A)

B)
C)
D)

1.Which of the following is true concerning a clinically significant disturbance?

It has had the same meaning since behavior was first studied.
It interferes with normal day-to-day life.
It involves an intense emotion but does not affect normal activities.
It does not involve feelings of distress.

A)
B)
C)
D)

2.The psychodynamic perspective would most likely view phobias as

conditioned fears.
displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.
biological predispositions.
manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.

A)
B)
C)
D)

3.Many psychologists believe the disorganized thoughts of people with schizophrenia result
from a breakdown in
selective attention.
memory storage.
motivation.
memory retrieval.

A)
B)
C)
D)

4.Research evidence links the brain abnormalities of schizophrenia to ________ during

prenatal development.
maternal stress
a viral infection contracted
abnormal levels of certain hormones
the weight of the unborn child

A)
B)
C)
D)

5.The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity,
whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for
the ________ model of psychological disorders.
medical
biopsychosocial
social-cultural
psychoanalytic

A)
B)
C)
D)

6.Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to

bad blood.
evil spirits.
brain injury.
laziness.

A)

7.In general, women are more vulnerable than men to

external disorders such as anxiety.
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B)
C)
D)

internal disorders such as depression.

external disorders such as antisocial conduct.
internal disorders such as alcohol use disorder.

A)
B)
C)
D)

8.Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is

NOT true?
Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.
Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders.
Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions.
Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

A)
B)
C)
D)

9.Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be

a genuine disorder.
merely role playing.
a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning perspective.
a biological phenomenon.

A)
B)
C)
D)

10.Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of

bipolar disorder?
dopamine
serotonin
epinephrine
norepinephrine

A)
B)
C)
D)

11.Although the cause of eating disorders is still unknown, proposed explanations focus on
all the following, EXCEPT
metabolic factors.
genetic factors.
family background factors.
cultural factors.

A)
B)
C)
D)

12.Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the
evolutionary process?
Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species'
survival.
Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared.
It is easier to condition some fears than others.
All of these provide evidence.
13.Which of the following is true of the medical model?

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A)
B)
C)
D)

In recent years, it has been in large part discredited.

It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable.
It emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disorders over that of
physiological factors.
It focuses on cognitive factors.

A)
B)
C)
D)

14.Psychodynamic and learning theorists both agree that dissociative disorders, anxiety
disorders, OCD, and PTSD are symptoms that represent the person's attempt to deal with
unconscious conflicts.
anxiety.
unfulfilled wishes.
unpleasant responsibilities.

A)
B)
C)
D)

15.Behavior is classified as disordered when it represents a significant dysfunction in

an individual's cognitions.
an individual's emotions.
an individual's behaviors.
all of these aspects.

A)
B)
C)
D)

16.The DSM-5's new diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

will clearly help parents who struggle with unstable children.
will turn temper tantrums into a mental disorder.
will lead to overmedication.
is controversial because its effect is as yet unknown

A)
B)
C)
D)

17.Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?

inappropriate emotions
disturbed perceptions
panic attacks
disorganized thinking

A)
B)
C)
D)

18.Social-cognitive theorists contend that depression is linked with

negative moods.
maladaptive explanations of failure.
self-defeating beliefs.
all of these characteristics.

19.Which of the following is NOT true of mood disorders, according to the biological
perspective?
A)
Activity in the left frontal lobe is increased during a depressed state.

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B)
C)
D)

Norepinephrine is scarce during depression.

Brain reward centers are less active during a depressed state.
The hippocampus, which is linked with the brain's emotion circuitry, is vulnerable to
stress-related damage.

A)
B)
C)
D)

20.Among the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia?

an excess of endorphins in the brain
being a twin
extensive learned helplessness
a genetic predisposition

A)
B)
C)
D)

21.Women in ________ consider bigger to be the ideal body shape.

Western cultures
countries such as Africa, where thinness can signal poverty,
the United States
Australia, New Zealand, and England

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Answer Key
1.A
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.B
6.B
7.B
8.A
9.B
10.D
11.A
12.D
13.B
14.B
15.D
16.C
17.C
18.D
19.A
20.D
21.B

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