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ABSTRACT
Report History:
Received 16 April 2014
Keywords:
preeclampsia,
bromophenol blue,
albuminuria
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I.
INTRODUCTION
Preeclampsia
is
a
pregnancy-specific
multisystem disorder which affects 3-8 % of
pregnancies. It is among the leading causes
of maternal and perinatal morbidity and
mortality, especially because it can progress
to
widespread
endothelial
dysfunction
affecting mainly the liver, the brain, and the
kidney. It has no cure, except for delivery of
placenta (Karumanchi & Cerdeira, 2012).
Preeclampsia
has many
risk
factors,
including family history of preeclampsiaeclampsia, obesity, multifetal gestation,
pregestational
diabetes
mellitus,
hypertension and renal disease, among
others (Wagner, 2004). It also manifests
itself through many symptoms such as
edema, thrombocytopenia (platelet count
less than 100,000/mm3), persistent severe
central nervous system symptoms (altered
5
In figure 3, the cuvettes are arranged in
increasing albumin concentration, such
that the leftmost cuvette corresponds to
the control, solution E, while the rightmost
cuvette, to solution A.
6
for different H values was superimposed in
the graph to help visualize the color of the
solutions based on the graph.
0.5
0
20
40
60
H ave
Linear (H ave)
3.5
3
2.5
2C
1.5
1
0.5
0
R = 0.98
D
40 120200
0 80 160240
H value
8
The positive results of the experiment may
be used in the design of a home-based
test for proteinuria, similar to a dipstick. It
is recommended that the experiment in
this study be replicated using urine
samples from pregnant women. In this
way, the sensitivity, specificity, positive
predictive value and negative predictive
value of the test may also be quantified.
Moreover, it is also suggested that a
prototype for the test using acid-free
paper be designed and field-tested. A
sample legend for such a test is shown
below, based from the data gathered in
this study.
V. CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
It has been found out that a 1.5-mL BPB
assay dropped in 0.5-mL urine sample is a
good indicator of significant amount of
protein levels in the urine. A dark, vivid
blue color may be observed when the
albumin level is about 3g/L, which is the
threshold value used for severe proteinuria
and preeclampsia, as well. The color
change at this level is very apparent. This
color is consistent across all samples,
though there are some errant samples,
where even the control solutions turned
blue, which may be indicative of some
renal disease from the sample donor.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
VII. REFERENCES
9
http://www.pop.org/content/why-dofilipino-women-die-childbirth
10
17.Wagner, L. K. (2004). Diagnosis and
Management of Preeclampsia.
American Family Physician , 2317 2324.
APPENDIX
A. Photos taken for Test 1
Labels below the photos are in the following format: T<test number>_s<sample
number>_t<trial number>_af