A)

B)
C)
D)

1.Studies of the relative impact of nature and nurture on human differences in

aggressiveness best illustrate the research efforts of
Freudian psychologists.
behavior geneticists.
evolutionary psychologists.
social learning theorists.

A)
B)
C)
D)

2.Chromosomes are composed of

schemas.
synapses.
neurotransmitters.
deoxyribonucleic acid.

A)
B)
C)
D)

3.Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical
twins who share a placenta. This best illustrates the influence of ________ on
development.
prenatal environments
genetic predispositions
gender schemas
natural selection

A)
B)
C)
D)

4.Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

fraternal twins who were raised together.
identical twins who were raised apart.
fraternal twins who were raised apart.
identical twins who were raised together.

A)
B)
C)
D)

5.Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same
home.
temperaments
genomes
personality traits
attitudes

A)
B)
C)
D)

6.Identifying some of the specific genes that contribute to alcohol use disorder would be of
most direct interest to
evolutionary psychologists.
molecular geneticists.
social learning theorists.
Freudian psychologists.
7.Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals are
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A)
B)
C)
D)

attributable to their differing

ethnic identities.
temperaments.
schemas.
genes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

8.If chronic child abuse alters a victim's gene expression in such a fashion as to facilitate
depression and suicide, this would be said to illustrate
a pruning process.
an epigenetic effect.
a reactive temperament.
culture shock.

A)
B)
C)
D)

9.Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to
gender schemas.
the X chromosome.
brain plasticity.
genetic predispositions.

A)
B)
C)
D)

10.Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. To avoid overestimating the impact
of peer pressure on teens' smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the
importance of
a selection effect.
a pruning process.
brain plasticity.
culture shock.

A)
B)
C)
D)

11.The dramatic increase in Americans' premarital sexual activity over the past half-century
best illustrates that sexual behavior is influenced by
temperament.
natural selection.
testosterone.
norms.

A)
B)
C)
D)

12.Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely
associated with
culture shock.
brain plasticity.
extraversion.
collectivism.

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A)
B)
C)
D)

13.A single ________ on the ________ chromosome plays a crucial role in the prenatal
development of the testes.
gene; X
gender schema; X
gene; Y
gender schema; Y

A)
B)
C)
D)

14.Traditionally, men were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts.
This best illustrates aspects of
gender identity.
behavior genetics.
individualism.
gender roles.

A)
B)
C)
D)

15.Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty
admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates the impact of
sex chromosomes.
behavior genetics.
gender schemas.
culture shock.

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Answer Key
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.D
8.B
9.D
10.A
11.D
12.D
13.C
14.D
15.C

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