Puntil, Adrian Spencer B.

Answers to Exercise 7
Part 1
1. LGU- Local Government Unit
2. MMDA- Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
3. 3 Rs- Reduce, Reuse , Recycle
4. EGF- Epidermal Growth Factor
5. DP- Disposal Permit
6. PO7. EMS-Environmental Management System
8. ODS-Ozone Depleting Substances
9. AQMF- Air Quality Management Section
10. NAAQMV- National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Value

Part II.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

R.A. 8749- Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

R.A. 9275- Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
R.A. 9003- Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
R.A. 6969- Toxic Substances And Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990
R.A. 9211- Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003

Part III.
WATER AND WASTEWATER
1. 200 mg/L,
2. A mixing zone is an area of a lake or river where pollutants from a point source discharge
are mixed, usually by natural means, with cleaner water.
a. No industrial or domestic sewage effluent shall be discharged into class AA and SA
waters.
b. No new industrial plant with high waste load potential shall discharge into body of
water where the assimilative capacity is insufficient to maintain its prescribed water
quality according to its usage.
c. No person is allowed to discharge partially, wholly untreated/inadequately treated
industrial effluent directly into bodies of water through by-pass canal, pumps or other
unauthorized means except upon approval by the government.
d. All wastewater control facilities shall be properly maintained and operated.
e. No industrial establishment shall be operated without the WWF, and capacity is
beyond the limit of operations.
3. Class A- Public water supply II. This requires complete treatment (coagulation, filtration,
and disinfection)

Class AA- Public water supply class I. Primarily intended for waters having watersheds
which are uninhabited, otherwise protected and which require only disinfection,
AIR
4.
Criteria Pollutants

Major Source

Environmental Impact

(1) PM

Materials
handling
volcanic ash

(2)SOx

Manufacture of sulfuric Acid, fuel

burning equipment

Acid rain,
materials

(3)NOx

Combustion,
fuel
equipment, burning coal

Photochecmical
Eutrophication

(4)CO

Incomplete combustion of any

organic fuel
Fuel combustion, Gasoline vapors

Diseases,
carbon
poisoning
Diseases, lung damage

Industrial
sources,
metals
processing
Incomplete combustion, bacterial
decomposition of organic matters

Lead poisoning

(5)O3
(6)Pb
(7)VOCs

processes,

burning

Lung diseases, soiling of buildings

smog,

corrosion

of

smog,

monoxide

Health problems, smog

5. Attainment Areas, since it is in compliance, you will be free of charges, fees, and
penalties.

SOLID WASTES AND HAZARDOUS WASTES

6. Recycle requires the existence of a reliable nearby market for the recovered material.
Reuse - use again or more than once.
Reclaim - retrieve or recover.
Benefits:
Money saving e.g. every bit of recycling counts when the economy does not have to
pay for planting more forests, mining iron ore or purchasing fossil fuels from other
countries.
Saves energy e.g. when you recycle aluminum cans, you can save 95% of the energy
required to produce those cans from raw materials, energy saved from recycling one
glass bottle is enough to light a light bulb for four hours.
7. A manifesto is a published verbal declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the
issuer, be it an individual, group, political party or government.
Components: Sorting, composting, energy from waste, landfilling
Manifesto in hazardous waste paradigm is protection of public health and the
environment.
8. Collection systems
1. Ease & frequency of pickup
2. Collection equipment

packer trucks (2 loads / day /truck or possibly 3)

Container trucks
delivers a large empty storage container to an institution or commercial operation &
picks up a full one, w/c is then hauled to disposal
3. Transfer stations
4. Rail haul
5. Route selection
Separation & Processing of MSW
Separation of recyclable materials at the source -built a centralized material recovery
facilities (MRFs)
Processing at the source
1. Grinders (home garbage grinders- garbarators)
2. Compactors (reduce volume by 70% but can handle only certain wastes)
3. Composters (collection of organic material in a pile & occasionally adding water &
stirring to promote microbial decomposition)
Composting
Municipal composting since 20% of material going to landfills is yard waste
Marketable compost should be:
Of consistent size
Free of glass, plastic and metals
Free of objectionable odors
Landfilling
Modern sanitary landfill
A clay-lined depression in which each days deposit of fresh garbage is covered
with a layer of soil
Selection is based on ground water geology, soil type, and sensitivity to local
citizens concerns.
Have bottom layers to trap contaminant-laden water (leachate) leaking through
the buried trash
Leachate is collected and treated.