Higher Colleges of Technology

Abu Dhabi Men’s College

MLAB 300
HD semester 3

ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

By
Saad Mhammed Ahmed
Ismail hasan
Faisal Ali
Mohamed Al Jaberi

Prepared for

Katherine Keywood
 ABO GROUP
How, when, and by whom was the system discovered?

ABO group system is the important blood types. It discovered in

1900 and 1901 by Karl Landsteiner at the University of Vienna in
the process of trying to learn why blood transfusions sometimes
cause death and at other times save a patient.

How many locus, on what chromosome and how many alleles are there
for each locus?

ABO group is single locus system and his locus found in chromosome 9. An
individual's ABO type is determined by the inheritance of 1 of 4 alleles (A, A2,
B, or O) from each parent.

Parent Alleles
A B O

AA AB AO
A
(A) (AB) (A)

AB BB BO
B
(AB) (B) (B)

AO BO OO
O
(A) (B) (O)

The possible ABO alleles for one parent are in the top row and the alleles of the
other are in the left column. Offspring genotypes are shown in black.
Phenotypes are red.

Statistics about occurance of genes in the population. Are there any

statistics for the UAE?

PEOPLE GROUP O A B AB
Aborigines 61 39 0 0
Abyssinians 43 27 25 5
Ainu (Japan) 17 32 32 18
Albanians 38 43 13 6
Grand Andamanese 9 60 23 9
Arabs 34 31 29 6
Armenians 31 50 13 6
Asian (in USA - General) 40 28 27 5
Austrians 36 44 13 6
Bantus 46 30 19 5
Basques 51 44 4 1
Belgians 47 42 8 3
Blackfoot (N. Am. Indian) 17 82 0 1
Bororo 100 0 0 0
Brazilians 47 41 9 3
Bulgarians 32 44 15 8
Burmese 36 24 33 7
Buryats 33 21 38 8
Bushmen 56 34 9 2
Chinese-Canton 46 23 25 6
Chinese-Peking 29 27 32 13
Chuvash 30 29 33 7
Czechs 30 44 18 9
Danes 41 44 11 4
Dutch 45 43 9 3
Egyptians 33 36 24 8
English 47 42 9 3
Eskimos (Alaska) 38 44 13 5
Eskimos (Greenland) 54 36 23 8
Estonians 34 36 23 8
Fijians 44 34 17 6
Finns 34 41 18 7
French 43 47 7 3
Georgians 46 37 12 4
Germans 41 43 11 5
Greeks 40 42 14 5
Gypsies (Hungary) 29 27 35 10
Hawaiians 37 61 2 1
Hindus (Bombay) 32 29 28 11
Hungarians 36 43 16 5
Icelanders 56 32 10 3
Indians (India - General) 37 22 33 7
Indians (USA - General) 79 16 4 1
Irish 52 35 10 3
Italians (Milan) 46 41 11 3
Japanese 30 38 22 10
Jews (Germany) 42 41 12 5
Jews (Poland) 33 41 18 8
Kalmuks 26 23 41 11
Kikuyu (Kenya) 60 19 20 1
Koreans 28 32 31 10
Lapps 29 63 4 4
Latvians 32 37 24 7
Lithuanians 40 34 20 6
Malasians 62 18 20 0
Maoris 46 54 1 0
Mayas 98 1 1 1
Moros 64 16 20 0
Navajo (N. Am. Indian) 73 27 0 0
Nicobarese (Nicobars) 74 9 15 1
Norwegians 39 50 8 4
Papuas (New Guinea) 41 27 23 9
Persians 38 33 22 7
Peru (Indians) 100 0 0 0
Philippinos 45 22 27 6
Poles 33 39 20 9
Portuguese 35 53 8 4
Rumanians 34 41 19 6
Russians 33 36 23 8
Sardinians 50 26 19 5
Scotts 51 34 12 3
Serbians 38 42 16 5
Shompen (Nicobars) 100 0 0 0
Slovaks 42 37 16 5
South Africans 45 40 11 4
Spanish 38 47 10 5
Sudanese 62 16 21 0
Swedes 38 47 10 5
Swiss 40 50 7 3
Tartars 28 30 29 13
Thais 37 22 33 8
Turks 43 34 18 6
Ukranians 37 40 18 6
United Kingdom (GB) 47 42 8 3
USA (blacks) 49 27 20 4
 USA (whites) 45 40 11 4

What types of antibodies are produced by ABO system? IgM? IgG? Or

both

Both, Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM, which are not able to
pass through the placenta to the fetal blood circulation. O-type individuals can
produce IgG-type ABO antibodies.

Can the system be the cause of a HTR (Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction)

or HDNB (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)?

ABO blood group incompatibilities between the mother and child does not
usually cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) because antibodies to
the ABO blood groups are usually of the IgM type, which do not cross the
placenta; however, in an O-type mother, IgG ABO antibodies are produced
and the baby can develop ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Is there any other information specific for the system?

Newborn infants incompatible with their mothers in the ABO system present
a potentially higher risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia particularly in the
presence of a positive direct Coombs test.

References:

http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/ABO_system.htm

http://www.bloodbook.com/world-abo.html

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/51/2/288

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type