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Part: Formwork - 400mm x 400mm column with 5m height
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18/10/2016
Formwork - 400mm x 400mm column with 5m height
Part 1 - Design data

The design of Timber Formwork is in accordance with "Formwork - A Guide to Good Practice, 2nd edition 1995" and BS 5975:2008
Assumptions
- Concrete density is considered as 25.5 kN/m^3
- Timber design is carried out according to BS 5975:2008 and all Timber shall be at least class C24
- All steel to be grade 250 to BS 4360 unless otherwise specified
a) 20mm thickness of Plywood
C24
Type of Plywood
Thickness of Plywood
20
6912
4.8
8640
Permissible bending stress, pb x K2

Permissible shear stress, pv x K2
Elastic modulus, E x K2
N/mm^2 x
0.8
N/mm^2 x
0.8
0.64
N/mm^2 x
0.9
mm
N/mm2 with wet condition
N/mm2 with wet condition
0.576 N/mm2 with wet condition

Table 2 in BS
5975:2008 A1:2011
Table 16 in BS
5268:2002 + A1:2011
b) 50mm x 150mm - C24 Vertical bracing

C24
Type of timber for vertical bracing
Size of vertical bracing
50
4608
N/mm2
11.17
N/mm2
2.004
N/mm2
3.35
N/mm2
1.079
Elastic modulus, E x K2
5760
N/mm^2 x
0.8
0.8 x
1.4
mm x
150
mm
Permissible bending stress, pb

= Basic x K2 x K3 x K7 x K8
8.4
=
x
1.079
1.1
Permissible shear stress, pv

1.34
=
x
0.9 x
1.079
1.4
1.1
Permissible compressive stress, pc

2.76
=
x
where
0.6 x
1.0 x
1.079
K7
= (300 / depth)^0.11
K8
= 1.1 or 1.0
1.4
1.1
with load sharing
BS 5975:2008 +
A1:2011 in clause
16.4.2.10 &
16.4.2.11
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c) 50mm x 150mm - C24 Timber Waler

Type of timber waler
= Mean elasticity modulus x K2
Elastic modulus, E
Permissible bending stress, pb
= Basic stress x K2 x K3 x K7 x K8
5760
8.4
=
x
Permissible shear stress, pv
0.8 x
1.079
1.34
0.8
50
4608
150
mm x
N/mm
mm
1.4
1.0
10.153 N/mm2
0.9 x
1.079
1.822
N/mm2
3.35
N/mm2
1.4
1.0
2.76
=
x
where
N/mm^2 x
=
Permissible compressive stress, pc
C24
Size of timber plywood
0.6 x
1.0 x
1.079
1.4
K7
= (300 / depth)^0.11
1.079
K8
= 1.1 or 1.0
without load sharing
BS 5975:2008 +
A1:2011 in clause
16.4.2.10 &
16.4.2.11
Table 11 in BS
5268:2002 + A1:2011
Table 7 in BS
5268:2002 + A1:2011
d) 12mm diameter of steel bar - Grade 250

Thickness of Plywood,
Elastic modulus, Es
Strength of structural steel, Fy
Design strength, Ps
= 0.6 Fy
12
mm
205000 N/mm2
250 N/mm2
150
N/mm2
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Part 2 - Determining Concrete Pressure acting on formwork

Coefficient dependent on the size and shape of formwork
C1 = 1.0 for wall

C1 = 1.5 for Column
C1
1.5 (mh)^0.5
=
(see CIRIA Report 108 Table 1 for value)
Coefficient dependent on the constituent materials of the concrete
C2
0.45
(m)^0.5
(see CIRIA Report 108 Table 1 for value)
Weight density of fresh concrete
Maximum vertical height
24.5 kN/m^3 +
kN/m^3
25.5
5
30
kN/m^3
m
Concrete temperature at placing
= Lowest temperature for the max. conc. Pressure
Temperature coefficient
= [ 36 / (T + 16)]^2
= 0.61248
Rate of conc rising vertically up
= (Assumed as maximum value)
10
Diagram of Lateral Pressure
Depth, h Rate, R C1 sprt(R) Hydrostatic, Dh Pmax Min (Dh, Pmax)

(m)
(m/h)
(m)
kPa
kPa
kPa
5.00
10.000
4.743
0.0
124.517
0.000
4.44
10.000
4.743
14.167
124.517
14.167
3.89
10.000
4.743
28.333
124.517
28.333
3.33
10.000
4.743
42.500
124.517
42.500
2.78
10.000
4.743
56.667
124.517
56.667
2.22
10.000
4.743
70.833
124.517
70.833
1.67
10.000
4.743
85.000
124.517
85.000
1.11
10.000
4.743
99.167
124.517
99.167
0.56
10.000
4.743
113.333
124.517
113.333
0.00
10.000
Note that:
4.743
127.500
124.517
124.517
R
Pmax
m^3/h
0.000
14.167
28.333
42.500
)
(m
th
g
eih
no
it
av
el
E
56.667
70.833
85.000
99.167
113.333
0.000
= The rate of concrete rising vertically up
= Q/A
= Maximum vertical height
= D{C1*sqrt(R) + C2*K*sqrt[H-C1*sqrt(R)]}
50.000
100.000
124.517
150.000
Conc. Pressure (kN/m2)
When C1 sprt(R) > H, the hydrostic pressure (Dh) should be taken as the design
Thus, the maximum design concrete pressure is 124.518 kPa
Check the capacity of 20mm thickness of plywood
Provide that
20
(b) mm thickness of plywood and
200
mm vertical bracing spacing to spacing
Effective loading width
Design UDL loading, w
= w*Lw = ( 124.518kN/m^2 x 1m )
= 124.517 kN/m
Span length, L
= Spacing of vertical bracing
Cross section area
= bd = 20mm x 1000mm
Elastic modulus
Section Modulus
= bd^2/6 = [1000mm x (20mm)^2] / 6
66666.67 mm^3
= bd^3/12 = [1000mm x (20mm)^3] / 12
666666.7 mm^4
Second moment of inertia
Maximum design bending moment
Mmax
= qs^2/10 = 124.518 kN/m x (0.2m)^2 / 10
Required bending stress
req
= Mmax / Z
Maximum design shear force
Vmax
= qs= 124.518 kN/m x (0.2m)
Required shear stress
req
= Vmax / A
Maximum deflection value
dmax
= 0.0066 q s^4 /(EI)
1000
200
mm
mm
20000 mm^2
6912
N/mm^2
0.498069 kNm/m
7.471
24.903
1.245
N/mm^2 <
11.169
N/mm^2
OK
kNm/m
OK
kN/m
kN/m
<
2.004
= 0.0066 x (124.518N/mm) x (200mm)^4 / (6912N/mm^2) /

(666667mm^4)
=
Allowable deflection value
0.285
mm
dallowable = s / 270
=
0.741
mm
>
0.285
mm
OK
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Check the capacity of 50mm x 150mm of vertical bracing

Provide that 50mm x 150 mm vertical bracing with 200 mm spacing to spacing and timber waler with 400 mm spacing to spacing
50
mm x
150
= w*Lw = ( 124.518kN/m^2 x 0.2m )
Span length, L
= Spacing of timber waler
400
Cross section area
= bd = 50mm x 150mm
7500
mm^2
Elastic modulus
4608
N/mm^2
Section Modulus
= bd^2/6 = [50mm x (150mm)^2] / 6
187500 mm^3
= bd^3/12 = [50mm x (150mm)^3] / 12
14062500 mm^4
Mmax
= qs^2/10 = 24.904 kN/m x (0.4m)^2 / 10
req
= Mmax / Z
Vmax
req
dmax
mm
24.903 kN/m
mm
0.398455 kNm/m
2.125
N/mm^2
<
11.169
N/mm^2
OK
= qs = 24.904 kN/m x (0.4m)

=
200
mm
9.961
kN/m
= Vmax / A
=
1.328
kN/m
<
2.004
kNm/m
OK
= 5 q s^4/(384EI)
=
5 x 24.904N/mm x (400mm)^4 / 384 /4608N/mm^2

/14062500mm^3
0.128
mm
dallowable = L / 270
1.481
mm
>
0.128
mm
OK
Check the capacity of 50mm x 150mm of vertical bracing (Cantilever part)

Provide that 50mm x 150 mm vertical bracing with mm spacing to spacing with 150 mm cantilever
50
mm x
150
= w*Lw = ( 0kN/m^2 x 0.2m )
Span length, L
= Spacing of timber waler
150
Cross section area
= bd = 50mm x 150mm
7500
mm^2
Elastic modulus
4608
N/mm^2
Section Modulus
= bd^2/6 = [50mm x (150mm)^2] / 6
187500 mm^3
= bd^3/12 = [50mm x (150mm)^3] / 12
14062500 mm^4
Mmax
= q s^2/2 = 24.904 kN/m x (0.15m)^2 / 2
req
= Mmax / Z
Vmax
req
dmax
mm
24.903 kN/m
mm
0.280164 kNm/m
1.494
N/mm^2
<
11.169
N/mm^2
OK
= 9.962kN/m / 2 + wL = 4.981kN/m + 24.904 kN/m x (0.15m)

=
200
mm
8.716
kN/m
= Vmax / A
=
1.162
kN/m
<
2.004
kNm/m
OK
= q s^4/(8EI)
= 24.904N/mm x (150mm)^4 / 8 /4608N/mm^2
/14062500mm^3
=
0.024
mm
dallowable = s / 270
=
0.556
mm
>
0.024
mm
OK
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Check the capacity of 50mm x 150mm of timber waler

400
Provide that 50mm x 150 mm timber waler with
mm spacing to spacing
Size of timber waler

Effective loading area
=
Aeff
50
150
mm x
mm
= spacing of vertical bracing x spacing of timber waler

80000 mm^2
= 200mm x 400mm
Design UDL loading
= max design concrete pressure
= 124.517 kN/m^2
Design point loading
= w x Aeff = 124.518kN/m^2 x 0.08m^2
9.961
kN
Span length
= Spacing of steel joint
400
mm
Value of a
= [Spacing of steel joint - spacing of vertical bracing]/2
100
mm
Cross section area
= 2 x bd = 2 x 50mm x 150mm
15000 mm^2
Elastic modulus
Section Modulus
= 2 x bd^2/6 = 2 x [50mm x (150mm)^2] / 6
375000 mm^3
= 2 x bd^3/12 = 2 x [50mm x (150mm)^3] / 12
28125000 mm^4
Mmax
= Pa = 9.962 kN x 0.1m
req
= Mmax / Z
0.996
Vmax
req
dmax
N/mm^2
kNm
2.656
N/mm^2
<
10.153
N/mm^2
9.961
kN
OK
= P
=
4608
= Vmax / A
=
0.664
kN/m
<
1.822
kNm/m
OK
= Pa(3L^2 - 4a^2)/24/(EI)
= 9962N x 100mm x [3x(400mm)^2 - 4x(100mm)^2]/ 24
/4608N/mm^2 /28125000mm^3
/28125000mm^3
=
0.135
mm
dallowable = L / 270
=
1.481
mm
>
0.135
mm
OK
Check the capacity of 12mm of tie rod

400
Provide that 12mm diameter of tie bar with

Diameter of tie bar
Effective loading area
Aeff
mm spacing to spacing
12
mm
= spacing of vertical bracing x spacing of timber waler

80000 mm^2
= 200mm x 400mm
Design UDL loading
= 1.4 x max design concrete pressure
= 174.324 kN/m^2
Design point loading
= w x Aeff = 174.325kN/m^2 x 0.08m^2
Span length
= Spacing of steel joint
Cross section area
= (/2)^2 = (6mm)^2 x
= 113.097 mm^2
Allowable tension capacity of tie rod
= xA
13.946 kN
400
mm
= 150N/mm^2 x 113mm^2
=
16.9646 kN
>
13.946
OK
kN
Altematively, check the relevant capacity of timber waler which is subjected compression force due to tie rod
Design compressive force on the timber waler, N
= Design Tenile force of tie rod

=
13.946
Loading area
75
mm x
5625
mm^2
Cross section area
Allowable compressive stress on timber
75
mm
= bd
=
Required compressive stress on timber
kN
= N/A
=
2.479
3.350
N/mm^2
>
2.479
N/mm^2
N/mm^2
OK
Group No:
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of
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Job Title:
Client
Made by
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Date:
Summary:
Thickness of plywood
20
mm of C24
50
mm x
Horizontal Spacing of vertical bracing
200
mm (Max)
150
mm
150
mm
50
mm x
Vertical Spacing of timber waler
400
mm (Max)
150
mm (Max) (Cantilever at top and bottom)
Horizontal Spacing of tie rod
400
mm (Max)
18/10/2016

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Group No:

Formwork - 400mm x 400mm column with 5m height

Part 1 - Design data

Permissible bending stress, pb x K2

0.576 N/mm2 with wet condition

b) 50mm x 150mm - C24 Vertical bracing

Type of timber for vertical bracing

Size of vertical bracing

Permissible bending stress, pb

Permissible shear stress, pv

Permissible compressive stress, pc

with load sharing

c) 50mm x 150mm - C24 Timber Waler

Permissible bending stress, pb

Permissible compressive stress, pc

Size of timber plywood

without load sharing

d) 12mm diameter of steel bar - Grade 250

Strength of structural steel, Fy

Part 2 - Determining Concrete Pressure acting on formwork

C1 = 1.0 for wall

(see CIRIA Report 108 Table 1 for value)

Weight density of fresh concrete

Maximum vertical height

Concrete temperature at placing

= Lowest temperature for the max. conc. Pressure

Rate of conc rising vertically up

= (Assumed as maximum value)

Diagram of Lateral Pressure

Depth, h Rate, R C1 sprt(R) Hydrostatic, Dh Pmax Min (Dh, Pmax)

= The rate of concrete rising vertically up

= Maximum vertical height

Conc. Pressure (kN/m2)

(b) mm thickness of plywood and

mm vertical bracing spacing to spacing

Effective loading width

Design UDL loading, w

= Spacing of vertical bracing

Cross section area

= bd^2/6 = [1000mm x (20mm)^2] / 6

= bd^3/12 = [1000mm x (20mm)^3] / 12

Second moment of inertia

Maximum design bending moment

= qs^2/10 = 124.518 kN/m x (0.2m)^2 / 10

Required bending stress

Maximum design shear force

= qs= 124.518 kN/m x (0.2m)

Required shear stress

Maximum deflection value

= 0.0066 q s^4 /(EI)

= 0.0066 x (124.518N/mm) x (200mm)^4 / (6912N/mm^2) /

Check the capacity of 50mm x 150mm of vertical bracing

Design UDL loading, w

= w*Lw = ( 124.518kN/m^2 x 0.2m )

= Spacing of timber waler

Cross section area

= bd^2/6 = [50mm x (150mm)^2] / 6

Second moment of inertia

= bd^3/12 = [50mm x (150mm)^3] / 12

Maximum design bending moment

= qs^2/10 = 24.904 kN/m x (0.4m)^2 / 10

Required bending stress

Maximum design shear force

Required shear stress