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this mode is shown in Fig.4, from which it is seen, that the sum
of limbs fluxes is close to zero, and hence the zero sequence flux
in the air under these conditions is missing, which, as is known,
is a significant advantage of the zigzag connection. In addition,
the calculations fulfilled confirm that the star of HV windings
voltages remains symmetrical, and no displacement of the
neutral is observed. It should be noted, that these beneficial
1 r.u.
200 V
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the fault currents from the power source, they are relatively
small in comparison with usual short-circuit currents
(approximately twice bigger than rated current), so, at such fault
the usual protection will not work, but the transformer will be
overloaded with these currents and could be damaged. So, it
would be desirable to provide protection against this regime.
Loads currents and voltages (see Fig. 12) in this mode are close
to symmetric; the voltages of short-circuited phase A are close
to zero (so, they are not shown on VD), but the voltages of
"healthy" windings B2, B3 and C2, C3 are strongly shifted by
phase relative to their normal positions. From Fig. 13, which
shows the voltages of the primary star connected windings with
isolated neutral, it is seen, that the system of primary windings
voltages is sufficiently asymmetrical, has essential shift of the
neutral point and is similar to the VD of secondary voltages.
Furthermore, in this mode, due to calculations made, (see VD
with results on Fig.14) significant zero sequence flux, caused by
unbalanced windings currents, appeared.
III.
CONCLUSIONS
1.
Based on elaborated model the calculation of modules and
angles of windings currents and voltages in three-phase three
limb core transformer with "zigzag" connection of secondary
windings at various short-circuit modes was performed.
Electromagnetic coupling between windings on different limbs,
based on zero sequence parameters, was considered. Obtained
vector diagrams for windings voltages and currents and relative
values of magnetic fluxes give clear visual representation of
different asymmetric modes peculiarities.
2.
At usual single-phase and two-phase short-circuits the
"zigzag" connection (at equal secondary windings turns number)
ensures absence of zero-sequence current and flux and,
accordingly, less distortion of voltages and currents (in
comparison with Y/y and D/y connections) at asymmetric shortcircuits and loads. However, if the numbers of secondary
windings turns are unequal, this scheme no longer has
mentioned advantages. Furthermore, these advantages also
disappear at single-phase short-circuit of one secondary
winding, that, in turn, seemingly means, that a similar effect will
also occur at internal short-circuits between loops in the
windings.
3.
The currents, arising from short-circuit of one secondary
winding, are approximately twice bigger than rated load currents
and are significantly smaller, than usual short-circuit currents.
Due to this, they are insufficient for the reliable operation of
protection against short-circuits, so this may require additional
measures to protect against such faults and prevent transformer
damage.
4.
To enable more accurate accounting of asymmetric modes
processes associated with the appearance of zero sequence
current and magnetic flux, transformer manufacturers should
present in the catalogue data sheets of transformers, along with