9

By

Dinglasan, John Mark G.

Garcia, Elvira L.
Gregorio, Meryl Ann G.
Rio Sumague

Design Development

Refinement or Articulation of the site

concept plan

Organizes:

Sites building

Circulation systems

Open Spaces

GOAL: For communities to become better

places to Live, Work & Play

Urban Design Theory

Evolving body of Ideas, Principles & Techniques for

designing the built environment.

From

studies

of

both

Historic

and

Contemporary

precedents

From Examining of Great designs as well as Design

failures

1. Why do Appearances Matter?

Because the three dimensional structure (form) of the built environment

affects its function.

Beauty adds value to the community

Residents take pride in their community

Business attractive environments

Design affects community character & determines how easy or difficult and
how pleasant or unpleasant, it is to LIVE there

PRINCIPLES
OF
COMPOSITION

Basic Principles of Composition

to shapeenclosing elements

dimension
Gravitational curves

hierarchy

The principles of architectural composition (1924)

by Roward Robertson

Plane

Element

Design Function
Components:

Unity Repetition, Rhythm and Simplicity

Balance Proportion And scale
Emphasis- Contrast and Hierchy
Order with Geometry

Unity is one of the goals

of composition. It allows
the viewer to see an
integrated whole, rather
than unrelated parts.

RHYTHM
The pattern of repetitive visual forms of
elements in the pictorial or sculptural frame.

Repetition
The color attributes, size and texture of materials
and of element

Simplicity
The palate or Number of different colors,
shapes or other qualities of the present
environment

Unaccented
rhythm if equally
spaced windows are
introduced on the
unbroken wall, then
regular repetition is
present

RHYTHM- movement, repetition, spacing

FOES OF UNITY
Competition is one of the worst foes of unity.
In studying an architectural problem, the plan receives
first consideration, and here it is too easily possible,
but not desirable, to have the elements competing
with each other for the place of importance.
However, the elements of an elevation are more
quickly seen and understood than those of the plan.

Confusion exists because of the lack of

similarity between the various elements
employed to create a building. It is a case of
unorganized competition and contrast.
Dissimilarity is too pronounced.

 In architectural composition the

elements must be arranged in such
a way as to ensure the domination
of the less important parts by the
major masses of the building.
All the units should together form a
compact and coherent ensemble.

Balance is concerned with

the distribution of visual
weight and interest
Simply an equal distribution
of weight.

Near Symmetry - two halves are

not exactly the same. Slight
variations will probably not change
the balance but there is more
potential for variety and hence more
interest.

BALANCE- equilibrium

symmetrical balance -refers to

an even distribution of visual
weight on either side of an
imaginary axis. The results look
formal, organized
and orderly.

Proportion is largely a matter of

relationship. It is evident by
comparison which the eye makes
between the size, shape, and
tone of various objects or parts of
composition.

PROPORTIONS
- Size and shape of the elements in the
built environment in relation to each
other

SCALE
- Size of design elements in relation to
the contextual elements such as building
trees and paving materials
-refers to how we perceive the size of the
building element or space relative to
other forms.

Anthropomorphic proportions
- refers to the measurement of the human individual for
the purposes of understanding human physical variation.

PROPORTIONS- may be based on the

following factors:
1. Natural Material Proportions
2. Manufactured Proportions
3. Mode of Construction or Structural Proportions
4. Requirements of the Program, Function or Government
Ordinances
- the proportion of the height a room is controlled by
local
building ordinances, logic and artistic sense.
- Auditorium proportions are influenced by the visual and
acoustical considerations.
- Proportions between heights and areas of rooms are
controlled by the capacity and lighting requirements of
the room.
5. Tradition and General Accepted Taste

EMPHASIS
Contrast in art and design
occurs when two related elements
are different
Hierchy Is the visual dominant
and subordinate element.

A
SHAPE

VARIETY - Contrast of form

S
S

Direction
or Type

Contrast in size
Contrast of Line
Texture
Openings

Contrast of Tone

Planes

Character may be divided into

three (3) types, depending upon the

source of its inception and upon whether
this source deals with the abstract or the
concrete. The classes are CHARACTER
from:
Function or use of the building.
Association or influence of traditional types
Personality or the human quality or
emotional appeal.

CHARACTER- expressiveness

PERSONAL CHARACTER
Buildings have qualities which are
directly related to their functions, but in
addition, they may possess
characteristics which have to do rather
with the emotional reaction set up in
the mind of the observer.

CHARACTER- expressiveness

PERSONAL CHARACTER

Buildings may be stern and forbidding, light and playful or

sedate and dignified with reference to the impressions, which
they are capable of giving.

It is to these qualities of vitality, repose, grace, restraint,

festivity, dignity, etc. that we give the name of personal
character.

If the building is designed in the proper spirit, this type of

character will grow naturally from the structure itself.

It is quite essential that this intangible quality agree with the

function of the building.

order with geometry

-IMPORTANT framework in organizing and articulating building components
RECTILINEAR THEME
- strangles square and rectangles, straight lines and
right angles

ANGULAR THEME
-points, radiating lines and acute obtuse, triangles
and hexagons

CURVILINEAR THEME
-Generative points, arcs and tangents, circles and
semi circles

OPEN
SPACE
SYSTEM

OPEN SPACE SYSTEM

OPEN SPACES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONENT RANGE FROM

RELATIVELY UNDISTURBED CONSERVATION AREA TO INTENSIVELY
DEVELOPED URBAN PLAZA.

THIS OPEN SPACES NOT ONLY ENHANCE A COMMUNITYS

QUALITY OF LIFE, BUT ALSO INCREASE ITS ECONOMIC

COMPETITIVENESS.

LOST

SPACES TYPICALLY POORLY DEFINED AND OFTEN

NEGLECETED MISSED OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE A
COMMUNITYS LIVABILITY.

THE PRIMARY METHOD OF ENCLOSING OUTDOOR SPACE

INVOLVES ORGANIZING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
VERTICAL ELEMENTS- BUILDINGS, WALLS. TREES.

A LINKED SYSTEM OF PUBLIC, SEMIPUBLIC, AND PRIVATE

OUTDOOR SPACES CONTRIBUTES TO PUBLIC HEALTH
AND COMMUNITY WELL-BEING.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

SUSTAINABLE SITE DESIGN INTEGRATES VEGETATION TO

REDUCE CONTAMINATED RUNOFF AND TO FACILITATE
INFILTRATION AND GROUNDWATER RECHARGE.BROUGHTON AND APFELBAUM, 1999

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION CAN HAVE THE GREATEST,

POSITIVE IMPACTS IF THESE EFFORTS ARE PLANNED
STRATEGICALLY.

RIPARIAN RESTORATION IS ONE EXAMPLALE OF THIS

TARGETED REMEDIATION AND IT PRODUCES IMPORTANT
ENVIRONMENTAL RESULT.

A GOOD SITE ANALYSIS CAN PROVIDE ROAD MAP FOR

TARGETING THESE ECOLOGICAL REATORATION EFFORTS.

GREEN ROOFS AND RAIN GARDENS CAN ALSO REDUCE

COSTS FOR HEATING AND COOLING BUILDING AND FOR
MANAGING STORMWATER RUNOFF.

CIRCULATION NETWORKS

LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PROVIDE TRANSPORTATION

CHOICES SUCH AS WALKING, BICYCLING, AND TRANSIT.

LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PLACE LESS EMPHASIS ON

MINIMIZING TRAFFIC DELAYS AND MORE EFFORT ON

TRAFFIC CALMING AND INCREASING SAFE AND
CONVENIENT TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES.

THESE COMMUNITIES BUILD PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE

CIRCULATION NETWORKS THAT ARE SEPARATE FROM
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION SYSTEM.

WALKABILITY

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT CAN EITHER IMPEDE OR

FACILITATE ACTIVE LIVING- WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR
PUBLIC HEALTH- JACKSON AND KOCHTITSKY, 2001

IN 1969, NEARLY HALF OF ALL SCHOOLAGE CHILDREN

IN THE U.S WALKED TO SCHOOL; BY 1995 IT DROPED TO
10%.

DESIGNING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES CLOSE

ATTENTION TO THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE- NOT JUST ON
VEHICLE, BUT ALSO PEDESTRIAN.

CONFLICTS BETWEEN PEDESTRIANS AND VEHICLES

FREQUENTLY RESULT IN PEDESTRIAN INJURIES AND
DEATHS.

MANY COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S FAILED TO ENSURE THAT

THE NEEDS OF PEDESTRIAN ARE ADEQUATELY MET.

METROPOLITAN AREAS WITH HIGH POPULATION DENSITIES

TEND TO BE SAFER FOR PEDESTRIAN THAN MORE
SPRAWLING AND SPARSELY POPULATED METROPOLITAN
AREAS.

SITE ANALYSIS- PURPOSE AND

SPECIFIC USE
PURPOSE

SPECIFIC USE

ARCHITECTURAL

DEFINING (enclosing) SPACE

CREATING LINKAGES BETWEEN
BUILDINGS OR SPACES
CONTROLLING OR DIRECTING
CIRCULATION
MARKING THE LOCATON OF AN
ENTRANCE
SEPARATING INCOMPATIBLE
ACTIVITIES
SCREENING UNDESIRABLE VIEWS
FRAMING DESIRABLE VIEWS
SOFTENING BUILDING CORNERS
AND WALL
PROVIDING SCALE

PURPOSE

ENGINEERING

SPECIFIC USE
STABILIZING SOILS AND
SHORELINES
SLOWING AND FILTERING
STORM WATER RUNOFF
FACILITATING STORMWATER
INFILTRATION AND
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
REDUCING WIND VELOCITY
BUFFERING NOISE
SHADING FROM SOLAR
RADIATION

PURPOSE

SPECIFIC USE

ECOLOGICAL

CREATING WILDLIFE
HABITAT
PROVIDING CORRIDORS
FOR WILDLIFE MOVEMENT
IMPROVING AIR AND WATER
QUALITY
MODERATING THE
MICROCLIMATE
REDUCING THE URBAN
HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
PROTECTING HUMAN
HEALTH AND ENHANCING
HEALING

THE SOCIAL LIFE OF

SMALL URBAN SPACES
WILLIAM WHYTE

WILLIAM WHYTE EXAMINES THE ATTRIBUTES OF

SUCCESSFUL OUTDOOR URBAN SPACES IN NEW YORK CITY.
THIS ATRRIBUTES ARE;

SEATING

FOOD

EXPOSURE TO BOTH SUNSHINE AND SHADE

PEOPLE

THE RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT OUTDOOR SPACES

NOT ONLY FACILITATING PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BUT
ALSO PROVIDE SAFE AND COMFORTABLE PLACES FOR
OUTDOOR LIVING.

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION NETWORKS PERFORM THREE

IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS. THEY ARE:

ACCESS TO THE SITE

MOBILITY WITHIN THE SITE

OUTDOOR SPACES FOR SOCIALIZING WITH OTHERS

NON (NODES, OASES,

NICHES)
NODES

PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION

OASES

PROVIDING OPPORUNITIES FOR QUIET RESPITE

NICHES

PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROSPECTS WITH A

REFUGE

DESIGN ATTRIBUTES IN A
COMPLETE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
1. SEPARATION
PEDESTRIAN

ARE SEPARATED FROM

VEHICLES AND WHERE THE SYSTEM
INTERSECT, WALKWAYS ARE IDENTIFIED W/
PAVING CHANGES, MARKINGS TO REDUCE
PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK DISTANCES

PEDESTRIAN

CONFLICTS W/ VEHICLES,
TRANSIT & BICYCLE & W/ NATURAL
HAZZARD

2. CONNECTIVITY

DISABLES USERS HAVE DIRECT ACCESS FROM

PARKING SPACES TO PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS AND
FROM WALKWAYS TO BUILDING ENTRANCES

ALL WALKWAY GRADIENTS ARE SAFE TO NAVIGATE

EVEN IN INCLEMENT WEATHER

3. CAPACITY

A HIERARCHY OF WALKWAYS ARE SUFFICIENT SIZE

TO ACCOMMODATE EXPECTED PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC

A HIERARCHY OF PLAZAS, SEATING AREAS, AND

OTHER OUTDOOR ROOMS ARE CONVENIENTLY
LOCATED

4. FURNISHING

SPECIAL PAVING THAT HELPS TO DEFINE PEDESTRIAN

SPACES AT MAJOR BUILDING AND THE ENTRANCES
AND AT MAJOR PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS AND
INTERSECTIONS

LIGHTING

FURNITURE

SEATING AREAS

VEGETATION

PUBLIC ART

OVERHEAD PROTECTION FROM THE WEATHER

TAMING THE AUTOMOBILE

WHAT MAKES FOR GOOD PEDESTRIAN STREET?

THREE BASIC QUESTIONS SHOULD BE ASKED: IS THE STREET

FUNCTIONAL? IS IT SAFE? IS IT COMFORTABLE?

A well-functioning pedestrian street also needs: land uses along it

that provide for daily shopping; access to public transport; places
where pedestrians can wait and easily cross the street; sufficient
sidewalk width; and adequate parking.

Pedestrian safety is also critical. The safer pedestrians feel on the

street, the more they will use it. Being safe means not being in
actual danger. Most streets in American towns have sufficient
warnings and actual barriers between people and cars that
accidents can be avoided. But feeling safe and comfortable on the
street has to do with the perception of danger. If traffic volumes
and speeds are intimidating to pedestrians, they will not feel
comfortable using the street.

BUILDINGS

The design development involves the spatial articulation or

refinement of the diagrammatic conceptual site plan.

In the design of urban infill projects, new buildings are

expected to be GOOD NEIGHBORS and fit in contextually.
This fitting in its achieved by echoing the massing, scale,
proportion, or other design attributes of nearby buildings-at
least when the nearby buildings are well designed.

WELL-DESIGNED- enhance both the quality and

distinctiveness of the local built environment. Articulating
a buildings facades involves choices regarding materials,
colors, shapes, and textures.

BUILDING USES
Well-designed pedestrian circulation systems,
residents, employees, and costumers are able to
drive less and walk more for at least some of their
daily life.

BUILDING SITTING
Good site planning involves the placement or siting,
of a building in response to each unique combination
of site and contextual conditions.

SITE CONDITIONS

DESIGN INFLUENCES

Topography (slope, aspect, and elevation)

Structural wind loading; architectural elevations

Soil types, textures, and load-bearing capacity

Foundation location and engineering

Vegetative cover and existing native plant populations

Solar load access and avoidance; construction

boundaries; storm water management

Wildlife migration and nesting patterns

Footprint location; site clearing

Geologic and seismic conditions

Foundation type and location; structural specifications

Parcel shape and adjacent land uses and buildings

Capacity to accommodate a proposed building size;

building access points

Utility easements or corridors, lines, and sizes

Footprint location; location of buildings tie-in to

utilities

Micro-climate factors (for example solar and wind

loads)

Layout for solar orientation, location of entrances,

windows, and loading docks; location of air inlets and
exhaust

Circulation networks for pedestrians, bicycle,

vehicles, and transit

Orientation to other pedestrian destinations

Regulatory requirements

Building setbacks or build-to lines, fire protection

Site planning principles

Preserve existing vegetation, which can add character

to the site and provide energy-conserving shade and
wind protection

Take advantage of natural site features, such as

topography, sunlight, shade, and prevailing breezes, to
promote energy conservation and natural ventilation.

Orient the building with the long side on the east-west

axis to allow for the greatest winter solar gains and to
minimize cooling loads from excessive solar heat gain.

In cooler climates, locate driveways, parking,

entrances, and loading docks on the south side of
buildings (in the northern hemisphere) to minimize
snow and ice buildup.

BUILDING MASSING AND

ARTICULATION

Creating streets that have a high-level of variety in building forms is a primary

objective of these guidelines. The exterior massing of the home should reflect the
room layouts of the home and organized to create a positive street environment.

The general elements of building massing and articulation are:

Front massing and entry

Garage placement

Roof form

Architectural projections

Rear articulation

Corner lots

Various elements should be incorporated into the design of the home including:

Incorporate single-story elements in multi-story buildings

Apply special design criteria and emphasis on corner lots

Minimize the negative impact of the garage

Vary setbacks of porches, living areas, and garages

Emphasis a transition of scale

SITE PLAN REVIEW

The most successful countries place high value on their buildings and
on the spaces between their buildings.
Architecture + Design
Scotland

OBJECTIVES

To develop a project it should compliance with applicable

codes, standards, and accepted site design practices.

To ensure that the sites development will meet basic

standards, including protecting sensitive natural environments,
minimizing impacts on surrounding properties and ensuring
efficient access to public services.

To protect public health and safety and promote the public

interest.

GOAL
Public Health and Safety

SPECIFIC FOCUS OF THE REVIEW

Natural and human-made hazards
Excessive light and noise
Building ventilation and daylight
Pedestrian and bicycle circulation
Recreational opportunities
Visual quality

Convenience and Efficiency

Traffic flow, ingress and egress

Parking capacity
Building deliveries and waste removal
Land use juxtapositions and intensities

Environmental Quality

Air and water quality

Erosion and threatened species habitats
Energy conservation
Schools
Police, fire and medical protection
Utilities (wastewater, electricity, water)
Social services

Municipal Services Capacity

Social Equity

Access to education, recreation, medical

care, jobs, and affordable housing
Equal participation in political decision
making
Stabilization of property values

REQUIRED INFORMATION

Submission requirements for the review of a development proposal

may include most, if not all, of the following:
Completed application form: Includes a written description of
the intended uses

Filing fee: May be a prorated fee computed on the basis of the

sites area, dwelling units, or building floor area.
Proof of ownership and a current legal description of the
property
Location map: Shows the subject property, zoning
classification, and nearby streets
Site analysis: Maps cultural and natural features on the site,
including existing trees, water courses, topography, and rare or
endangered plants

Site plan
o
o
o
o

o
o
o

Title block, date, north arrow, graphic scale and legal description of the
property
Legend with data on the lot area, floor area, floor area ratio,
impervious surface area, and impervious surface area ratio
Property lines and existing and proposed right-of-way lines; existing
and proposed easements
Existing and proposed building footprints and heights
Signage and lighting
Existing and proposed drainage facilities
Location and type of permanently protected green space

Landscape or Planning plan

o
o
o

Required buffer planting

Required parking lot plantings
Plant species and sizes, fencing types and heights, and beam heights.

Site engineering/earthwork plans

o
o
o

Building plans
o
o

Finished exterior treatment, including materials, textures,

and colors
Preliminary ground floor plan

Impact assessments
o
o
o
o
o

Grading and erosion control

Storm water management
Site utilities

Environment impacts
Fiscal impacts
Traffic impacts
Sediment, erosion and storm water impact
Lighting and noise impacts

Schedule for project completion

PUBLIC HEARINGS

Communities are increasingly concerned with how well a

development fits in with its surroundings. The site plan review
process provides an opportunity for the public to review and
comment on development proposals. A well-designed development
plan not only satisfies its program requirements, but also
responsive to the sites physical, biological, and cultural contexts.

A site plan is approved when all of its components are found to be

in compliance with applicable zoning and land development
requirements. Building permits are not issued for construction until
the proposal has received site plan approval.

Urban land use legacies present opportunities for remediation and

redevelopment. Correcting past mistakes and mitigating the impacts of
previous site uses are an important part of sustainable urban planning and
design. Smart Growth, New Urbanism, Context-Sensitive Design, and
related design paradigms have the potential to transform cities into healthier
and more livable places. New vibrant and walkable places can become
catalysts for economic prosperity and community pride.

As population grows globally, the importance of cities-and urban

design excellence-are becoming more widely appreciated. The planning and
design professions are increasingly asserting leadership-within the public,
nonprofit, and private sectors-to improve the quality of the built
environment. The important work includes developing, implementing and
evaluating improved analytical tools, design approaches and construction
technologies, and even public poliies.

THATS ALL,
THANKYOU