti yang dihasratkan dalam Pelan Induk.
Aktiviti pembinaan adalah diramalkan akan menyebabkan impak yang besar kepada alam sekitar
terutamanya semasa pembinaan platform. Impak-impak kepada persekitaran fizikal seperti
kualiti air, kualiti udara, hingar dan hidrologi mesti diambil serius kerana ia berdekatan dengan
kawasan sensitif Ramsar Sungai Pulai dan pelbagai penempatan sedia ada di sekitar kawasan
tapak projek. Impak-impak kepada persekitaran biologi juga dijangka berlaku terutamanya
semasa pembinaan. Kehilangan organisma dalam sungai bukan sahaja akan menjejaskan
keseimbangan ekologi, tetapi juga ekonomi penduduk tempatan di mana sebahagian daripada
mereka bergantung kepada sumber perikanan. Walaubagaimanapun, kesan positif juga akan
datang daripada aktiviti pembinaan kerana ramai pekerja diperlukan yang seterusnya akan
meningkatkan pasaran buruh tempatan di samping meningkatkan ekonomi tempatan.
Langkah-langkah kawalan ketat yang telah dicadangkan seperti zon penampan had bakau 30
meter dan 100 meter, pemasangan pagar kelodak dan kolam penahan serta Pelan Kawalan
Hakisan dan Sedimen (ESCP) dianggap sebagai wajib untuk dilaksanakan.

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JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

General Site Descriptions

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-1

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Currently, the project site is dominated by mixed agriculture land use.

Taman Nusa Perintis 1, 2, 3;

An aquamarine technology centre conducted by the Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) is

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-3

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Residential: villas and apartments;

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-5

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Broad Land Use

Low Rise Residential

Mid Rise Residential

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-6

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Broad Land Use

Commercial General (Institution)

Auto Mall + Test Track

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-7

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Broad Land Use

Auto Mall + Test Track

Spa and Wellness (Resort)

Commercial General (Neighborhood)

Commercial General (Neighborhood)

Parks and Open Space

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-8

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Broad Land Use

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-9

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Land use plan;

Land Use Plan

Land Use Plan as of 19th January 2012

Land Use Plan as of 23rd February 2012

Land Use Plan as of 9th March 2012

Land Use Plan as of 11th April 2012

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-10

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Land Use Plan as of 20th April 2012

Land Use Plan as of 23rd May 2012

Land Use Plan as of 8th June 2012

Length of sewer line

Approximately 5.7 km (excluding marine outfall)

Diameter of sewer pipe

500 m into the straits

Alignment through existing roads

Source: Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. ES-11

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor

Length of sewer line

Approximately 4.7 km (excluding marine outfall)

Diameter of sewer pipe

500 m into the straits

Alignment through existing roads

Source: Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd.

Traffic and Transportation

Gerbang Nusajaya Township Development, Johor