Research Publications On Rabies Vaccine in India and China

International Journal of Library Science and Information Management (IJLSIM)
www.ijlsim.in
Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
ISSN: 2454-910X (online)
RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS ON RABIES VACCINE IN INDIA AND CHINA: A

SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
S. Sachithanantham,
Research Scholar, DLIS,
Alagappa University,
Karaikudi-630003,
Tamilnadu, India.
Dr. S. Raja,
Assistant Librarian,
AU-CB Public Library,
Alagappa University,
Karaikudi-630003, Tamilnadu, India.
ABSTRACT
The comparative analysis on the research publications in India and China on the rabies vaccine during
1980-2014. A total number of 280 and 184 records were in the PUBMED database during the period of study in
respect of two countries. It is analysed that Pearson correlation coefficient for two countries literature output in
the domain. The study also analysed prolific authors, collaborative pattern and country wise publication pattern
during the study period.
Keywords: Rabies, Vaccine, PUBMED, China, India, Scientometrics
1. INTRODUCTION
China and India are the most
populous country in the world with the
population
of
1,364,072,000
and
1,296,245,000 respectively. This accounts
for first and second place in the world
population1.The two countries considered
as the most populous and economic giants
of the world as well as suffering from
disease burden.
Rabies is the most
common disease in both countries. Rabies
is a disease caused by a virus lyssavirus
transmitted from animals to humans, that
is called viral zoonosis or zoonotic. Dogs
are the main carrier and transmitter of the
Prevalence of Rabies in India and China
India alone accounted for 30000
human deaths annually due to rabies and
most vulnerable country in the world.
(WHO2014).The most vulnerable group is
under the age of 15 in India. Rabies is
prevalent in all states and union territory of
mainland India except and Andaman and
Nicobar Island and Lakshadweep Island.
These islands were found free from rabies
epidemic (Sudarshan et al. 2007). China
disease to humans. The rabies disease is

spread to people by very close proximity
with infected dogs` bites or saliva or
scratches or blood. The disease develops
rabies and is always fatal. Its prevalence is
in more than 150 countries in the world.
Bites wound cleansing and vaccination
within a few hours after contact with a
suspect dog can prevent the onset of rabies
and death. World Health Organization
estimated that each year 50000 people die
from the disease and the children in the
age group of 5-15 are the most vulnerable
to the disease (WHO 2014).
has the second most rabies vulnerable
country in the world next to India. The
country accounts for 2000 human deaths
annually reported in the last decade.
Rabies is prevalent in all provinces of
China. During 1987-89 more than 5200
human deaths occurred annually. It was
decreased to less than 2000 cases in 2011
(WHO2014).
Research Publications on Rabies Vaccine in India and China: A Scientometric AnalysisS. Sachithanantham & Dr. S. Raja

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
Rabies vaccination in India and China

First rabies vaccination was
developed by French scientists Louis
Pasteur and Emile Roux in 1885 (2015).
World Health Organization advises two
types of vaccination against rabies 1.
Vaccination is used in persons who are at
risk of exposure to rabies. This type of
vaccination should be given to staff
working in rabies vaccine research
laboratory and persons working rabies
related
handlers.
2.
Post-exposure
prophylaxis is used to prevent the
development of clinical symptoms has
occurred i.e. bite of a rabid animal
suspected of having rabies. All over the
world more than 10 million people
received post-exposure vaccination against
rabies (WHO 2015).
National Centre for Disease
Control, Government of India Delhi, WHO
Collaborating
Centre
for
Rabies
Epidemiology, organised an expert
consultation in 2002 to frame national
guidelines for rabies prophylaxis to bring
out regularity in post exposure prophylaxis

practices. As per WHO guidance, the
production of the nervous tissue vaccine
(NTV), which was used for post-exposure
prophylaxis for a long time, has been
removed since December 2004 in India.
Newer method of cell culture vaccines
(CCVs) are being used for post-exposure
prophylaxis (National Centre for Disease
Control 2013).
Nervous tissue vaccines (NTVs)
banned in China in the year 1991. The new
vaccine system replacement of NTVs
introduced and practiced called cell culture
vaccine (CCVs). The Chinese Ministry of
Health statistics-2009 indicated that the
China administered 12-15 million rabies
vaccine doses annually. China became the
world`s largest administer of rabies
vaccine (WHO 2014). China implemented
one-dog policy restricting residents of
Beijing to one dog per family. This
legislation decreases the rabies mortality
rate in China.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Several comparative and mapping
studies based on the disease point of view
have been conducted in the field of
biomedical sciences earlier. Sousa et al.
(1990) carried out a study based on
research group population on Dementia
compare to Latin America, China and
India. They pointed out the risk factors
among male and female research group
population. Hughes et al. (1990)
conducted a community based survey on
cardiovascular diseases on the races of
Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore
and revealed risk factors due to the disease
among three races. Tan et al. (2004) also
made a community based survey on the
same races on Parkinson disease in
Singapore. They pointed out the
prevalence of Parkinson disease among the
three races in Singapore. These studies
were carried out by health care

professionals based on disease point of
view. Similarly, several Scientometrics
studies have been conducted based on
biomedical sciences in the past by
scientometricians. Gupta, Gupta and
Mueen(2015) made a Scientometrics study
on limbic encephalitis at global level
during 2004-2013 using Scopus database.
Gutirrez-Vela et al. (2012) evaluated
quantitative study on regenerative
periodontal surgery (RPS) during 19802010
using
Scopus
database.
Sachithanantham and Raja (2015)
studied Indian rabies literature output
during 1950-2014 using PubMed database.
On other hand quantitative comparative
studies and geographical mapping a few
have
been
also
conducted
by
scientometricians in biomedical sciences in

www.ijlsim.in
Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
the
past.
Arunachalam
and
Gunasekaran (2002) mapped diabetes
research in India and China during 19901999 and pointed out the evaluation of
research in diabetes in both countries.
Bala and Gupta (2012) also carried out a
study on diabetes research and compare
the literature output and disease burden of
India, China and Brazil during 2000-2009.
Onyancha and Ocholla(2004) carried out
a comparative study on HIV/AIDS in
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To ascertain the rabies vaccine
research output of World, India and
China
2. To find the growth of literature on
rabies vaccine research in India and
China
3. To find the Pearson correlation
coefficient for two countries
literature output,
4. DATA AND METHOD
The study analyzed that publication
trend on the rabies vaccine in India and
China during 1980-2014. The PUBMED
database was chosen for analyzed the data
on rabies during the period of study.
PuBMED is an online database to retrieve
the data from MEDLINE (earlier
MedLARS) database. The bibliographic
records occurrence of the key words as
well as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)
terms using rabies AND vaccine AND
India to find out India`s literature output
Kenya and Ugandausing AID Search

database-2002 and examined literature
production, collaborative pattern and other
quantitative analysis of HIV/AIDS for
both countries concern. Bolaos-Pizarro,
Thijs and Glnzel(2010) made a
comparative Scientometrics study on
cardiovascular research in Spain and other
European countries using web of Science
database.
4. To identify the prolific authors and

their collaboration in the field for
the both countries concern,
5. To identify the country wise
publication pattern for two
countries literature output
6. To determine the core journals in
the field for two countries concern.
on vaccine research and rabies AND

vaccine AND China to find out China`s
literature output on vaccine research
searched for a period of 35 years from
1980 to 2014. The search results of 280
and 184 bibliographic records for the two
countries were taken into consideration for
the study. The extracted records were
analysed with Bibexcel tool box, it is a
Scientometrics software designed and
developed by Persson (2014), Umea
University, Sweden.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Rabies vaccine research output: World-India-China, 1980-2014
The research output on rabies
India and China Researchers of rabies
vaccine in India and China covered in the
vaccine field were produced only 7 and 1
database for the period from 1980 to 2014
articles during the period respectively. It is
is shown in Table 1. A total number of
also found that the literature growth trend
3927, 280 and 184 records Downloaded
is very less during 1980 to 1999 in respect
for the study in the database during the
of both countries. It is found that the
period.
The
research
productivity
maximum number of records 817, 81 and
identified that Very less during 1980-84 in
108 were published during 2010-2014 for
3

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
the above three parameters. On the whole,

it is noticed that from 2005 onwards there
is an exponential growth in research output
in the field. The table 1 and figure 1 also
shown that the China produced fewer
articles compare to India for the 30 years
during 1980 to 2009, On the other hand,
during 2010-14 China produced more
articles i.e. 108 than India. Table 1, Shows

that China gives more research priority in
the field than India during the period. The
mean average of the output of the literature
for 35 yearsduring1980 - 2014 is 112.2, 8
and 5.25 articles per year for the three
parameters respectively.
Table 1 Rabies vaccine research output: World-India-China, 1980-2014
Year
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99
2000-04
2005-09
2010-14
Total
World
output
409
497
442
493
538
731
817
3927
India`s
India`s
China`s
Contribution Contribution in % Contribution
7
1.71
1
17
3.42
2
27
6.10
6
32
6.49
6
38
7.06
19
78
10.67
42
81
10.28
108
280
7.20
184
China`s
Contribution in
%
0.24
0.40
1.35
1.21
3.53
5.74
13.21
4.68
Figure 1 Rabies vaccine research output India and China: 1980-2014
120
100
80
60
India
China
40
20
0
1980-84 1985-89 1990-94 1995-99 2000-04 2005-09 2010-14
Rabies vaccine research output, India versus China 1980-2014: RGR and DT

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
The table 2 shows Doubling Time

(DT) and Relative Growth Rate (RGR)of
rabies vaccine research output of India
and China during 1980-2014. India
produced a total number of 280articles
during the period, whereas China produced
184 articles. It shows that India produced
more articles than China. The research
productivity is very less during 1980-84 in
both countries. It is found that India
produced only 7 articles and China
produced only 1 article during 1980-84, it
reflects both India and china Researchers
were not given much importance to the
research in Rabies Vaccine. In spite of that
the mortality rate was increased during the
period.
Furthermore,
the
research
productivity was very slow for 25 years
during 1980-2004 in both countries. India
produced a total number of 121 articles for
25 years, whereas China produced only 34
articles during the period. It reflects that
there is a significant growth in India`s
research productivity compare to China.
The growth rate is an increasing trend in
both countries during 2005-14. It is found
that the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) was
a top level during 1985-89(1.23) but, the
Doubling Time was less (0.56) in India.
Whereas the China has higher trend RGR
during 2000-04 (2.82) and DT was (0.24).

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
Table 2-Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Doubling Time (DT) of publications on rabies Vaccine
Year
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99
2000-04
2005-09
2010-14
India`s
contribution
7
17
27
32
38
78
81
Cumulative
contribution
7
24
51
83
121
199
280
w1
w2
RGR
DT
1.94
3.17
3.93
4.41
4.79
5.2
1.94
3.17
3.93
4.41
4.79
5.29
5.63
1.23
0.76
0.48
0.38
0.5
0.34
0.56
0.91
1.44
1.82
1.38
2.03
China`s
contribution
1
2
6
6
19
42
108
Cumulative
contribution
1
3
9
15
34
76
184
w1
w2
RGR
DT
0
1.09
2.19
2.7
3.52
4.33
0
1.09
2.19
2.7
3.52
4.33
5.21
1.09
1.1
0.51
2.82
0.81
0.88
0.63
0.63
1.35
0.24
0.85
0.78
Pearson Correlation coefficient -Rabies vaccine research output: India-China, 1980-2014
Table 3 shows the Pearson correlation co-efficient (2015) for rabies

vaccine research output in India and China during 1980-2014. India
considered as x axis, whereas China considered as y axis to find out

the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression scattering.
As per the above Pearson correlation coefficient formula the

correlation between India and China is calculated asr = 0.86219652.
The two tailed P-value is 0.388632 for the above correlation
coefficient. Hence, the study result is not significant at P<0.05. The

linear regression scattering is also given in the figure 2.

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
Table 3 Pearson Correlation coefficient -Rabies vaccine research output

Year
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99
2000-04
2005-09
2010-14
India`s Contribution
(x)
7
17
27
32
38
78
81
China`s Contribution
(y)
1
2
6
6
19
42
108
xy
x2
y2
7
34
162
192
722
3276
8748
49
289
729
1024
1444
6084
6561
1
2
36
36
361
1764
11664
280
(x)
184
(y)
13141
(xy)
16180
(x) 2
13864
(Y) 2
Total (7)
Figure2Linear regression scatter -Rabies vaccine research output: India-China,

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Authorship pattern
Rabies vaccine research India: 1980-2014 Top 10 ranked prolific authors
Table 4 shows the India`s prolific
authors and their contribution in the field
of rabies vaccine. A total number of 1143
(753 Single authors) authors produced 280
articles on rabies vaccine research in India
during 1980-2014 with an average of 4.08
authors per article. The study reflects that

Madhusudana SN is the most productive
author was contributed 37(13.21%) of the
articles.It followed by, Sudarshan MK
with 22(7.78%) and Mahendra BJ with 13
(4.64%) of the articles.

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
Table 4-Top Rankedprolific authors

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Prolific Authors
Madhusudana SN
Sudarshan MK
Mahendra BJ
Ravish HS
Ashwathnarayana DH
Srinivasan VA
Rai A
Sampath G
Bhardwaj M
Ichhpujani RL
Narayana DH
Dutta JK
Gupta PK
John TJ
Reddy GS
Bhattacharya D
Rangarajan PN
Gangaboraiah
Kakkar M
Kumar R
Muhamuda K
Saini M
Sanjay TV
Sehgal S
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Number of
% of
Contributions 280
37
13.21
22
7.78
13
4.64
11
3.92
10
3.71
10
3.71
9
3.21
9
3.21
8
2.85
8
2.85
8
2.85
7
2.50
7
2.50
7
2.50
7
2.50
6
2.14
6
2.14
5
1.78
5
1.78
5
1.78
5
1.78
5
1.78
5
1.78
5
1.78
Top10 ranked prolific authors

Table 5 shows first ten authors
form china were occupied top ten raked in
the list on rabies vaccine. 10 Ranked
prolific authors in the field. A total number
of 1241 (685 unique) authors produced
184 articles on rabies vaccine research in
China during 1980-2014 with an average
of 6.74 authors per article. The study

reflects that Tang Q is the most productive
author was contributed 35 (19.02%) 0f the
articles It followed by LiuY with 21
(11.41%) articles and Hu R 16 (8.69%)
articles, etc.

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
Table 5-Top10 ranked prolific authors

Top 10 Prolific
Number of
% of
Rank
Authors
Contributions
184
1
Tang Q
1
35
19.02
2
Liu Y
2
21
11.41
3
Hu R
3
16
8.69
4
Li H
4
15
8.15
5
Zhang F
4
15
8.15
6
Zhang S
5
13
7.06
7
Zhang Y
6
12
6.52
8
Wang X
7
10
5.43
9
Liang G
8
9
4.89
10
Fooks AR
9
8
4.34
11
Hu RL
9
8
4.34
12
Huang Y
9
8
4.34
13
Li J
9
8
4.43
14
Liang GD
9
8
4.34
15
Zhang X
9
8
4.43
16
Fu ZF
10
7
3.80
17
Liu J
10
7
3.80
18
Tao X
10
7
3.80
19
Tao XY
10
7
3.80
20
Wang C
10
7
3.80
21
Wang H
10
7
3.80
22
Wang L
10
7
3.80
23
Wang Y
10
7
3.80
24
Xia X
10
7
3.80
25
Yang S
10
7
3.80
26
Zhang YZ
10
7
3.80
Degree of Collaboration - Rabies vaccine research in India and China: 1980-2014
S.No.
Subramanyan (1983) formulated to find out the authors` collaboration in a subject field. The
formula is
C=
Nm
_______
Nm+Ns
Whereas
Nm= Number of multi authors in a discipline

Ns= Number of single authors in the same discipline
C= Degree of Collaboration.

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
According to the formula Table 6

shows the degree of collaboration in rabies
vaccine research in India and China during
the study period. In respect of India a total
number of 225 articles produced by multi
authors and 55 articles produced by single
authors. The degree of collaboration low
during 1995-99 (C=0.65) and high during
2005-09 (C=0.89). This shows Indian
authors interested to work on the team
setup. In other hand, in respect of China a

total number of 178 articles produced by
multi authors and only 6 articles produced
by single authors during the study period.
There was no collaboration during 198084 (C=0) and high collaboration (C=1)
during 1985-89, 1995-99 and 2005-09. It
shows that 1984 onward, Chinese authors
were interested to publish their work in a
team spirit manner.
Table 6-Degree of collaboration Rabies vaccine research in India and China: 1980-2014
Year
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99
2000-04
2005-09
2010-14
Total
India
Number Number
of multi of single
authored authored Nm+Ns C
papers
papers
(Nm)
(Ns)
5
2
7
0.71
14
3
17
0.82
20
7
27
0.74
21
11
32
0.65
27
11
38
0.71
70
8
78
0.89
68
13
81
0.83
225
55
280
-
China
Number Number
of multi of single
authored authored Nm+Ns C
papers
papers
(Nm)
(Ns)
0
1
1
0
2
0
2
1
5
1
6
0.83
6
0
6
1
16
3
19
0.84
42
0
42
1
107
1
108
0.99
178
6
184
-
Country wise Publication - India`s literature on Rabies vaccine Research 1980-2014

Table 7 shows the country- wise
publication of India`s Researchers were
contributed on Rabies vaccine Research
during1980-2014. It is found that produced
a total number of 280 articles during the
period. Indian authors got interested for
their works in mother country India. It is
shows that 110(39.29%) of the articles
published in India, reset of the 60.70% of
10
the articles published by other than India

have published 110 (39.29) articles inside
India rest of 170 articles in abroad. United
States
shows
47(16.78%)
articles,
followed by England 45 (16.07%) of the
articles and the Netherlands 36 (12.85%)
of the articles, and the rest of the
Four countries together published about
85% of the publications.

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Table 7-Country wise publication during 1980-2014 on rabies

S.No. Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
India
United States
England
Netherlands
Germany
Canada
Switzerland
China
France
Slovakia
Sweden
Taiwan
Thailand
Sri Lanka
Japan
Italy
Iran
Korea (South)
Scotland
Pakistan
New Zealand
Total
No. of
Publications
110
47
45
36
10
7
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
280
% of
280
39.28
16.78
16.07
12.85
3.57
2.5
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.07
0.71
0.71
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
100
Cumulative
%
39.28
56.06
72.13
84.98
88.55
91.05
92.12
93.19
94.26
95.33
96.04
96.75
97.01
97.45
97.80
98.15
98.50
98.55
99.20
99.55
100
Country wise publication during 1980-2014 on rabies

Table 8 shows the country wise
publications of China`s Publications on
Rabies vaccine Research during19802014. It is analyzed that produced a total
number of 184 articles during the period.
Chinese authors were interested to publish
their works in mother country China. They
have published 68 (36.96) of the articles
inside China rest of 116 articles in abroad.
United States brought39 (21.20%) of the
articles, It followed by the Netherlands
11
published 34 (18.48%) of articles and

England published 22 (11.96%) of the
articles and the above four countries
together published near about 89% of the
total literature output. The study identifies
similarity of the publication pattern
between India and China. The Researchers
had given first priority to their mother
countries for their publications and next
priority given to the United States,
England and the Netherlands respectively.

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Table8-Country wise Publication - China`s literature on Rabies vaccine Research 1980-2014

S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Country
China
United States
Netherlands
England
Austria
Germany
Switzerland
Canada
Brazil
Australia
Thailand
Greece
France
Korea (South)
Japan
Total
No. of
Publications
68
39
34
22
6
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
184
% of
184
36.96
21.20
18.48
11.96
3.26
1.63
1.63
1.09
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
100
Cumulative
%
36.96
58.16
76.64
88.60
91.86
93.49
95.12
96.21
96.75
97.29
97.83
98.37
98.91
99.45
100
Top Ranked Journals on rabies Vaccine

Table 9 shows that only 97 papers
published by the throughout the world
output of 280 publications on rabies
vaccine. Out of 20 journals listed and top
ten journals published range between 6 and
32 of which the first position hold by the
journal accineis published 32 (11.43%)
articles, It followed by Human Vaccines &

Immunotherapeutics20 (7.14%) articles,
Journal of the Association of Physicians of
India and Journal of Communicable
Diseases each of them 20 (7.14%) of the
articles.
Table 9- Top Ranked Journals on rabies Vaccine

S.No. Name of the Journal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12
Vaccine
Human Vaccines
&Immunotherapeutic
Journal of the Association of
Physicians of India
Journal of Communicable Diseases
Indian Paediatrics
Indian Journal of Medical
Microbiology
National Medical Journal of India
No. of Cumulative
Records
Records
32
32
% of
280
11.42
Cumulative
Rank
%
11.42
1
20
52
7.14
18.56
20
20
15
72
92
107
7.14
7.14
5.35
25.70
32.84
38.19
2
2
3
10
10
117
127
3.57
3.57
41.76
45.33
4
4

www.ijlsim.in
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
Journal of Indian Medical Association

Indian Journal of Public Health
Biologicals
Indian Journal of Paediatrics
Veterinary Records
International Journal of Infectious
Diseases
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
Neurology India
Tropical Doctor
ActaVirologica
BMJ
Indian Journal of Experimental
Biology
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Rest of 77 Journals
6. SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION

China lack behind India in the
terms of publications output during 1950
to 2009, in other hand China surpassed
India and produced more articles during
2010 to 2014. However, rabies is the most
vulnerable disease in the world due to
China has given more priority to prevent
the disease and reduced the mortality rate
followed by several strategies in terms of
law,
policy
guidelines,
national
vaccination programmes and research and
development activities. In this context
India lack behind China, for example,
there are no policy guidelines to control
the stray dogs and national immunisation
programmes in this field. Moreover there
is no given preference to strengthen the
research on rabies vaccination in India.
Nervous tissue vaccines (NTV) banned in
China in the year 1991 and modern Cell
culture vaccines (CCV) introduced,
perhaps India banned the Nervous tissue
vaccines in the year 2004 and moved to the
modern Cell culture vaccine. In
comparison, the world literature output of
vaccine research, India`s share is only 280
(7.20%) of the articles and China`s share is
only 4.68% (184 articles) against the total
13
9
7
6
6
6
136
143
149
155
161
3.21
2.5
2.14
2.14
2.14
48.54
51.04
53.18
55.32
57.46
5
6
7
7
7
5
4
4
4
3
3
166
170
174
178
181
184
1.78
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.07
1.07
59.24
60.66
62.08
63.50
64.57
65.64
8
9
9
9
10
10
3
3
90
187
190
280
1.07
1.07
32.14
66.71
67.78
100
10
10
literature output of 3927 articles during the

study period. This indicates that the both
countries have a high mortality rate
relatively the literature production is very
low. In India there were 753 unique
authors engaged in rabies vaccine research,
whereas 685 unique authors engaged in
China, it shows that significant number of
more authors engaged in India than China.
There was uniformity in both countries
that the authors were given priority to
publish their resident countries, United
States, England and the Netherlands.
Furthermore, that the above three countries
account for above 85% of publications
together with India and China. The study
indicates that the degree of collaboration
was higher in China compare to India
during the study period. Indian authors
were given first preference to Vaccine in
their research, whereas Chinese authors
were given second preference to the same
journal. India and China are accountable
for first and second place in the world
population as well as rabies disease burden
and mortality rate and comparatively there
is a less rabies mortality rate in China than
India. China administered 12-15 million

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Vol.2 (1) Jan-Mar, 2016
rabies vaccine doses annually and became

the world`s largest administer of rabies
vaccine. India will administrate such type
of vaccination programme and eliminate
the mortality rate due to rabies. It is
analyzed that the world literature output of
rabies vaccine research, India and china
sharing of the publications was very low.
Hence, India and China will give more

importance to rabies vaccine research.
India should implement the law, policy
guidelines, particularly in stray dog`s
elimination and research and development
activities as like China to prevent and
decrease the mortality rate by the most
vulnerable and fatal disease rabies.
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