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Grid files
About grid files
A grid file is a specific file type for storing regular data. Typically a grid file
consists of one or more grids or grid file values. In addition, each grid can
contain one or more subgrids.
In conventional mapping, a grid is a network of horizontal and vertical lines
superimposed on a map or plan and is used to aid in specifying or locating
points. In Minescape, grids provide a mechanism for storing data at specific X
and Y locations. For example, the depth of overburden at specific locations can
be stored using grids. They also enable Minescape to represent data in a regular
rectangular pattern. In this format, the data can be more easily and quickly
interpolated.
Grids consist of regularly spaced, parallel sets of orthogonal grid lines. The
intersection of orthogonal lines creates grid cells. In Minescape grids, the size of
each cell is identical.
Minescape allows non-gridded data to be imported and interpolated so that it
may be represented by, and stored as a grid file. Interpolation of data into a grid
occurs via a grid Spec. A grid file may be exported, copied, merged and output.
Grid file values in a grid file
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Grid files have a dedicated data source server which starts up when you first
access to a grid file. A message pop-up appears to notify you that the server is
being started. The server provides read/write access and validation support to
the various grid files in the current project. Once started, the grid server remains
active until Minescape is terminated.
Grid conventions
Grid Specs
Grid file data is stored at each grid node with a grid Spec determining the density
of data stored in a grid. If a large cell size is defined, the density of data is lower
than that of a grid having a smaller cell size.
The data to be gridded can be entered at the same time that the grid is created
or in a subsequent operation.
A grid defined to store data for a specific data item can be used to store values
for other data items provided that the same grid Spec is used to enter the data.
Therefore, the values of a number of different data items can be held at each grid
node in a single grid. If a different grid Spec is used, another grid is created.
Minescape allows the values of up to 800 data items to be held at each grid node
and 20 grids of different grid Specs to be held in a single grid file.
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Grid concepts
A Minescape grid consists of a number of square grid cells arranged in
orthogonal rows and columns separated by grid lines. The intersection of each
orthogonal grid line is known as a grid node.
Components of a grid
Grid node
Grid cell
Grid rows
Grid lines
Grid columns
Grids store spatial data in a regular format, at the grid nodes. Grid values are
created by interpolating the original data onto the network of grid nodes. The
evenly-spaced distribution of grid file data allows it to be quickly accessed by
Minescape. However, some resolution may be lost when using grids.
The number of rows and number of columns in a grid do not have to be equal.
For example, a grid containing 70 rows and 38 columns can be specified. Grid
cells are always square. The width of a grid cell is defined in current LENGTH
units. The maximum size of a grid is limited only by the available disk space.
Note: Row and column numbers refer to the number of grid lines.
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Subgrid concepts
Grids can be rotated to align with the data distribution and they can have a
patchwork of overlapping subgrids that can have a different cell size to the main
grid. Subgrids are specified within (or outside of) an area enclosed by a
bounding or domain polygon.
Grids and subgrids
Grid with domain superimposed
Domain polygon
Subgrid A
Subgrid B
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1. A particular Z value name can only exist for one grid in the grid file. It may then be
defined by multiple subgrids of different orientation and densities using domain polygon
bounding, but all within one grid.
2. The maximum number of Z values that can be stored at a grid node is set when a grid
is added to the file. It cannot then be changed. The absolute maximum is 800 Z values
3. As domains are defined for a subgrid, they consequently restrict all Z values defined for
the associated grid in the file. Hence, limiting an existing Z value with domains will cause
the value to be extracted from the current grid and added to a new grid, (and hence,
subgrid). All grid and subgrid manipulation at this level is automatic.
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Grid headers
A grid header contains:
Grid Name (up to 16 characters)
Grid Description (up to 32 characters)
Date Created
Maximum number of node Z values for subgrids defined in this grid
Current number of node Z values for subgrids defined in this grid
Current number of subgrids in this grid
List of Z value definitions, consisting of:
Z value nameup to 16 characters
Z value descriptionup to 32 characters
Z value typeInteger or Real
Z value unit categorya valid unit category
Z value unitthe unit in which the associated data values are stored in the
grid file
Z value interpolatorthe name of the interpolator that was used to evaluate
the grid.
Subgrid headers
The subgrid header contains:
Subgrid nameup to 16 characters
Subgrid descriptionup to 32 characters
Date created
Grid Spec parameters:
Origin (X,Y coordinates)
Number of rows and columns
Cell size
Rotation angle.
Domain polygonup to 1000 vertices
Minima and maxima for each Z value.
Data values
The values at each node are stored in column orderfrom column one to the
number defined for the subgrid. Each node stores the maximum number of
values for the grid.
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Creating
Creating a grid file
A grid file must be created before output can be sent to it. It can be created in
advance or as required (without the need to backtrack).
A grid file may consist of one or more grid file values (grids) and can be created
with or without defined grid file values. If grid file values are not set up on
creation of the grid file, the grid Spec must be supplied when each value is
added. If grid file values are entered at the time of grid file creation, the grid Spec
should first be created.
To create a grid file:
Alternatively, highlight the Grid File field in your current form and select
Create from the form Fields menu, or right-click in the Grid File field and
select Create from the pull-down menu.
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Select the
Create button
Values at
grid nodes
Grid Spec
to use
Enter a unique Grid file nameotherwise an error will occur when the
module is run.
Select a Grid distance unit for the grids from the pull-down selection list
(default is the current LENGTH unit).
Optional Values at each Node are the data items (named Values) to store
at each node.
If any grid values are supplied for the grid file, select or create a grid Spec.
The form is dismissed and the module GRIDCREATE is invoked. The specified
grid file is created in the project grids directory as <grid file name>.grd. This
grid file can be accessed at any time from within the current project.
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Expand
the
hierarchy
Open
the
folder
Enter the name of the output Grid file or select from the pull-down selection
list
. The grid file must already exist.
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Enter the name of a valid Grid Spec or select from the pull-down selection list.
Note: This module creates a surface definition with the same name as the grid value name. If a
surface of this name already exists, it is overwritten.
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Select the
Create button
Open the
Specs
folder
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Note: Polygons for grid size and orientation can also be Picked from the CAD window using the
button.
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To calculate the number of rows and columns for a grid Spec, use the following
formulae:
Number of rows = ((MAX Northing - MIN Northing)/Cell size) +1
Number of columns = ((MAX Easting - MIN Easting)/Cell size) +1
For example, if the cell size is 500 and the grid limits are:
Eastern Limit:
654000.00
Western Limit:
648000.00
Northern Limit:
7410000.00
Southern Limit:
7396000.00
No. of rows = ((7410000.00 - 7396000.00)/500) + 1 = 29
No. of columns = ((654000.000 - 648000.00)/500) + 1 = 13
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Select the
sheet
label
Index
or
Pick polygon for
sheet size from
CAD window
Select the
Create button
Open the
Specs
folder
The North, West, East and South boundary of the data. If these fields are
left missing, the limits of the data set are used.
IMPORTANT
Note: Polygons for sheet limits can also be Picked from the CAD window using the
button.
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Section
Spline
FEM
FDM
PLANAR
HEIGHT
Data Types
Line string datalarge volumes (e.g. survey). Smoothing
not required
Contour datalarge volumes.
Contour datasmall volumes
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Interpolator (contd)
FEM
FDM
SPLINE
LINE
FEM
FDM
FEM
FDM
LINE
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The following table summarises the parameter requirements for the various
interpolators
Note: Unused parameters are ignored.
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Interpolator
Height
Inverse
Polygon
Trend
Planar
Contour
Line
Section
Spline
FEM
FDM
Triangle
See:
Home
Inverse
Distance
Power
Surface
Polynomial
Order
Glossary
Index
Search
Radius
Anisotropy
Sectors
Alternatively, select the Interpolator field in your current form and select
Create from the Fields menu,
or right-click in the Interpolator field and select Create from the pull-down
menu.
The following form opens:
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Select the
Create button
Open the
Specs
folder
Select the
interpolator
label
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Importing
Uniformly-spaced grids can be imported into Minescape. The types of data can
that can be imported are listed belowthese options are available in Minescape
by selecting one of the tab-dividers shown in the following example form.
ASCII
CPS-III
Dump
M2 Structural
M2 Grid
M2 Topo
M2 Quality
folder.
buttonthe following form appears:
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Select the
required grid
import operations
Select the
Import button
Open the
Grid files folder
Select the type of data that you want to import by selecting the appropriate
tab. For example, if you want to import data in ASCII format, select the ASCII
tab-divider.
Enter the appropriate parameters in the form fields including the grid file into
which the data is to be loaded.
Note: Select the tab-divider names listed under Importing for information on the various
form fields.
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Exporting
Grid files can be exported to the file types listed belowthese options are
available in Minescape by selecting one of the tab-dividers shown in the following
example form.
ASCII
exports gridded data to an ASCII file.
Dump
exports gridded data to a Minescape Dump file.
M2 Grid
exports gridded data to Miner 2 single surface grids.
To export data from a Minescape grid file:
buttonthe
Select the
required grid
export operation
Select the
Export button
Open the
Grid files
folder
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Select the data format that you want to export to by selecting the appropriate
tab. For example, to export data to a Dump file, select the Dump tab-divider.
Enter the appropriate parameters in the form fields including the grid file that
you want the data exported from.
Note: Select the tab-divider names listed under Exporting for information on the various
form fields.
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Deleting
Deleting a grid file
To delete a grid file:
Select the grid file (by left-clicking) or multiple grid files to be deleted in the
Grid file panel. (Left-click again to deselect).
Select
Delete
Open
the Grid files
folder
Delete
without
confirmation
Select the
grid file(s)
to delete
Delete Alldeletes all grid files highlighted in the Values panel. No further
confirmation is requested.
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Select one of the above options to delete the grid file(s) and its data from the
current project.
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Select the grid value (by left-clicking) or multiple grid values to be deleted in
the Grid value panel. (Left-click again to deselect).
Expand
the
hierarchy
Open
the
folder
Select the
grid file value(s)
to delete
Select OK or Apply to deleted the selected values from the current project.
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Editing
Grid files can be edited using grided, Minescapes powerful grid file utility. This
utility enables multiple grid files to be opened simultaneously. Within an open
grid file you can examine all grids and subgrids in that file.
See:
The grided grid file utility for full details on the use of grided.
Viewing
To view a grid file value or multiple values in the CAD window:
Select the grid value or multiple grid values to be displayed from the Grid
value panel.
A new window is opened in the CAD window displaying the selected values
(see following example).
button.
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Select
View
OR
drag-and-drop
the grid value
onto the CAD
window
Select the
grid value(s)
to view
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Renaming
Renaming a grid file
To rename a grid file:
Select the Rename button. A pop-up dialogue appears asking you to rename
the selected file.
Select
Rename
Select the
grid file
to rename
Open
the Grid files
folder
Enter
new name
Enter the new name for the grid file and select OK.
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Select
Rename
Expand
the Grid files
hierarchy
Open
the
folder
Select the
grid file value
to rename
.
the list of grid files for the project are
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Enter the new name for the grid file value(s) and their corresponding
descriptions.
If the Rename surface box is selected, any surfaces named after their grid
value (i.e. the surface has no prefix) are renamed to the new grid value name.
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Copying
Copying a grid file
To copy a grid file:
Select the file you want to copy by left-clicking on its label. (Left-click again to
unselect).
Select
Copy
Select the
grid file
to copy
Enter
new name
Open
the Grid files
folder
Once you have entered the file name, select OK. The file is copied to the
specified file name and directory location if given.
Note: A grid file cannot be copied while it is being used by a module or in a CAD window.
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Reporting
The following reporting options can be selected to generate information/reports
on selected grids:
Report
Grid Info
Value List
Lists the grid values for a grid file. The description, units,
minima and maxima are also displayed. The information can
be output as a report.
Statistics
Select the grid file for which you want to generate a report.
In the following example, the Grid Info tab is selectedthe report information
has been generated to the screen.
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Select
Info
Open the
Grid Files
folder
Select the
grid file
to report on
Note: Select the tab-divider names listed under Reporting for information on the various
form fields.
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GraphicsAncillariesBase Grid
Generate a base grid drawing into a design file. The grid may
have both major and minor grid lines/markers.
See also: Creating a base grid
Contour
Post
GraphicsPostGrid
Generates posting into a design file at each grid node for the
grid values supplied.
Mesh
GraphicsMeshGrid
GraphicsAncillariesSection Grid
GraphicsAncillariesGrid
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Select the grid file for which you want to generate graphical output.
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Select
Graphics
Select the
grid file
Open the
Grid files
folder
Note: Select the tab-divider names listed under Graphical output operations for
information on the various form fields.
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Processing
When additional data becomes available for a specific data item, that data can
be used to update existing gridded data. This operation is expected to be
associated with one or more polygon domains. Each domain must be created as
a polygon in a design file. The element ID of the polygon can be specified either
by graphically selecting the required polygon element or entering it directly. Each
polygon can be identified as inclusive or exclusive.
If the new data is to be gridded with a different grid Spec to that of the original
value, this is the UPDATE case. If the new data is to be gridded with the same
grid Spec as the original value, this is the PATCH case. Smoothing may
optionally be applied at the domain boundaries.
The options available for processing (or updating) grid file data are listed
belowthese options are available in Minescape by selecting one of the tabdividers shown in the following example form.
Data
Interpolates ASCII file data into a grid file value. The file must
contain X, Y, Z values in order but the data need not be
uniformly spaced. Before the data can be interpolated, a grid
Spec and an interpolator Spec need to be defined. Each grid
file value may have a different grid Spec within different areas
of the grid, i.e. a subgrid.
Tables
Interpolates table file data into a grid file value. Before the
data can be interpolated, a grid Spec and an interpolator
Spec need to be defined. Each grid file value may have a
different grid Spec within different areas of the grid, i.e. a
subgrid.
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Designs
Interpolates design file data into a grid file value. Before the
data can be interpolated, a grid Spec and an interpolator
Spec need to be defined. Each grid file value may have a
different grid Spec within different areas of the grid, i.e. a
subgrid.
Triangle
Interpolates triangle file data into a grid file value. Before the
data can be interpolated, a grid Spec and an interpolator
Spec need to be defined. Each grid file value may have a
different grid Spec within different areas of the grid, i.e. a
subgrid
Surface
Blocks
Interpolates block solid data into a grid file value. Before the
data can be interpolated, a grid Spec and an interpolator
Spec need to be defined. Each grid file value may have a
different grid Spec within different areas of the grid, i.e. a
subgrid.
Inclusion
Expression
Note: Most MXL expression modifications on grid file values can be better
achieved by gridding surface expressions.
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In Fill
No Miss
Surfaces
or
button.
Select the appropriate tab-divider. In the following example, the Data tab is
selected.
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Select the
grid file
to process
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Select
Process
Open the
Grid Files
folder
Note: Select the tab-divider names listed under Processing for information on the various form
fields.