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International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010 waset.org/Publication/15242
Saad Nahi Saleh is with the Chem. Eng. Dept., Tikrit University, Iraq
(e-mail: saad_nahi68@yahoo.com).
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scholar.waset.org/1999.2/15242
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010 waset.org/Publication/15242
[
)
x ! xcr
if
(3)
x xeq
xcr xeq
x xeq
[
(4)
)
xcr xeq
1 ln 1 \
100 c1 T c 2
1m
(5)
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International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010 waset.org/Publication/15242
Fig. 1The geometry of the pilot plant spray dryer (the dimensions in
mm)
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International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010 waset.org/Publication/15242
TABLE I
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS USED FOR CASE STUDY
Air
flowrate
(m3/s)
0.42
Air temp.
Air axial
velocity
Air radial
velocity
(m/s)
(m/s)
7.42
Pressure
at outlet
(Pa)
-150
Wall
material
Steel
Air
humidity
(kg w /kg a )
0.009
Feed
temp.
(o C )
27
Swril
Degree
Turb. - k value
Air
tangential
velocity
(m/s)
0.649
Turb. - H -value
(m2/s2)
0.027
(m2/s3)
0.37
Wall heat
transfer
coefficient
(W/m2.K)
3.5
Air temp.
outside
wall
(o C )
25
(o
C)
195
-5.19
5
Chamber
wall
thickness
(m)
0.002
Wall
boundary
condition
escaped
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International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010 waset.org/Publication/15242
Fig. 8 Vector plot of the predicted air velocity (m/s) in the lower
conical of the spray dryer chamber.
VI. CONCLUSION
The CFD simulations correctly predict the internal
behaviour of the spray dryer. It discerned that the air flow at
specified conditions consist of fast flowing core and slow
recirculation zone around it, and the air flow reveals a
periodicity in some locations in the dryer which can
simulated by a transient CFD model. The drying of droplet
take place in the core region where the smaller droplets
evaporated due to high air temperature. The air flow pattern
have an important effect upon the trajectories of the particles
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that specify the particle history and its fate inside the spray
dryer, and in turn , the air flow pattern play an important role
in existence of the deposition and in the quality of the
product ,in addition to the performance of the spray dryer.
The air flow pattern with water or maltodextrin solution
spray is very similar to that without spray, therefore the effect
of particles on the air flow can be neglected in the spray dryer.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:4, No:2, 2010 waset.org/Publication/15242
NOMENCLATURE
[5]
Ad
m2
[6]
C w, s
concentration of vapour
kmol / m3
[7]
DW , m
diffusion cofficient
m2 / s
dd
droplet diameter
kc
Mw
droplet mass
N
P
drying rate
pressure
temperature
t
Re
time
Reynolds number
s
-
Sc
Schmidt number
Sh
Sherwood number
moisture content
kg w / kg s
[8]
Pm
[9]
m/ s
[10]
kg
kg/s
pa
[11]
( J K mol )
[13]
[14]
[15]
Greek letters
[12]
[16]
[17]
relative humidity
[18]
[19]
subscript
[20]
cr
eq
critical
equilibrium
[21]
droplet
droplet surface
sat
w
saturation
water
bulk air
[22]
231
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