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EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS
MAT 1105
MTODOS NUMERICOS I
a ) 5 x1 + 6 x 2 + x3 = 2
3 x1 + x 2 + 7 x3 = 3
Mtodo de Gauss
5 + 5 + 3 M1 (*1)
5 + 6 + 1 M2
3 + 1 + 7 M3
5 + 5 + 3 M1 (3 / 5) 5 + 5 + 3 M1
0 + 11 + 4 M3
0 + 11 + 4 M3
3 + 1 + 7 M3
0 + 4 + 8,8 M3,6
5 x1 + 5 x2 + 3 x3 = 1
+ 11x2 + 4 x3 = 2
+ 7,345 x3 = 2,509
5 + 5 + 3 M1
0 + 11 + 4 M3
0 + 0 + 7,34 M 2,50
x3 = 0,3415
x 2 = 0,1485
x1 = 0,1534
Mtodo de Gauss-Jordan
5 + 5 + 3 M 1
0 + 11 + 4 M 3
0 + 0 + 7,345 M 2,509
5 + 5 + 3 M 1
0 + 11 + 0 M 1,633
0 + 0 + 7,345 M 2,509
= 0.767
5 + 0 + 0 M 0,767 5 x1
+ 11x 2
= 1,633
0 + 11 + 0 M 1,633
0 + 0 + 7,345 M 2,509
+ 7,345 x3 = 7,509
5 + 5 + 0 M 0,024
0 + 11 + 0 M 1,633
0 + 0 + 7,345 M 2,509
x3 = 0,3415
x 2 = 0,1485
x1 = 0,1534
Mtodos Numrico I
2 x1 3 x 2 + x3 = 1
b) 3 x1 + 1x 2 x3 = 2
2 3 + 1M 1
3 + 1 1 M 2
1 1 1 M 1
x1 x2 x3 = 1
Mtodo de Gauss
2 3 +1 M 1
x + 2y z = 4
c)
1 + 2 1 M 4
2 x + 1y z = 8 2 + 1 + 1 M 8
y = 2 z x 1 + 1 2 M0
1+ 2 0 M 6
03 0 M 6
0 0 2 M 4
1+ 2 1 M 4
03+3M 0
0 1 1 M 40
x1 = 0,5714
1+ 2 1 M 4
03+3M 0
0 0 2 M 4
x=2
3 y = 6 ; 2 z = 4
y =2 ; z = 2
1 + 1 + 1 M6
1 + 2 1M 2
2 1 + 3M 9
x + 2y z = 2
2 x y + 3z = 9
x3 = 0,357
x 2 = 0,071
x3 = 1
1 0 0 M2
03 0 M 6
0 0 2 M 4
x + y + z =6
d)
2 x1 3 x 2 + x3 =1
+ 1x 2 x3 = 2
2 3 +1 M 1
1 + 1 + 1 M6
0 + 1 2M 4
0 3 + 1M 3
1 + 1 + 1 M6
0 + 1 2M 4
0 0 5 M 15
x =1
y =2
x + y + z =6
+ y 2 z = 4
z =3
5 = 15
2. Utilizar el mtodo de Reduccin de Crout para obtener una descomposicin LU de la matriz A de
los problemas:
a)
a11
a 21
a 31
a12
a 22
a 32
a13
a 23
a 33
L11 U 12
L21 L22
L31 L32
U11 = U 22 = U 33 = 1
Calculo 1 Columna L
a13 0,754
=
= 0,30039
L11 2,510
Calculo 2 columna de L
L22 = a 22 L21 * U 12 = 3,440 (1,210)(0,05657) = 3,37155
U 22 =
23
a 23 L 21 * U
L 22
Aux. Jhonny-Nina-Gutirrez
13
U 13
U 23
L33
Pg. 2/11
= 0 ,1763
Mtodos Numrico I
Calculo 3 columna de L
L33 = a 33 L31 * U 13 L32 * U 23 = 0,754 ( 2,510)(0,30039) ( 9,3 * 10 6 )(0,1763) = 2,2739
Matriz LU
0,05657 0,30039
2,510
1,210
3,37155
0,1763
b)
a11
a 21
a 31
a12
a 22
a 32
L11 U 12
L21 L22
L31 L32
a13
a 23
a 33
U 13
U 23
L33
U11 = U 22 = U 33 = 1
Calculo 1 Columna L
L11 = 3,142; L21 = 1,154; L31 = 2,374
23
a 23 L 21 * U
L 22
13
0 , 4385
( 1 ,154 )( 0 , 24003
4 , 3552
= 0 , 03708
Calculo 3 columna de L
L33 = a 33 L31 * U 13 L32 * U 23 = 3,246 ( 2,374)(0,24003) ( 5,6008)( 0,03708) = 4,0257
Matriz LU
A = 2 2 1 ;b = 6
1 0
0
3
a11
a 21
a
31
a12
a 22
a 32
a13 b1
L11 U 12
a 23 b2 L21 L22
L
a 33 b3
31 L32
Aux. Jhonny-Nina-Gutirrez
Ax = b
Pg. 3/11
U 13 U 14
U 23 U 24
L33 U 34
Mtodos Numrico I
Primera fila de U:
1
1
1
= 1; U 13 =
= 1; U 14 = = 1
1
1
1
Segunda Columna L:
U 12 =
1 (2)(1)
3
6 (2)(1)
4
= = 0,75; U 24 =
= = 1
4
4
4
4
Tercera Columna de L:
L33 = 3 (1)(1) (1)(3 / 4) = 3,25
U 23 =
Tercera fila de U:
0 1(1) (1)(1)
2
=
= 0,6153
3,25
3,25
Matriz LU: 1 1
1
1
2 4 0,75 1
1 1 3,25 0,6153
1
U 34 =
x1 + x 2 x3 =1
x1 = x 2 + x3 + 1
+ x 2 0,75 x3 = 1
1
1
1 0,75
0
0,6153
1
1
x3 = 0,6153
x 2 = 1,4614
x1 =1,8461
4.Se tiene un numero positivo de tres cifras, la suma, de sus tres cifrases 22, el numero de centenas
menos el numero de decenas es uno y el numero de decenas menos el numero de unidades es menos
tres, Cul es el numero?
n0 = x y z
x + y + z = 22
x - y = 1
y - z = -3
1 22 1 1 1 22
1 22 1 1
1 22 1 1
1 1
1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 3
0 1 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 21 0 0 3 27
x + y + z = 22
x - y = -3
- 3z = -27
Aux. Jhonny-Nina-Gutirrez
z =9
y =6
x =7
El numero es 769
Pg. 4/11
Mtodos Numrico I
j =0
x j dx x j = k ; k = 1, 2 ,3
x 0 dx x + 1x 1 dx x + 1x 2 dx x = 1
0
0 0
1 0
2
1
2 x 0 dx x + 2 x 1 dx x + 2 x 2 dx x = 2
0
0 0
1 0
2
3 x 0 dx x + 3 x 1 dx x + 3 x 2 dx x = 3
0
0 0
1 0
2
1
1
x1 + x 2 = 1
2
3
8
2 x 0 + 2 x1 + x 2 = 2
3
9
3 x 0 + x1 + 9 x 2 = 3
2
x0 +
Gauss.
x1 + 0.5 x 2 + 0,333x3 = 1
x 2 + 2,001x3 = 0
x3 = 0
x2 = 0
x1 =1
1,998x 3 = 0
6. Sea el Sistema de Ecuaciones
3
1
10
A = 5 10 3 ;b =
1
3 10
14
5
14
0
; x = 0
0
0
a11
a 21
a
31
a12
a 22
a32
a13 b1
L11 U 12
a 23 b2 L21 L22
L
a33 b3
31 L32
U 13 U 14
U 23 U 24
L33 U 34
Mtodo Jacobi.
3 x 2 1x3 + 14
10
5 + 5 x1 + 3 x3
x2 =
10
14 x1 3 x 2
x3 =
10
x1 =
Aux. Jhonny-Nina-Gutirrez
Pg. 5/11
Mtodos Numrico I
error
^ error=0,0001
14 3(0,5) (1,4)
= 1,11
10
5 + 5(1,4) + 3(1,4)
2
x2 =
= 1,62
10
14 1,4 3(0,5)
2
x3 =
= 1,11
10
x1 =
2
error
Aux. Jhonny-Nina-Gutirrez
no
cumple
x1i
x1i
x1i
0
1,4
1,11
0,803
0,9033
0,96695
0,936513
0,9242807
0,932808
0,9348917
0,9326367
0,932362
0,932930
0,932939
0,932802
0,932814
0,932845
0
0,5
1,62
1,388
1,1424
1,22264
1,27356
1,249210
1,239424
1,246247
1,247913
1,246709
1,245889
1,246344
1,246351
1,246242
1,246251
0
1,4
1,11
0,803
0,9033
0,96695
0,936513
0,9242807
0,932808
0,9348917
0,9326367
0,932362
0,932930
0,932939
0,932802
0,932814
0,932845
Pg. 6/11
Error
0
2,042
1,1927
0,4922
0,2836
0,1205
0,0666
0,0298
0,0155
0,0074
0,0035
0,0018
0,00083
0,00045
0,00019
0,00011
0,000045< Error
Mtodos Numrico I
Mtodo de Gauss-Seidel.
14 3 x 2 x3
10
5 + 5 x1 + 3 x3
x2 =
10
14 x1 3 x 2
x3 =
10
x0 = [0,0,0]t error=0,0001
x1 =
1 Iteracin
14 3(0) (0)
= 1,4
10
5 + 5(1,4) + (0)
x2 ' =
= 1,2
10
14 1,4 3(1,2)
x3 ' =
= 0,9
10
x1 ' =
error
^ error=0,0001
14 3(1,2) (0,9)
= 0,95
10
5 + 5(0,9) + 3(0,9)
2
x2 =
= 1,245
10
14 0,9 3(1,2)
2
x3 =
= 0,9315
10
x1 =
2
error
no
cumple
Tabulando
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
x1i
x1i
0
1,4
0,95
0,9333
0,9328
0,93283
0
1,2
1,245
1,2461
1,24628
1,246263
x1i
0
0,9
0,9315
0,932827
0,932825
0,932837
Error
0
2,0518
0,4533
0,0167
0,00049
0,000056< Error
Aux. Jhonny-Nina-Gutirrez
Pg. 7/11