HOW

TO BE A
RASHTRAPATI
GUIDE

A TEACHING MANUAL
BY DEVISHI SARDA
MODERN HIGH SCHOOL GUIDE COMPANY

BACKGROUND

Recognizing the need for proper teaching aids in order to make the life-skills
taught by guiding easily available to everyone, I decided to create a series of
manuals and other aids to help spread the knowledge of guiding. This will not only
help other guides but also anyone else who wants to acquire these valuable skills.
The teaching aids are in the form of booklets and videos, which will train a guide
from the very beginning until she becomes a Rashtrapati guide.
When I was being trained to be a guide, I had always wished that I had some
guidelines to refer to or some videos to watch which would help me understand
what was being taught better. This was the primary reason I decided to document
my six years of experience as a Girl Guide into a manual for sister guides who
might look for the same means and might have the same questions as I did.
None of this wouldve been possible without my guide captains in school who have
guided me on every step along the way. Without their guidance and training, I
wouldnt have been able to become a Rashtrapati Guide.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to all my sister guides in school. Guiding
wouldnt have been the experience that it has been for me without their
contribution.
For any clarifications, further information comments or suggestions about the
manual please contact me at devishisarda@hotmail.com

Devishi Sarda
Rashtrapati (Presidents) Award Guide
Modern High School Guide Company
South Calcutta District
West Bengal
Bharat Scouts and Guides

INDEX

SL.
NO.
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

SUBJECTS
BRIEF LIFE STORY OF LORD AND LADY B.P.
ORIGIN OF GUIDING

WHERE DOES OUR NAME COME FROM

AIMS

WHO CAN BECOME A GIRL GUIDE

PRAVESH

PRATHAN SOPAN

DWITIYA SOPAN

TRITIYA SOPAN

RAJYA PURASKAR

RASHTRAPATI GUIDE

3

PAGE
NO.
4
5
6
7
8
9
18
35
54
75
76

1. BRIEF LIFE STORY OF LORD &

LADY BADEN POWELL

The founder of our movement, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell was born in London, England on 22nd
February, 1857. As a child Baden Powell was very adventurous. His father died when Baden Powell was just
about three years old, leaving behind his mother with seven children all under the age of fourteen years. B.P.
completed his graduation from Charterhouse School in London. At the age of nineteen he got a chance to go
to India as a Sub-Lieutenant. Later he was selected as the Captain of the Military Service at the age of twenty-
six. In 1887 at the age of thirty B.P. was asked to go to Africa to ght against the Zulus of the Ashanti Tribe.
The natives feared him so much that they called him IMPEESA meaning The wolf that never sleeps. In 1899
B.P. had risen to the post of Colonel and then nally to Major General.
After his long journey in the Military Service B.P returned to England from South Africa in 1901, and wrote a
book, Aids to Scouting, which was later used as a textbook in boy schools. Slowly and carefully B.P.
developed the idea of Scouting. He collected a group of twenty boys and took them to the Brownsea Island in
the English Channel for a camp. This was the rst experimental camp in l907 and it was great success. B.P. was
a great artist and a thinker ahead of his time. In 1908 he brought out in six fortnightly parts, his handbook for
training called, Scouting for Boys which was also illustrated by him. Scouting began to grow and many scout
troops started mushrooming up all over the world. In 1909, Scouts had their first rally at Crystal Palace where
a few girls also marched in uninvited, dressed in their brothers uniforms and demanded to be inspected by
B.P. Until then B.P. did not have the idea of having any sort of movement for the girls, and told them that this
movement was not meant for them. He could not have allowed them to be scouts as that would have
scandalized the parents and disgusted the boys. So he organized them into a sister movement and called
them Girl Guides and asked his sister, Agnes Powell to take them as he thought that Agnes being a woman
would be able to understand the psychology of the girls much better. Later Agnes wrote a book, How Girls
Can Help The Empire adapted from Scouting for Boys. Lord B.P. got married to Olave St. Clare Soames in
1912. Olave was born on 22nd February 1889.
In 1911 Girl Guiding came to India for the first time, and it was started by Dr. Cullen in Jabalpur. The Indian
girls were not allowed to join the group as it was meant only for the British and Anglo-Indian girls. The first
Guide Company for Indian Girls was started in Pune in 1916.
In 1918 Lady Olave Baden Powell became the Chief Guide On 6th August 1920, Lord B.P. was proclaimed the
World Chief Scout. It was the same year that the first International Conference was held. In 1930, the World
Guide Flag was adopted and Lady B.P. was made the World Chief Guide. When B.P. turned eighty he
returned to his beloved Africa with his wife. Four years later, B.P. died on 8th January 1941. The last service
that he rendered to our movement was his book, Girl Guiding written in 1918.
On 7th November 1950 the Bharat Scouts and Guides was formed and in 1951 the Girl Guides Association
merged with Bharat Scouts and Guides. India is the only country where Scouts and Guides have a common
ag.
Lady B.P. served the movement till she was eighty-eight when she breathed her last in 1977, 25th June.
22nd February is celebrated as Thinking Day all over the world as it represents the joint birthday of Lord and
Lady Baden Powell.

2. ORIGIN OF GUIDING

Lord Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell (1857-1941) conducted an experimental camp in 1907
with 20 boys on Brown Sea Island in England to test his ideas of Scouting. After the great success of this
camp, Lord B.P. was very encouraged. He wrote and published a book Scouting for Boys in 1908 in which he
gave a programme of ideas and activities for boys - all in the form of Yarns or stories.
Scouting for Boys, however was not conned exclusively to boys. Their sisters read the book with equal
interest. lt opened up new and appealing vistas to these young female Edwardians, a vision of a life where
women could face the world on equal terms with men, where they would be trained and equipped to cope
with whatever emergencies might arise. The idea chimed in perfect tune with the growing demand of
womens emancipation from suffering. There was nothing at all for girls to do in the Edwardian era except
wait to be married. They had no freedom, nor training for life, and little education. Needle work, painting and
music were almost the only activities considered suitable for young ladies. Now, after centuries as second-
class citizens, women were beginning to dream of freedom and equality with men.
Scouting for Boys turned that dream into reality for at least a few girls in 1908.
Soon there were little groups of unofcial Girl Guides started with such unsuitable Patrol names as Wild
Cats or Nighthawk. In an effort to copy the Scouts, they marched around, festooned with water bottles and
whistles, their haversacks bulging with bandages, hoping to nd some injured person on whom they could
practice their newly acquired skills.
When the Scouts held their rst big rally at the Crystal Palace in 1909 the eleven Girl Scouts turned up
and demanded to be inspected by Baden Powell. He had to do something about them. He could not
allow them to be Scouts. That would have scandalized the parents and disgusted the boys. So he decided to
organize them into a sister movement which he called Girls Scouts and he asked his sister to run it. Agnes
wrote a handbook adapted from Scouting For Boys, which came out under the title of How Girls Can Help the
Empire.
The best account of Guide origin however will be found in what Lord Baden Powell once said to a group of
Guiders As a matter of fact, I did not think of Girl Scouts, I never really intended the movement to be for
girls, and I did not think they really cared for Scouting or would stick to it. It was the girls who began it
themselves. They came, without being invited, to the rst rally of Boy Scouts which I held at the Crystal Palace
in 1909- queer, wild sort of people with their sleeves rolled up and their stockings rolled down, and bristling
with equipment. The Scout movement was so new and growing so fast at the time that we told them, as
politely as we could, that the game was not for them and they must run away and play something else. They
seemed to be rather determined but I was determined too. They must have a movement of their own. In
1912, Lord B.P. married Miss Olave St. Clare Soames. Later Lord B.P.s wife, Olave Baden Powell became
Chief Guide in I918 and the World Chief Guide in 1930.
B.P. rendered one last service to the Girl Guide Movement. In February 1918 he published Girl Guiding, a
book setting a detailed program designed to meet the needs and aspirations of girls from nine to seventeen
years of age.

3. WHERE DOES OUR NAME COME

FROM?


The Guides are a famous military corps belonging to the Frontier Force, and their story is full of the most
stirring tales. The regiment was raised more than a hundred years ago by an ofcer of the East India Company,
and as it was intended for the most strenuous service, only the bravest and strongest of the border tribesmen
were recruited in its ranks. These men were trained for ghting under any conditions on foot-on horseback
in the Mountains or on the plains. They had to make roads, if they were too deep or build bridges across the
rivers. They had to be ready to sacrice their lives, so that besides protection of the Frontier Force, India might
live free from the fear of the Northern raiders. In short, they were Pioneers.
A Guide learns to live in the open as the Mughal women used to live, when they followed the Horde in Central
Asia. In camp she learns to use her eyes and so to discover the secrets of the woods and elds. She listens
to the ancient tales of saints and warriors till they make her long to nd adventure for herself. For the Guide
friendliness and happiness will become a habit, as she trains herself to be able to do her duty to
her country and in her home. To this end, she learns to cook and sew, to tend the sick and nurse the child, and
to keep healthy. She learns all about her town and her country, about the people who live in it and the way it
is governed so that she may know how best to serve them. She explores the elds of knowledge, discovers
new ways of enjoying herself, and in nding these fresh pleasures she discovers the happiness and joy of
giving her service freely to others.

4. AIMS

In the words of the Chief Scout the aim of Girl Guiding is character development towards happy citizenship,
through natural rather than articial means.

Character is largely a matter of environment and training and later on of experience. As a rule the Mothers
inuence gives the rst impetus to character but a mother cannot give what she herself does not possess
unless she possesses character of a high quality to develop it in her children.

CHARACTER means the possession of self-reliance, self discipline, cheerfulness, consideration for others and
a sense of duty and of patriotism. But other things besides character are needed to make a good citizen and a
guide is therefore trained in handicrafts, health rules and in service.

HANDICRAFTS appeal to all young people, for everyone has the desire to create new things. We, in the
Guide Movement, have ample opportunities to help our Guides to develop talent and skill in using their
ngers and to enjoy the doing of it.

HEALTH Till date we nd an appalling death rate among our women and children. Lack of nourishment, life
under poor and unclean conditions, the neglect of simple remedies and of proper treatment in case of illness,
all help to bring untold suffering, blindness and disease to the people. This can and must be prevented.
Through the training, Guides can do so much towards improving their own health and spreading health
knowledge amongst others. Thus they can be of real use in building up happier and healthier generations.

SERVICE The word Service conjures up much that is heroic and ne, but it is difcult in daily life to nd the
opportunity for the rendering of great services, and we tend to comfort ourselves with the hope that
occasional assistance to others in such forms as perhaps accidental rst aid, fullls the obligation. But we need
to remember that service is not merely a series of odd jobs but an attitude to life. If we analyze our Promise
and Law carefully we nd that every possible form of service is included and we need not go beyond our
daily-life to nd the opportunity to give gladly.

5. WHO CAN BECOME A GIRL

GUIDE?

(i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Any citizen (Girl) of India.

Complete 10 years but not 18 years.
Bring a letter of permission from her parent/guardian to join Girl Guiding.
Take active interest in her company work.
Attend meetings of the company regularly thus prepare for the Pravesh test.

6. PRAVESH

When you have passed the prescribed tests, you will be enrolled in a special ceremony organized by your
company. You will be given the Member-ship Badge and thus you will become a member of the Worldwide
Movement.

Pass the following/Tests:
1. Story of Guiding
2. Guide Promise and Law
3. Guide/Motto, Sign, Salute and Left hand shake.
4. Good Turn
5. Uniform
6. Flags
7. National Anthem
8. Bharat Scout and Guide Prayer and Flag Song.
9. Attend at least four company meetings.

Note: The Pravesh Badge or the membership badge is a cloth badge of the Bharat Scouts & Guides emblem in
yellow on a green background. It is worn in the middle of the left sleeve of the uniform.

PROMISE AND LAW: THE GUIDE PROMISE

On my honour, I promise that l will do my best:
1. To do my duty to God and my country,
2. To help other people and
3. To obey the Guide Law.

Note: The Word Dharma, may be substituted for the word God if so desired.
The Girl Guide who embraces Buddhism Jainism may substitute the word Dharma in the place God. The three
fold promise is the link by which all the members of the World Guide Movement are bound together. When
you pass your Pravesh Test you are enrolled as a Guide at a special ceremony held by your company. You must
understand its implication, before you take it because as a truthful guide it will be your duty to try your best to
abide by it.

THE GUIDE LAW

A Good Guide Captain will not only personally instruct the guide in the promise and Law, but will
provide examples of practical application of it with her life.
There is one guide law with nine parts. The parts are as follows:

(i)
A Guide is trustworthy.
(ii)
A Guide is loyal.
(iii)
A Guide is a friend to all and a sister to every other Guide.
(iv)
A Guide is Courteous.

(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

A Guide is a friend to animals and loves nature.

A Guide is disciplined and helps protect public property.
A Guide is courageous.
A Guide is thrifty.
A guide is pure in thought, word and deed.

MOTTO AND SIGN

Motto-Be Prepared.
The Guides motto is BE PREPARED. This is to be achieved by being physically strong, mentally awake and
morally straight.

THE SALUTE/GUIDE SIGN:

This is what identies you as a guide all over the world. You
become a Guide making it as you pronounce your promise,
and the three outstretched ngers always remind you of the
three parts of your promise.

You make the Guide sign by raising your right hand to the
shoulder height, palm forward, with three middle ngers
held up and the thumb covering the nail of the small nger.
LEFT HANDSHAKE
A Guide greets another member of the Movement by shaking
hands with left hand while giving the Guide sign
using her right hand. It is a form of greeting, which has been
adopted throughout the Scout/Guide World.
The Founder borrowed this idea from the Ashanti Tribes of
Africa. When once B.P. wanted to shake hands with an
Ashanti Chieftain, the Chieftain offered him his left hand,
saying that in his tribe the bravest of the brave offers his left
hand to a friend, after laying down his defensive shield, thus
indicating his defenselessness and his trust in his friend.
Baden Powell wanted his Scouts and YOU to leave aside all
defensive postures and be open to welcome others, specially
brother Scouts and sister Guides.

STORY OF A GOOD TURN

How good must a good turn be to be good?
The answer is best given by telling you the story of how Scouting came to America. It shows that it isnt the
size of the good turn that counts. What is important is the spirit with which a scout/guide does a Good Turn.
One day, in 1909, in London England, an American visitor, William D. Boyce, lost his way in the dense fog.

He stopped under a street lamp and tried to gure out where he was. A boy approached him and asked if
he could be of help. You certainly can, said Boyce. He told the boy that he wanted to nd a certain

10

business ofce in the city. Ill take you there", said the boy. When they got to the destination Mr. Boyce
reached into the pocket for a tip. But the boy stopped him; No. Thank you, Sir. I am a scout. I wont take
anything for helping. A Scout? What might that be? asked Boyce. The boy told the American about himself
and his brother scouts. Boyce became very interested. After nishing his errand, he had the boy take him to
the British Scouting Ofce. At the office, Boyce met Lord Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell, the famous
British General who had founded the Scouting movement in Great Britain. Boyce was so impressed with what
he learned that he decided to bring Scouting home with him.
A good turn is performance of some extra service or thoughtful act, something more than ordinary courtesy
or kindness calls for. This practice of doing good turns is important to a guide. A guide should do a good turn
to others quietly without expectation of appreciation or reward. On the other hand, she should feel
privileged when she gets the chance of being useful to others.

UNIFORM:

Guide Uniform: A Guide shall wear uniform as given below:

Compulsory:

(i)
An Overall: Deep sky blue overall made of plain non-transparent material with two top patch
pockets and two side pockets from under side, half sleeves 8 cm. above the elbow with turned up
and stitched down cuffs 4cm wide and open sports collar with epaulettes on both shoulders. The
overall shall not be tight-tted.

OR

(ii)
Salwar, Kameez and Dupatta: Deep sky blue salwar, light blue Kameez of plain non transparent
material. The length of the Kameez shall be upto the knees. The Kameez shall have two patch
pockets, two side pockets and half sleeves 8 cm, above the elbow with turned up and stitched
down cuffs 4 cm. wide and open sports collar with epaulettes on both shoulders. The salwar and
Kameez shall not be tight-tted. The Dupatta shall be deep sky blue in colour made of plain non
transparent material.

(i)
Belt: Brown nylex belt with the ofcial brass buckle of the Bharat Scouts & Guides supplied by the
National Association.

(ii)
Scarf: A scarf of the group colour and pattern other than green, purple and yellow as approved by
the Local or District Association shall be worn round the neck and over the collar and epaulettes
with the group woggle. The shape of the scarf shall be triangular with a base and two sides, each of
the two sides shall have a minimum length of 70 cm and a maximum of 80cm.

(iii)
Socks: White socks.

(iv)
Footwear: Black leather or Black canvas closed shoes.

(v)
Hair Ribbon: Black plain ribbon or black plain hair band (without any design).

11

(vi)

Membership Badge: A cloth badge with green background, with Fleur-de-lis in yellow
superimposed by the Trefoil with Ashoka Chakra also in yellow in the centre shall be worn in the
middle of the left sleeve.

(vii)

World Badge: This is to be worn in middle of right sleeve.

(viii)

Shoulder Badge: A shoulder badge of 6 cm to 8 cm. length and 1.5 width white background and
serial number and the name of the group in red letters shall be worn on the both shoulders
below the seam.

(ix)

Bharat Scout/Guide Strip: This strip is to be worn above the right pocket.

(x)

Patrol Emblem: Every Guide shall wear a patrol emblem. lt shall be embroidered on black
background with green border, 4 cm. in diameter. lt shall be worn above the left pocket.

(xi)

Cardigan: When worn it shall be black without any design.

(xii)

Sash: Dark blue sash, with 10 cm width. All prociency badges shall neatly be stitched on the Sash.

LEADERS ARMLET:
A patrol leader wears two stripes green in colour and 1 .5 cm wide stitched on the cuff of the left sleeve,
each l cm apart.
A patrol second wears only one green armlet stitched on the cuff of the left sleeve.
A Company leader wears three green armlets stitched 1 cm apart on the cuff of the left sleeves.

THE NATIONAL FLAG

12

Our National Flag is a tri-colour rectangular panel made up of three rectangular panels with equal width. The
ratio of length to breadth is 3 :2. The colour of the top panel is saffron (Kesari) and that of the bottom panel
is green. The middle panel is white having in the center the design of the Ashoka Chakra in navy blue. The
chakra should preferably be screen printed on both sides of the ag or otherwise printed stencil or suitably
embroidered on both sides in all cases. Saffron (Kesari) denotes renunciation, courage and sacrices. The
white in the center denotes purity, the path of truth and peace to guide our conduct. The green shows
prosperity, faith and chivalry. Ashoka chakra in the center of the white panel is the Dharma Chakra of
Emperor of Ashoka, and this is the emblem of the Flag. This was the interpretation given in I 947 when the
ag was adopted. The National Flag shall be used only on such occasions and in such manner as in accordance
with the rules made by the Government.

THE BHARAT SCOUTS AND GUIDES FLAG

The Bharat Scouts & Guides Flag shall be in deep sky blue colour. The emblem in yellow colour shall be in the
centre of the Flag with Ashoka Chakra in blue colour. The size of the Association Flag shall be 180 cms in
length and 120 cms in width. The Emblem shall be 45 cms by 30 cms.
The size of the Group Flag shall be 120 cms in length and 80 cms in width with proportionate emblem. The
name of the group shall be written in yellow colour in a straight line below the emblem. The Fleur-de-lis is
the International Emblem of Scouting. The Trefoil of Guides superimposed on the Fleur-de-lis is the
International Emblem of Guiding and both stand for the combined organization of the Bharat Scouts and
Guides Ashoka Chakra is meant to emphasize the Indian character of the movement.

13

THE WORLD GUIDE FLAG

The World Guide Flag is the symbol of the unity of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts of the world. When we salute
it we honour the Movement to which we belong. As our Movement grew, we realized that we should have a
flag of our own. All the countries who were members of the World Association were asked to submit a design,
and at the World, WAGGGS, Conference which took place at Fox lease in 1930, the design of Miss Kari Aas,
Chief Guide of Norway was chosen for our World Guide Flag. This design has now been changed since 1991.
The ratio of the length to breadth of the World Flag should be the same as our Association. The World Flag is
used at the International Camps & Conference and can also be used at enrolment ceremonies. The Flag is
own at the World Centres everyday. We must do our best to keep the Guide Flag Flying throughout the
World and spread our aims and ideals wherever we go.

THE WORLD TREFOIL AND ITS MEANING

This is the new World Trefoil of our World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. (WAGGGS). Each element
of the World Trefoil has a specic meaning.

The three leaves represent the three-fold promise as originally laid down by the Founder.
The ame represents ame of the love of humanity.
The vein pointing upwards represents the compass needle pointing the way.
The two stars represent the Promise and Law.
The outer circle represents our worldwide Association.
The golden yellow Trefoil on a bright blue background represents the sun in the sky shining over the
Children of the World.

Our new World Trefoil has been designed to be strong and highly distinctive. The new design retains all the
traditional meanings of each element of our Trefoil and includes a circle to represent our worldwide
association.

14

THE WORLD GUIDE FLAG 1991 ONWARDS

The World Guide Flag is a rectangular bright blue coloured body with the new Trefoil on the top hoist corner
of the ag in golden yellow. The three yellow squares at the lower y end corner represent our three-fold
promise. Below the yellow blocks the white block having shape of reversed L at the lower y end comer
shows our commitment to Peace.

PARTS OF THE FLAG

SOME DEFINITIONS


1. FLAG MAST: The pole on which the ag is unfurled.

2. HALYARD: The rope, which hauls the Flag up or down.

3. TOGGLE: A short wooden piece attached to the top end of stay rope at the hoist, which couples with
the loop in the halyard for the correct hoisting of the ag.

4. HEM OR SEAM: The folded and sewn portion of the Flags hoist portion through which the stay rope
passes.

5. HOIST END: The portion of the Flag, which is nearest to the Flag Pole. The Flag is hoisted up or lowered
by it.

6. FLYING END: The Portion of the Flag that is away from the pole. It is actually this portion, we see that
ies.

7. CLEAT: A short piece of wood or metal xed to the flagpole at waist level to which the Halyard is tied.

15

8. STAY ROPE: The rope which passes through the seam.

These are the things you need to know if you want to be a Guide. They are simple just as all great things are
simple. But you will agree they are not light matters.

NATIONAL ANTHEM

Written By- Rabindranath Tagore

Duration: 52 seconds
Jana-Gan-Mana-Adhinayaka,
Jaya He
Bharata-Bhagya-Vidhata
Punjab-Sindhu-Gujarata-Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchhala-JaladthaTaranga
Tava Subha Name Jage
Tava Subha Ashisa Mage
Gahe Tava Jaya Gatha.
Jana-Gana-Mangala Dayaka, Jaya He
Bharata-Bhagya-Vidhata,
Jaya He, Jaya He, Jaya He,
Jaya, Jaya, Jaya, Jaya He

PRAYER SONG

Written By- Veer Dev Veer

Duration: 90 seconds
Daya kar daan bhakti ka
Hame parmatama dena
Daya karna hamari atma main
Shudhta dena

Hamare dhyan mein aao
Praphu aankho mein bas jao
Andhere dil mein aakar ke
Param jyoti jaga dena

Baha do prem ki ganga
Dilo mein prem ka sagar
Hame apas mein miljul kar
Prabhu rahna sikha dena

Hamara karma ho seva
Hamara dharma ho seva
Sada eemaan ho seva
Va sevak char bana dena

16

Vatan ke vaste jeena

Vatan ke vaste marna
Vatan per jaan fida karna
Prabhu hamko sikha dena

Daya kar daan bhakti ka
Hame parmatama dena
Daya karna hamari atma main
Shudhta dena

FLAG SONG

Written By- Shri Daya Shankar Bhat

Duration: 45 seconds
Bharat Scout Guide Jhanda
Ooncha Sada Rahega
Ooncha Sada Rahega Jhanda
Ooncha Sada Rahega

Neela Rang Gagan Sa Vistrit
Brathru Bhave Failata
Tridal Kamal nith teen
Pratigyavon ki yaad dilata.

Aur Chakra Kahta hai Pratipal
Aagey Kadam Badega,
Ooncha Sada Rahega Jhanda.
Ooncha Sada Rahega

Bharat Scout Guide Jhanda
Ooncha Sada Rahega

WORLD SONG:

Our way is clear as we march on

And see; Our Flag on high
Is never furled throughout the World
For hope shall never die;
We must unite for what is right
In friendship, true and strong
Until the Earth in its rebirth
Shall sing our song,
Shall sing our song

17

7. PRATHAM SOPAN

TESTS FOR PRATHAM SOPAN
1. Learn about your Patrol, its Flag, Yell or Song and Corner.
2. Know general rules of health, practice BP Six Exercises or six asans or Surya Namaskar.
3. Whip the ends of a Rope.
4. Learn woodcraft signs and follow a track.
5. Tie and show uses of Reef Knot, Sheet Bend, Clove Hitch, Sheep Shank and Round turn and two half
hitches, Bowline and shermans knot.
6. Learn and practice hand and whistle signals.
7. Practice orderly movements and simple drill for smartness
8. Know the contents of the First Aid Box. Demonstrate the use-of Roller Bandages and triangular
bandages and triangular Suspension Sling. Render First Aid for cuts and scratches.
9. Participate in two Patrol/Company outdoor meetings or Patrol/Company day hike.
10. Make a gadget or a handicraft useful at home.
11. Undertake household responsibility like cooking, water storage, and cleanliness with the help of your
parents for a week.
12. Participate in any two of the following activities.

Undertake a nature study project in consultation with your Patrol Leader.
Discuss with your Guide Captain and render same service involving any one of the points of Guide Law
and submit a report to your Guide Captain within a week.
Visit a Village Panchayat samity/ Block Development office and learn about the services rendered by
one such public organization and submit a report to your Guide Captain within 10 days.
13. Serve as a Pravesh Guide at least for six months.

Note:
1. The Pratham Sopan Badge is a scroll with the word Tayyar in Devnagri script.
2. It is worn below Pravesh (Membership) badge.

KNOWLEDGE OF PATROL AND ITS SYSTEM

Denition of Patrol
It is a method of training in leadership and in discipline by which guides are put into permanent teams under
their own leaders. It is a system of learning by doing and it can show concrete principles working in practice.

Each Patrol shall bear the name of a ower chosen in consultation with the Patrol-in-Council and every
member of the Patrol shall wear the emblem of the patrol on the uniform.

Patrol Leader
There shall be a Patrol Leader for each Patrol. Patrol leader is a guide appointed (as a Patrol Leader) by the
Guide Captain in consultation with the Court of Honour and the concerned Patrol to lead a Patrol of Guides.
She shall wear the Guide Uniform and in addition two green armlets each 1.5 cm. wide stitched over the cuff
of the left sleeve 1 cm. apart.

18

Patrol Second
There shall be a Second for each Patrol. A Second is a Guide selected by the Patrol Leader with the approval of
the Guide Captain and the Court of Honour; she shall assist the Patrol Leader and take her place in her
absence. She shall wear the Guide Uniform and in addition one green armlet 1.5 cm. wide stitched over the
cuff of the left sleeve l cm above the lower edge.

Patrol System
The Patrol system is not one method but it is the only method in which Scouting and Guiding should be carried
out. The patrol system may be adopted and utilized in a greater or in a lesser degree, but the essential thing is
that there should be small permanent groups, within the company, each under the responsible charge of a
Guide Captain, and that such groups should be organized as Guide Patrols.

Court of Honour
There shall be a Court of Honour for every Company, the Court of Honour shall consist of the Company Leader
and Patrol Leaders; the seconds may be admitted as members of the Court of Honour, except when matters of
discipline are dealt with. The company Leader or one of the Patrol Leaders elected shall function as the
Chairman and one of the members elected shall function as Secretary. The Court of Honour shall plan
activities and deal with the internal matters of the Company and also matters of nance and discipline. The
Guide Captain and the Assistant Guide Captain shall act as advisers.

Patrol -in- Council
There shall be a Patrol-in Council for every patrol. The patrol-in-Council shall consist of the members of the
patrol; the Patrol leader shall be the Chairman; the Patrol-in-Council shall deal with all affairs of the Patrol.

Patrol Corner
Generally Patrol Corner means two things. One is the time given to Patrol activities during the Company
meetings. The other one, means the physical place that is allotted to the patrol in the meeting place. It could
be temporary or permanent. The patrol corner must reect the spirit of the patrol. You must have a Patrol
progress chart to show the progress of each member, a notice board which displays local, national and
international Guide news that is important. Essential books and equipment of games and activities do form
part of the Patrol corners.

Patrol Flag
Each patrol has a ag that displays the emblem of the patrol. The Patrol ag is triangular in shape, white in
colour with emblem in red colour. The length of the base is 20 cm and sides 30 cms each. The best type of ag
is the one which has been designed and made by the patrol itself.

Patrol Song
Make up a short catchy song with your patrol. It will not only adjust to your patrol activities, but bring all of
you closer still and increase the patrol spirit.

Company Leader
One of the Patrol Leaders, not less than 15 years of age, and not less than 6 months services as a Patrol
Leader, preferably with Dwitiya Sopan Badge may be appointed as Company Leader by the Guide Captain
in consultation with the Court of Honour. She shall wear the Guide Uniform and in addition three green
armlets each 1.5 cm wide stitched over the cuff of the left sleeve each l cm. apart. The company Leader shall
assist the Guide Captain and the Assistant Guide captain as directed. She shall wear Company Leaders Badge

19

with its base 4 cm. above the left pocket of the overall/blouse at the same place on the Dupatta/above the
pocket.

HEALTH RULES

KNOW B.P.S general rules of Health, learn six exercises:

(i) Fresh air and Sun light (ii) Exercise (iii) Cleanliness (iv) Clothing (v) Food and (vi) Sleep/Rest


HEALTH IS WEALTH
To take good care of your health is commonsense; to safeguard the health of others is good citizenship. The
girl who has good health is fortunate and is an asset not only to herself but to the family, to the community
and to the nation she belongs.

The following are the six health rules viz. Fresh Air and Sunlight; Exercise; Cleanliness; Clothing; Food and Rest.
These rules are automatically observed if you pick right from your childhood and use your commonsense.

Fresh Air
It is essential to breathe fresh air. Good health depends on good blood and to keep the blood wholesome, it
must be puried by the oxygen which is contained in fresh air and which is taken into our lungs as we breathe
in. The supply of fresh air and oxygen should be constantly renewed. Always breathe through the nose, as it
acts as lter and prevents impurities from reaching the lungs. Keep the windows open at night when you
sleep.

Sunlight
Again just as green leaves, if taken away from sunlight will become yellow, so too our bodies, if deprived of
the sun will not be healthy, and we shall not be able to withstand disease. There are health preserving
properties in the sunshine and it is essential for every one to remain in it for sometime every day, especially in
the morning. Remember, fresh air and sunlight are essential to life.

Cleanliness
This is a very important thing because it covers such a wide subject cleanliness of body, surroundings and
mind all contribute to a healthy body and healthy outlook on life.

Cleanliness of Body
We must be quite sure that the skin is kept clean for that is one way we get rid of waste products. Have a bath
everyday, or if not possible roll down daily with a piece of cloth, and water. This is necessary to keep the pores
of the skin open and in good working order.
Ears and nger nails must be cleaned. Hair should be well combed and washed regularly with soap or soap
nut. Teeth must be brushed in the morning and also at night when you retire. It is a good habit to gargle with
tepid hot water and a pinch of salt regularly before you go to bed.

Cleanliness of Surrounding
The house must be free from all dust and dirt as germs thrive in dusty corners. Let in as much light and
sunshine and fresh air as possible. All refuse should be collected in one place and be deposited in a closed
bin for the conservancy men from the local municipality to collect them. If you happen to live in a place where
there is no conservancy system you should throw the collected rubbish in a pit dug at convenient place and

20

arrange to burn it everyday. All such places where refuse is collected, are breeding ground for ies,
mosquitoes and other germs carrying diseases. It is therefore, necessary not to let them rest on an open place.
If there is such open place, sprinkle kerosene oil or D.D.T. which kill these germs.

Cleanliness of Mind
Our minds are the centres of our thoughts from where our actions spring. Beauty is all around us if we use our
eyes to see and appreciate. Let us only allow our minds to dwell on beautiful things. Let us read good
literature, so that our minds may learn to see the possible good in everyone. Clean minds thinking clean
thoughts show on the face. So try to have a beautiful one. Remember that we never know the background
of others and so should be slow to criticize. Prettiness is only skin deep, beauty comes from within.

Exercise
We exercise ourselves to keep us t. One of the ways to keep fit is keeping up the habit of taking exercise
regularly every day. Our bodies are very intricate pieces of machinery governed by certain laws. They need
exercise for keeping them is good order. In order to guard against the danger to our health, regular physical
exercise is a must. While taking exercise a certain plan must be allowed. So as to bring about systematic
circulation of blood in all our muscles.

To begin with, we should start with a few head movements, then do arm, leg and trunk exercise and
breathing.

Six Exercises given in Scouting for Boys
The Six exercises which the Chief Scout prescribed are related to heart, lungs, skin, stomach, bowels and
muscles of the body. The systematic practice will help you.
(i)
to keep parts of the body which will build up your esh, bone and muscle;
(ii)
to make your lungs strong in order to provide the blood with fresh air,
(iii)
to make your skin perspire to get rid of the dirt of the body.
(iv)
to make the stomach work to feed the body.
(v)
to make the bowels active to remove the remains of food from the body.
(vi)
to work each muscle of the body to help circulation of the blood and thus increase your strength.

B.P.S SIX EXERCISE
1. For Head: Rub the head and face, rmly over several times with the palms and ngers of both hands.
Thumb the muscles of the neck and throat.

2. For Chest: From upright position bend to the front, arms stretched downwards, join back of the hands
together in front of the knees, breathe out.
Raise the hands gradually over the head and lean back as far as possible, drawing a deep breath through the
nose as you do. Lower the arms gradually to the sides, breathing out the word "Thanks" (to God) through the
mouth. Come back to position. Repeat 12 times.

3. For Stomach: Standing upright, stretch out both arms, ngers extended, straight to the front. Then slowly
swing round to the right from the hips without moving the feet and point the right arms as far round behind
you as you can keeping both arms level with or a little higher than the shoulders. Then after a pause swing
slowly round as far as you can do, to the left. Repeat 12 times.

21

4. For trunk: "Cone Exercise" standing at the "Alert" raise both hands as high as possible over the head and
link ngers. Lean backwards then, sway the aims very slowly round in the direction of a cone, so that the
hands make a wide circle above and around the body, the body turning rom the hips and leaning over to one
side, then to the front, then to the other side, and then back. This is to exercise the muscle of the waist and
stomach. Repeat six times to either side.

5. For Lower Body and Back of Legs: Stand with feet slightly apart. Place your hands behind your neck. Look
up at the sky leaning back as far as you can, then raise both hands upwards as far as possible, while breathing
in. Now start breathing out as you bend slowly forward and downward, knees stiff till you reach your toes with
your nger tips. Then keeping arms and knees straight, gradually raise the body to the rst position, while
breathing in. Repeat 12 times.

6. For Legs, Feet and the toes: Stand at the position of Alert. Put the hands on the hips, stand on tip-toe turn
the knees outwards and bend them slowly till you gradually sink down to a squatting position, keeping the
heels off the ground the whole time. Then gradually raise the body and come to the rst position again.
Repeat 12 times.

CLOTHING
Clothing is primarily a covering for the body. Always keep it clean and mended. A safety-pin and hole reveal a
shabby character. We must not spoil the inside working of our bodies by wearing shoes or sandals of a high
heeled variety simply because they may look elegant. You should wash your clothes regularly and iron them so
that when you wear them you look tidy.

FOOD
Food eaten by us is converted by our body into heat and energy which keeps us alive and give us strength to
work. Thus food provides the material needed for our growth and replenishes the waste inside us whether we
are working or resting. We should eat food which supplies our body with the correct ingredients for sustaining
our system. These essential ingredients are: -
(a) Proteins, (b) Carbohydrates, (c) Fats, (d) Minerals, (e) Vitamins (f) Water

(a) Proteins: It is the chief agent as body builder and body repairer. Body could be supplied with necessary
proteins by eating animal food such as milk, cheese, meat, sh, and egg and vegetable food like wheat also
supply proteins to the body.

(b) Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates in the food, provide you with sustained energy which could be had in
abundance in rice, wheat/our, maize, peas, beans, carrots etc. Too much of carbohydrates in food, may give
rise to atulence. If you have such a tendency the proportion of food containing carbohydrates should be
reduced.

(c) Fat: is necessary in the system for building up reserves for heat and energy. Items of food such as butter,
Ghee, Oil, tream, contain high proportion of fat. One should be careful about the proportion of fat intake.
Excess of it may make you bilious and corpulent.

(d) Minerals: Bones and teeth are partly made of calcium. We also need minerals for our blood. Milk and
green vegetables supply us with necessary minerals for our body.

(e) Vitamins: Vitamins are the important ingredients,which we need for our health and growth. They

22

could be supplied to the body system by taking fresh fruits, butter, milk and vegetables, such as onions,
carrots, turnips etc. These contain substantial qualities of vitamins.

(f) Water: In order to keep the inside body clean and healthy it is essential to be regular in habits and to
drink plenty of water everyday. Food should never be cooked with a lot of ghee or oil. Besides, every day a
certain amount of raw vegetables in the form of salad should be taken. Food which is the source of body
strength could be carrier of all kinds of disease, if it is not kept in hygienic condition or protected from ies or
other germ carrying insects. Fruit is also good for your diet. Yet it could be injurious if you eat it over ripe or
under ripe or exposed cut fruit.

As a guide, you have the opportunity to know about the correct food to be taken, how to grow vegetables,
fruit etc. So you should try to spread your knowledge at home, in school and elsewhere, whenever occasions
arise.

SLEEP AND REST
Lord Baden Powell said Childhood is the time to form a good body, it cannot be changed in adult
life. Rest can be taken in two ways-an hour during day and ...nine hours sleep at night. In childhood rest in
fresh air is absolutely essential to body building. It is impossible to keep healthy unless the body and mind rest
and sleep. The body must have reasonable leisure and that leisure it gets while we are resting or sleeping.
Body doing all the active things which we require of during day, also has to attend to its repair and renewal
which goes on day and night throughout life. Let us all be thrifty, for our bodies are priceless possessions and
good health is the most precious of all gifts.

WHIPPING THE ENDS OF A ROPE

Before you actually start learning to tie knots, it is important to learn how to whip ends of the rope to
prevent them fraying out. Take a piece of twine about foot (l2 inches) long. Lay a loop of the twine along the
rope end. Start winding the twine with one end tightly round the rope until the end of the loop is reached.
Insert the end of the twine into the loop. Pull on the other end of the twine so that the end is drawn back
under the whipping turns. The diagram will show you that it is drawn up half way through. The whipping is
now complete. Cut off the spare twine. The whipping turns must be laid close together not as in the diagram,
where they are shown apart to make the method clear.

WOOD CRAFT SIGNS

Sign is the word used by Scouts and Guides to mean any little detail such as foot prints, broken twigs,
trampled grass, scrap of food, a drop, a drop of blood, a hair and so on. Woodcraft includes besides being able
to see the tracks and other small signs, the power to read their meaning such as which animal was going,
whether he was frightened or not. It helps to nd the 'way in the jungle or desert. Following the trail is one of
the oldest games in the world. Primitive man depended on wild animals for his daily food. If he was not a
tracker he went hungry and must have been very unpopular with his family. Bageas, Gonds, Bhils, and most
forest and gipsy tribes are good trackers and they still use signs and symbols for communicating with each
other in eld and jungle. Tracking signs are a kind of secret language, by means of which we can leave a trail
that can be easily followed by those who come after. In laying trails you can use rocks, twigs, grass, pebbles.
The signs should not be too far apart but help point the way clearly.

23

This road to be followed or l have gone this way (using twigs, grass or stones)

I have gone to right.

I have gone home.

Message hidden ten paces from here in the direction of arrow (Figure indicates number of pace/step)

This road is not to be followed

Example of Patrol Leaders Signature (in this case the Sunower Patrol)

Be careful not to move or destroy a temporary trail or sign unless you are the last person or have been asked
to destroy.

24

KNOTS

Why do we learn to tie knots? Primarily to be able to use them to help ourselves and other people. Knotting is
also a fascinating pastime and the beginning of handicraft be prepared to use the knot you learn and be able
to tie them quickly and accurately with one hand, or blindfold when necessary. Do not let your guides knot on
their own arms and legs.

Twine and thin string, which twist and curl, are useless except for securing parcels. So from the very beginning
learn to tie knots with thick cord, or with half inch four-ply rope which obtainable in any bazar. If each guide
has a rope/about3m. long, and each patrol has a different colour (by the Guides) it will make knot tying easier
and more interesting, especially for sheet bend or shermans knot which are tied with different ropes.

Remember that if a knot is to be of any real use it must always be one which is reliable but which can be easily
undone if necessary. Have you ever watched builders, coolies, fishermen, wood-cutters, and telegraph
linesmen at work and cared to see What knots they use in their trades? As you get more prociency in the
different knots that Guide learn, you can add these trade to knots to the ones you already know.

As a rule the knot is made on the rope itself. A hitch is only half a knot and is one method of securing a rope to
pole or object. A bend is a way of securing one rope to another. The standing part of the rope is always the
long end. Running end is the end of the rope in which we are to tie the knots.

REEF KNOT

This is used for tying together the ends of the same rope. For
example the knot used for tying bandages. It is a good knot for
fastening parcels or the rope round rolls of bedding, and dhobis
use it for tying up the ends of their bundles. It is a at knot; it does
not slip, and is easily untied.

SHEET BEND

This is used for tying two ropes equal or of unequal thickness. Also it
is used for tying a rope to a sheet or for joining ropes to materials
such as straps, sails or cloth. The loop should be made in the sheet.
The short end of the thin rope must be passed under the cross bar
made by the long end, so that when the knot is pulled tight, the
short end is jammed and cannot slip. If only small ropes are available
for hanging up saris to dry, one end of the piece being tied to the
sari and the other is xed to the post.

25

CLOVE HITCH



1. This is used to tie a rope to a spar when normally there is a
steady horizontal pull, e. g. when putting up a dhobi line or roping
in an enclosure, or making a rope stretcher. It should not be used
for tying up an animal because when it goes round the tree or post
the hitch might come undone. Never use both ends of the rope to
tie a clove hitch but work with the short end. Practice making the
knot round a pole or tree rather than round your arm or nger.

2. You should be able to make a clove hitch in the middle of a
rope as well as with the end. Make two separate loops, placed
one over the other and slip over the top end of a pole. This
method is a very quick one for roping a fence. It is also handy to
slip over the toggle end of the Flag for hoisting.

SHEEP SHANK

This knot is useful to shorten a rope when you do not want

to cut it or cannot get at the ends which are xed.
Therefore when you practice making it, do not use the ends
of the rope but make half hitches, at any convenient
distance away from each end. This is also useful to take the
strain of any weak point of rope. It may be used in the
home to shorten an electric lamp cord that is hanging too
low.

26

ROUND TURN TWO HALF HITCHES

This knot is also used to attach a rope to a pole or tree. It is
safe, no matter what direction the pull comes so it is
suitable for tying up a boat or an animal. Make sure that
the two half hitches are both made in the same direction
i.e. with the short end going over the standing part rst.
This knot does not easily jam for the turn round the pole
takes the strain while the hitches are being completed, and
it is the most useful knot for towing a broken down car.

BOWLINE

This is used to get a permanent non-slippery loop at the end
of rope. This knot makes a loop that will not slip and is
therefore useful for rescue work. It may be made at one end
of a life line and thrown out over the water to revive
drowning person or it may be fastened round anyone who
has to be let down from a height e.g. from a burning house
or into a well. It can be used as a lead for a collarless dog
and is especially useful for tying up animals. When required
for lowering anyone, the loop should be used as a scat. It is
passed over the head and shoulders, and the standing part
in front of the body is grasped with both hands (though the
bowline on a bight is better for this purpose).

FISHERMANS KNOT

This is sometimes used for tying together rope ends chiey

for ropes that are wet or will become wet, or slippery even
when the rope have shrunk. The knot is easily untied by
pulling the two halves apart. The knot has both been pulled
on the long ends. In starting to tie shermans knot the ends
of the two ropes which you are going to join must come
towards each other and slightly overlap. The only time when
you should tie this knot with two ends of the same rope, is
when you are using it as a carrier for a lota or Jar.

27

HAND & WHISTLE SIGNALS WHISTLE SIGNALS

When a Guider wants to call her Guides together, she uses her whistle. All Whistle signals should be obeyed
instantly and at the double. i.e. by running as fast as ever you can to the person who blows the whistle. The
commonest whistle signals are these:

One short blast : Attention

One long blast... .. Halt. Silence. Stay exactly as you are (freeze). Look out for next signal.

A succession of long, slow blasts: Go, " Ill get, further away, scatter

A succession of short, sharp blasts: Come, to Fall in, Come together.

A succession of the alternate short and long blast: Alarm, Look out, Be ready.

Three short blast followed by one long blast, only Leaders come here.

Patrols fall behind their leaders. It is important not to use the whistle more than it necessary.

HAND SIGNALS
Signals are to be use only when necessary. It is important to be able to give silent signals too. These may be
useful when out, trekking or on treasure hunts or at any other time when whistle might betray your
movements to outsiders. You can invent these hand signals for your use. But here are some which are used by
Guides for silent drill all over the world.

Hand waved several times across the face from side to side means as you were.

Hand held straight up over the head with palm facing the company means halt.

28

CLENCHED moved between thigh and shoulder means Run up and down.

Both arms stretched side Ways, palms down means Form a single rank.

Both elbows bent and arms held up with clenched rst means, Fall in, in le.

Arms extended and swung forwards until the tips of the fingers meet in from means Form Circle.

29

Arms bent at the elbow, with hands extended palms facing so that they are parallel means Form two lines
facing each other.

Arms swung from rear to front but not higher than the shoulder means go on.

Arms bent from the elbow, hands with tips of ngers touching, palms downwards beneath chin and then ung
sideways means dismiss.

30

FIRST AID
KNOW THE CONTENTS OF A FIRST AID BOX

Have knowledge of First Aid Box. Every Patrol should be prepared for small accidents which occur on hikes or
in camps or during Company meeting or at home. Hence one of the most important item or equipment which
a Patrol should acquire is a good First Aid outfit. This need not be an elaborate one. In a medium sized box,
essential items as listed below should be kept nicely packed in cans and bottles. All bottles should be properly
labeled and the contents should be distinctly written out for easy identification.
CONTENTS OF A FIRST AID BOX
Two triangular bandages.
A small packet of gauze or plain lint or pieces of sterilized plain cloth for dressing cuts and burns;
Cotton wool 100 gms.
Lint 50 gms.
Roller bandages 1", 4" rolls,
Safety pins.
A pair of scissors,
A needle tweezers,
An antiseptic liquid such as "Dettol", "Savlon",
Mercurochrome solutions
Common Salt,
Roll of adhesive Plaster,
Some common home remedies,


First Aid:
Why should we wish to know something about FIRST AID? We as Guides, may be able to give help of a
practical, enlightened kind to anyone in physical trouble, before a doctor is called and he arrives. Many a time
good First Aid treatment has saved a life. All that is needed besides knowledge is swift, efficient thinking and
that very important gift 'COMMON SENSE'.
The essential foundation of First Aid come into the test for PRATHAM SOPAN i.e. cuts, scratches, burns use of
Roller Bandages and triangular suspension sling. Render first-aid for cuts and scratches.

CUTS AND SCRATCHES

In the treatment of small cuts and scratches, cleanliness is the most important need. Wash with clean water
and soap liberally, dry the wound and cover with clean gauze and bandage. Dettol and other antiseptic
solutions make healing faster by destroying the surrounding unhealthy germs. Band Aid is very convenient for
small wounds.

PATROL OUTDOOR MEETING

31

Each Guide Company consists of three or four patrols of six to eight guides. Each patrol leader is responsible
for the training and discipline of her patrol, but she works under the general supervision of the Guide Captain,
and with the help and advice of the Court of Honour Meeting. Patrols should be given the opportunity to try
out their own out door meetings. The training which they receive is the correct working of the patrol system.
Sharing and taking on responsibilities will give them all the strength they need when the time comes for them
to take their place in public life. At the out door meeting the members experience the sense of belonging and
patrol spirit. Like the company meeting, the patrol meetings also must have variety. Both long and short term
programme would normally start with ideas and requests from Patrol in Council, the same is discussed and
sorted out by Court of Honour.

Patrols plan activity to learn some new skills.
Patrols will have to discover that it needs to do things out side company meeting.
Patrols can grow only through patrol meetings and active participation in the company activities.
Some ideas to try.
Give instructions about wild edible plants and ask to go out and collect them and identify them after
checking with experts.
Arrange for wild food feast.
Tree identification meeting. The right way to collect and sort specimen. Have a competition for best
collection.
Arrange for an expert to give a talk on the dangers of Pollution threatened areas in your
neighbourhood.

HANDICRAFT

Handicrafts open doors to a world of creative satisfaction and rewarding self-expression. Everyone gets
pleasures and satisfaction of creating something unique. It is one of the sign posts of guiding. Handicrafts is
introduced as part of the company meeting programme to help the Guides to develop creative abilities.
The Guide Captain's responsibility is to enthuse, encourage, and to offer opportunities in their way. Guides use
their skills in patrol and company of all kinds using wide variety of materials. Company meetings thus provide,
natural opportunities for creative work and through these the Guides can best expose to arts.

The lists below show how creative ability is added and used in some aspects of company programme.

At Parties-Decoration, flower arrangements, table decoration, preparing invitations.

For Displays-Posters, Handicraft.

Camp Fire Programmes Playacting -Acting, designing costumes, objects preparing log books.

Service And Good Turn- The talent and interest of Guides in this activity can be observed by the Guide Captain
while they are doing Handicraft. The shy Guides will overcome their self-consciousness and develop how to
look and learn and do things either for other. Do not under estimate their abilities.

Provide them a chance to prove what they can do and to learn and grow through doing. It will bring hours of
pleasure.

32

1. Make a small basket to hold flowers, fruits and leaves.
2. Make a decorated wrapping paper using stencils, leaf patterns.
3. Make puppets to suit a camp fire song.
4. Portable camp gadget.
5. Try out knotting and make a useful article out of rope.
6. Prepare moving toys.
7. Types of puppets.
8. Wall hangings.
9. Greetings cards: Thinking Day Greeting card, Birthday card, Get well card, Invitation card (Guide way), and
Thank you card.
10. Add your best ideas for a creative Handicraft.

HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITY
Undertake household responsibility like cooking, water storage, and cleanliness with the help of your parents
for a week.
COOKING

Acquire the knowledge of balanced diet.

Know how to buy Provisions, vegetables and know how to store.
Learn how to cook and prepare meals for your family.
Learn how to measure dry liquids and solid ingredients.
Learn how to use three kinds of cereal products in meals and prepare a dish using one of them.
Plan and prepare a simple, well-balanced dinner for the family.

WATER STORAGE
Water sustains life. So remember the following golden rules and practice them in the daily life.

Water is precious and that it is limited, so avoid wasting it.
Keep the water point and its surroundings absolutely clean.
Prepare washing places little away from the water point.
Always store the water in clean vessel and cover it. Learn the process of filtering, boiling and storing
water and conserve water.
Do not be a water-waster.
Cleanliness at home is very vital. Home is the living place of family. It is a place where you eat, work
and play. It is place where you give and take over and kindness.
Learn and use the things that must be done to keep a home pleasant, clean and safe.
With the help of our parents list cleaning activities. Choose two of the activities and help to do each
week.
Learn how to sort clothes and how they should be laundered.
Learn how to clean refrigerator, how to use a broom, dust the furniture and dish washing.
Clean the kitchen or bathroom floor and learn bed making.

33

UNDER TAKE A NATURE STUDY PROJECT IN CONSULTATION WITH YOUR PATROL

LEADER

Discuss the subject in your patrol in council and then decide who will do what. Few ideas to try:
Know the trees and shrubs of your area.
Know the animals and birds of your area.
Make a bird feeder and a birdbath.
Know and make a survey of your flora and fauna of the following: a pond, a stream, bush, park and
field.
Make a terrarium.
Keep long of bird visitors to your bird feeder.
Collect leaves and make carbon leaf impressions in the logbook.
Find out the medicinal herbs available in your area.
Learn the calls of six wild birds.
Find out the burning properties of ten types of wood.

DISCUSS WITH YOUR GUIDE CAPTAIN AND RENDER SOME SERVICE INVOLVING ANY
ONE OF THE POINTS OF GUIDE LAW AND SUBMIT A REPORT TO YOUR GUIDE
CAPTAIN WITHIN A WEEK


The Guide Law and Promise form the fundamental structure of guide training. They lay the foundation of the
building of her character. The guide law includes all basic codes of good conduct and the basic principles of
almost all the religions. The law indicates what a guide is and what a guide does in a positive form. It serves as
a guideline for the girl to act, in her every day life. Observance of the law and promise in proper manner prove
the way to become a happy, healthy and helpful citizen of the country.
Discuss in detail with the guide captain as and when you find time and measure the progress you have made
in following these principles in your daily life.

VISIT A VILLAGE PANCHAYAT SAMITY/BLOCK DEVELOPMENT OFFICE AND LEARN

ABOUT THE SERVICES RENDERED BY SOME SUCH PUBLIC ORGANISATION AND
SUBMIT A REPORT TO YOUR GUIDE CAPTAIN WITHIN 10 DAYS.

Visit Village Panchayat Office/Block Development Office/ Municipal office and contact the Public Relation
Officers and get all the details of the administration and find out how they are helping community in
implementing various projects like supporting anti-pollution, anti-litter campaign etc.

SERVE AS PRAVESH GUIDE FOR AT LEAST THREE MONTHS.

34

8. DWITIYA SOPAN

TESTS FOR DWITIYA SOPAN BADGE:

1. PIONEERING: Tie and show the use of Timber hitch, Rolling Hitch, Marline/Lever Hitch, figure of eight knot,
Shear, Square and Diagonal Lashings, Demonstrate the uses of four simple Camp tools.

2. FIRE:
(i) Lay and light a wood fire in the open with not more than two match sticks, and clean and light a kerosene/
gas stove.
(ii) Demonstrate any three of the following:
(a) Safety: Precautions with regard to fire.
(b) Bucket - Chain Method of putting out fire.
(c) How to tackle dry grass fire.
(d) Precaution in case of gas leak.

3. Cooking: Cook in the open, two simple dishes enough for two persons and make tea/coffee for one Patrol
over wood fire or stove.

4. Compass:
(i) Demonstrate the practical use of a compass and know the sixteen points.
(ii) Be able to find the North by at least one constellation at nighttime.
(iii) Have knowledge of paces, bearing and sketches.

5. First Aid:
(i) Demonstrate St. John's sling.
(ii) Improvised stretchers
(iii)Throw lifeline for 10 metres.
(iv)Render first aid for burns and scalds, sprains, stings and bleeding from nose.

6. Satisfy your Guide Captain that your behaviour at home and at school is good.

7. Estimation: With the help of improvised apparatus estimate two distances/Width of not more than 100
metres.

8.Participate in a Company Wide Game.

9. Participate in Company/Patrol sustained activity organized by Guide Captain for a month in your
community, making use of Guide Skills.

10. Know and Demonstrate Semaphore or Morse Signaling by any one of the methods, Flag/Disc/ Buzzer.

11. Participate in four prayer meetings in your company.

12. Qualify for one of the following Proficiency Badges, (i) Cook (ii) Debater (iii) Friend to Animals (iv)

35

Gardener (v) Handy woman (vi) Cyclist (vii) Laundress

QUALIFY FOR ONE OF THE FOLLOWING.
13. Complete any two of the following:
(a) Collect information on our Heritage and culture and prepare a log.
(b) Undertake a Development Project in your school with your patrol in consultation with the head of the
institution.
(c) Participate in a social service camp.
(d) Serve in a Community fair or Mela.
(e) Discuss with your parents and neighbours about a pollution problem in your locality and make a report of
it.
14. Serve as Pratham Sopan Guide for at least nine months.

PIONEERING

Pioneers are those who go ahead to open up a way in the jungle or elsewhere for those coming after them.
Knotting is an important part of pioneering. To tie a knot appears to be a simple thing, and yet there are right
ways and wrong ways of doing it. Guides ought to know the right ways. Very often it may happen that lives
depend on a knot being properly tied. Try to read the Niagara falls incident given in Scouting for Boys. The
right kind of knot to tie is one which you can be certain will hold under any amount of strain and which you
can always untie easily if you wish to. Competing Guide should be able to tie the following:

TIMBER HITCH

This is used for tying up bundles of sticks in camp or for
carrying fuel home. It is useful too for dragging any heavy load,
such as truck of bedding roll, from place to place. It is easy to
tie, and readily untied.

ROLLING HITCH

It is used for tying the open side of a sack. It is
a non-slipping hitch for pulling round a spar or
another rope, made as a Clove Hitch but with
a Round Turn put in between two half hitches.

36

MARLINE SPIKE HITCH OR LEVER HITCH

You can make both these hitches in the middle of a rope
without using an end. If nicks are made in the rungs near
their ends the knots will not slide along and will grip
better.

FIGURE OF EIGHT


Lashing used for joining 2 or 3 poles. It is useful for making a
bell stand and also for making a hut.

SHEAR LASHING

This lashing is used to join 2 poles, which can open out like a scissor and
can be used to make the legs of a shelter or a gadget. The bottom ends
of the poles (the butts), should be at the same level otherwise the shear
legs will wobble. The poles should be held parallel to one another. Start
with a clove hitch on one pole, take about 6 to 8 turns (not too tightly),
then put 3 or 4 frapping turns between the poles and end with a clove
hitch on one pole.

37

A similar lashing is used to extend a pole e.g. for
making a flagpole. This lashing is called a Parallel
Lashing. In this lashing, no frapping turns are
taken; the poles are kept overlapping about 12 to
14 inches one on top of the other. 2 lashings are
tied to keep the extended pole firm.

SQUARE LASHING

You will find this lashing particularly useful for

making gadgets in camp, putting up shelters,
screening etc. It is used primarily to join an
upright and a cross pole together. Make a
clove hitch round the upright pole. Lay the
cross pole immediately over the front of the
upright pole at the height where the lashing is
required. Pull the rope tight and then
commence lashing. Take the rope in front of
and over the cross bar, finally round behind
the lower portion of the upright pole. Repeat
this process about three or four times, keeping
each successive turn outside the previous turn
on the cross bar and inside them on the
upright bar. The lashing must be pulled tight
at each turn. Lastly take three frapping turns
i.e. turn over the ropes and between the bars,
to make all taut. Finish with a clove hitch on
the horizontal bar. Carefully hide away the
loose ends.

38

DIAGONAL LASHING




This is for tying together two poles that
tend to spring apart. It is mostly used in
large construction such as bridge and
beacon towers. Begin with a timber hitch
then wrap three times round.
Secondly, wrap three times round, thirdly
frap tightly. Finish off with a clove hitch
round one of the poles.

USE OF SIMPLE CAMPTOOLS: The following tools will be of help to you in a camp i.e. Spade, Hand axe, Saw,
Crowbar, Chopper, Knives, Hammer, Mallet etc. You will have to know the use of these tools, the right way of
handling them and taking care of them. Besides you must also take the safety precautions before, during and
after their use.

FIRE

Lay and light a wood fire in the open with not more than two matchsticks. Fire lighting is one of the arts you
must learn as a Guide for your outdoor activities as you will find it very essential. In order to acquire the skills,
you should know:
(i) How to choose a site;
(ii) Something about the fuel/kindling;
(iii) How to make fire and its methods
(iv) What precautions should be taken while using the fire;
(v) How to put it out.


SITE: We must learn how to lay and light a fire out of doors. The site chosen must be away from buildings and
on a bare patch of ground free from grass or twigs. It may be in the shade of a tree, but not close to trunk or
old stumps, nor even under overhanging branches. It must also be down wind to anything inflammable. When
lighting under a tree, see that there is no beehive in the tree.
If the ground is wet with damp grass, lift a square sod and keep it away from the fire. Make your fire on the
place from where the sod is removed. After wards when you no longer need the fire, remove the ash and
burnt twigs and prepare the ground for putting back the sod and water on it. Thus you will avoid disfiguring
any green patch for making a fire.

FUEL/ KINDLING: We must first collect all the wood which we shall need and pile it neatly, according to size, a
little to windward of the fire, we can then reach it without moving whenever we wish to add fuel to it.

39

You should also acquire a fair knowledge about the trees which may make good, and quick burning fuel. By
and large twigs of thorny Babool, ber, pines. Casuarinas and the like are good for quick fire. You may collect
dry and dead branches from nearby trees for fuel. But never break off green branches and mutilate a tree.
Besides the green branches will give out unpleasant smoke. Some of the trees such as mango or tamarind give
good quick burning wood but while burning give smoke and unpleasant smell. If possible, use of these types of
wood maybe avoided.

METHOD: If the ground is damp as a result of dew or heavy rain, we should make a small platform of fresh
green twigs on which to lay our piecesof dry wood, dried leaves, bark, thorn twigs, pine cones, or anything else
which will be easily ignited, by those one or two matches. Paper and oil must never be used, for fire lighting
test.
The next thing is to put thin twigs, against each other and over the pieces of dry wood. This is the 'Kindling' .As
soon as they have caught, a few thicker sticks can be added in the same way and fire is complete.

How to light a fire: A fuzz or frek stick makes very good kindling. In order to make a fuzz stick you need a piece
of dry wood about twelve inches in length. The stick should be held with your left hand by the pointed end
and the blunt end should be rested against some solid object. Whittle long thin strips from the pointed end to
about half the way of the sticks. The art of preventing the knife from slicing the shaving completely off the
stick consists in letting the knife enter more deeply towards the end of the stroke.
If the completed fuzz stick is made to stand point downward in the pyramid of the punk, it will catch fire
quickly, and make ablaze.
Before lighting the fire the direction of the blowing wind must be taken notice of. Back should be turned
towards the blowing wind and a hole should be made in the punk by bending down, and fire should be set well
down and close to the hole. You should not blow the flame at once. Remember that you are not to use more
than two matchsticks.

PRECAUTION: When the fire is ablaze, you may place your utensils for boiling water or any other cooking
which your guider or your patrol may like to do.
While lighting the fire or cooking you should carefully tuck away the loose end of your clothes so that they do
not fail into the fire.
If a spark happens to fall on your clothes and set them alight, you should remove the garments from your
body and roll them on the ground to extinguish it. Never run about with clothes on fire as this will make the
flames blaze further and spread them. Roll on the ground yourself if the clothes cannot be taken off. This will
smother the flames.

HOW TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE: Water may be poured over hot ash or if water is not available it should be
covered with loose earth. Every precaution should be taken not to leave anything to smolder or blow about.
The ground may be left to cool and then as an added precaution the place should be stamped down leaving no
sign of any burning life.

BUCKET CHAIN METHOD OF PUTTING OUT THE FIRE AND TACKLING A FIRE IN DRY GRASS:
The Guides may be instructed to stand in rows with buckets, one row with buckets filled with water. As they
are emptied the other row should be ready to exchange them handing over the water filled buckets and take
the empty ones and continue thus.

KNOW WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU SMELL GAS LEAKING IN YOUR HOUSE

40

1. Disconnect the gas cylinder from the stove.

2. Open all windows and ventilators in the kitchens.
3. Don't put on any electric switch.
4. If an open space is available nearby, shift the gas cylinder to that place.
5. See that no naked flame is near the cylinder.
6. Inform the gas distributor immediately.

COOKING

Cook in the open, meals enough for two people. Most cooking takes time, time for collecting wood and
preparing the fire, and more time for the food to be cooked. It may be that the purpose of the hike is to
undertake some project; e.g. exploring. In this case the cooking will have to be accomplished in as short a time
as possible and it will be wise to choose simple, quickly prepared dish to serve. The meal should be planned
and chosen with as much care as you would give to meals at home.

PLANNING A BALANCED MENU: First decide on the main dish, and then plan the rest of the meal round it,
adding vegetables and fruits and finally the foods to fill up, such as bread, potatoes or dishes made with flour
or cereals. You may need more food than you need at home, because out in the open air you feel hungrier.

CARRYING YOUR FOOD: If you can collect a supply of light containers polythene bottles for liquids and plastic
or aluminum containers for solids you will have more space and less weight to carry. Many goods are sold
today in plastic bags and it should not be difficult to make your collection on the spot. Remember to save
space in your rucksack. By packing things with it like mugs, billies, and other containers only may make it
heavy and its use reduced.

YOUR DESTINATION: This may influence your choice of a meal. If you are going to a place where you know
wood is short, you will have to choose dishes which require little time to cook. Perhaps the wood will be of
only one kind, and you will need to collect kindling on the way.
You may know that you can get water nearby for preparation and cooking but if you have to carry all the
water you need, some food should be prepared at home to save carrying too much weight.

WAYS OF HIKE COOKING: Use green sticks of suitable thickness and length, avoiding holly as it has an acid
taste. Peel and point the end on which the food will be cooked, and toast the food over hot embers. It is
necessary to make up a good fire and wait for the flames to die down, as cooking over a flaming fire will result
in a burnt meal. Patience is essential at this stage. This method of cooking is suitable for kebabs and
sandwiches of various types.

BAKING: This can be done with the skins of fruit or vegetables, or in foil cases from cold store food. Orange
peel can be used as a container for other goods, e.g. eggs.

TIN CAN COOKING: This is often used for frying. An empty tin is turned upside down, an opening made on the
side at the bottom, and holes for ventilation on the opposite side at the top; afire is lit inside, and stoked
through the opening. Be sure to have only hot embers, flames may lick out and burn the food.

GAS COOKING:
Precautions:

41

1. Make sure the stove is level before lighting.

2. Use it well away from anything which could catch fire.
3. Before replacing a cylinder make sure the stove is cold.
4. Keep spare cylinders away from the stove when it is burning.
5. Dispose of an old cylinder in a proper litter basket, do not throw it in a hedge where it may be dangerous to
animals.
6. If the stove has a length of rubber tubing renew it every year.

FOIL COOKERY: In this method of cooking the food steams in its own juices, or fires if fat has been added. It
can he used for fruit, e.g. apples or tomatoes or as a way of cooking bread etc. It is suitable for fish and made
up meat dishes, and there are many recipes for this method. It is essential always to use aluminum foil for this
type of cookery. Fold your foil carefully. If it is in good condition, can be saved, cleaned and used again.
It is a good idea to use different methods of cooking for each part of the meal, and to include some cooking
without utensils each time until you are able to prepare a whole meal this way.

THE FIRE: Planning the meal and collecting the ingredients and utensils are only part of the hike cookery. The
most important part of the job is making the fire, looking after it and putting it out when you have finished
with it.
Before you begin, make quite sure that you have chosen a safe place, away from hedge, haystacks, or trees,
and that you have the owner's permission to light a fire in that particular place. Remember that the roots of
the trees may be damaged by heat although the tree itself is safe from flying sparks.
The size of the fire will vary with the type of meal and the numbers for whom you are cooking. Whatever the
cooking there are two ways in which you may start to lay the fire; either the Pyramid, which is formed by
sticks or bundles of fine twigs thinner than a match placed round form of punk, with a space left on the
windward side for lighting.
For boiling or frying, two thick pieces of wood, one on either side of the pyramid, will help to balance the
utensils and prevent it pressing on the fire and not allowing the air passage.
There must always be a good air space for the fire to bum well. If logs are not available, stones could be used
for a crane made to hold the billy above the fire.
Whatever the fire, a good drought all the time is essential and plenty of wood, well and closely placed, while
burning up.
When using stones for a fireplace take very great care that they are not flints. Flints will explode when hot,
and serious accidents can occur very suddenly.

THE WOOD TO USE: All fires need dry fuel and a good stack should be collected before beginning to build and
light the fire. Punk is necessary to start the fire. It is the quickly catching materials which the match lights.
Kindling is the fine twigs which are built round the punk. Twigs of beech, larch, fir, or other conifers are
suitable. These wood gives quick blaze to catch the real fuel but give little heat so they will not do the cooking.
The real fuel needs to be a hard wood such as oak and ash.

42

KNOW THE SIXTEEN POINTS OF A COMPASS

All Guides love the open country where roads and houses are scarce and want to explore unfamiliar places. In
the game there is every possibility of your losing way unless you are trailed to find out for yourself the right
direction in which y HI wish to proceed.
From time immemorial men have managed to find their way in unchartered land by observing the position of
the sun in daytime and of the stars at the night. You should learn to do this, but unless you are very good, you
may not find out the right direction as the sun changes its position in the day according to the season. Besides
it may turn out to be a cloudy day and you will not be able to determine the position of the sun in sky at the
particular time when you must know the right direction. The easiest way to find the NORTH is by Compass. In
order to find the way across unknown country side, with a map and Compass, you must know your compass
points and the position of the sun at all times of the day.
The sixteen points are divided into three parts

1. CARDINAL POINTS: North, South, East and West are the four cardinal points of the compass. North is the
most important point.

2. There are FOUR INTERMEDIATE POINTS, the points between North and East is called north east (generally
written N.E.) and similarly between south and east is S.E. between south and west is S. W. and between north
and west is N. W.

3. THREE LETTER POINTS. Between the eight known points lie these points. They are N.N.E., E.N.E., E.S.E.,
S.S.E., S.S.W., WSW, W.N.W., and N.N.W. There are four points, four intermediate points and eight three letter
points. Opposite the points are marked their readings in degrees.

43

FIND THE NORTH BY AT LEAST ONE CONSTELLATION AT NIGHT TIME.
The stars have always been a special subject of study in India and every star has its own history and legend.
Many people attach the greatest importance to the effect of the stars upon their lives. So this test will not be
difficult, for many people will be ready to help and guide you through it. Once the sun is down, the stars, if you
know how to use them, are the most reliable indicators of direction. In the Northern hemisphere there is one
constant compass point, the NORTH or POLESTAR. It is even more dependable than a compass needle, for it
hangs near the true, not the magnetic north.
There are several ways of finding the North Star. The simplest is by picking out the GREAT BEAR OR
SAPTARISHI MANDAL. Some brilliant stars of this appears like the PLOUGH pointing to the pole star or
DHRUVATARA. The seven brilliant stars of this constellation are placed in the form of a square vessel with a
long handle on it. The two stars on the side farthest from the handle are known as the Pointers because a line
drawn straight through and carried on five times beyond them would touch the POLE Star, which is directly
above the NORTH POLE. The Pole Star also forms the tip of the Little Bear's tail but this is a much fainter
constellation.

CONSTELLATIONS
On the other side of the GREAT BEAR is CASSIOPIA, ORSHARMISHTA. This looks like a great letter' W. A line
drawn through the centre of this W and extended upwards will also point to the POLE STAR. One or other of
these constellations is always visible in the northern sky.
ORION (Mrugashirsha, kalpurush, or the Mighty Hunter) is easy to find. He stretches across the sky with three
brilliant stars in his belt and three smaller ones indicating his sword. A line drawn through his sword and
extended up through his head will also reach the POLE STAR, but finding this needs practice. It is useful
however to remember that when ORION is rising or setting, his belt of three stars lies almost exactly East and
West.

HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF PACES, BEARING, AND SKETCHES

Pace: A measure of length equal to the average length of a stride (a step). Personal measurement from heel of
one foot to the toe of other foot.

Bearing: A bearing is the angle measured clockwise in degrees from certain fixed line (true north, grid north or
magnetic north) to any line in question. That is the imaginary angle between the North, the viewer and the an
object is called a bearing.
A forward bearing is, the bearing of the distant point from the observer's position. On the other hand the
bearing of an observer's position from the distant point is called a back bearing.

Sketches:
If you can read and make simple maps accurately and well, you are a specially useful person and may be of
great help to others in an emergency. In order to draw map properly, you must learn the conventional signs
used on maps in your Tritiya Sopan.

44

FIRST AID

Know about dressings, slings, bandages, improvising stretchers, and throwing a life-line.

Use of triangular bandage: A triangular bandage is a simple bandage, the base of which is 40 inches.

1. Knee Bandage: Fold the triangular bandage from the base for 2". Put the base below the knee, take
the corners round the leg and tie it above the knee.
2. Head Bandage: Fold the base for an inch put it on the forehead, take it round the head (not covering
the ears) take it round again and tie it.
3. Foot Bandage: Put the bandage on the floor put the foot on it with the corner on the toes., then turn
over the corner. Catch the corners with the base on the heel, and turn the bandage round the ankle
and tie in front.
4. Large Arm Sling: Take one corner of the triangular bandage over the other shoulder (which has not
been hurt) or over the arm, so that it can end at he fractured side. The corner will come under the
fractured elbow. Now take the other corner, and bring in on the hurt shoulder, and then tie it. Use a
Reef knot always for a bandage. Attach the comer with a safety pin with the bandage. The knot should
be on the shoulder and the finger should be outside the bandage.

5. Small Arm Sling: Fold the triangular bandage and make it like a broad bandage and tie it as above.

6. Ankle Bandage: Make a narrow bandage. Apply the middle of the bandage under the injured ankle's
foot bringing the ends to cross in the front. Take the ends low down across the ankle and above the
heel, cross behind and bring the ends to the front and secure with a reef knot. This gives support to
the injured/sprained ankle.

Improvising and Using a Stretcher:

45

Stretchers maybe improvised in the following ways:

(a) A window, shutter, door, gate, covered well with straw, hay clothing and sacking.
(b) Apiece of carpet, blanket, tarpulin spread out and two staves rolled up on the sides. Put clothes for a
pillow.
(c) Two coats with the sleeves turned inside out; pass two poles through the sleeves; button the coats over
them.
(d) Two poles passed through a couple of sacks, through holes at the bottom corners of each.


Throwing Life Line

Demonstrate the correct method of throwing a lifeline 10 metres as shown in the diagram.
-Tie bowline on one end of the rope, coil it and tie the other end of the rope on your wrist.

BURNS AND SCALDS:
When some one touches a hot coal it results in ordinary burn. When someone spills boiling water over his/ her
foot it results in a scald. You can also get sunburns.
In minor burns or first degree burns, the skin is only reddened. Use cold water and keep the burnt area under
water till the pain subsidies. You can add ice to a basin of water and immerse the affected part in it. Put on
clean dry dressing.
Second degree burns: Here blisters are present. Keep the blisters from breaking. If they break they will get
infected. Cover with dry, sterile gauze pad bandage.
Third degree burns: Skin is burnt away; flesh is charred. There is no pain. This type of burn is extremely
dangerous. Cover with clean sheet and rush to hospital.

Chemical Burns: Wash with lot of water. Remove contaminated clothing. Neutralize acid with alkaline solution
and alkali with a weak acid solution. For sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric and acid bums wash with a solution
(baking soda) desert spoonful in a cup of warm water. For alkali burns caused by Caustic soda, Quick Lime and
Potash, wash with lime juice.
Do not pull out clothing unless it is acid or alkali burn. Cover with clean dressing. Remove rings and bangles
before swelling starts. Give sips of coffee, tea, if conscious. Nothing by mouth if unconscious. When the area
of burn is large, be ready to treat for shock caused by pain and loss of plasma. Do not use oils or lotions.

46

NOSE BLEEDING:
Ordinarily not very serious, unless it happens after a hit on the nose. Make the patient sit in a chair. Tilt the
head downward and pinch with fingers below the nose bone.
Instruct the patient to breath through the mouth only, and not to blow the nose. Spit out if any blood comes
out. Place ice on the bridge of the nose and back of the neck. Loosen all tight clothing around the neck. Do not
make him/her lie down, because he/she may get choked with his/her own blood.

STINGS:
Wasps, bees, scorpions stings, also some plants.
- If the sting-is present remove it with a sterilized needle or tweezers. Wash the part with a solution of soda
bicarbonate. For wasps, Vinegar and onion juice are effective remedies.
- If the sting is inside the mouth wash the mouth with a solution of two teaspoonful of Soda Bicarbonate to
one pint (glass) of water.
Important: Some persons are allergic to stings. They will need quick medical attention. You will realize they are
allergic when there is too much pain and swelling or rash on the body.

SPRAINS:
It is caused by sudden jerk, straining or tearing of the ligaments and tissues around the joint.
SIGNS:
1. Pain at the joint
2. Inability to use the joint.
3. Swelling and later on discolouration.

TREATMENT:
- Immobilize the joint, place it in comfortable and elevated position.
- Expose the joint and apply firm cold bandage. Wet the bandage and keep it wet. This is called cold compress.
- If the persons cannot bear cold fomentation try hot fomentation, i.e. bathing with water as hot as can be
borne.
- If the ankle gets sprained during a walk, do not remove the shoes. Keep them as support and tie a figure of 8
bandage around. The foot with the shoe still on can be dipped in cold water.

ESTIMATION OF DISTANCES
In order to practice the judging of distances, you should pick out points in the landscape, write down how far

off you believe them to be, and then pace and measure them out.
As you know Guides should be able to estimate any distance from an inch to a mile and this is where personal
measurements will come in useful.
Distance can also be measured by sound. If you see a gun fired at some distance off and count the seconds
between seeing the flash and hearing the shot, you will be able to tell ho w far you are from that gun. Light
travels faster then sound, that is why you generally see lightning before you hear the thunder. If the two come
together, then the storm is right over your head.
Some of your estimated di stances can be paced out from one end to the other, others will be far for this, but
you will be able to pace out the distance between two fixed objects, such as telegraph poles along a road, and
then multiply your finding as required. You can practice this while travelling by bus or train and finish your
journey with an accurate knowledge of the distance covered.

47

When asked to estimate a distance that you cannot pace, remember that distances are overestimated:

1. When looking over a valley or over undulating or broken ground.
2. When standing in an avenue or long street.
3. In misty weather when the object cannot be clearly seen.
4. When sitting, kneeling or lying.
5. When the object matches the colour of its background or is in shadow.


Distances are underestimated:
1. When looking upwards or downwards, overwater or a chasm.
2. When the object is much larger than anything in its immediate neighbourhood.
3. In snow or over perfectly level ground.
4. In a very clear atmosphere.

For purpose of DwitIya Sopan test it is enough if you can use your staff and estimate the distance or width up
to 100 metres.

Several methods are in vogue. Triangulation method is very popular. Your guide Captain will guide. Also you
study the relevant part of Scouting for Boys on the subject.



For estimating the width of a river, take an object X such
as a tree or a rock on the opposite bank. Mark the spot
on which you are standing as A. Turn at right angles and
start walking along the bank of the river, say 20 steps.
Place a staff or stone at this point and mark it as B.
Continue walking in the same direction for another 20
steps and mark the point as C. Turn at right angle and
walk away from the river till you reach a point where you
are in line with the point B and the tree Mark this spot
D. Now pace the distance from D to C. Convert the paces
thus taken into metres and centimeters. You will find
that c the distance CD is the same as the distance XA.

48

COMPANY WIDE GAMES

Games, "For some it means the fun of playing the game of girl guides, and to others, it means the fun of
playing the game in guiding girls".
Play is nature's preparation for life. We can help the children to grow mentally, physically and spiritually
through Guide Games. There are many types of games, some help the Guides to become alert and intelligent
and provide an outlet for energy and high spirits. Other Games develop their courage, their sense of honesty,
self control and fair play; while quiet games are important in the development of ingenuity and
resourcefulness.
Wide Game is one of the types of games, which include Woodcraft games, (i.e. tracking, stalking and nature
observation) covering long periods of time and space and take the guides right out info the open, bringing
Emergencies, First aid, Nature Craft, Compass, Mapping etc. are some examples of wide game This type of
games is often played in Wooded area, providing for planning and organizing.
A lot of imagination is required to set the scene and formulate the playing conditions. Valuable training comes
through the way games are played as well as through the games themselves. Thus the Guides realize that any
job should be tackled when you follow certain basic principle.
Usually, Patrol will become the basic unit for the Company wide games. All the members co-operate with each
other.

IN CONSULTATION WITH YOUR PATROL LEADER UNDERTAKE SUSTAINED
ACTIVITY FOR A MONTH IN YOUR COMMUNITY MAKING USE OF GUIDING SKILLS
THAT YOU HAVE PRACTISED.

This programme is mainly to know your community and ways of contributing to its life. Consider the following
points before undertaking the project.
Learn how to work and plan happily with others. List out the guide skills which are useful to the
community.
Increased ability to work without adult help is very important.
Respect for public property. Importance of safety and consideration for other people.
How to share materials, ideas and skills.
List out the needs of the community.
Contact the concerned persons well in advance and brief them about the service project.
Be resourceful in using the free time.
Maintain a detailed record of this programme.
Projects should be monitored and periodically evaluated.
Discuss it in patrol in council and in Court of Honour. This type of sustained activity leads to good Citizenship
and Care of Public and Private Property.

49

MORSE AND SEMAPHORE SIGNALLING

Every Guide ought to learn the Morse code of signaling. It can be used to send messages by 'dots' and 'dashes'
for some distance by flags; or by sounds, such as bugle, or by flashes (heliograph or electric light)
The MORSE code letters and numerals are made up of dots and dashes.
Semaphore signaling, which is done by waving your arms at different angles to each other, is even easier to
learn. Here you form the different letters by putting your arms at different angles. Be sure to make these
angles correctly. The diagram shows the signs as they appear to a "reader", It may look complicated in the
picture, but when you come to work it out you will find it is very simple.
The sender must always face the station he is sending to. He gets the attention of the receiving Station by the
calling up signal/VE-VE-VE orAAAA. When the receiving station is ready, it gives the carry on signal K. If it is not
ready, it sends Q, meaning "Wait".


When the receiving station has read word correctly, sends E or T (for Morse) or C or A(for Semaphore). If any
word is not answered, the sending station knows that the receiving station has not read it and so repeats it
until it is answered.

If you make a mistake, send the erase signal of 8 E's and then repeat the word.
If you are going to send numbers, use the regular Morse numerals but in Semaphore spell the numbers out in
letters. They will be checked by being repeated back by the receiving station.

End of word is indicated by a short pause in light and sound signaling or with flags, by bringing them down to
the front.

You finish a message by sending the end of message signal AR. The receiving station answers with the message
received signal R if the message has been received correctly.

50

Once you know the Morse or Semaphore alphabet, all you need is practice. A Guide is not asked to send long
sentences, or to send over long distances or a high speed. All that is expected of you is that you should know
your alphabet and read and send simple sentences or words really well. Do your best, so that when it comes
to sending across a big field, or from hill to hill, your message will be easy to read.
If you want to write a despatch that will puzzle most people to read, use the Morse or Semaphore letters in
place of the ordinary alphabet. It will be quite readable to any of your friend who understands signaling.

ALL FAITHS PRAYER MEETINGS

Participate in four Prayer Meetings in your Company.

Guiding which is not based on the first part of the promise will have no lasting value. You must put God first.
We may belong to many different faiths, we may be Hindu, Muslim, Christan, Zorastrian, Jew, Jain Budhdhist
or Sikh but God is one. Guiding gives a wonderful opportunity to all its members to be close to one another,
and to understand that through our forms of worship may be different the same Gods behind all of us. We are
all in his service, Duty to God does not merely mean visiting places of worship on holy days or at the time of
festivals. It calls for the living of our daily lives according to the best principles of the faith that we may
profess. Let us acknowledge His blessings and review our allegiance to Him at common prayer meetings of the
company assemblies. Let us learn to be grateful to God for our joys and such success as may come our way.
Let us learn to seek courage from Him, if any reverses be fall us.
Let us develop tolerance to all other religions by attending Prayer meetings of different religious faiths. Let us
develop tolerance by organizing and actively participating in 4 All Faiths Prayer Meetings in our own country.

PROFICIENCY BADGES
Cook:
(1) Know the necessary ingredients of a balanced diet.
(2) Know how to buy provisions, vegetables etc. and draw up priced and nutritionally sound menu to include
quantities required for a camp of a week's duration for at least one patrol of 6 Guides.
(3 ) Make a proper cooking place, lay and light a fire using chullah trench etc. and
cook five local standard dishes of which two beverages as prescribed by the examiner.
(4) Serve food in a proper manner.
(5) Know how to store provisions in a hygienic manner,
Debater:
(1) Propose at least two motions and oppose at least, two others in properly conducted debates.
(2) Speak in the course of debate in the presence of the examiner for at least five minutes on the subject
under discussion; have prepared the subject thoroughly and have submitted concise and orderly notes for her
speech.
(3) Know the ordinary rules of debate and duties and powers of the chairman.
Friend to Animal:
Have a general knowledge of the habits, food and all that tends the well being of the following animals.
Horse or donkey, sheep or goat, dog or cat, bull or camel, cow or buffalo and be able to recognize any form of
cruelty or ill use to which they are subjected.
(2) Know in respect of any one of the above animal the usual minor ailments to which it is liable, and what
simple remedies may be employed.
(3) Have kept a pet in good condition of comfort and health.
(4) Have an elementary knowledge of what to do in cases of accidents to animals.

51

(5) Know the address of the nearest S.P.C. A. office (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals or Blue
Cross).
Gardener:
(1) Dig a piece of ground not less than 12 sq. metres; Plant and grow successfully six kinds of vegetables or
flowers from seeds or cuttings. (In cities where digging is not possible wooden cases or pots may be used)
(2) Know the names of twelve plants pointed out in an ordinary garden, understand what is meant by pruning,
budding, grafting and manuring;
(3) Demonstrate any one of the following pruning budding, grafting.
(4) Adopt a public park or a neighbour's courtyard and look after the garden plants for at least 2 months.
Note: In cities roof garden can be the alternative.

Handywoman:
(1) Work a sewing machine and understand cleaning, putting in needle, oiling etc.
(2) Replace gas or patrol mantles or electric bulbs or clean trim and fill an oil lamp.
(3) If gas, water or electricity are laid on in her own house or school, know and where to turn them off at the
main.
(4) Thoroughly clean and repaint inside of a bath tub, table door, windows or equivalent, two coats at least.
(5) Apply collator to a wall or floor
(6) Repair charpoy or replace newar on a bed.
(7) Repair
(a) mosquito-net
(b) a bamboo chick
(c) china
(d) splice a handle or pole by gluing or whipping
(e) Spice a rope
(f) glue wood
(8) At the examination do up a parcel neatly and sharpen knife on a grindstone, whetstone or home. Also do
four of the following.
(a) make and attach bed frames for a mosquito-net or fix curtain rod andhand curtain
(b) mend a saucepan or equivalent and bring to examination after at least a week's use there are 16 more
clauses from c) d) to (r)

Cyclist:
(1) Must sign certificate that she owns or has the use of a bicycle in good working order, which she is willing to
use, if called upon at any time, in case of emergency.
(2) Must be able to ride her bicycle satisfactorily and keep it in good running order.
(3) Be able to mend a puncture.
(4) Must be able to read a road map and repeat correctly a verbal message.
(5) Be able to mount and dismount on either side or ride a bicycle and lead another.

Laundress
(1) Must wash and finish and bring to examination
(a) a white cotton garment
(b) a coloured cotton garment
(c) a woolen garment or a pair of stockings.
(2) Must be able to remove stains, and make boiling water starch.
Note: Some parts of this test must be demonstrated in the presence of the examiner.

52

COMMUNITY ACTIVITY
Complete any two of the following:
Undertake a development project in your school with your patrol in consultation with the head of the
institution
Participate in a social service camp.
Serve in a community fair or mela.
Discuss with your parents and neighbours about a pollution problem in your locality and make a report
of it.
Community action is in all forms, community service, community development and development education -
is a practical manifestation of the fundamental principles of the movement, Community projects and
programmes can take many forms. They may reflect the needs of the immediate community.

Planning is an essential part of managing a successful community development project. It not only maximizes
the benefit to the community, but it also benefits the group undertaking the project.
Possible community activities.
Make contact with the local community and social workers. They are directly in touch with groups
communities and suggest potential projects.
Consult, take help and guidance from your Patrol Leader, Guide Captain your parents, teachers and others in
formulating the work, Reporting it and also undertaking the activity.

SERVE AS PRATHAM SOPAN GUIDE FOR ATLEAST NINE MONTHS.

53

9. TRITIYA SOPAN

TESTS FOR TRITIYA SOPAN

1. Campcraft:
Demostrate:
(i) Whipping: a method other than the one done in Pratham Sopan.
(ii) Draw hitch, Fireman's Chair Knot, Manharness knot and Splicing Eye or Back or Short.
(iii) Pitching, striking and packing a tent or improvising a shelter enough for two persons to sleep in.
(iv) A Trestle and a Rope Ladder with the help of another Guide.
2. Swimming:
(i) Swim 50 metres
(ii) Know the safety rules of swimming and
(iii) Know how to deal with cramps
OR
Earn ONE of the following Proficiency Badges (1) Athlete (2) Climber (3) Gymnast(4) Hiker (5) Yoga (6) Games
Leader
3. Estimation:
(i) Estimate any given two heights, depths not more than 30 metres.
(ii) Two weights not more than two kg. and (iii)Two different types of things in numbers.
4. First Aid:
(i) Treat for shock, fainting, choking
(ii) Deal with simple fracture of arm, collarbone and jaw fracture.
(hi) First Aid for drowned person and electric shock (iv) Demonstrate mouth to mouth resuscitation.
5. Mapping:
(i) Map Reading- knowledge of Scale conventional signs, contours and grid references. Be able to read a tourist
map or Survey of India Map and follow a given route or lead a person.
(ii) Map making by Triangulation, Plain Table and Road Traverse Method.
6. Pioneering:
(i) Demonstrate the use of knives, hand axes and their safety rules,
(ii) Build two Patrol Pioneering Projects and demonstrate their uses.
7. Participate in an overnight camp of the company.
8. Undertake with another guide a Cycle Hike for 10 kilometres, or hike on foot for 6 kms and a submit a
report to the Guide Captain within 10 days.
9. Cooking:
Cook in the open, meals enough for four persons.
10. Plan and participate in a Patrol Expedition.
11. Participate in a night game.
12. Signaling: Send and receive messages through Morse Code or semaphore containing at least (30 words).
25 words in 7 minutes.
13. Qualify for any two of the following Proficiency Badges, one form each group, (not earned earlier)
Group A: 1. Civil Defence 2. Pioneer 3. Community worker 4. World Conservation. 5. Safety knowledge 6. Self
Defence.
Group B: 1. Book Binder 2. Citizen 3. Naturalist 4. Path Finder
14. Complete any one of the following and prepare a Log Book
1. Talk on National Integration to your group.

54

2. Talk in your Guide Company Camp fire or tell a story.

15. Show the knowledge of Guiding in India.
16. Serve as Dwitya Sopan Guide for at least nine months.

CAMPCRAFT

WHIPPINGS- OTHER METHODS THAN THE ONES DONE IN PRATHAM SOPAN.

AMERICAN WHIPPING

Make a loop in a foot long length of twine and place it at

the end of the rope with one end of the twine pointing in
the same direction as the rope end, the other pointing
the opposite way. Wrap twine tightly around rope
starting about 112 inch from the rope end. Continue until
whipping is as wide as rope is thick. Pull the two ends out
to either side. Cut off ends of twine near whipping.

SAIL MAKER'S WHIPPING

Unlay the rope 2 inches, make a bight (loop) in a 3

feet length of twine and place it around one of the
strand. Re-lay the rope.Wind the twine tightly
around the rope end for a sufficient number of
turns. Carry the bight originally formed back over
the end of the same strand around which it was
laid. Pull twine ends tight tie them with a square
knot between the ropes ends. Trim ends of twine.

55

DRAW HITCH, FIREMAN'S CHAIR KNOT, MAN HARNESS KNOT AND DIAGONAL LASHING AND THEIR USES.

DRAW HITCH

Useful to tie in any place where it is desirable
to untie quickly or for coming down a tree by a
rope, where the running end is left long
enough to be twitched from the ground. Only
don't try to come down the running end by
mistake.

FIREMAN'S CHAIR KNOT

As the name itself suggests, this knot is essentially
used for rescuing purposes. It provides two loops,
one to go under the shoulders of the unconscious
person, and the other under his knees.
The size of the loops will obviously depend on the
person to be rescued and some practice will be
required to obtain at once the correct size of
loops.

MAN HARNESS KNOT

A knot useful to make a loop in the
middle of a rope which will not slip. It
is also useful for making steps and
holds in a climbing rope. This knot is
easily made by laying the rope on the
ground it can also be made holding
the rope in your hands.

56

SPLICING:

Splicing are generally used for three purposes
(i) to keep the end of a rope from unlaying,
(ii) to join two ropes of the same thickness without tying a knot
(iii) To make an eye at the end of a rope using one end. This can be used for many purposes and on many
occasions.

Splicing can be defined as a method for the above mentioned three purposes using the strands at the end of
the rope, passing them in between the strands of the same rope or in between the strands of another rope
which will be used for splicing.

Instruments/Materials for Splicing: In addition to the rope for splicing one spike or spike knife or two inch nail
or a piece of iron rib of an umbrella or a small piece of stick with one end sharpened like a spike, one piece of
thread about fifteen cm. in length and a blade or a sharp knife are required.
As mentioned earlier there are different types of splicing.

BACK SPLICE

This is used to keep the end of a rope intact from unlaying the strands. Tie a thumb knot round the rope
tightly using a thread leaving about 8 or 9 cms. from the end of the rope. Then unlay the strands 8 or 9 cms till
the place where the thumb knot is tied. Then tie a crown knot using the strands as shown in the figure.
Tighten the strands firmly and uniformly. But it should not go beyond the thumb knot. Now remove the thumb
knot and pass the running strands below the alternate strands i.e. the second strand below each running
strand. Thus the 3 (or 4 as the case may be) strands should be passed through once. Pull them tightly. Then cut
off 1I4 width (thickness) of the running strands and pass the strands below the alternate strands once more.
Pull the strands tightly and then cut off one fourth thickness of the balance length of the strands and pass
them underneath the alternate strands once more. Each time, tighten the strands firmly and uniformly. Put
the spliced part in between the palms (or on a clean surface) and roll it tightly so that it will take good shape.
Then cut off the remaining running strands. While passing the running strands underneath the alternate
strands care should be taken that two strands should not come closely together (parallel) under one strand. As
the one fourth thickness is cut off after passing the strands each time, the spliced portion of the rope will have
a tapering form.

57

SHORT SPLICE

This is used to join two ropes of the same thickness without tying a knot so that it can be passed through a
pulley.
Thumb knots using threads should be tied tightly at about 9 cms from the ends of two ropes to be joined and
then unlay the strands. Then put the two ends of the rope close together placing each strand of the two ropes
alternately i.e. opposite direction (just like the position of our fingers when we clasp our hands) and pull them
tightly so that the thumb knots tied on the two ropes are as close as possible. The strands of the rope on left
side (say rope A) should be tied with the rope at the right side, (say rope B) with a thread using thumb knot
very close to the joined portion. Then pass on the strands of the rope B under the alternate the strands of the
Rope A, as done for Back splicing.
This should be done three times as explained for back splicing. Then untie the thumb knots and pass on the
strands of rope A under alternate strands of the rope B three times as explained for back splicing. Roll the
spliced portion tightly to get good shape. Cut off balance length of the strands. In order to get more strength
splicing can be done four or five times instead of three times.

EYE SPLICE

58

This is used to make an eye at the end of a rope. The eye at the end of a rope can be used for numerous
purposes e.g. to make a lifetime permanent loop at one end of the rope. To tie a rope to an eyelet of a tent
cloth. In other words eye splice shall be used to get a permanent loop at the end of a rope.
In this case also the principle of splicing is just like back splicing with one little difference'. Tie thumb knot
tightly with a string at about 9 cms, from the end of the rope and then unlay the strands upto 9 cms. Place the
unlayed portion on the standing part of the rope at anyplace according to the size of the loop required. Pass
three unlayed strands underneath alternate strands at the point where loop is to be formed. The fourth strand
should be taken bringing it through the opposite side or reverse side to get more strength for the loop. This is
the difference mentioned above. (If there are only three strands in the rope take two strands from one side
and third one through the other side). After splicing all the four strands once, reduce the thickness of the
strands by cutting off one-fourth width of each strand. Repeat the process at least twice as in the case of Back
Splicing. Then roll the spliced portion tightly, remove the thumb knot and cut off the remaining portion of the
strands.

Points to be remembered for good splicing
1. Thumb knot tied at the beginning should be very tight in order to avoid further unlaying of the strands.
2. The Crown knot of the back splice should be made very tight by uniformly pulling the strands.
3. Before splicing each strand, twist it properly.
4. After splicing each strand, pull it tightly.
5. After each splice, cut off one fourth from each strand after rolling it tightly, otherwise the cut end will come
out afterwards.
6. In short splicing join the ropes too closely by pulling the stands of the two ropes very tightly in the opposite
direction and then tie the thumb knot on one side.
7. In eye splicing make round mark at the place where splicing is to be made and then splice three strands
from one side and the last strand from the reverse side.
8. Before cutting the remaining length of strands roll the splicing firmly.

TENT PITCHING

When the sun is back so are the camps. Here is some advice on how to pitch your tent.
Put the groundsheet on the floor and fix it in the ground with pegs over the impermeable flaps. Put the two
spikes in the corresponding holes in the ridge of the tent. Put the poles upright on the groundsheet. Hold the
poles upright and close the flaps.
Tighten the front and rear guys then the corner guylines and last the ones on each side.

59

Pitching and striking a tent or improvising a shelter enough for two persons to sleep in:
Pitching a Tent: The method of pitching tent varies according to type, and there are often different ways of
pitching the same tent. The best way is the one you find easiest and quickest. It is also advisable to practice
your pitching in private before going out with anew or unfamiliar tent. Three or four trial pitchings and you will
feel like an old timer. Let us suppose you have a new lightweight ridge tent with walls.

Take the tent out of its bag. Note carefully how it is folded. Spread it out with the door facing the desired
direction and with the four comers roughly where they are to be when pitched.

Start by pegging the door flaps down where the front pole will be. Place the front of the tent exactly where
you want it to face, square it and two comers down. Now square off and peg the back comers down. Next, put
in the back and front main guy pegs at nearly the tent's length away, hook away, hook the guys on and adjust
slightly slack.
Unpeg the door flaps and put the front and back poles in position. They will stay put while you correctly adjust
the main guy lines. Lastly peg out the side guys and put the rest of the wall pegs in. Make any necessary
adjustments. Poles should stand straight; side guys should be in line with seams and follow the same slope as
the roof and pegs should be at and angle of 45. If the pegs form a geometrical pattern round the tent, and the
guys are equally tensioned, it will stand trim and without sag or crease. In windy weather, start by pegging the
back corner down so that the canvas will be bio wing away from you

60

Wall less ridge tent:

Pitch as for-ridge tent with walls, except for the side guys.

Light weight with ridge pole: Peg down two side corners. Slip the assembled ridge and upright poles in to the
tent. With front and back main guys in one hand, pull the tent upright and hook a centre side guy over a peg
already in place. A peg or two at the pole butts will prevent them slipping while raising the poles. Peg down
the remaining two corners. Correct the poles. Peg main guys, side guys, and the rest of the walls.
One pole tent: Place its shaped groundsheet where you want the tent. Peg the walls down all round (or
bottom edge if wall less), Raise it upright by its pole. Peg guys down. The tent centre back, butt of pole, and
main guy peg should be in line.
Tents with sewn in ground sheet are the easiest to pitch. Peg ground sheet down. Position pole or poles. Peg
according to type.
The smaller frame tents are also easy to pitch once the frame is assembled. For fitting the cover in a wind,
work with your back to the wind (the windward side) and it will help instead of hindering.
Full sized ridge poled tents require at least three people to pitch. Start by laying the ridge pole on the ground
in the time of pitching. Knock a wall peg in at each end as a guide to where the uprights are to stand. Now lay
the tent flat. Fit the upright into the ridge pole and push them carefully into the tent and up to the ridge so
that the pole spikes go through the grommet holes. Place the main guys (if separate) on the spikes. The tent is
now raised, and held upright while the main guys are pegged down. Then all hands to the pegging.
Fly sheets are easiest fitted after the tent is erected. Throw the fly sheet over the tent, place the seperators on
the pole spikes through the fly sheet grommet holes and peg the guys down. If it is windy, peg one side down
before throwing over. During a gale, roll the fly sheet up, peg one side down, then roll it over the tent and
secure it on the other side to pegs already placed. There should be complete clearance between a fly sheet
and the tent.
When main guys are crossed back wards (stormed) to prevent billowing, there should be clearance between
them and the canvas, and between the guys themselves to reduce chafing.
Lay the groundsheet so that it covers the mud walling all the way round to keep droughts out, but first remove
any stones and anything else that could tear the sheet through when trodden.

Bivouac or Hike sheet
The bivouac shelter is the simplest form of tent, it is the lightest and cheapest, and can be put to dozens of
other uses. It is merely a sheet of proofed cloth, 7to 10 feet square; with eyelets, or D-rings on sides, about 18
inches apart along each side.
Cloth: Any strong closely woven fabric such as cotton cambric, Nylon, terylene, lightweight plastic coated
ground sheet cloth and similar fabrics normally unsuitable for tents because of condensation, make good hike
sheet. The weight should be about 3 oz per square yard. The commonest cloth width are 36, 42 48 and 54
inches. Nine yards of 3 6 or 42 inch cloth cut into three and sewn together, or four yards of 48 or 5 6 inch cloth
cut in half and sewn together, would make a suitable size of sheet.

Trestle
Trestle making is a useful Patrol Activity. Trestle can be used for many purposes e.g. for making bridges and
towers. In Camp Fire Yarn No. 8 of the Scouting for Boys B.P. has shown how to make a bridge using two
trestles. This is called single lock bridge.
See the figure to know the parts of a trestle viz. legs, ledger, transom and brace or diagonals. At all the places
(except centre; square lashing is to be used and at the centre diagonal lashing is to be used as the braces are
likely to set apart due to tension on the trestle. First of all lash the ledger and the transom on the same side of
the legs. The tips and one butt of the two braces are placed on the opposite side of the legs to the ledger, the

61

other butt being on the same side. Lash the butts and then the tips.The trestles are, however constructed
differently from those for the trestle bridge described above. It will make it clearer if these difference are
tabulated thus:

Trestle Bridge
Lock Bridge
Ledger
On same side of leg as transom
On opposite of leg to transom
Diagonals
2 tips and 1 butt on opposite side 2 butts and 1 tip on same side of
of leg to ledger
leg as ledger
Legs
At a slope of 6 over 1
At a slope of 20 over 1

The details of making trestle for bridge building as given in the book "Pioneer" by Gilcraft are as follows:
It is necessary in the beginning to learn how the trestle is built up and to be able to name the various parts
properly. Figure shows a typical trestle with the parts named. The diameter of the spars given are suitable for
a 15 feet bay and a 15 feet height of trestle. This will be about the largest size with which Ranger Guides may
expect to work. The types of lashing to be put on the various crossing are named, although the lashings
themselves are not shown for sake of clearness.
The type of spars required for others spans and heights may be calculated as follows:
Transom 10 inch diameter for 10 feet bay, increasing by 1/2 inch for every 2 feet increase in span of bay.
The slope of the legs should be 1 in 6, and can easily be obtained by first marking the points where the leg are
to cross the transom, and then adding to this distance apart one-third of the height of the leg from the
transom to the ledger when marking the latter.
Having chosen the site, the next thing to be done is to decide how far apart the trestles are to be placed. This
naturally depends on the length and strength of the material available.
If the bed of the stream is irregular, the trestles will be of different heights. The easiest way to ascertain this is
to stretch a line from bank to bank. At the same distances apart as the trestles will come, pieces of string are
tied to the line and surroundings taken to the bed of the stream at these points (see fig) This will give the
normal height of the transom above the bed of the stream. It is then best to make out a table showing the
lengths of the legs after this manner.

62

SWIMMING

Swim fifty metres, know the safety rules of swimming; how to minimize and deal with cramps.
Do you want Fun? A good physical condition? Relaxation?
Then try swimming. It is one of the best forms of exercise and recreation. It is not only healthy, it tones up
your muscles-every one of them. Swimming is for anyone and everyone; be you tall or short, thin or round,
young or old, toddler, teenager or middle aged.
There is no special ability required. Not just to take a test but for FUN, ACHIEVEMENT and PERSONAL SAFETY.

GETTING USED TO WATER
The best place to develop your confidence is at the pool - the shallow end the beach - wading area At the pool
1. Get into the water by going down the steps backwards at the shallow end.
2. Lower yourself over the edge of the pool and go into the water backwards.
Do not jump into the water or you may injure yourself by hitting the bottom of the pool too hard.
The shallow end is your end until you can swim.

LEARNING TO FLOAT
Take a good, deep breath
Bend into the water
Relax your arms, have them loose in front of you
Draw up your knees
Float as long as your breath holds out

The Chief Scout and the Chief Guide were both keen that every member of the Movement should be able to
swim. Learning to swim is easy. First, keep your mouth upward by throwing your head well back, Second keep
your lungs full of air by taking in long breaths and breathing out as little as possible. Third, keep your arms
under water and try to relax your muscles and lie on the water as if it were a bed.

Nothing is impossible, and if you make up your mind to swim, you will be able to learn somehow. Get a
competent swimmer to teach you the action on land, and when the opportunity comes you will be surprised
to find how easily and quickly you will be able to swim in the water.
If you can, find out locally the possibilities of swimming in tanks, wells, canals, and rivers, which are safe and
free from weeds and currents lose no opportunity of learning how to swim in them.

OR

EARN ONE OF THE PROFICIENCY BADGES:
1. Athlete 2. Climber 3. Gymnast 4. Hiker 5. Yoga

ESTIMATION

Estimate any two given Heights/ Depths of not more than thirty metres and two weight not more than two
kg.

The estimation of heights and weights are most difficult tests but you need considerable training and practise
before test. In this chapter heights, depths and weight are given.

63

Estimation of DEPTH:
(a) Depths where the bottom can be seen.
(b) Depths where the bottom cannot be seen since the depth is filled with water.
In both the above cases a staff or pole can be used to measure the depth.
If the depth is more that it cannot be measured with the available staff/pole, a strong string/thin rope tied to a
heavy weight like a stone may be lowered down to the bottom. When the weight touches the bottom do, the
string/rope will flex. Keep the string/ rope taut, mark pull out the string/rope and measure.

Estimation of HEIGHTS:

"PENCIL METHOD"
PENCIL METHOD. Place a buddy whose height you know against the tree, or make a mark for your own height
on the trunk. Step back. Hold a stick or pencil up before you in your outstretched hand. With one eye closed
measure off on the stick with your thumbnail the height of your buddy. Then move the stick up to see how
many times this measurement goes into the height of the tree. Multiply the height of your buddy with the
number found. This gives you the height of the tree.

LUMBERMAN'S METHODS OR TREE FELLING METHOD
Stand exactly opposite to the height that you wish to measure. Hold a long pencil out at arm's length, and at a
shoulder level. Shut one eye. Now move the pencil till its point seems to touch the top of the object you are
measuring, while the end of the pencil covers the bottom. If the pencil is too long, mark of this measurement
on it with your thumb. Now keeping your arm steady and the end of pencil base of the object you are
measuring drop that part until the pencil lies horizontally. Mark how far the point reaches

T. STICK METHODS
Get two sticks six to eight inches long-old school rulers do very well and fit them together so that they make a
T, at the same time make sure that the length from A to B is the same as that from C to D. Hold the sticks at A
to the tip of your nose and shutting one eye, walk backward from the object which you are measuring , until C
D covers it from top to bottom. Then measure the distance from where you are standing to the base of your
object. The distance is the same as the height.

INCH TO FOOT METHOD: Take eleven ordinary walking paces from the object to be measured and plant a
pole. Take one more pace and then lie down, placing your eye as close to the ground as possible. Notice where
the top of the object appears against the stick and cut a notch to mark it. The distance from the bottom of the
stick to the notch will give you in inches what the height to the object is in feet. This works on the geometric
principle of two right-angled triangles.

ESTIMATION: The estimation of heights, weights, distances, numbers and time is one of the most difficult
tests and you will need considerable training before you are able to judge these within permissible error limit
of 25%.
You may choose any three subject for estimation but you should aim at practising all the above sections even
though you may only be proficient at judging three of them.
This is essentially a judging test, and no extra aids may be used while it is being held. Distance, height and
numbers must be judged by the eye alone and weight by the eye and hand.
In order to develop this skill, you will have to practice it and train your eye, hands and your sense of judgment.
Here are some ways which you may follow:

64

Your Pace: Mark off a level stretch of ground exactly 100 metres. Pace it 10 times, using your normal walking
step. Start each time with your toe on the line. Count the number of steps you have used each time and
average them. Say this turns out to be X. Now divide 100 metres by X; you will know how much you can cover
in one step and that is your pace.

WEIGHTS: To attain proficiency in judging weight you should start by holding something in your hand which
weights exactly 100 gms. You will soon get used to feel of it. Then pick up lighter or heavier objects in other
hand and compare their feel with your standard weight.
Accustom yourself too, to the weight of articles in daily use in your home. If you have a fairly accurate idea of
useable items you will never come home from the bazar with short weight in food stuffs -you have purchased.
Experience and practice are your only aid.

NUMBERS: If you happen to find yourself in a crowd at mela or at a public meeting, take the opportunity of
testing your ability in judging numbers. One good method is to count a small group or a row and then judge
how many such groups or row are present.
A capacity for judging numbers has a real practical value, especially when arranging a rally, a guard of honour,
or the seating accommodation etc. In this way you will have to estimate your floor space too, and know how
much room is taken by a person sitting or standing, and do not forget, while you are at it, to leave enough
space for your visitors to move comfortably in and out of the rows of chairs or people.

TIME: Get in the habit of guessing the time before you look at your watch. First make certain of the length of a
minute. Practice will teach you to count at the rate of a clock ticking. Time is perhaps the most difficult thing
to judge, for when one is doing something of interest, it flies, if one is bored, a minute can seem like ten. You
can judge time by distance covered, but in other ways practice, more practice, and still more practice is the
only thing by which to learn.

FIRST AID

Why should we wish lo know something about First Aid? Because as Guides we may be able to give help of a
practical nature, enlightened kind of an injured person while a doctor is being sent for. Many a time correct
First Aid has saved a life.
The elementary but essential knowledge of First Aid is prescribed in the Dwitya Sopan Badge. If we know
exactly how to tackle all other important subjects properly, then we may appear for Tritya Sopan Test.

SHOCK
The body is made up of intricate nerve mechanisms, each radiating from the centre. If harm is done to any of
these centres, those of the heart and circulation etc. react by becoming depressed and cease to function
normally. This is called Shock.
You must treat Shock, therefore, in every accident of whatever kind. It may be delayed, but if action is taken at
once, the effect of a severe form may be prevented.
If Shock is present, the patient will be pale and cold to touch, faint or unconscious, the pulse will be difficult to
feel and the breathing will be slow and shallow.
Lay the patient flat, just putting enough pillows for comfort. Cover with light warm covering. Fill bottles with
very hot water, cork safely and place close to the feet and sides of the patient, care being taken to see that
they are not in direct contact with the skin, but that a piece of cloth is wrapped round them. Bricks may be
heated if bottles are not available.If the patient is conscious, give a hot drink like tea, coffee or milk or just

65

plain water if nothing is possible. Keep the patient very quiet in bed, if possible with feet slightly raised. Give
encouraging words that all is going to be well.
If the patient is unconscious, giving nothing by the mouth. Gentle friction can be applied to the arms and legs
to promote a better flow of blood.

ELECTRIC SHOCK
Sometimes this is dangerous to the rescuer, as the current will pass through the patient to any one touching
him/her. The best solution is to turn off the electric current. Every Guide should know where to find the main
electric switch in her own home, or school and how to handle it. If you meet with an outdoor accident of this
nature, for instance a man/woman who has touched a live wire, or a fallen wire, you should instantly send a
message to the nearest electricity sub-station, and in the mean time try to remove the person away from live
wire. To do this you must insulate both hands and feet. Stand on something that will not conduct the current,
e.g. dry rubber, dry wood or glass, or several thickness of dry papers. Wrap your hands in a mackintosh or a
dry cloth, then with a bent and dry wooden stick or pole and an assistant similarly protected to help you, try to
pull the patient away from the wires before touching him/her. Do not use the hook of the umbrella for the
metal spokes are conductors of electricity. Post someone near the live wire to prevent a repetition of the
accident, while you yourself attend the patient. If breathing has ceased, give artificial respiration before
treating burns or shock.

GAS LEAK
To rescue a patient from a gas filled room, tie a wet cloth over your nose and mouth before entering. But this
does not take the place of a gas mask, and the safest thing is to be very quick in removing the patient.
Immediately run to open space or break a window to let the gas out. Lift the patient high and rush him/her
into the fresh air. Give artificial respiration. Give special attention to let in fresh air. Gas can be replaced from
air compressors fresh air or even from a car exhaust serves the purposes. In all common cases gas poison lies
low as it is heavier than air. So in rescuing the patient you must remain upright and raise the patient as high as
possible.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
How can the breathing be restored? By the use of the artificial respiration methods, that is, by restoring the in
and out rhythm of normal breathing artificially by stimulating the centre of respiration to recommence its
normal function.

Methods of Artificial Respiration

MOUTH - TO - MOUTH RESUSCITATION

66

Step 1Clear victim's mouth of anything that might stop his breathing.
Step 2Tilt head back as far as you can. Lift with the hand beneath neck. Push down with the hand on the
forehead.
Step 3Use your thumb and forefinger to pinch the nostrils shut. Place your mouth over the victim's mouth.
Blow twelve times a minute for an adult or twenty times for a child
Step 4Let the victim breathe out, In step 3 the victim's chest should rise. It should fall in step 4.
Step 5If air is not getting into the lungs, check tilt of head (step 2). If still choked, slap his back to clear the
throat. If unable to breathe through his mouth, breathe through his nose. "On a child, breathe through both
his nose and mouth.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

Step 1: Place your hand on the carotid artery to check whether the victim is breathing.
Step 2: Kneel by the side of the victim. Move your hand down the sternum (breast bone) to locate the correct
position for the hands.
Step 3: Clasp your palms and place them on the above located position as shown in the picture.
Step 4: Keeping your elbows straight, press down firmly about 3 inches into the victim's chest.
Step 5: Lean back, release the pressure on the chest.

67

FAINTING
Probably we have all seen someone faint and left rather incapable of helping. Why do people faint?
Many things will cause it, such as tiredness, want of food, and over crowded and therefore airless room,
sudden anxiety and bad news. The heart suddenly gets a shock and does not function properly. The person
feels giddy; turns pale, and falls.
If someone turns pale like that and sways, make her sit down and push her head between her knees, the
blood will rush to the head and will bring her round quickly. If she actually falls, lay her flat, loosen the clothes,
round the neck and waist, give plenty of fresh air, give stimulants to the conscious patient. When unconscious,
avoid giving anything as it may go down the wind pipe and choke her.

CHOKING: Choking may be caused by crumbs or any other slight irritation in the throat, or it may be more
dangerous when a solid object, such as a fishbone or meat, obstruct the wind pipe.
If it is slight obstruction, eating pellets of bread, or taking slow sips of water, or even giving a smart pat on the
back of between the shoulders may quite quickly result in removing the object and clearing the throat. It is
important to loosen anything round the neck or waist, and give the patient fresh air. On no account allow the
guides to THUMP the patient on the back. If a fish bone has been the reason for choking give a teaspoonful of
vinegar to sip. The vinegar contracts the lining of the throat and so draws it away from the bone, which can
then be seen and removed. If anything large is obstructing the windpipe, do not encourage any interference
but IMMEDIATELY send for the DOCTOR. In the meantime, first covering your hand with cloth, put your first
finger into the throat and try to hook out the obstructing object. Another device is to try to make the patient
vomit by pressing down to the root of the tongue. With very small children it is sometime possible to remove
the object by quickly turning the child upside down and then a sharp slap between the shoulders will probably
cause the obstructing matter to fall out.

Try abdominal thrust (Heimlich's method) Stand

behind him, make a fist on your right hand, place
below his diaphragm and place your left hand on
your right fist and press inwards and upwards for 4
to 5 times. This will expel the choking object.
Correct position is important. If not successful, send
for medical aid.

HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND APPLY FIRST AID TO FRACTURED ARM, FORE ARM BONE, LEG BONE AND COLLAR
BONE

Signs of Fracture:
1. Pain at the place. ;
2. Weakness (Physical)
3. Swelling in the part

68

4. Change in the appearance of the fractured part (Deformity)

5. Displacement of the Bones (Irregularity)
6. Un-natural mobility of the limbs
7. Crepitus or bone grating (This should be avoided)

In all the cases send for a doctor first or rush the patient to the doctor soon after first aid.
Bleeding if any should be stopped immediately as priority Number 1.

(a) FRACTURED ARM: The arm can be fractured at three places:

I. NEAR THE SHOULDER: Use a broad bandage for covering the shoulder and the fractured place. Take the
bandage through the armpit and tie it on the other shoulder. Put the arm in a small arm sling.

II. MIDDLE OF THE ARM: (i) Put the arm in a small arm sling, (ii) Use three splints, one on the arm, one under
the arm, and one below the outer side of the arm. Bandage them with two bandages on top and below the
fractured part. In case the splints are not available and improvisation is not possible. Then tie the arm with the
body with the broad bandage.

III. FRACTURE NEAR ELBOW:
1. Generally there is much swelling and it is difficult to find out actual fractured part.
2. Take two splints, set them together and put them below the arm, tie them with three bandages (a) Round
the arm (b) Round the forearm; and (c) on the hand and wrist, tie the. Bandage in the form of figure of eight
3. Put the arm in a small arm sling and use cold compress to reduce the swelling.

FRACTURED FOREARMS:
1. Keep the hand on the chest so that the fingers are on the top and the palm towards the chest.
2. Take two splints and apply them on both sides of the forearm and tie them with bandages. One of them
above the hurt place and the other should be bound round the wrist and then end in the figure of eight round
the hand and wrist.
3. Put the arm in the large arm sling.

FRACTURE OF COLLAR BONE:
In case of the fracture of the collar bone, the fractured part becomes useless. In case of fracture of both the
collar bones:
1. Take two narrow bandages and hang them with the loop on both the shoulders. Tighten them at the back
with the third bandage.
2. Both the hands should be put in the form of X and attach with.
3. Take broad bandage and tie it tight round both Elbows.

MAPPING

Map reading, knowledge of scale, conventional signs, contours and Grid reference. Be able to read a tourist
map or survey of India map and follow a given route to lead a person.

WHAT IS MAP: It is pictorial representation of ground reality on a flat piece of paper showing everything that
is of special importance to that area. It is, of course, very much reduced in size. In some maps one mile on the
ground is represented by one inch.

69

AIM OF MAP READING: The aim of map reading is to give as much of clear and accurate information as
possible. Visualization of the ground, and to provide instruction in the use and making of field sketches.

READING OF MAP: Map reading is not an indoor subject to be studied in class room. It is essential to study
and learn it on the ground. We must remember that a map is our friend which shares all outdoor pursuits, and
constant companionship with it will strengthen the friendship like expressing in shorthand. Maps have their
own language in which the whole art of map reading lies.

REPRESENTATION: There are many natural and man made features on ground which must be shown on a
map. It is very difficult to show all these objects in their actual shape on a map. To get over this the ground
features are shown with the aid of symbols which are called CONVENTIONAL SIGNS.

70

To make them easy for recognition these objects are shown in different colours. BLUE colour is used for
different types of perennial water features, Roads, tracks and buildings are shown in RED colour. Cultivated
land is shown in YELLOW. Except the prominent surveyed tree which is drawn in BLACK, all different types of
vegetation are shown in Green colour, Rest of the details such as railway lines, telegraph lines and political
boundaries etc. and other items of information are shown in BLACK. This must be remembered that the
conventional signs of small details are not drawn to the scale on a map. Every map has an explanatory table of
conventional signs.

HEIGHTS: The chief difficulty by a map maker is that of representing hills and mountains, which are known as
relief, on a flat surface. Many methods have been adopted to-show relief but CONTOUR METHOD is the best
of them for representing high and low ground, Contour lines join all places of the same height.

REFERENCES: The surveyor has used a system of GRID for references so that points on map can be easily be
identified and transmitted orally or in writing.

DISTANCE: The size of the country and the size of the paper are not the same. They have some proportion
between them, and this proportion is known as the SCALE of the map. Distance between two points can be
measured with the scale. Every map has a scale for this purpose.

DIRECTION: The mapmaker indicates the North towards the top heading of the map so that the map reader
can turn this map to agree with the actual ground by a process which is known as SETTING a map. He has also
noted on the map the angle between the true north and the magnetic north which is known as Magnetic
north, which is known as MAGNETIC VARIATION, and the angle between the true North and the grid north as
well which is known as ANGLE of convergence

CONTOURS: Contours may be shown practically in many ways. A plaster model is the best and the most useful
aid to learn them. For simple demonstrations choose a knobby potato and slice it longitudinally at suitable
intervals. Each layer may then be slice off in succession.

GRID REFERENCES: (The grid system)
This is a system, used by the Ordinance Survey, which has been designed for easy map reference. Imagine that
you are a guide, and that I am planning for you and the other guides in the patrol to meet on a hike. Instead of
sending you a sketch map, how to get to the meeting place. I might send you a postcard saying Meet 735922
map, 11 a.m. Saturday 10th August. You would get the appropriate map, discover the meeting place from the
reference, and make your plans accordingly.
How to read References: Look at your map, and you will see that it is divided all over in to squares, and that
the lines forming the squares are each numbered in the margins. These numbers do not begin and end on
your map, because they are part of a much bigger plan, and the position your map takes in the bigger plan is
shown in the margin of the map. To read a reference such as the above you, "Walk along the passage and up
the stairs." In other words, you read the figures along the bottom of the map first, and then those up the
sides. Those along the bottom refer to the vertical lines, and are called 'eastings'; those up the sides refer to
the horizontal lines and are called 'northings'.
The following figure will give you practice in reading references. It includes the reference for the meeting
place of your Guides, 735922.73 is the number of the vertical line. 5 refers to the number of tenths between
this vertical line and the next. It could be written 73.5 but for the sake of speed the point is always omitted.
Run your finger along the bottom edge of the map from left to right until you come to the line numbered 73,
and then on halfway to the next vertical line 74. Keeping the finger on this point, run your other hand up the

71

map sheet from there until you come to the horizontal line numbered 92. The second 2 again refers to the
distance between this line and the next horizontal line, this time it is two tenths. This brings you to the exact
point described in your reference. The reference is written as a six figure reference as given below, and you
will remember that the first three figures, refer to the eastings and the last three to the northings. Now check
your answers.

Conclusion: It is fun in working out these ideas, full of interest for those who have the will and the ability to
explore the unknown. It is a challenge to our intelligence to master the art of map reading, but it is more than
that. It may well be the start of our adventure in, and it is certainly one of the ways that as guides, should be
prepared to help others by our knowledge and skill.

PIONEERING
(i) The use of KNIVES, HAND AXES and their safety rules:

KNIFE:
1. Catch the knife by the handle with your full control.
2. Pressure should be outside and not on your side.
3. When handling over the knife to some other person see that you hand it over with blade on your side and
the handle towards the other person's side.
4. When not using, keep the knife in a leather case or if folding knife then fold it.

HAND AXE:
The hand axe should weigh about 750 grams. The handle should be 50 to 55 cm. long.
1. Keep its blade shaip.
2. Do not let the handle of the axe break or get loose.
3. Save the axe from mud and dust.
4. Do not cut trees with the axe.
5. Do not misuse the axe.
6. Clean the whole place and then start cutting with the axe.
7. Do not allow any body to stand within 3 or 4 metres when you are cutting with the axe.
8. Stop cutting when you are tired, otherwise the axe may prove dangerous.
9. Don't keep your foot on the wood,which you are cutting.
10.When not using, keep the axe, put it on your shoulder, or in the pouch on your belt.

(ii) Build two simple patrol Pioneering Projects and demonstrate their uses:

PARTICIPATE IN AN OVERNIGHT CAMP OF THE COMPANY

PLANNING : For an over night company camp discuss the following points and decide.
Where do you go? When? and how?
What to take? How long will it take to get there? and how to go?
What to do soon after arrival? Plan for a well balanced meal.
Plan for the making of camp, including shelter equipment and food arrangement.
Plan personal equipment.

72

All the camp craft skills will be put to a test on an overnight camp. Keep in touch with the Local District
Association to find out about the place. Take care of the company necessities like cooking place, food storage
place, shelters for night, latrine and washing places, Divide the jobs among those who work for the camp as a
whole, and those that each camper does for herself.
Baden Powell was vitally aware of what the out of doors, and particularly camping, would do for guides in the
Foreword of P.O. & R written in 1916, he said, "it is a jolly game largely played in the out of doors, where
guiders and guides can go adventuring together as older and younger sister, picking up health and happiness,
handicraft, and helpfulness through camping and hiking and the study of nature". A company that camps is
surely set on solid and firm foundations.
Three things are most important for a camper. A camper should have normal health, a liking for the out doors
and a sense of humour. Camping is a unique opportunity to develop the mind and soul.

UNDERTAKE WITH ANOTHER GUIDE CYCLE HIKE FOR TEN K.M. OR HIKE ON FOOT
FOR SIX KM AND SUBMIT A REPORT TO THE GUIDE CAPTAIN WITHIN TEN DAYS.

CYCLE HIKE: Show that she can do these things with her bicycle... start, stop, use break, to control speed,
balance easily. Ride at slow speed, Circle and give proper signals.
With your patrol/ company plan a cycle hike. Know and follow traffic and be able to mind a puncture, know
the parts of your cycle and how to check for safety and know how to chain and lock cycle for safe keeping.
After knowing the above details one can easily undertake cycle hike.

FOOT HIKE: Hiking is a journey on foot? Hiking is an integral and actual part of the company's annual
programme. Every season is a hiking season. The guide captain must find out who can go for a hike?, the kind
of place? What to prepare? Finance? Food and First Aid? before sending the patrol. There will be difficulties
on the way, but the guides learn to take the hardship.
Each hike is planned afresh considering the immediate, needs and interests of the guides in mind. A good hiker
takes care of her feet first and makes sure of the proper shoes. Do not encourage the guides to wear chappals
or high heeled shoes.
When you go walking walk on footpath, break up into two's and three's and don't spread out so that people
coming from the opposite direction cannot get by.
At cross walks, wait together for a light to change or for a chance to cross. At night, wear something white I
like an arm band or carry a flash light. Leave things as you find them and get permission to go on private
property. If one person is hurt, and another goes for help, leave the hurt person as warm and comfortable as
possible.
Don't try everything at once, go in stages, start in by looking, admiring, protecting. Nature is all around and all
the way through.

COOKING

You have already learned and enjoyed cooking. Now with your experience practice preparing menu, and
cooking for four persons.


PLAN AND PARTICIPATE IN A PATROL EXPEDITION:
Follow the basics from foot hike and camping Planning and preparing for an expedition is very essential.
Going for patrol expedition means to discover some of the secrets of nature- on your own.

73

Ideas to try on an expedition:
Make a list of the different places where you find wild life.
Identify migrating birds
Explore stream / pond and make a plaster cast of animal tracks.
Know how to recognize and avoid poisonous plants, and know what to do if you brush against them.

Look at the plants but do not pluck them. They will not last long and other people cannot enjoy them as you
did. There are changes every month, every week and every day. Use your eyes, your ears, your touch when
you explore. Wherever you go, whatever you do, Mother nature has many treasures in store. If you are
interested, curious and imaginative you can learn a lot.

COMPANY NIGHT GAME:

"No matter the kind of weather, the place or time of day. For game is a game for a ever that all of us can play".
The Chief gave us a game, an exciting, challenging, sometimes exasperating but always rewarding game where
adults have the privilege of playing with the guides in your companies. By playing in the company the guides
will have lots of fun, to practice their skills, to give opportunities for leadership, practice in passing on
instructions and to give the whole company practice in listening and to carry out the instructions.

Few hints to prepare a night game:

* Is the weather, number playing and the place suitable?
* Is it suitable for the company age group?
* How long will it take?
* Is all the needed equipment available?
* Does it have purpose?
*Understand the night game thoroughly and put it in black and white. Think it thoroughly and be prepared for
all eventualities.
* Explain it clearly and introduce it well. Pay close attention when the game is played.
* Be prepared to adapt and alter the game if necessary.
* Have a good team of helpers for conducting the night game.
* When you come to the end of the programme ask yourselves.
(a) Did the guides enjoy it?
(b) Did the game go off as per the planned programme?
(c) Could it have been improved in anyway?

QUALIFY FOR ANY TWO OF THE FOLLOWING PROFICIENCY BADGES (ONE FROM
EACH GROUP):
GROUP A.
(1) Civil Defence, (2) Pioneer (3) Community Worker, (4) World Conservation, (5) Safety, (6) Self Defence
GROUP B
(1) Book Binder, (2) Citizen (3) Naturalist, (4) Path Finder
For details refer APRO III

SERVE AS TRITYA SOPAN GUIDE FOR AT LEAST 9 MONTHS

74

10. RAJYA PURASKAR

(GOVERNORS AWARD)

TESTS FOR THE RAJYA PURASKAR

1. Hold Tritiya Sopan Badge and earn any two of the Proficiency Badges from among the given below not
earned earlier.
(i) Child Nurse
(ii) Community worker
(iii) Ecologist
(iv) Leprosy control
(v) Literacy
(vi) Sanitation Promoter

(2) Earn any one of the Proficiency Badges from each of the two groups.
Group A: Camper, Signaler, Electronics and Tailor
Group B: Public Health, Sick Nurse, Health, Nutrition Educator.
The details for these Badges are given in the APRO-III

Note:
(i) This award including the badge shall be the property of the State Association and shall be surrendered on
demand of appropriate authority.

(ii) Rajya Puraskar is awarded by the Governor/Patron of the State Association.
The Rajya Puraskar Badge consists of the Emblem of the Bharat Scouts and Guides at the bottom, the Ashoka
Chakra at the top; and the word 'SEVA' in Devanagiri script in the centre surrounded by a laurel.
The badge is issued on the basis of certificate issued by independent examiners appointed by the Local/
District Badge Commitee.

(iii) Guide who has already earned the qualifying badges will have to attend Rajya Puraskar Testing Camp
organized by the State Association under the supervision of the State Organizing Commissioner Guide where
the knowledge and skills of the Guides will be retested. After being qualified in the Testing camp the Guide will
be eligible for the award of Rajya Puraskar Badge and certificate.

(iv)The Rajya Puraskar Badge shall be worn in place of Tritya Sopan Badge.

(v) The State Chief Commissioner who is the final authority to grant Rajya Puraskar Badge shall issue, from
time to time, suitable directives in respect of Badges, tests and ensure, the adequacy of knowledge and skills
upto Tritiya Sopan.

75

11. RASHTRAPATI GUIDE

AWARD (PRESIDENTS AWARD)
(i) The President of the Indian Union who is the Chief Patron of the Bharat Scouts and Guides, has been
graciously pleased to authorize the issue of a special certificate to a Guide who earns the Rashtrapati award
and has completed 14 years of age, after serving as a Rajya Puraskar Guide for at least one year.
(ii) The Guide Captain who is advanced trained shall inform the National Headquarters, through proper
channel, on a Registration form available from the State Headquarters, that the Rajya Puraskar Guide is
preparing for Rashtrapati Guide Award. The Guide shall record her attainments for Rashtrapati Guide Award
on the said form and submit the same to the National Headquarters through proper channel.
(iii) The Rashtrapati Guide Award Certificates are presented at a formal ceremony by the President of India on
the advice from the National Commissioner.
(iv) The National Commissioner who is the final authority to grant Rashtrapati Guide Award shall issue from
time to time suitable directions in respect of badge, tests, service etc. and ensure the adequacy of knowledge
and skills upto Tritya Sopan and Rajya Puraskar badge.
(v) The Rashtrapati Guide Award shall be worn on the left sleeve below the Ambulance badge, surrounded by
Proficiency Badge which qualify for the same.

TESTS FOR RASHTRAPATI GUIDE AWARD
1. Hold Rajya Puruskar
2. Camping:
(1) Camp for at least three nights consequently with her Company /Patrol or with another guide in the open,
Organized gathering like Rallies Jamborees etc. are not to be counted for it.
(ii) Know the uses of the following handsaw, chopper, hammer, hand axe, knife and wedges.
(iii) Be able to improvise either a shelter or a hut or a machan with available natural material for two persons
to sleep in
(3) Hold Ambulance Badge.
Ambulance
(Red cross on blue ground with green ring)
To be worn on both shoulders, below the seam.
(1) Be able to answer questions from Dwitiya and Tritiya Sopan Tests for First Aid.
(2) Know how to deal with bleeding-major and minor
(3) Diagnose and bind a broken limb.
(4) Know how to deal with choking by Heimlichs maneuver.
(5) Demonstrate mouth to mouth resuscitation
(6) Demonstrate how to improvise a stretcher, and apply a roller bandage.
(7) Demonstrate how to send a correct message, verbal written or by telephone.
(8) Demonstrate two methods of carrying a casualty with one first aider and two more methods of carrying a
casualty when there are two first aiders.
(9) Qualify for any two of the following Proficiency Badges, one from each group not earned earlier.
Group A: (i) Basket Worker (ii) Electronics (hi) Entertainer (iv) Musician (v) Tailor
Group B: (i) Home Maker, (ii) Journalist (iii) Pathfinder (iv) Rural Worker

76