BASIC

MATHEMATICS
(MATEMATIKA DASAR)
Dzikrullah Akbar, S.Si., M.Sc.

CIVIL & PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

TANRI ABENG UNIVERSITY
Thursday, 26th November 2015

Some Trigonometric Integrals

USEFUL IDENTITIES

Some trigonometric identities needed in this section are the following

Some Trigonometric Integrals

VARIETY OF TRIGONOMETRIC FORMS

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 1

Example 1 (n Odd)
Find
Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 1

Example 2 (n Even)
Find
Solution
Here we make use of half-angle identities.

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 2

Example 3 (m or n Odd)
Find
Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 2

Example 4 (Both m and n Even)

Find
Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 2

Example 4 (2)

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 3

Integrals of this type occur in many physics and engineering applications. To

handle this integrals, we use product identities.

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 3

Example 5
Find
Solution
Apply product identity 1.

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 4

Example 6
Find
Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 4

Example 7
Find

. Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 5

Example 8 (n Even and m Any Number)

Find
Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

TYPE 5

Example 9 (m Odd and n Any Number)

Find
Solution

Some Trigonometric Integrals

VARIETY OF TRIGONOMETRIC FORMS

Exercise 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Roots or radicals in an integrand are often troublesome and we usually try to

get rid of them.
If
radical.
Example 10
Find
Solution

appear on integral, substitution

will eliminate the

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Example 11
Find

Solution

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Example 12
Find

Solution

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

To rationalize these three expressions :

,
and
we may assume that is positive and make the following trigonometric
substitutions

Now note the simplifications that these substitutions achieve

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Example 13
Find

solution

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Example 13 (2)
Now,
is equivalent to
the sine function invertible,

and since

was restricted to make

Using the right triangle, we see that

Thus,

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Example 14
Find

solution

Rationalizing Substitutions
INTEGRAND INVOLVING RADICALS

Example 14 (2)
Now

which suggest the triangle below

From which we conclude that
Thus,

Rationalizing Substitutions
COMPLETING THE SQUARE

When a quadratic expression of the type

appear under a
radical, completing the square will prepare it for a trigonometric substitution.
Example 15

Find
Solution
Let
Then

and

Rationalizing Substitutions
COMPLETING THE SQUARE

Example 15 (2)
Next let
Then

and

so

Rationalizing Substitutions
COMPLETING THE SQUARE

Example 16
Find

Solution
Write

By substitution
for the first integral on the right and the
second was just done by previous example. Then,

Rationalizing Substitutions
Exercise 2
1.
2.
3.
4.

See you
next week