Overview of Start-up of Gas Turbine.

1. STARTUP OF A GAS TURBINE 2GE FRAME 9FA GAS TURBINE 750MW COMBINED CYCLE
POWER PLANT
2. Why a starting mean is required to start a gas turbine?

Like other internal combustion engines, a gas turbine cannot produce torque at zero
speed.
The starting mean system is used to start the gas turbine rolling, crank it to firing speed
and assist the fired turbine to self-sustaining speed.
This is accomplished by a motor, generator or other starting device operating through a
torque converter coupled to the accessory gear.
This arrangement provides the cranking torque for turbine start-up and during
shutdown this continues to rotate the turbine rotor at slow speed for cool down
purposes.

3. Depending on the plant and the type of Gas turbine starting means are classified as follows:
Gas turbine Generator Diesel engine Motor
4. Generator
5. Diesel engine
6. Why starting mean require Torque converter

Acceleration to purge speed.

Acceleration to firing speed.
Assisting the gas turbine till it reaches self sustained speed.

7. Motor with torque converter Hydraulic Oil Pump Accessory Drive Gear Torque Converter
8. Why Turning gear mechanism is required?

The turning gear provides the power necessary to breakaway and rotate the turbine
prior to turbine start and also to rotate the shafting after turbine shutdown to avoid
deformation of it shafting's.

9. Turning gear mechanism

10. Why SSS Clutch is required in starting operation of turbine?

Its an over running clutch for automatic engagement and disengagement.

It is a self engaging in breakaway or turning mode and over runs when
turbine/generator shafting speed exceeds turning gear drive packaged speed.

11. The most commonly used type of clutch is SSS (Synchronous Self Shifting ) Clutch. SSS clutch
working
12. Electrical to mechanical power conversion Exhaust Rotating shaft Generator Gas turbine Grid
Transformer Pumps Starting apparatus

If a Generator is selected as a starting mean then it behaves like a motor and draws
current from the Grid to perform the startup operation of a gas turbine.

13. Start up curve of gas turbine

14. Why post and pre lubrication is required during startup and shutdown of gas turbine?

Gas turbine lubrication is started before the actual start up and after shutdown for a
short period of time to ensure effective lubrication of the gas turbine parts and increase
the performance of the gas turbine parts.

15. Accessory Coupling Active Thrust Inactive Thrust No # 1 Journal Bearing Load Coupling Load
Equipment Coupling Oil Lube Oil Drain to Reservoir Bearing Oil No # 2 Journal Bearing
16. STARTUP STEPS ? Purging ? Warming up time ? Auxiliary lube/hydraulic oil pump and
Ratchet motor start, Jaw clutch will engage, Diesel engine start START (14HR(0% SPEED)
CRANKING 14HM(20% SPEED) FIRE (UPTO 50% SPEED) ? At 60% speed Diesel engine disengage
and shutdown ACCELERATE 14HA(50% SPEED) ? At 95% speed aux lube/hydraulic oil pump stop,
bleed valves closes FSNL 14HS(95% SPEED)
17. STARTUP SCREEN WITH MASTER CONTROL START AND STOP OPTION
18. Why start check screen is required?

In order to ensure the successful start up of a gas turbine all the axillaries and other
compartments are to be checked.
This is ensured with the help of a start check screen which gives the status of the
auxiliaries with a green signal that indicate the proper state to start the gas turbine.

19. Start check screen with READY TO START signal.

20. Instructor station with dialog box questioning whether to Start the Turbine
21. Start check screen with NOT READY TO START status
22. STARTUP SCREEN WITH READY TO START STATUS
23. What is Cranking? Why cranking is required?

Its a process during which a gas turbine is made to run at a required speed during start
up and shutdown operation, in order to prevent turbine rotor undergoing hogging and
sagging.

24. STARTUP STATUS CRANKING

25. Why purge timer is required?

Depending on the type of fuel and based on the type of start (fast start or normal start)
purge time is fixed
Purging is required to flush out and choke out liquid fuel nozzles which may have traces
and residues which are left out in the combustion chamber, after the shutdown
operation of gas turbine.
Depending on the type of fuel used in combustion chamber the purge timer is set.

26. Why Warming up of a gas turbine is required?

In order to have low cycle fatigue on hot gas components. they are internally heated
and are exposed to a constant temperature .
Sudden heating and cooling of hot gas components is not recommended, so warming up
of hot gas components is carried out

27. STARTUP STATUS WARMING UP

28. What is Firing of a gas turbine?

When admission of fuel in the combustion chamber takes place firing occurs.
During this period of time the gas turbine will have firing status.

29. STARTUP STATUS FIRING

30. STARTUP STATUS ACCELERATING
31. RUN STATUS FSNL
32. RUN STATUS COMPLETE SEQUENCE
33. RUN STATUS LOADING CLOSED
34. RUN STATUS LOADING CLOSED
35. RUN STATUS BASE LOAD CLOSED
36. Why Emergency stop system is required

Whenever an abnormal functioning of gas turbine is observed during the field stroking
operation, then the gas turbine can be immediately stopped using the emergency stop
system.