1.

Agroforestry (ini metodenya)

Agroforestry is a collective name for land use
systems and technologies where woody
perennials are deliberately used on the same land
unit as agricultural crops, either in some form of
spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. In
agroforestry systems there are both economical
and ecological interactions between the different
components (Lundgren 1982).
In this paper we try to apply Intensive mixed
cropping system on hillslope in Grabag area.
The study cultivating coffee in an agroforestry
system with mixed shade trees species. This
involves the integration of several trees (natural
and introduced) with food, cash crops and
livestock simultaneously on the same unit of
land. In this intensive cropping systems several
agroforestry practices can be identified where
the trees are used for shade for coffee especially
Albasia (Albizia chinensis), Suren (Toona
surenii), Banana trees (Musa spp.) and lamtoro
trees (Leucaena leucocephala).
Ini pembahasannya vikkkk
2.1 Biophysical environment
2.1.1. Climate : The climate in this area is
tropical. Grabag is a area with a significant
rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a lot of
rain. According to Kppen and Geiger, this
climate is classified as Af. The average annual
temperature in Grabag is 22.1 C. Precipitation
lowest in August, with an average of 69 mm.
Almost all the precipitation here falls in January,
averaging 443 mm. (see graphic 1). At an
average temperature of 22.8 C, October is the
hottest month of the year. January is the coldest
month, with an average temperature of 21.6 C
(see Graphic 2).
2.1.2. Relief and soils : The area consists of
undulating terrain with relatively steep hillslope.

The altitude ranges of this area are 500m to

750m a.s.l. This slopes is where most of the
cultivation takes place. Soils are young and
loose volcanic soils (Andosols) that are rich in
nutrients but are very unstable in structure and
therefore prone to erosion and sliding.
Numerous landslides occur during the rainy
season and the soils on the lower parts of the
slopes. We tried maintain a permanent and
efficiently protective tree cover on the slopes to
avoid serious landslides.
2.1.3 Vegetation: we observe some plants are
present there. Natural vegetation is the tropical
rainforest. some plants observed were Albasia
(Albizia
chinensis),
Pandan
(Pandanus
tinctorius), Aren (Arenga pinnata), Suren
(Toona
surenii),
Lamtoro
(Leucaena
leucocephala),
Coffe
robusta
(Coffea
canephora), Akasia (Acacia mearnsii), Cassava
(Manihot esculenta), Banana (Musa spp.),
papaya (Carica papaya), some species of
Pterophyta (Dryopteris filixmas, marsilea
crenata ect.), some species of caladium, some
species of bamboo, and many more.
2.2 The scheme of agroforestry development
on the slopes
In this case, we tried to develop coffee (Coffee
canephora) = Coffee robusta with mixed
cropping system which does not remove the
ecological aspect and slope stability. Coffee
trees are very suitable to be planted under the
canopy of trees higher. for that, we would
suggest that coffee plants are planted under the
trees already growing on the slopes in Grabag
Area like Suren, Acacia, Banana trees as shade
trees. During the early years of establishment,
young coffee trees are associated with banana
and papaya trees; at the same time Suren young
trees as well as some Lamtoro, Acacia, and
Albasia are planted within the coffee stand ( see
Figure 1).

Result
we're doesnt analyzing both qualitatively and
quantitatively the impact of the use of shade
trees in coffee cultivation. but in this case we
assume based on similar studies on the effect of
shade trees on the level of erosion is reduced.
The factors that most influenced erosion, as
predictor variables, were the litter layer and, to a
lesser degree, the slope gradient. Reviews These
results Obtained Differ from Reviews those in
other studies, roomates Reported have a marked
influence on erosion of the slope gradient, in
both shade and sun coffee plantations (Verbist et
al., 2010), Roose and Ndayizigiye (1997) and
sidle et al. (2006) Also Highlighting the
influence of ground cover by litter on erosion
control in agroforestry systems. It has been
shown that the indirect rainfall or runoff through
the leaves and stems of the tree canopy can have
a greater kinetic energy than direct rain, Because
The water intercepted by the canopy flows along
the leaves and stems and Ultimately that
produces larger droplets strike the ground
(Nanko et al., 2008). The impact of this indirect

rain on bare soil can break up the soil-surface

structure; subsequently, the infiltration rate
decreases and increase of surface runoff and
erosion. Studies have shown that tree shade
cover is the main factor accounting for
differences in erosion between sun coffee and
shaded plantations. However, in the case of
studies conducted entirely within agroforestry
systems, such as the present, it has been shown
that the litter layer is the main soil erodibility
factor, with a greater influence than that of the
tree canopy. This cover has many functions,
chief Among the which is the neutralization of
the splash erosion of the Rainwater, both
roomates that falls directly on the soil and that
the which falls indirectly, through the tree
canopy