Yimin Math Centre

4 Unit Math Homework for Year 12 (Worked Answers)

Grade:

Date:

Score:

nt
re

Student Name:

Topic 2 Complex Numbers (Part 1)

1
1

1.1.1

The Structure of the Complex Number System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.2

Operations +, , and on Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.3

Complex Conjugates and Reciprocals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.4

Real and Imaginary Parts of a Complex Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.5

Equality of Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.6

Solving Quadratic Equations with Real Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

at

The Arithmetic of Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

in

1.1

Yi
m

Ce

Table of contents

1.1.7

Square Roots of Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.8

Solving Quadratic Equations with Complex Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2

Practical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

1.3

Past HSC Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

This edition was printed on June 17, 2013.

Camera ready copy was prepared with the LATEX2e typesetting system.
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4 Unit Math Homework for Year 12

Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 1 of 19

Topic 2 Complex Numbers (Part 1)

1.1
1.1.1

The Arithmetic of Complex Numbers

The Structure of the Complex Number System
Definition: Consider the set C of numbers of the form a + bi
Where a and b are real, i2 = 1
a is a real part, bi is an imaginary part.

Example 1.1.1 Find the sum and product of 2 + 3i and 3 + 5i.

nt
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1. (2 + 3i) + (3 + 5i).
Solution:

(2 + 3i) + (3 + 5i) = 2 + 3 + 3i + 5i

Ce

= 5 + 8i.

2. (2 + 3i) (3 + 5i)
Solution:

at

(2 + 3i) (3 + 5i) = 6 + 10i + 9i + 15i2

= 9 + 19i.

in

= 6 + 19i 15

Yi
m

Exercise 1.1.1 Find the sum and product of 2 5i and 1 + 3i

1. (2 5i) + (1 + 3i)
Solution:

(2 5i) + (1 + 3i) = 2 + 1 5i + 3i
= 3 2i.

2. (2 5i) (1 + 3i)
Solution:

(2 5i) (1 + 3i) = 2 + 6i 5i 15i2

= 2 + i + 15
= 17 + i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.2

Page 2 of 19

Operations +, , and on Complex Numbers

Addition: (a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + i(b + d)
Subtraction: (a + bi) (c + di) = (a c) + i(b d)
Multiplication: (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + cbi + bdi2
= (ac bd) + i(ad + bc)
(a+bi)(cdi)
(ac+bd)+i(bcad)
a+bi
.
Division: c+di = (c+di)(cdi) =
c2 +d2

Exercise 1.1.2 z1 = 2 + 3i and z2 = 1 2i. Evaluate the following:

Solution:

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1. z1 + z2

z1 + z2 = (2 + 3i) + (1 2i)

Ce

= 3 + i.

2. z1 z2
Solution:

at

z1 z2 = (2 + 3i) (1 2i)

= 1 + 5i.

Yi
m

in

3. z1 z2
Solution:

z1 z2 = (2 + 3i) (1 2i)
= 2 4i + 3i 6i2
= 8 i.

4. z12
Solution:

z12 = (2 + 3i)2
= 4 + 2 2 3i + 9i2
= 4 + 12i 9
= 5 + 12i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.3

Page 3 of 19

Complex Conjugates and Reciprocals

Definition: The symbol Z denotes the complex conjugate of Z.
For example: Z = 2 + 3i, Z = 2 3i.
The product of complex conjugates is real.
For example: (2 + 3i)(2 3i) = 4 (9) = 13.

The modulus of a complex number Z is denoted |Z| = |a + ib| = a2 + b2 .

For example: |3 + 4i| = 32 + 42 = 25 = 5.

The reciprocal of the complex number Z is equal to its conjugate Z, divided
by the square of the modulus of the complex numbers Z.
The reciprocal of i is its own conjugate i.

nt
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Example 1.1.2 Find the reciprocal of 3 4i

1
1 (3 + 4i)
=
3 4i
(3 4i) (3 + 4i)
3 + 4i
=
9 + 16
3
4
=
+ i
25 25

at

Ce

Solution:

1
Z1

2.

1
Z2

Solution:

3.

4 2i
4 2i
4
2
1
1
1
=
=
=
i= i
4 + 2i
(4 + 2i)(4 2i)
16 + 4
20 20
5 10

Yi
m

Solution:

in

1.

Exercise 1.1.3 If Z1 = 4 + 2i and Z2 = 3 5i. Evaluate:

1
3 + 5i
=
3 5i
(3 5i)(3 + 5i)
3 + 5i
=
9 + 25
3
5
=
+ i
34 34

1
Z12

Solution:

1
1
1
12 16i
=
=
=
2
(4 + 2i)
16 + 16i 4
12 + 16i
(12 + 16i)(12 16i)
12 16i
3
1
=
=
i
400
100 25

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 4 of 19

Exercise 1.1.4 z1 = 1 + 2i and z2 = 2 3i Evaluate:

1. z1 z2

Solution: (1 + 2i)(2 3i) = 2 3i + 4i 6i2 = 8 + i

2. z1 z1

5.

1
1+2i

Solution:

1
(23i)2

12i
(1+2i)(12i)

12i
5

1
5

52 i

Ce

Solution:

at

1
z22

1
412i+9i2

1
512i

5+12i
(512i)(5+12i)

5+12i
169

5
= 169
+

12
i
169

in

4.

1
z1

z1
z2

Yi
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3.

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Solution: (1 + 2i)(1 2i) = 12 (2i)2 = 1 (4) = 5

Solution:

1+2i
23i

(1+2i)(2+3i)
(23i)(2+3i)

Exercise 1.1.5 z = 2 + 3i, Use

Solution:

1
z

2+3i+4i6
4+9

z
z.z

to find

1
Z

4+7i
13

4
= 13
+

7
i
13

in the form a + ib, a, b R.

1
2 3i
=
2 + 3i
(2 + 3i)(2 3i)
2 3i
=
4+9
2
3
= i.
13 13

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.4

Page 5 of 19

Real and Imaginary Parts of a Complex Number

Definition: If z C, then z can be written in the form z = x + iy, x, y R
The real part of z denoted Rez and the imaginary part of z, denoted by Im z.

Example 1.1.3 Z1 = 1 + 2i, Z2 = 2 i. Find:

1. Re (z1 + z2 )

Solution: z1 + z2 = 3 + i, Re(z1 + z2 ) = 3

nt
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2. Im (z1 z2 )

Ce

Solution: z1 z2 = (1 + 2i)(2 i) = 2 i + 2i 2i2 = 4 + i, Im (z1 z2 ) = 1

Exercise 1.1.6

at

1. Find z C such that Re z = 2 and z 2 is imaginary.

Yi
m

in

Solution: Rez = 2, z = 2 + iy , and z 2 = (4 y 2 ) + i(4y), y R.

z 2 imaginary 4 y 2 = 0 y = 2,
z = 2 + 2i or z = 2 2i

2. Find z C such that Im z = 2 and z 2 is real.

Solution: Im z = 2 z = x + 2i, and z 2 = (x2 4) + i(4x), x R

z 2 real 4x = 0 x = 0, z = 2i.

3. Find z C such that Re z = 2Im z, and z 2 4i is real.

Solution: Re z = 2Im z z = 2y + yi,
and z 2 4i = (2y + yi)2 4i = 4y 2 + 4y 2 i + y 2 i2 4i = 3y 2 + (4y 2 4)i, y R
z 2 4i is real 4y 2 4 = 0, y = 1
z = (2 + i).

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.5

Page 6 of 19

Equality of Complex Numbers

Definition: If a + bi = c + id, a, b, cd R then
(
(a c) + i(b d) = 0

a c = Re 0 = 0
b d = Im 0 = 0

a=c
b=d

Example 1.1.4 Find the real a and b such that x3 x + 2 = (x2 + 1)Q(x) = ai + b, for all x.

Exercise 1.1.7
1+7i
2i

= a + bi, a, b R. Evaluate ab.

= (1+7i)(2+i)
= 1 + 3i
5
Equating real and imaginary parts: a = 1 and b = 3
ab = (1)(3) = 3.
1+7i
2i

Yi
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in

Solution:

at

1. Given

Ce

nt
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Solution: Substituting x = i, i i + 2 = 0 + ai + b (since i2 = 1)

2 2i = b + ai, a b R
b = 2 and a = 2.

2. If z1 = 2 i, z2 = 1 3i. Find Im( zi1 +

Solution:

i
+ z52 = 2i
+ 13i
=
5
Im( zi1 + z52 ) = 15 .
i
z1

i(2+i)
5

z2
)
5

13i
5

= 15 i.

3. Given z = i2 (1 + i). Find Re(z).

Solution: z = i2 (1 + i) = 1(1 + i) = 1 i
Re(z) = 1.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.6

Page 7 of 19

Solving Quadratic Equations with Real Coefficients

Definition: Given a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, its solution are x = b 2ab 4ac .
To allow solution to exist for all values of a, b and c,

then we need to introduce the new number: i = 1; ie. i2 = 1

Every negative real number has two complex square roots.
For example: 4 = 4i2 has square roots 2i and 2i.
; product of roots: x1 x2 = ac .
Sum of two roots: x1 + x2 = b
a

Ce

Solution: = b2 4ac = (2)2 4 1 3 = 8 = 8i2

x = b2a = 222 2i = 1 2i.

nt
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Example 1.1.5 Solve x2 2x + 3 = 0.

Exercise 1.1.8 Solve the following quadratic equations:

at

1. x2 + x + 1 = 0

Yi
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2. 2x2 4x + 3 = 0

in

Solution: Find : = b2 4ac = 12 4(1)(1) = 3 = 3i2

x1,2 = 12 3 = 12 23 .

Solution: = b2 4ac = (4)2 4(2)(3) = 8 = 8i2

x1,2 = b2a = 424 2i = 1 22 i

x = 1 + 22 i or 1 22 i.

Exercise 1.1.9 3 + 2i is one root of x2 + bx + c = 0 where b, c R. Find the value of b and c.

Solution: a, b and c are real, 3 2i is the other root of x2 + bx + c = 0
c = (3 + 2i)(3 2i) and b = (3 + 2i) + (3 2i)
c = 9 + 4 = 13 and b = 6.
(Note: sum of two roots: b
; product of roots: ac )
a

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.7

Page 8 of 19

Square Roots of Complex Numbers

Definition: In general, to find the square root of a + ib, a, b R, b 6= 0
We solve z 2 = a + ib, where z = x + iy, x, y R

Example 1.1.6 Given z 2 = 3 + 4i. Find z.

Ce

nt
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Solution: Let z = x + iy, x, y R.

Then (x + iy)2 = 3 + 4i, , (x2 (y 2 ) + (2xy)i = 3 + 4i
x2 y 2 = 3 . . . (1)
Equating real and imaginary parts:
2xy = 4 . . .
(2)
4
2 2
2
2 2
x x y = 3x and x y = 4
Then x4 3x2 4 = 0, (x2 4)(x2 + 1) = 0, x R
x = 2, y = 1, z = 2 + i or x = 1, y = 1, z = 2 i.
Hence 3 + 4i has two square roots 2 + i and 2 i.

Exercise 1.1.10 Find the square roots of the following complex numbers:

1. 25

at

Solution: 25 = 25i2 , 25 has square roots 5i and 5i.

in

2. i

Yi
m

Solution: Let (x + yi)2 = i, x, y, R. Then (x2 y 2 ) + i(2xy) = i

Equating real and imaginary parts, x2 y 2 = 0 and 2xy = 1.
x2 4x12 = 0 4x4 1 = 0 (2x2 1)(2x2 + 1) = 0
x real x = 12 , y = 12 or x = 12 , y = 12
i has seuare roots 12 + i 12 , 12 i 12 .

3. 4 3i
Solution: Let (x + yi)2 = 4 3i, x, y R. Then (x2 y 2 ) + i(2xy) = 4 3i
Equating real and imaginary parts, x2 y 2 = 4 and 2xy = 3
x2 4x92 = 4 4x4 16x2 9 = 0

x real x = 32 , y = 22 or x = 32 , y = 22
Hence 4 3i has square roots

3
2

2
2

and 32 + i

2
.
2

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.1.8

Page 9 of 19

Solving Quadratic Equations with Complex Coefficients

Example 1.1.7 Solve 2x2 + (1 + i)x + (1 i) = 0

Ce

Exercise 1.1.11 Solve the following quadratic equations:

nt
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Solution: Find : = b2 4ac = (1 i)2 8(1 i) = 8 + 6i

Find square roots of : Let (a + bi)2 = 8 + 6i, a, b R
Then (a2 b2 ) + (2ab)i = 8 + 6i
Equating real and imaginary parts, a2 b2 = 8 and 2ab = 6
Now we have a2 a92 = 8, a4 + 8a2 9 = 0 (a2 + 9)(a2 1) = 0
a real a = 1, b = 3 or a = 1, b = 3.
Hence has square roots 1 + 3i and 1 3i

Use the quadratic formula: x1,2 = b2a = (1+i)(1+3i)

4
1
1
x = 2 i or x = 2 i.

1. 4x2 4(1 + 2i)x (3 4i) = 0.

1+2i
2

1
2

+i

Yi
m

in

at

Solution: Find : = b2 4ac = (4 8i)2 + 16(3 4i)

= 16 + 64i 64i2 + 48 64i
=0

=
Using the quadratic formula: x1,2 = b2a = 4(1+2i)
8
1
x = 2 + i.

2. ix2 2(1 + i)x + 10 = 0.

Solution: Find : = b2 4ac = (2 2i)2 40i = 4 + 8i + 4i2 40i = 32i

Find square roots of : Let (a + bi)2 = 32i, a, b, R
Then (a2 b2 ) + (2ab)i = 32i
Equating the real and imaginary parts: a2 b2 = 0 and 2ab = 32
Now we have a2 256
= 0, a2 = 16 a = 4
a2
a real a = 4, b = 4 or a = 4 b = 4
has square roots: 4 4i and 4 + 4i
Use the quadratic formula: x1,2 = 2(1+i)(44i)
= 1 3i and 3 + i.
2i
x = 1 3i or x = 3 + i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 10 of 19

Exercise 1.1.12 Given z1 = 2 i, z2 = 3 + 4i, z3 = 2i and z4 = 2, find:

1. z1 z2

Solution:

(2 i) (3 + 4i) = 2 i 3 4i
= 1 5i.

2. z2 z4

Solution:

nt
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(3 + 4i) 2 = 6 + 8i

Im[2 i 2(3 + 4i) + (2i)] = Im(2 i 6 8i 2i)

Solution:

Ce

3. Im(z1 2z2 + z3 ).

at

= Im(4 11i) = 11.

5. 4z1

Re[(2 + i)(2i)] = Re(4i + 2i2 )

Yi
m

Solution:

in

4. Re(z1 z3 )

= Re(2 + 4i) = 2.

2z2
z3

Solution:

4(2 i)

2(3 4i)
6 8i
= 8 4i
2i
2i
6
8i
= 8 4i +
2i 2i
6i
= 8 4i 2 + 4
2i
= 12 4i + 3i
= 12 i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 11 of 19

Exercise 1.1.13 Prove the following results about complex conjugates:

1. z1 + z2 = z1 + z2
Solution: Let z1 = a1 + b1 i and z2 = a2 + b2 i, a1 , a2 , b1 and b2 R.
Then z1 + z2 = (a1 + b1 i) + (a2 + b2 i)
= (a1 + a2 ) i(b1 + b2 )
= (a1 b1 i) + (a2 b2 i)
= z1 + z2 .

Ce

Solution: z1 z2 = (a1 a2 b1 b2 ) + i(a1 b2 + a2 b1 )

= (a1 a2 b1 b2 ) i(a1 b2 + a2 b1 )
= z1 .z2 .

nt
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2. z1 z2 = z1 .z2

Exercise 1.1.14

at

1. x2 + 6x + k = 0 has one root where Im() = 2. If k is real, find both roots of the equation
and the value of k.

Yi
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in

Solution: As Im() = 2, = x + 2i, x R

k is real = x 2i is the other root of x2 + 6x + k = 0
k = (x + 2i)(x 2i); (product of roots: ac )
)
and 6 = (x + 2i) + (x 2i); (sum of two roots: b
a
2
k = x + 4 and 6 = 2x, x = 3 and k = 13
the roots of the equation are: 3 2i.

2. 1 2i is one root of x2 (3 + i)x + k = 0. find k and the other root of the equation.

Solution: Let z be the other root of x2 (3 + i)x + k = 0.

Then 3 + i = (1 2i) + z.; (sum of two roots: b
)
a
z = (3 + i) (1 2i) = 2 + 3i.
k = (1 2i)z = (1 2i)(2 + 3i) = (2 + 6) + i(4 + 3) (product of roots: ac )
= 8 i;
k = 8 i and the other root is 2 + 3i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 12 of 19

Exercise 1.1.15 Given z1 = 3 + 4i, z2 = a + 6i and z3 = 3 + bi, find if any values of a and b exist
to allow for the following equations to hold:
1. z1 = z2

Solution: 3 + 4i = a + 6i, 3 + 4i 6i = a
a = 3 2i.

nt
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2. z1 = z3

Ce

Solution: 3 + 4i = 3 + bi, b = 4.

3. z2 = z3

at

Solution: a + 6i = 3 + bi, a = 3, b = 6.

in

4. Find a value of a and k, so that z1 = kz2 .

Yi
m

Solution: 3 + 4i = k(a + 6i), 3 + 4i = ak + 6ki

ak = 3, 6k = 4
k = 32 , and a = k3 = 4 21 .

Exercise 1.1.16 If z = a + ib, find expressions for a and b in terms of z and z.

Solution: z = a ib, z + z = (a + ib) + (a ib) = 2a
a = z+z
2
z z = a + ib (a ib) = a + ib a + ib = 2bi
b = zz
= i(zz)
.
2i
2

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.2

Page 13 of 19

Practical Exam Questions

Question 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 marks)
Given a+2i
= b + i, (a, b R). Find the value of a + b.
i
Solution: a = 1 and b = 2, a + b = 1 + 2 = 1.

Solution:

2
z

+ z2 =

2
1+i

+ (1 + i)2 = 1 i + 2i = 1 + i.

nt
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Question 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 marks)
If z = 1 + i, Evaluate z2 + z 2 .

Ce

Question 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11 marks)

Evaluate 3+2i
32i
.
23i
2+3i

32i
2+3i

=
=

(3+2i)(2+3i)
13
26i
= 2i.
13

(32i)(23i)
13

at

3+2i
23i

Solution:

in

Question 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 marks)
Given z1 = 4 + 29i, and z2 = 6 + 9i. Find the real part of (z1 z2 )i.

Yi
m

Solution: (z1 z2 )i = (2 + 20i)i

= 20 2i
the real part of (z1 z2 )i is -20.

Question 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2 marks)
Find the square roots of the complex number 5 + 12i.

Solution: Let (x + iy)2 = 5 + 12i, a, b R then (x2 y 2 ) + i(2xy) = 5 + 12i

Equating real and imaginary parts, x2 y 2 = 5 and 2xy = 12
x2 x362 = 5, x4 5x2 36 = 0, (x2 9)(x2 + 4) = 0
x real x = 3, y = 2 or x = 3, y = 2
the square roots of 5 + 12i are (3 + 2i).
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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 14 of 19

Question 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7 marks)
If complex number z satisfied z(1 + i) = 1 i. Find its conjugate z.

Solution: Let z = a + bi, then (a + bi)(1 + i) = 1 i

a b + (a + b)i = 1 i,
(
from

ab=1
a + b = 1

nt
re

We have a = 0 and b = 1 z = i, z = i.

Ce

Question 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6 marks)
If cubic function x3 + ax2 + bx 2 = 0 has a root equals to i, find the value of a and b.

at

Solution: Substitute f (i) = (i)3 + a(i)2 + bi 2 = 0

Now (a + 2) + (b 1)i = 0
a = 2, b = 1.

Question 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10 marks)

Given z = ln(m2 2m 2) + (m2 + 3m + 2)i. Find the possible values of m which satisfy the
following condition:

in

(a) z is an imaginary only;

ln(m2 2m 2) = 0

m2 + 3m + 2 6= 0

(m2 2m 2) > 0
m = 1 and m = 2.
m2 + 3m + 2 = 0

Yi
m

Solution: From

m2 2m 2 = 1
m = 3.
(m + 1)(m + 2) 6= 0

(b) z is real;

Solution: From

(c) z is on the second quadrant.

(

(
ln(m2 2m 2) < 0
0 < (m2 2m 2) < 1

Solution: From
m2 + 3m + 2 > 0
m2 + 3m + 2 > 0

1 < m < 1 3 or 1 + 3 < m < 3.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

1.3

Page 15 of 19

Past HSC Exam Questions

Question 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 marks)
Let z = 5 i.
(a) Find z 2 in the form x + iy.

[1]

Solution: z 2 = (5 i)2 = 25 10i + i2 = 24 10i.

(b) Find z + 2z in the form x + iy.

[1]

i
z

in the form x + iy.

i
z

i
5i

i(5+i)
(5i)(5+i)

5i+i2
25(1)

1
= 26
+

5
i.
24

at

Solution:

[2]

Ce

(c) Find

nt
re

Solution: z + 2z = (5 i) + 2 (5 + i) = 5 i + 10 + 2i = 15 + i.

Question 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 marks)
(a) Find all pairs of integers x and y such that (x + iy)2 = 3 4i

Yi
m

in

Solution: (x + iy)2 = 3 4i, x2 y 2 +

((2xy)i = 3 4i
x2 y 2 = 3 ...(1)
Equating real and imaginary parts:
x2
2xy = 4
...(2)
x4 + 3x2 4 = 0, (x2 + 4)(x2 1) = 0, x = 1, y = 2
x = 1, y = 2 or x = 1, y = 2.

[2]

4
x2

= 3

(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the quadratic equation z 2 3z + (3 + i) = 0

Solution: Using quadratic formula: z =

3 94(3+i)
z=
2

3 34i
=
2
or 3(1+2i)
= 3(12i)
2
2
= 2 i or 1 + i.

b
2a

and

= 1 2i or 1 + 2i from (a)

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[2]

Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 16 of 19

Question 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11 marks)

(a) Find integers a and b such that (x + 1)2 is a factors of x5 + 2x2 + ax + b.

[3]

0
4
Solution: Let P (x) = x5 + 2x2 + ax +
( b, P (x) = 5x + 4x + a
1a+b=0
P (1) = P 0 (1) = 0,
a = 1, b = 2.
1+1=0

(b) The equation z 2 + (1 + i)z + k = 0 has root 1 2i. Find the other root and the value k.

[3]

Ce

nt
re

Solution: One root is 1 2i, Let z = a + bi be other root.

Then the sum of two roots: z + (1 2i) = (1 + i)
z = 1 i (1 2i) = 2 + i
The product of two roots: (1 2i)(2 + i) = k, k = 5i
The other root is 2 + i and k = 5i.

[2]

(c) Find the values of real numbers a and b such that (a + ib)2 = 5 12i.

Yi
m

in

at

Solution: (a + ib)2 = 5 12i, (a2 b2 )(2ab)i

= 5 12i
(
2
a b2 = 5
Equating real and imaginary parts:
2ab = 12
4
2 2
2
4
2
a a b = 5a , a 5a 36 = 0,( (a2 + 4)(a(2 9) = 0
a=3
a = 3
a2 > 0 a2 = 9 , a = 3
or
b = 2
b=2

(d) Given that z = 1 + i and w = 3, find, in the form x = iy:

i. wz 2 ,

[1]

Solution: wz 2 = 3(1 + i)2 = 3(1 1 + 2i) = 6i.

ii.

z
.
z+w

Solution:

[2]
z
z+w

1+i
2i
= 2+i
2i
= (1+i)(2+i)
5
= 51 35 i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 17 of 19

Question 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4 marks)
Let z = 3 2i and u = 5 + 6i
(a) Find Im(uz)

[1]

Solution: uz = (5 + 6i)(3 2i) = 15 + 10i + 18i 12i2 = 3 + 28i2

Im(3 + 28i) = 28.

(b) Find |u z|
Solution: u z = 5 + 6i (3 2i) = 8 + 8i

|u z| = 64 + 64 = 128 = 8 2.

u
z

in the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

u
z

= 5+6i
3+2i
32i
3+2i
1510i+18i12
=
9+4
= 27+8i
13
27
8
= 13 + 13
i.

Yi
m

in

Solution:

[1]

(d) Express

at

Solution: 2iz 2i(3 2i) = 4 6i

4 6i = 4 + 6i.

[1]

Ce

(c) Find 2iz

nt
re

[1]

Question 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2 marks)
Let z = 2 + 3i and w = 1 + i. Find in the form x + iy, where x and y are real numbers.
(a) zw

[1]

Solution: zw = (2 + 3i)(1 + i) = 2 + 2i + 3i + 3i2 = 1 + 5i.

(b)

1
w

[1]
Solution:

1
w

1
1+i

1i
1i

1i
2

1
2

12 i.

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 18 of 19

Question 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7 marks)
(a) Let z = 1 + 2i and w = 1 + i. Find in the form x + iy, x, y R.
i. zw

[1]

Solution: zw = (1 + 2i)(1 i) = 1 i + 2i 2i2 = 3 + i.

ii.

1
.
z

[1]
1
z

1
12i

1+2i
1+2i

1+2i
.
5

nt
re

Solution:

(b) Let z = 1 + 2i and w = 3 i. Find, in the form x + iy,

i. zw

[1]

Ce

Solution: zw = (2 + 2i)(3 i) = 6 2i + 6i 2i2 = 8 + 4i.

.
10
z

[1]

10
12i
=
1+2i
12i


10
z = 2 + 4i.

1020i
5

= 2 4i

in

Solution:

10
z

at

ii.

Yi
m

(c) Let z = 3 + i and w = 2 5i. Find, in the form x + iy,

i. z 2

[1]

Solution: z 2 = (3 + i)(3 + i) = 9 + 3i + 3i + i2 = 8 + 6i.

ii. zw

[1]

Solution: zw = (3 i)(2 5i) = 6 5i 2i + 5i2 = 1 7i.

iii.

w
.
z

Solution:

[1]
w
z

25i
3+i

25i
3+i

3i
3i

62i15i+5i2
9+1

117i
.
10

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Year 12 Topic 1 Worked Answers

Page 19 of 19

Question 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6 marks)
(a) Let z = 3 + i and w = 1 i. Find, in the form x + iy,
i. 2z + iw

[1]

Solution: 2z + iw = 2(3 + i) + i(1 i) = 6 + 2i + i i2 = 7 + 3i.

ii. zw

[1]

6
.
w
6
w

6
1i

1+i
1+i

6+6i
2

= 3 + 3i.

Solution:

[1]

Ce

iii.

nt
re

Solution: zw = (3 i)(1 i) = 3 3i i + i2 = 2 4i.

at

(b) Given that 2 + i is a root of P (z) = z 3 + rz 2 + sz + 20, where r, s R.

[1]

i. State why 2 i is also a root of P (z).

Yi
m

in

Solution: Since P (z) is a polynomial with real coefficients (r, s are real ) and 2 + i
is a root of P (z), the complex conjugate of 2 + i, i.e. 2 i is also a root of (p(z).

ii. Factories P(z) over the real numbers.

Solution: Since P (z) is a polygonal of degree 3,
two of the roots of P (z) are 2 + i and 2 i, let the third root be .
Using the sum sand products of the roots of P (z) = 0
Then (2 + i) + (2 i) + = r, (1)
(2 + i) + (2 i) + (2 i)(2 r) = s, (2) and (2 + i)(2 i) = 20, (3)
From (3), (4 i)2 = 20 and = 4
P (z) = (z + 4)[z (2 + i)][z (2 i)]
= (z + 4)[z 2 (2 + i + 2 i)z + (4 i2 )] = (z + 4)(z 2 4z + 5)
over real numbers.

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[2]