Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QUALITA UTAMA
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
1 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
QU/RT/003
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
2 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION NO
TITLE
1.0.
SCOPE
2.0.
3.0.
4.0.
SAFETY
5.0.
EQUIPMENTS
6.0.
7.0.
SURFACE PREPARATION
8.0.
9.0.
10.0.
11.0.
12.0.
13.0.
14.0.
15.0.
EXTENT OF EXAMINATION
16.0.
REPORTING
17.0.
RE EXAMINATION
18.0.
ACCEPTENCE CRITERIA
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
1.0
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
3 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
SCOPE
1.1. This testing procedure describes the requirements, technique evaluation and
interpretation of radiographic testing on boilers and pressure vessels.
1.2. Specific testing parameter are detailed in the technique sheet.
2.0
3.0
4.0
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
PT. Qualita Utamas Company Written Practice No. QU-WP-0 Rev. 0 for NDT
Personnel Qualification and Certification.
The ASNT NDT RT Level III examiner shall be responsible for the initiation of this
procedure.
3.2
Radiographers and interpreters shall be qualified in accordance with the latest edition of
PT. Qualita Utamas written practice No. QU-WP-0 Rev. 0, NDT Personnel
Qualification and Certification.
3.3
Radiographers qualified to ASNT NDT RT Level I and under the supervision of the
ASNT NDT RT Level II and radiographers qualified to RT Level II may perform
radiographic testing
3.4
SAFETY
All radiographers and assistants shall abide to the safety requirements and rules at all times
when performing radiographic work or handling of radio isotopes.
This manual formed part of the employment condition for the employees. Client safety
procedure shall be followed in addition to the in-house safety manual.
5.0
EQUIPMENT
5.1
Generally the X-ray unit, Ir-192 and Se-75 Gamma ray system shall be used.
5.2
5.3
Small Control Area Radiography ( S.C.A.R ) system with Sentinel model 959 projector
including controls, pipe mounting jigs and shield Se-75 source with a maximum of 30
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
4 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
curie strength.
5.4
5.5
All personnel radiation safety devices shall be calibrated and in good working
condition. Record of dosage and calibration of devices shall be maintained and
available for inspection at all times.
5.6
Steel
Aluminum
Ir-192
6.0 to 65 mm
Radiographs shall be made using type AGFA D7 or equivalent films or as per Clients
specification..
6.2
All films shall be stored in a clean, dry place where they will not be subjected to :
6.2.1
Chemical vapors
6.2.2
6.2.3
Excess heat
6.2.4
Undue pressure
If there is any doubt regarding the condition of unexposed film, a film from each box
without exposure to light or radiation, shall be processed in the manner used to
production radiographs. If this processed films show a density of more than 0.3 H & D
the entire box shall be discarded.
6.3 The film processing dark room and all accessories shall be kept the manufacturer.
Processing details are stated in the technique sheets attached. Chemical preparation and
change out shall follow manufacturers recommendations.
6.4 Lead foil intensifying screens of thickness 0.005 (0.13 mm) shall be used to sandwich
the film, front and back and placed in leak proof cassettes for exposure.
Lead screens to be free of scratches, dust , dirt and moisture which may impair the
sensitivity of the film or induced false indication/image on processed films.
7.0
SURFACE PREPARATION
Surface of components to be radiographer shall satisfy the requirements of the applicable
material and fabrication specification, with additional conditioning, if necessary, by any
suitable process to a degree that surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with
discontinuities. All loose foreign particles on the test surface shall be removed.
8.0
9.0
10.0
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
5 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
To check for back scattered radiation, a (13 mm) high lead symbol B of thickness
1/16 (1.6 mm) is attached to the back of the film cassette.
If a light image of the B appears on a darker background of the radiograph, protection
from back scattered is insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable.
A dark image of the B on a lighter background is not cause of rejection. (ASME VArt.2-T-284)
8.2
9.2
The image of these data shall not appear in the image of the area of interest.
For flat component or weldment with reinforcement flush to the parent metal, lead
arrows or other suitable markers will be used to indicate the area of interest.
11.0
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
6 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
IQI. The Shim dimensions shall exceed the IQI dimensions and outline of at least three
sides of the IQI image shall be visible.
11.3 IQIs / penetrameters shall meet the requirements of ASME V, i.e. wire type (SE-747) or
hole type (SE-1025) see T233 Valid for Appendix 2
11.4 One IQI shall be used for 10 x 4 film and two IQI shall be used for 15 x 4 or larger
films.
11.5 IQI shall be placed at the least advantage position across the area of interest with
thinnest wire facing outward except when using panoramic technique).
The identification of the IQI shall not obscure the image of the area of interest.
11.6 Placement of IQIs
IQI shall be on the source side of the component being radiographed. If the source side
is inaccessible, the IQI may be placed on the film side for which letters F shall appear,
provided the radiographs sensitivity as stipulated in section 13.0 can be achieved. If
necessary, procedure qualification can be carried out on a test weld (having same
dimensions as the production weld) on which IQI s can be placed on both source and
film sides. When the source side IQI achieved the required sensitivity , the smallest
corresponding wire discernible on the film used for production radiography.
12.0
Material Thickness
Ug. Maximum
= Source size , the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or
focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the component
being radiographer.
D = Source to object distance.
13.0
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
7 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
= Thickness of component, assuming the film is intact with the component, plus
the space between the film and component. In double wall double image
technique on piping, the outside diameter shall be considered as it.
i.
ii.
iii. For double wall double image exposure, that IQI sensitivity shall be computed
based on double wall thickness . The IQI sensitivity shall be 3% or better.
13.5 Viewing room for radiographs shall be provided with subdued background lighting of
an intensity that will not cause shadow or glare on the radiographs. The viewer shall
have minimum 30,000 Lux of Light Intensity to properly illuminate radiographs with H
& D density of up 3.5 and adjustment of intensity will be incorporated.
13.6 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to the extent
that they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of
interest in the radiograph, such blemishes include but are not limited to :
14.0
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
8 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
i.
Fogging
ii.
iii.
iv.
15.0
EXTENT OF EXAMINATION
The extent of radiographic examination shall be as per Client or Authorized Inspector
request.
16.0
REPORTING
16.1 Interpretation of radiographs shall be reported on the standard radiographic report
format (see attached).
16.2 Accompanying the reports, radiographs of each component shall be presented to the
client in film folders with all the necessary information including result of
interpretation, printed name and signature, recorded on the outside for easy reference.
16.3 A copy of the radiographic report shall be keep and maintained by PT. Qualita Utama
for filing and record.
16.4 Client is responsible for maintaining and safekeeping of the reports and radiographs.
K
17.0
RE-EXAMINATION
17.1 An item showing unacceptable defects ,when repaired, shall be re-examined using the
same RT technique as originally used.
18.0
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
18.1 ASME B31.1 Power Piping 2007 Paragraph 136.4.5
Welds that are shown by radiography to have any of the following types of discontinuities are
unacceptable :
a.
b.
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
9 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
b.3 (19.0 mm) for t over 2 (57 mm) where t is the thickness of
the thinner portion of the weld
c.
Any group of indications in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of
12t, except where the distance between the successive indications exceed 6L where L is
the longest indication in the group
d.
Porosity in excess of that shown as acceptable in Appendix A-250 of ASME BPV Section
I, 2007 Edition and Addenda 2009
e.
Root concavity when there is an abrupt change in density, as indicated on the radiograph.
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
10 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 1
Exposure
Technique
Radiograph
Viewing
Source-Weld-Film Arrangement
End View
Side View
IQI
Selection
Placement
Location
Marker
Placement
Exposure Arrangement A
FILM
Single
Wall
T-271.1
Any
Single
Wall
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
Either
Side
T-275.3
T-275.1(c)
Exposure Arrangement B
Single
Wall
T-271.1
Any
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
X
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Single
Wall
Film
Side
T-275.1
(b)(1)
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
Single
Wall
T-271.1
Any
Single
Wall
FILM
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Source
Side
T-275.1
(a)(3)
FILM
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
11 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 1
Double Wall Radiographic Techniques (Continued)
Pipe
O.D.
Exposure
Technique
Radiograph
Viewing
Source-Weld-Film Arrangement
End View
IQI
Side View
Selection
Placement
Location
Marker
Placement
Exposure Arrangement D
Any
Double
Wall
T271.2(a)
at Least 3
Exposures
120 to Each
Other
for
Complete
Coverage
X
X
X
X
Single
Wall
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Film
Side
T-275.1
(b)(1)
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
Any
Double
Wall
T271.2(a)
at Least 3
Exposures
120 to Each
Other
for
Complete
Coverage
X
X
X
X
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Single
Wall
Film
Side
T-275.1
(b)(1)
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
X
Double
Wall
T-271.2
3 in.
(b)(1)
(88.9mm) at Least 2
or
Exposures
Less
at 90 to
Each Other
for
Complete
Coverage
Double
Wall
(Ellipse):
Read
Offset
Source
Side
and
Film
Side
Images
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Either
Side
T-275.2
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
12 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 1
Double Wall Radiographic Techniques (Continued)
Pipe
O.D.
Exposure
Technique
RadioGraph
Viewing
Source-Weld-Film Arrangement
End View
Side View
IQI
Selection
Placement
Location
Marker
Placement
Exposure Arrangement G
X
Double
Wall
T-271.2
3 in.
(b)(2)
(88.9mm) at Least 3
or
Exposures
Less
at 60 or
120 to
Each Other
for
Complete
Coverage
Double
Wall
Read
SuperImposed
Source
Side and
Film Side
Images
Source
Side
T-277.1(a)
T-276
and
Table
T-276
Either
Side
T-275.2
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
13 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 2
EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE FOR FLAT COMPONENTS
RADIATION SOURCE
RADIATION SOURCE
FILM
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
14 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 3
PLACEMENT OF LOCATION MARKERS
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
15 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 4
IQI DESIGNATION AND SELECTION
IQI
Designation
4T Hole
Diameter
0.005 ( 0.13 )
0.010 ( 0.25 )
0.020 ( 0.51 )
0.040 (1.02 )
0.0075 ( 0.19 )
0.010 ( 0.25 )
0.020 ( 0.51 )
0.040 ( 1.02 )
10
0.010 ( 0.25 )
0.010 ( 0.25 )
0.020 ( 0.51 )
0.040 ( 10.2 )
12
0.0125 ( 0.32 )
0.0125 ( 0.32 )
0.025 ( 0.64 )
0.050 ( 1.27 )
15
0.015 ( 0.38 )
0.015
( 0.38 )
0.030 ( 0.76 )
0.060 ( 1.52 )
17
0.0175 ( 0.4 )
0.0175 ( 0.44 )
0.035 ( 0.89 )
0.070 ( 1.70 )
20
0.020 ( 0.51 )
0.020
( 0.51 )
0.040 ( 1.02 )
0.080 ( 2.03 )
25
0.025 ( 0.64 )
0.025
( 0.64 )
0.050 ( 1.27 )
0.100 ( 2.54 )
30
0.030 ( 0.67 )
0.030
( 0.76 )
0.060 ( 1.52 )
0.120 ( 3.05 )
35
0.035 ( 0.89 )
0.035
( 0.89 )
0.070 ( 1.78 )
0.140 ( 3.56 )
40
0.040 ( 1.02 )
0.040
( 1.02 )
0.080 ( 2.03 )
0.160 ( 4.06 )
45
0.045 ( 1.14 )
0.045
( 1.14 )
0.090 ( 2.29 )
0.180 ( 4.57 )
50
0.050 ( 1.27 )
0.050
( 1.27 )
0.100 ( 2.54 )
0.200 ( 5.08 )
60
0.060 ( 1.52 )
0.060
( 1.52 )
0.120 ( 3.05 )
0.240 ( 6.10 )
70
0.070 ( 1.78 )
0.070
( 1.78 )
0.140 ( 3.56 )
0.280 ( 7.11 )
80
0.080 ( 2.03 )
0.080
( 2.03 )
0.160 ( 4.06 )
0.320 ( 8.13 )
100
0.100 ( 2.54 )
0.100
( 2.54 )
0.200 ( 5.08 )
0.400 ( 10.1 )
120
0.120 ( 3.05 )
0.120
( 3.05 )
0.240 ( 6.10 )
0.480 ( 12.19 )
140
0.140 ( 3.56 )
0.140
( 3.56 )
0.280 ( 7.11 )
0.560 ( 14.22 )
160
0.160 ( 4.06 )
0.160
( 4.06 )
0.320 ( 8.13 )
0.640 ( 16.26 )
200
0.200 ( 5.08 )
0.200
( 5.08 )
0.400 (10.16 )
240
0.240 ( 6.10 )
0.240
( 6.10 )
0.480 ( 12.19 )
280
0.280 ( 7.11 )
0.280
( 7.11 )
0.560 ( 14.22 )
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
16 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 4
IQI DESIGNATION AND SELECTION (Continued)
Table T-276 IQI Selection
IQI
Nominal Single-Wall Material Thickness
Range, in. ( mm )
Source Side
Hole-Type
Wire-Type
Designation
Essential
Wire
Film Side
Hole-Type
Wire-Type
Designation
Essential
Wire
12
10
15
12
17
15
20
17
25
20
30
10
25
35
11
30
10
40
12
35
11
50
13
40
12
60
14
50
13
80
16
60
14
100
17
80
16
120
18
100
17
160
20
120
18
200
21
160
20
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
17 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 5
ASTM WIRE-TYPE PENETRAMETER
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
18 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 6
HOLE-TYPE IQI PENETRAMETER
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
19 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 7
PERIODIC VERIFICATION CERTIFICATE
Step tablet No.
:
Date of Verification :
The density values reported are traceable to NIST and have been verified in accordance with ASME BPV
Section V, Article 2 Paragraph T-262, 2007 requirements with results as follow :
Step No.
Density Recorded
Actual Density
Deviation
Result
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
The step wedge comparison films is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than + 0.05 density
units from the density stated on the step wedge comparison films.
Verified By,
Name______________
ASNT NDT RT. Level II
DATE
18-12-2014
PAGE
20 of 20
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
DOC. NO.
QU/RT/003
REV
02
APPENDIX 8
RADIOGRAPHY TEST REPORT FORM