Report on Domescit Waste (Solid waste) management India:

Abstract
Domestic waste is excess matter in the form of cardboard, yard clippings, wood and other
forms of garbage. These items are usually located on property and in dwellings.

Other forms of household waste include aerosol cans, ammunition, motor oil, paints
and solvents. Americans produced 250 million tons of household waste in 2010,
consisting of grass clippings, furniture, packaging, food garbage, appliances and
newspapers. This translates into 4.3 pounds of garbage for every person each day.
Household waste also contains items that are deemed hazardous, including toxic,
corrosive and flammable refuse. Paints and pesticides are a few items that require
special means of disposal. Pouring these hazards down drains or sewers is an
improper disposal method, posing a risk to human health and damaging the
environment. These items also pose a danger to pets, and the toxicity can kill fish in
rivers. Toxic items that are improperly discarded can also damage septic and water
treatment systems.
Reducing household waste minimizes exposure and protects the environment.
Recycling as much waste as possible is another solution, and reusing waste is
something to consider. These items should not be mixed with other products, and
there are certain counties that have designated hazardous waste collection days.
When storing hazardous garbage, it is important to keep them far from reach and in
an area that is dry and above freezing.

Introduction
Environmentally acceptable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has
become a global challenge due to limited resources, an exponentially increasing
population, rapid urbanization and worldwide industrialization. In developing Asian
countries, these factors are further exacerbated by inadequate financial resources, and
inadequate management and technical skills within municipalities and government
authorities. More than 90% of the MSW generated in India is directly disposed on
land in an unsatisfactory manner (Das et al., 1998). The problem is already acute in
cities and towns as disposal facilities have not been able to keep pace with the
quantum of wastes generated. It is common to find large heaps of garbage lying in a
disorganized manner in every nook and corner in large cities. Kolkata is one of Indias
largest metropolitan cities and like other large cities faces similar problems of poor
solid waste management. The objective of this paper is to analyze some of the
strengths and deficiencies in the current MSW management (MSWM) system in
Kolkata and propose feasible solutions.

Observations
Recent innovations and interventions taken by KMC KMC has recently taken steps
for better solid waste management. They have initiated a massive campaign through
newspaper advertisements, leaflets and processions to create awareness amongst
people about better solid waste management and source segregation. They have been
trying to make a breakthrough in primary collection by introducing trash bins on the
footpath. For transportation, they have bought 30 dumpers and 200 containers and
they plan to buy 32 dumpers and another 110 containers in the next financial year.
They are also constructing a new weighbridge to reduce congestion at the single
weigh bridge at the Dhapa site. Since the KMC MSW is of low calorific value but
high carbon content, KMC has been exploring use of the global Clean development
mechanism (CDM). CDM is an arrangement under the Kyoto Protocol that allows
industrialized countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment to invest in
projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more
expensive emission reductions in their own countries. KMC proposes to create a new
landfill site with a multi-pronged strategy, and the selling of carbon credits will be an
important element in that approach, the details of which have not been worked out as
yet.
Methodology:
Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods
There are a number of treatment and disposal methods for solid waste, although when most
people thing about solid waste management, it is typically the landfill which comes to mind.
A variety of elements is involved in the creation of an optimal integrated solid waste
management (ISWM) system. For example, treatment techniques act to reduce the volume
and toxicity of solid waste, transforming it into a more convenient form for disposal.
Generally, waste treatment and disposal methods are selected and used based on form,
composition and quantity of waste materials.
6. Conclusions
Despite the various new technologies that are emerging for solid waste
disposal, landfilling still remains the most common solution in the
northeastern Illinois region. The establishment and closure of landfills could
pose a potential hazard to ground water, due to leachate seepage, and air
quality due to gases released. Unless proper maintenance and management
is sustained for a fairly long time (30 years), public health may be
compromised as a result. Such management is costly and potentially
dangerous if faulty. Thus, a safer and more sustainable approach may be
minimizing the number of landfills constructed and insuring their longevity so

as not to continue taking viable land for waste disposal. It is therefore critical
to divert waste from landfills through reduction and recycling.