AM ANALYSIS OF THE ORTHOGONAL METAL CUTTING PROCESS

A THESIS
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate Division
by
Cecil Reid Attaway

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Mechanical Engineering

Georgia Institute of Technology

December, 1968

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ORTHOGONAL METAL CUTTING PROCESS

Approved:

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Date approved by Chairman:

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In presenting the dissertation as a partial fulfillment of

the requirements for an advanced degree from the Georgia
Institute of Technology, I agree that the Library of the
Institute shall make it available for Inspection and
circulation in accordance with its regulations governing
materials of this type. I agree that permission to copy
from, or to publish from, this dissertation may be granted
by the professor under whose direction it was written, or,
In his absence, by the Dean of the Graduate Division when
suchcopying or publication is solely for scholarly purposes
and does not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from, or publication of, this dissertation which involves potential financial gain will not
be allowed without written permission.

>^%

7/25/68

f^

11

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A great deal of thanks is given to Dr. John A. Bailey, without
whose suggestions, aid, and timely and constructive criticism this
investigation would not have been successful. Appreciation is also
extended to Dr. G. Boothroyd who introduced the author to the subject
of machining and provided the basic foundation for this analysis, and
to Dr. Robert F. Hochman, Dr. John H. Murphy, Dr. Wilham R. Clough,
and Dr. James M. Bradford who served on the examining and reading
committee. Thanks are* also due to Mr. David Keibel and Mr. Robert
Collins whose aid in the machine shop was invaluable.
Sincere appreciation is extended to the American Society of Tool
and Manufacturing Engineers, the National Science Foundation, and the
United States Army Research Office - Durham, for support of portions
of this'research, and to Mrs. Cecil L. Relet, for her steadfast encouragement during the extended period of this research.
Special permission was received from the Graduate Division of
the Georgia Institute of Technology to deviate from the standard procedure for figure titles in order to maintain a more uniform appearance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . .
LIST OF TABLES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

. . . . . . . . . . . .

SUMMARY .

. . .

Chapter
I.
II.

PROBLEM DEFINITION

..

REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . .

..

Problem History
Chip Formation
Tool Forces and Their Measurement
Specific Cutting Pressure
Mean Shear Strength of the Work Materia
Chip Thickness
Regions of Interest
Review of Cutting Theories
Critique of Existing Work
III.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

........

Introduction
Equipment
Procedure
IV. MODEL DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Proposed Model
Model Analysis
V. MODEL APPLICATION
VI.

MODEL UTILIZATION

Introduction
Utilization

. . . . . . . . . .
...........

IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Chapter
VII.

Page

DISCUSSION' '. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

77

.Basic Assumptions
Model Geometry Assumptions
Independent Correlation
VIII.

CONCLUSIONS

IX. RECOMMENDATIONS

85
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86

APPENDICES
I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

......

II. RATE OF WORK IN PRIMARY DEFORMATION ZONE . . . . . . . .

III. LIST OF SYMBOLS USED
IV. COMPUTER PROGRAMS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VITA

.. ..

. . . . . . . . .

87
107
115
121
177
l8l

LIST OF TABLES

Page
Nominal and Actual Cutting Speeds and Rake Angles . . . .

88

Experimental Cutting Test Results . . . . . .

89

x 10-3 in psi
S
Stress Ratio ^ . . ,
o
-3
Stress S x 10
in psi
o,
Stress S x 101-3 in psi
Percent Error in Predicting S
Stress S

. .

90

Percent Error in Predicting

91

..............
S
s
r
.
o

92
93
9*+
95

vi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure

Page

1. 'Oblique Cutting . . .
2.

Orthogonal Cutting

. .

3
k

3. Metal Cutting Deformation Zones .

h.

Characteristic Forces of Metal Cutting

5.

Idealized Orthogonal Cutting Model

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

11

6.

Idealized Orthogonal Cutting Forces . . . . . . . . . . .

12

7.

Ernst and Merchant Orthogonal Cutting Model . . . . . ... .

16

8. Shear Stress vs. Normal Stress on Shear Plane . . . . . .

19

9.

21

Ideal Plastic Stress-Strain Curve

10.

Lee and .Shaffer Slip Line Field Solution

.........

22

11.

Palmer and Oxley Orthogonal Cutting Model . . . . . . . .

25

12.

Stress Strain-rate Temperature Relationship for

Aluminum . . . . . . . .

27

Theoretical Model Used by Boothroyd to Predict Brass

Cutting Results

29

Some Theoretical and Experimental Shear Angle

Relationships . . . . . . .

30

15.

Dynamometer Configuration

36

16.

Strain Gage Layout and Schematic for Vertical Force

Component of Dynamometer

37

17.

Workpiece with Dynamometer

38

18.

Cutting Force vs. Undeformed Chip Thickness . . . . . . .

19.

Thrust 'Force vs. Undeformed Chip Thickness

k2

13.
lh.

.......

Vll

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)

Figure
20.
21.

22.

Page
Microhardness Distribution of a Suddenly Stopped
Chip Sample

43

Typical Flow Lines Observed in a Suddenly Stopped

Chip

k-5
kS

Developed Model of Orthogonal Metal Cutting . . . . . .

23. Model with Stresses Shown on Applicable Planes

....

24.

Individual Zones of Proposed Model

25.

Force Polygon Across Surface EBF of Model . . . . . . .

26. Force Polygons of Triangles BDF and ABE of,Model

. . .

50
51
56
57

27.

Primary Deformation Zone of Model . . . . . . . . . . .

60

28.

Block Diagram of Iterative Process

7^+

29.

Shear Angle vs. Difference Between Friction Angle

and Rake Angle

96

Friction Angle vs. Rake Angle for Various Cutting

Speeds

97

F r i c t i o n Angle vs. Cutting Speed for Various Rake

Angles

98

Shear Angle vs. Rake Angle for Various Cutting

Speeds

99

Shear Angle vs. Cutting Speed for Various Rake

Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100

34,

Chip Thickness vs. Rake Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101

35.

Chip Thickness vs. Cutting Speed

. . . ........

102

36a. Cutting & Thrust Forces vs. Rake Angle for Various
Cutting Speeds
. . . . . . . .

103

36b. Cutting & Thrust Forces vs. Rake Angle for Various
Cutting Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104

30.

31.
32.
33-

. . .

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)

. Cutting & Thrust Forces vs. Cutting Speeds for Various

Sake Angles
,
.'Cutting & Thrust Forces vs. Cutting Speeds for Various
Rake Angles
Shear Plane Model Used to Determine Deformation as a
Function of Shear and Compression

..

IX

SUMMARY
Previous analyses concerning the mechanics of the orthogonal
metal cutting process have produced relationships between the various
angle parameters.

These relationships cannot he used to predict the

geometry of cutting or tool forces, and hence are limited in applicability and usefulness.
The purpose of the Investigation Is two-fold; first to determine
experimentally the effect of changes In the rake angle and cutting speed
on the type of chip produced during orthogonal machining of aluminum
and then to develop a generalized model of the orthogonal metal cutting
process which will predict the chip geometry and the effects of changes
in rake angle and cutting speed on tool forces from a knowledge of the
effects of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the mechanical properties of the work material.
It is believed that the present work represents considerable
progress in the understanding of the mechanics of the machining process.
The analysis shows excellent qualitative agreement between the predicted
and experimentally measured cutting forces, friction angle, and chip
thickness.

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM DEFINITION
Because of the complex nature of the metal cutting process no
comprehensive theory has been proposed which will accurately describe
the process without use of artificial parameters such as the shear
angle, the friction angle, or a machinability constant.

The problem is

compounded by the fact that changes in cutting speed as well as changes

in rake angle alter the chip geometry and tool forces during cutting.
The purpose of this research is to develop a comprehensive model
of the metal cutting process which will qualitatively predict the effects
of changes in rake angle and cutting speed on the tool forces and geometry of the cutting process.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Problem History
The metal cutting process is one of the oldest methods of reducing
a metal workpiece to a given shape and is directly or indirectly involved
in the manufacture of most of the items used today. Much work of an
empirical nature has been carried out in the past concerning the development of new cutting techniques and methods to obtain reductions in machining costs and improvements in dimensional control. A much smaller
amount of work has been carried out concerning attempts to understand
the fundamental principals of the machining process. In recent years the
amount of basic research has increased since it has been recognized that
fundamental knowledge of the machining process can help in the solution
of many practical production problems.
The machining process involves the systematic removal of layers
of metal in the form of chips from a workpiece by the action of a wedge
shaped cutting tool. Figure 1 illustrates the general case of cutting
known as oblique cutting in which the cutting edge of the tool is straight
and parallel with the original plane surface of the workpiece. The
special case where the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the
direction of relative work tool motion is known as orthogonal cutting
and is illustrated in Figure 2.

F i g u r e 1* Oblique Cutting

90

<&

Figure'2:

Orthogonal Cutting

G*.

Chip Formation
Since orthogonal cutting represents a two-dimensional or plane
strain process rather than a three-dimensional process it lends itself
well to analytical investigations where it is desirable to eliminate as
many ofthe independent variables as possible.
In practical machining it is possible to produce three types of
chip, namely:
(1) a continuous chip
(2) a continuous chip with a built-up edge on the
tool face
(3) a discontinuous chip.
The type of chip produced in a particular machining operation is
a function of the work and tool materials, the geometry and speed of
the cutting process, and whether or not a lubricant is present.
When machining ductile materials such as mild steel, brass, or
copper, continuous chips with the absence of a built-up edge on the tool
face can,be produced under certain conditions. Cutting under these conditions is a steady state process, and for this reason most of the work
conducted in metal cutting research has dealt with continuous chip formation.
The formation of the chip takes place by shear in a zone extending
from the tool cutting edge to the junction between the surfaces of the
chip and the workpiece.

This is known as the primary deformation zone,

and is shown in Figure 3.

The chip, which is substantially workhardened

flows up the tool rake face under the action of large normal and frictional stresses. In unlubricated cutting the normal stress is such that

CHIP

PRIMARY
DEFORMATION
ZONE

SECONDARY

TOOL NOSE
REGION
WORKPIECE

F i g u r e 3: Metal Cutting Deformation

Zones

the real and apparent areas of contact are equal over a portion of the
chip-tool contact length. In this portion there is no relative motion
at the chip-tool interface and deformation takes place in the lower layers
of the chip (Secondary Deformation).

This is also shown in Figure 3.

Over the remaining portion of the chip-tool contact length the real area
of contact is less than the apparent and relative motion at the interface can take place.
In the slow speed machining of certain ductile materials, it has
been observed that a built-up edge forms on the took rake face. Under
these conditions a portion of the chip material becomes anchored to the
tool face and shearing takes" place In a zone within the chip itself.
During machining this built-up edge often grows until It becomes unstable
and breaks away from the tool face. As the built-up edge disintegrates
some fragments are carried past the tool by the new workpiece surface and
some past the rake face by the underside of the chip causing damage in
these regions,
Built-up edge formation in machining is usually an undesirable
characteristic.

It Is one of the principal factors affecting surface

finish and has a considerable influence on power consumption.

'The built-

up edge is on occasion beneficial in that it reduces cutting tool wear

when machining very abrasive materials by protection of the tool rake
face.

The built-up edge can be eliminated In a number of ways.

It has

generally been accepted that an Increase In the workhardened state of

the work material, the application of a lubricant, and an increase in rake
angle all lead to a decrease in the speed below which a built-up edge
will appear.

In machining brittle materials or ductile materials at very low

speeds and high rates of feed, discontinuous chips are produced.

In

this case fracture occurs in the primary deformation zone and the chip
becomes segmented.
Tool Forces and Their Measurement
In orthogonal cutting, the resultant force (R) applied to the
chip by the tool lies in a plane normal to the cutting edge (Figure

h).

This force is usually determined from the measurement of two orthogonal

components; one In the direction o'f cutting (known as the cutting force,
F ) ; the other normal to the direction of cutting (known as the thrust
force, F ) . . The two components, F
h

and F , are measured with a dynamoX>

meter.,
Specific Cutting Pressure
The work done during cutting (W

) is the product of the cutting

speed (V ) and the cutting force (F ) , and is given by the expression:

W.., = F V
tl
c c

(l)
'

A parameter which should give an indication of the efficiency of' the metal
cutting process, independent of cutting speed, is the work done per unit
volume of metal removed (commonly known as the specific cutting pressure).
This Is given by the expression:

A V

o c

CHIP

TOOL

TOOL
WORKPIECE
V

RELATIVE MOTION

F i g u r e 4.

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c F o r c e s of Metal Cutting

10

Combining Equations (l) and (2) gives

s = 71^

PS1

(3)

The specific cutting pressure can vary considerably for a given material
and is affected by changes in cutting speed, tool rake angle, and undeformed chip thickness, at small values of t .

Mean Shear' Strength of the Work Material

Figures 5 and 6 show the idealized model of the orthogonal metal
cutting process where a continuous chip is produced with the absence of a
built-up edge on the tool face. In this model the shear zone or primary
deformation zone is represented by a plane, known as the shear plane.
The angle of inclination of the shear plane, (0), may be obtained from
the expressions

r
tan 0 =

where r

sin a

1 - r cos a
c

(h)

is the cutting ratio and is given by:

rc = ^
*2

(5)

In the experimental work, the tool rake angle (a) and the undeformed chip
thickness (t ) are known.

The chip thickness (t ) can be obtained by .

measurement with a ball ended micrometer or from the weight of a known

length of chip.

11

WORKPIECE

Figure 5:

Model of Orthogonal Metal Cutting P r o c e s s

12

WOHKFIEGE

F i g u r e 6:

Cutting F o r c e s in Orthogonal Cutting

13

If the resultant tool force is resolved in a direction parallel to

the shear plane, the force F
the chip is obtained.

required to shear the work material to form

This force may be expressed in terras of the cutting

(F ) and thrust (F ) forces, the components of the resultant tool force

resolved parallel to, and perpendicular to the direction of relative
work-tool motion, respectively. From Figure 5 it can be seen that

= F
S

sin 0 - F
C

cos 0

(6)

L>

The shear stress along the shear plane is given by the expression:

= rr

psi

(7)

s
where 1

is the length of the- shear plane.

iS

From Equation (5) and Equation (6)

(F

S =

sin 0 - F

cos 0) sin 0

L_
w t1
1

psi

(8)

Much previous work has shown that S, calculated from Equation (8),.
remains constant for a given work material over a wide range of cutting
conditions.

However, it has been observed that S increases with a de-

crease in feed, (t ) , This can be explained by the existence of a tool

nose force, P.

If P is subtracted from the resultant cutting force R,

then the apparent shear strength of the work material remains constant
with respect to changes in undeformed chip thickness. Thus, the apparent
shear strength of the work material may be said to be constant and a
property of the work material, and independent of cutting conditions.

Ik

Chip Thickness
The chip thickness, (t~), is not defined "by the geometry of the
cutting tool and the undeformed chip thickness, (t ) . It is in this
respect that the cutting process differs fundamentally from other metal
forming processes where the final shape of the deformed material is determined by the shape of the tool.

It is this lack of control of chip

thickness which has made analysis of the cutting process extremely difficult, since before any prediction of cutting forces can be made the chip
thickness (t ) must be known.
It can be seen from Equation (h) that a knowledge of chip thickness
(t) will allow the shear angle (0) to be determined for a given set of
cutting conditions. Experimentally, it has been found that the cutting
ratio (r ) , and hence the shear angle (0), depend on the work and tool
materials and the cutting conditions. A number of attempts have been
made in the past to establish a relationship which can be used to predict
the shear angle from a knowledge of t and t .

Regions of Interest
The principal regions of interest in the orthogonal metal cutting
process are illustrated in Figure 3.
1.

These are:

The primary deformation zone where the work material is con-

tinuously sheared to form the chip.

2.

The tool nose region where the effect of friction between the

tool flank and the newly generated workpiece surface and the ploughing
effect of the tool edge are thought to combine to produce a force acting
on the tool which does not contribute directly to chip production.

(Tool

15

nose force.)
3.

The secondary deformation zone where large chip-tool frictional

forces can cause further deformation of the chip material.

Much of the published work on the mechanics of the metal cutting
process has been concerned with deformation in the primary deformation
zone.

A number of analyses have appeared based on a "shear plane" model

of the cutting process. The most important of these will now be considered.

Review of Cutting Theories

Theory of Ernst and Merchant
The first complete analysis resulting in a so-called "shear angle
solution" was presented by Ernst and Merchant . The model of the cutting
process used by these authors is shown in Figure 7. For convenience, the
resultant tool force (R) is shown acting at the tool cutting edge and is
resolved into components N and F in directions normal to and along the
tool rake force, respectively, and into components F
n
and along the shear plane, respectively.

and F , normal to
s

The cutting (F ) and thrust

(F.) components of the resultant tool force are also shown. It is assumed
that the entire resultant cutting force is transmitted across the chiptool interface and that no force acts on the tool edge or flank (i.e.,
the tool nose force P is zero and the tool is perfectly sharp).
The basis of Ernst and Merchant's theory was the suggestion that
the shear angle, 0, would assume such a value as to make the work done
per unit time in cutting a minimum.
proportional to F

Since the work done in cutting is

it was necessary to develop an expression for F

in

16

CHIP

TOOL

WOBKPIBCE

F i g u r e 7:

E r n s t and Merchant Orthogonal Cutting Model

NHMMMHWH

terms oi' <b and then to o b t a i n

s'1 VP.

imn

i~;i

&

for Which F

vac a minimu:

:an -e suo'-/:':
GA
c

eos(S-a)

s i n 0 co^ {0+2-a)

(9)

here 3 is the shear stress on the shear plane. A_ is the cross sectional
rea r^ovc-.: curing cut tine;3 B is '-lie friction an:;le, a is r/nc rake angle,
nd is the shear anrrlo.
SOect to 6 ':iHa min_mu::..

Equation {')) may nov be differentiate-.; with

ilu-j of e l'o:

to zero to nr.

ir:

The require.I value ir: ^.iven i"

do)

=i0 -i- S - a =

Merchant

found tha- this theory f~ave good agreement with experi-

mental results obtained when cur,tin3 synthetic plastics but gave poor
agreement for steel machined with a sintered carbide tool.

In differen-

tiating Equation (9) with respect to 0, it was assumed rhat A^ and S

would he independent of 0.

Merchant attributed the poor agreement between

theory an-';. experiment in the machining of steel to the fact that iar^e
normal stresses are transmitted across the shear plane aii-.i that these
could affect the shear stress on the shear plane.

Accordingly. Merchant

included in a new analysis the relationship:

= O

(11)

T A u

where B^ is the normal stress on shear plane, K is a constant for the

raterial. and S

is the value of S -when S

is zero.

18

This indicates that the shear strength of the material increases

linearly with increases in normal stress across the shear plane (Figure
8).

The value of S is affected by changes in S

Equation (9) to give a new equation for F

and may be inserted in

in terms of 0, namely:
c

S A cos(S-Q')
_
o o
~c ~ 0sA
*
.
o
^
i
D
. . , \ Tfi
v\ '+.'tan(0+{J-a)]
/^o ~\V
n
i n 0 cos(0+$-a)
L(l-K)
=

(12)

I f I t i s now assumed t h a t K and S a r e c o n s t a n t s f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r

, o
work material, and that A

and a. are constants for the cutting operation,

Equation (12) may be differentiated and equated to zero to give the new
value of 0.

The resulting relationship is

20 + p - a = C

where the machining constant (C) is cot

,
-1
K, where K is the slope of Shear

Stress versus Normal Stress curve, as shown in Figure 8.

Theory of Lee and Shaffer
The theory of Lee and Shaffer

was the result of an attempt to

apply plasticity theory to the problem of orthogonal metal cutting. In

dealing with problems in plasticity theory it is necessary to make certain
assumptions regarding the behavior of the work material when deformed.
Some of these assumptions are:
1.

The workpiece behaves as perfectly plastic material, i.e.,

it does not workharden and any elastic deformation can be neglected.

2.

The material is rigid up to its yield point and the effects

of variations in strain rate and temperature can be neglected.

These assumptions imply a stress-strain curve for the work material of

19

3
U}

Ul

<

S B + KS
o
n

a
w

NORMAL STRESS ( s )

F i g u r e 8;

S h e a r S t r e s s v s . N o r m a l S t r e s s on S h e a r

Plane

20

the form shown in Figure 9 s where the material undergoes no strain until
the yield point is reached, when it yields at constant stress throughout
the entire deformation process. Such assumptions have led to useful solutions of many problems in metal working.
It is known that the rate of workhardening of many metals decreases
rapidly with increasing strain and that the effect of a high strain rate
is to raise the yield stress of the metal with respect to its ultimate
strength.

Thus, with the high strains and strain rates known to exist

in metal cutting,the material may approach the ideal plastic condition.

Further, with the high plastic strains, the elastic strain would form a
negligible proportion of the total strain.

Thus, the stress-strain curve

for the work material could approximate the. ideal case shown in Figure 9
In the solution of problems in plasticity, the construction of a
slip line field is necessary; this consists of two orthogonal sets of lines
(called slip lines) indicating, at each point In the plastic zone, the
two orthogonal directions of maximum shear stress.
The slip line field proposed by Lee and Shaffer

for orthogonal

cutting with the production of a continuous chip with the absence of a

built-up edge on the tool face Is shown in Figure 10. It can be seen
that Lee and Shaffer have employed the idealized shear plane model of
the cutting process where all the deformation takes place in a plane extending from the tool cutting edge to the point of Intersection of the
free surfaces of the workplece and chip. From Figure 10 it can be shown
that:

0 + U50 + $ _ a= 90

(ik)

21

Pi

w
t/3

En
03

STRAIN in/ia

Figure 9:

Ideal Plastic Stress-Strain Curve

22

CHIP

r "V/

JNv/

^NC*

*i
V

c
m

'f

^^^^

WOHKPIECE

F i g u r e 10s

Lee and Shaffer Slip Line Field Solution

23

or

0 + p - a = 1+5

(.15)

"which Is the required shear angle solution,

Lee and Shaffer
g i s i+5 and cy Is 0

r e a l i z e d that Equation (l5) could not apply where

since with these values 0 would be equal to zero.

The authors considered that conditions of high f r i c t i o n and low tool rake
angles were those which could lead to the formation of a b u i l t - u p edge.
.In order to account for t h i s , a second solution

was presented with a new

geometry in which a b u i l t - u p edge was present on the tool rake face.

Other Shear Angle Theories

1 2
In addition to the theories of Ernst and Merchant ' and Lee and
Shaffer , several other shear angle r e l a t i o n s h i p s have been developed.
6 8
Huck ' proposed the r e l a t i o n s h i p s :
0 = h5 - to + of

(16)

and

0 = | cot _1 C - 3 + a

(17)

where m i s given by the expression

cu = ;r tan" ' (2(i)

(l8)

where p, is the coefficient of friction and G Is the machining constant.

Stabler7 has proposed the relationship:

2k

0 = 1+5 - 3 +!<*

(19)

Shaw, et al,9 proposed that the shear plane was not the plane of
maximum shear stress and suggested the relationship:

0 = ^5 + H - p + of

(20)

where 7) is the angle between the shear plane and the direction of maximum
shear stress.
Oxley

developed a strain hardening model of chip formation (see

18
also Figure 11 after Palmer and Oxley ) in which the shear angle is given
by the equation:
0 = 3 _ a - 9

(21)

where

0 = tan"1

B
g k

(22)

and where PB and P are the hydrostatic stresses at A and B and k is the
A
B
.
shear stress along AB (Figure ll).
13
An important implication of the analysis of Oxley
and Palmer
1 Pi

and Oxley

is the existence of a tensile stress at the nose of the tool

and the extension of the plastic zone below the nose of the tool. Variable
flow stress properties of the workpiece material were considered by
Oxley33-37 in an extensive analysis of a shear zone which was wide in
proportion to its length.

In these analyses estimates of the forces in-

volved during cutting were made for various cutting speeds.

25

WORKPIECE MOTION

F i g u r e 11;

P a l m e r and Oxley Model

A ninilnu:. onerny solution for the shear plane anrfle was developed
V.:y Rowe and Spick"''; however. the simplifying assumptions involved provide
little further advancement and the minimum energy criterion as applied to
the metal cu-jt-ir---; process it also open to question.
Several other clear arirrls relationships have been developed including those by Weisz''sl'v'', Coldinrr' ' ji ~, Sata a::d K i z ^ n o ^ 1 2 , Xullrorrr5''',
aii'- Zorev

1'. A comparison of some of these las

'
leer: made by Sa^a".

Theory of Boo v-hrovd

*
A .new approach :o i.lo analysis of *:he neeha;u
cutting process under unlubrica*:ed cutting conlivio:
:mrj Eootnroy:.L

and 3ootlroy=.: anc. ii^iley ".

The assumptions made in t::is

analysis were:
1.

Trie apparent; shear strength of i;le neval in the primary defor-

ms*: ion zone is a cons tan*: for uhe material aril i;1 independent of *:he un.ieformod chip thickness. :;ool raho an^le, 'v;.ttin:;; speed, aril the workhardened s*:ats of work maverial.
2.

The deformation process is one of :lane strain where vho effeov

of side spread of the chip durin;;; its formation is neglected.

3.

A continuous chip is proluced with an absence of a buil";-up

edge on the tool face.

s-.

The vcT:-: material is a single phase moral whose behavior a-:-

high strains and at

different strain rates and temperatures may be repre-

sented qualitatively by the curve shown for al"jr.:.nur. in Figure if (after

Bailey) 1 ".
5.

Tiie cutting process is nor lubricated either by the application

of a fluid or through the presence of inclusions of a lubricating navure

4.4
4.2
4.0

H
10
04

CJQ

3.8

3.6

s
EH

o
o

3.4

h3

3.2

3.0

STRAIN RATE s e c
F i g u r e 12: S t r e s s , Strain Rate, T e m p e r a t u r e Relationship F o r Aluminum

16
ro

28

in the workpiece.
From a force analysis of the model15 it was shown that the dlmen
S

sionless stress ratio,

, was given by the expression:

__ _ (l+tan Y) tan(y-tt) - (l-tan Y)

"

o
s

2 ,

/p~x
{

'

1 + tan (.Y"^)

and the ratio ^ by:

o
O

^f
S
o

(1+2 tan Y) tan p

1 + 2 tan 3 - tan a

(2U)

where (3 is the mean angle of friction and the remaining angles are defined in Figure 13;

the stress S is the shear stress along the line AB

s

in Figure 13 and is that stress obtained at a high strain rate for a

highly strained material; the stress S is the shear stress along line
BE obtained at much lower strain rate; the stress S is the shear stress
5
f
along the tool rake face and may be higher, lower, or equal to the shear
stress (S ) on line BD.
o
S

From cutting t e s t data on 85-15 Brass, ^ was found to be a cono

stant for the work material and independent of changes in rake angle' or
s
f
cutting speed.

The ratio ^ was found to vary with rake angle and

o

cutting speed and was controlled by the conditions of strain rate and
temperature at the tool rake face.
Critique,of Existing Work
Two of the shear angle solutions outlined above have been compared
with the results of independently conducted experiments17 . Figure 14

29

F i g u r e 13:

Model Used by Boothroyd

15

to P r e d i c t

B r a s s Cutting Results

30

-20

-10

10

20
(B-a)

30

deg

$ = MEAN ANGLE OF FRICTION

a = RAKE ANGLE

Figure

14:

Some T h e o r e t i c a l and E x p e r i m e n t a l
Shear Angle Relationships

40

.31

shows the most convenient way of making such comparisons; the shear angle
0 is plotted against the difference between the friction angle and the
rake angle; i.e., (p-a).

On such a graph, the relationships obtained by

the Ernst and Merchant and by the Lee and Shaffer theories form straight
lines.

It can be seen that neither of these theories approach quantita-

tive agreement with any of the experimental relationships for the various
materials tested.

However, comparing them in a qualitative sense, both .

the theories and the experimental results show that a linear relationship
exists between 0 and (j3-a) and that a decrease in (p-cf) always results in
an increase in 0. For a given rake angle a decrease in the mean friction
angle on the tool rake face results in an increase in the shear angle.
Since the mean shear strength of the work material along the shear plane
is approximately constant, the force required to form the chip will be
reduced and a corresponding reduction in shear plane length will occur.
The results plotted in Figure lk shows that no unique relationship
of the kind predicted by the Ernst and Merchant
Shaffer

and by the Lee and

theories could possibly agree with all the experimental results.

2
Even the modified Merchant theory in which the shear stress on the shear
plane is assumed to be linearly dependent on the normal stress could not
agree with all the results. Substituting various values for the machining constant in Equation (13) could only give a series of parallel lines
on the graph in Figure l4. Clearly, the experimental lines are not
parallel and could not all be represented by Equation (13).

It is for

this reason.that other attempts have been made to develop machining constants for individual materials; usually they have met with little success.
18 19
Recent work ' has also shown that the range over which the

32

primary deformation zone can be regarded as a shear plane is not as large

18
as it had been thought previously. For example, Palmer and Oxley
used
motion pictures to,observe the flow of grains in a steel workpiece during
slow speed cutting.

Their investigation showed that the primary deforma-

tion zone had the form shown in Figure 11. Work by Uakayama19 has also
shown the primary deformation zone to be wide and to have constant proportions for cutting speeds of up to 500 feet per minute.

In these ex-

periments the side of the workpiece was coated with lamp black and a
series of lines were scribed on the prepared surface parallel to the
cutting direction. During cutting, these lines formed stationary material
flow lines and could be photographed.

From the resulting photographic,

records it was possible to plot the boundaries of the primary deformation zone.
The above shear angle theories and the experimental results indicate that the friction on the tool rake face is a most important parameter in metal cutting,, and in virtually all the theories produced to date
the simplifying assumption has been made that frictional condition on the
tool face can be represented by a single parameter, the mean angle of
friction |3.
The theory proposed by Boothroyd and Bailey15 does have direct
application to the machining of 35-15 Brass and to a certain degree predicts the geometry and forces of cutting for that one material. However,
when application to the machining of aluminum was attempted by this
author, unsatisfactory results were obtained. Certain other limitations
in previous analyses have been observed, namely:
1. Most authors completely neglect secondary deformation.

33

2.

Under certain cutting conditions the secondary deformation

18
zone extends below the tool nose into the workpiece
3. A velocity flow diagram of most of the previously defined
models is inconsistent.

It is not reasonable to expect material to change

its direction of motion instantaneously as It passes the shear plane.

In this respect the analyses by Boothroyd and Bailey

IS 2.h
^4-^7
'
and Oxley

are definite advancements over the shear plane type analyses.

h.

The normal stress on plane BE of the Boothroyd model is not

necessarily small and for materials which exhibit large secondary deformation zones may be large.
5. A velocity flow diagram of the Boothroyd model in the secondary
deformation zone is Inconsistent.
. Thus, it is evident that an improved model of the orthogonal metal
cutting process is needed.

3^

CHAPTER III
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Introduction
An aluminum (1100 - 0) tube was orthogonally end-machined on a
lathe using a two component, strain gage, cutting force dynamometer.
The dynamometer output was amplified and recorded on a two-channel pen
recorder.

The undeformed chip thickness was measured with a ball-end

micrometer and verification made by weighing a known length of chip and

neglecting the small amount of side spread of the chip.

The tool rake

angle was varied through use of replaceable HSS tool inserts rigidly
mounted in the dynamometer.
maker's microscope.

The rake angle was measured with a tool

Tools were ground with a small tool and cutter grinder.

Equipment
The design of the metal cutting dynamometer used in these experik-7

ments is based on one described by Boothroyd

. Improvements were made

in the method of supporting the tool and in the strain gage Wheatstone
Bridge arrangement.

The dynamometer tool holder was so designed that it

supported a 3/8-inch square HSS tool at a h^ degree angle from the vertical.

The tool was held rigidly against the dynamometer by two set screws

which were recessed into the toolholder.

Tools of various rake angles

were produced by grinding the tool surface inclined from the horizontal
at the appropriate rake angle. An appropriate flank relief angle of
five degrees was ground on each tool.

The tool and the functional por-

tions of the dynamometer are shown in Figure !:;.

Strain gages were mounted on the horizontal and vertical struts of
the dynamometer in such a manner as to negate ~he effects of bending of
the strut and give a change of resistance proportional to compressive
stress within the strut. Temperature compensation was accomplished by
mounting strain gages on the reverse side of e^ch strut perpendicular to
the direction of loading.

These compensating gages also increased the

sensitivity of the dynamometer by adding the effect of^ the strain due
to Foisson's ratio to the net effective difference in resistance across
the measuring terminals of the Wheatstone bridge.

The position of the

strain gages on the struts and in the Wheatstons "bridge was such that
a variation in the position of the tool and consequent change of moment
resisted by the dynamometer did not affect the "bridge output, A layout
of gage positions and a schematic diagram of gage placement in a wheatstone bridge for one component of the forces of cutting is shown in
Figure 16.
A sketch of the set-up used on the 15'' x 60T', 5 horsepower,
variable speed Cincinnati lathe is shown in Figure 17. The output of
the dynamometer was amplified by a Sanborn Model 366-1100-B carrier preamplifier and recorded on a Sanborn Model 296 dual-channel recorder.

The

gain of the preamplifier was adjusted so that a 1 volt change across each
bridge resulted in e 3c mm. deflection of the associated recorder pen.
Calibration of the dynamometer was accomplished by a dead weight
loading technique and showed excellent linearity and very little interchannel interaction for the dynamometer-recorder system.
47
has been describee in the literature '.

This procedure

RAKE ANGLE

RELIEF ANGLE

TOOL HOLDER

IORIZONTAL
J&t

v *

r\r

STRUT

DYNAMOMETER

VERTICAL

STRUT

Figure 15; Dynamometer Configuration-

H^g-gmggffgb

JL

SCHEMATIC

ACTIVE
STRAIN
GAGES

COMPENSATING
STRAIN
GAGES

A
B
C
D

Figure 16: Strain Gage Layout and Schematic for

Vertical Force Component of Dynamometer

E
F
G
H

38

WORKMECE

DYNAMOMETER

Figure IT:

Workpiece With Dynamometer

39

Procedure
Orthogonal machining was realized by end machining a 3 Inch outside diameter tube with a 0.2.8 Inch wall thickness. The tube was produced
by machining a solid aluminum billet to the required dimensions in the
Cincinnati lathe.

The cutting tests performed were chosen to cover the

entire range of cutting conditions possible within the material and

equipment limitations. An undeformed chip thickness of 0.0202 inches
was chosen because this was the minimum value which would give good delineation between the cutting and thrust force for a variety of cutting
speeds.
The maximum cutting speed was kQO SFPM because higher speeds required more power than the lathe motor could provide.

The minimum cutting

speed was 801 SFPM because the chip produced at lower speeds tended to be
discontinuous or irregular with a built-up edge,.
The maximum rake angle was 4 5 degrees. To exceed this would
seriously weaken the tool and result in direct rubbing contact between
the chip and the toolholder leading to extraneous dynamometer output and
negation of the experimental results. The minimum rake angle used was
approximately 20 degrees. Results of the tests with this rake angle are
questionable because of Irregularities in chip thickness and the presence
of an unstable built-up edge on the rake face. The results of these
tests will be included in the analysis, however, in spite of the questionable continuity of cutting conditions.

Therefore, variations of re-

sults of this rake angle with predictions of the model may be expected.
Nominal rake angles of 20, 25, 30, 35, ko, and 45 degrees and velocities
of 80, 120, 160, 2^0, 320, and 480 SFPM were used in the work.

Cutting

ko

speeds in SFPM were determined from the product of the average circumference of the tubular workpiece and the angular velocity of the lathe
as measured toy the.lathe tachometer.

The recorded experimental data of

this series of orthogonal metal cutting tests were the cutting and thrust
forces and the chip thickness. Smoothed values of these results are
tabulated in Table 2 (shown in Appendix l) where an averaging of several
test points was made in order to prevent excessive experimental error.
A series of controlled contact length experiments was also performed in order to ascertain the magnitude of the tool nose forces. The
tool nose forces result from the ploughing effect of the tool and friction between the tool flank'and freshly machined workpiece surface. The
controlled contact length resulted in a similar geometry of cutting for
a variety of undeformed chip thicknesses when the ratio of contact length
to undeformed chip thickness was maintained constant.

Tool nose forces

were calculated by extrapolating the total cutting tool forces to zero

undeformed chip thickness.
Typical results of this investigation for a single set of cutting
conditions are shown in Figures 18 and 19. These figures indicate that
the tool nose force (as determined by the zero undeformed chip thickness)
is of sufficiently small magnitude to neglect its effects when performing
cutting tests with a t

value greater than 0.020 inches.

(Sufficiently

small magnitude being less than the resolution of the pen recorder for
the thrust force, i.e., 1/2 mm or 10 pounds thrust force, or 10 percent
of the cutting force).
A determination of the microhardness distribution of a suddenly
stopped chip specimen was also made and is shown in Figure 20. The iso-

500 h
400 t--

MATERIAL 1100-O ALUMINUM

TOOL MATERIAL: HSS
CUTTING SPEED: 160 SFPM
WIDTH OF CUT: 0.280 inches
RAKE ANGLE: 35 degrees
1

-J

2.0

300

o
Q.

O
0

200

uO

ZD
O

100

10

15

20

25

UNDEFORMED CHIP THICKNESS x 103 inches

FIGURE 18: CUTTING FORCE vs. UNDEFORMED CHIP THICKNESS

100 IMATERIAL: 1100-O ALUMINUM

TOOL MATERIAL: HSS
CUTTING SPEED: 160 SFPM
WIDTH OF CUT: 0.280 inches
RAKE ANGLE: 35 degrees
1

80

"^3

& 60

o
Q

HCO
QC

40

20

0
0

10

15

UNDEFORMED CHIP THICKNESS x 103

20

25
inches

FIGURE 19: THRUST FORCE vs. UNDEFORMED CHIP THICKNESS

^3

MATERIAL; 1100-O ALUMINUM

TOOL MATERIAL; HSS
CUTTING SPEED; 40 SFPM
RAKE ANGLE: 30 DEGREES
UNDEFORMED CHIP THICKNESS; 0. 0202'INCHES

WORKPIECE

F i g u r e 20;

M i c r o h a r d n e s s Distribution of Suddenly Stopped Chip Sample

kk

grams of equal microhardness give an indication of the amount of workhardening which has occurred at any specific point.

The key quantiative

results of the investigation are that the material has been workhardened
(therefore deformed) below the freshly machined workplece surface well
ahead of the nose of the tool and that workhardening due to secondary
deformation has occurred along the chip-tool Interface.
A representation of typical flow lines dlseernable in a suddenly
stopped chip sample which has been polished and etched is given in
Figure 21. A photomicrograph of this deformation did not give a sufficiently distinct image to be of value.

^5

MATERIAL
RETARDED DUE
TO SECONDARY

PRIMARY
DEFORMATION
ZONE

PRIOR SURFACE
DEFORMATION->

DEFORMATION
EXTENDING BELOW
TOOL NOSE

F i g u r e 21- Typical Flow Lines Observed in a Suddenly Stopped

Chip Sample

1+6

CHAPTER IV

MODEL DESCRIPTION
Introduction
The physical phenomena which occur during the orthogonal metal
cutting process are extremely complex. An exact mathematical analysis
would require a large number of variables and generally would not be
feasible from an engineering viewpoint. Furthermore, the validity of
such an analysis would be questionable because the primary criteria
available to verify the sum total of all assumptions would be the applicability and accuracy of the model in predicting such parameters as tool
forces and cutting geometry for a wide range of cutting conditions.
Albrecht

22

stated this principle in the form that the predictability of

a model of the metal cutting process Increases as the simplicity of the

model decreases (the predictability approaching 100 percent as the number
of factors considered becomes very large).
The following analysis is a compromise between simplicity and the
need for an accurate model as measured by its applicability and the requirement that material deformation occur in a reasonable and logical
manner.

The deciding criteria.for any assumption therefore is that it

be reasonable in light of known characteristics of the material and the

flow of metal during the orthogonal metal cutting, process.

The proposed

analysis will Include most of the important characteristics enunciated

2"3

by Shaw

with the exception of the condition where the built-up edge

^7

occurs, which is usually present only at low cutting speeds and rake
angles.

Proposed Model
'The proposed model of the orthogonal metal cutting process is
shown in Figure 22. The following initial assumptions are made:
1.

The deformation process is one of plane-strain, where the

effects of side spread of the chip material during deformation are

negligible,
2. A continuous chip is formed and no built-up edge exists on
the tool rake face.
3.

The work material is a single phase metal whose behavior at

different strains, strain rates, and temperatures may be represented by

an equation of the form
a = a G T 6< A+BT > ;(C+OTWLln]T)
o
which is similar to that proposed by Lubahn
k.

{2k)

21

The cutting process is unlubricated, either by the application

of a fluid or through the presence of inclusions in the workpiece of a

lubricating nature.
In order to perform the analysis, the region in which the chip is
formed was divided into several zones for convenience.

These zones are

as follows (see Figure 22):

1.

The zone CGBEA., which is an approximation to the primary de-

formation zone as it actually occurs in the machining; process, zone CGBEA,

is divided into two portions by line AB.

kB

CHIP

PRIMARY
DEFORMATION
ZONE

45

($ +
Mzi>
+ a)
a

WORKPIECE

Figure 22.

-SECONDARY
DEFORMATION
ZONE

D e v e l o p e d M o d e l of Orthogonal Metal Cutting P r o c e s s

1+9

2.

The zone EDB through which stresses are transmitted to the

primary deformation zone, but where no deformation occurs.

3.

The zone BDF which is an approximation to the secondary de-

formation zone as it actually occurs and where the chip material is subjected to further deformation due to the high normal and shear stresses
at the chip tool interface.
The stresses acting on these individual zones are shown in
Figures 23 and 2^4.
The behavior of the work material as it passes through the various
zones is assumed to be as follows.
1.

Primary Deformation Zone - CGBEA

Plastic deformation begins at the boundary CGB as the

material approaches the cutting tool.

The shear stress along CGB is

a constant for the workpiece material and is denoted by S., the initial
shear strength of the work material. Plane CG intersects the free
surface of the undeformed workpiece at k*? , at point C.

The shear and

normal stresses on plane CG are assumed to be of equal magnitude and

plane BG is assumed to be of a length equal to that of plane AB.
(This may be in slight error but a 10 percent change in the length of
plane BG was found to have a negligible effect on the resulting model
geometry.)
After crossing surface CGB the material is deformed by a
process of shear at a rapidly increasing rate until it reaches the
plane AB, which is assumed to be the plane of maximum shear stress and
shear strain rate.

The stress along plane AB will be dependent upon

the strain, strain rate, and temperature In the primary deformation zone

50

WORKPIECE

RELATIVE MOTION

F i g u r e 231

Model with S t r e s s e s Shown on Applicable P l a n e s

51

NS

Figure 241

Individual Zones of Proposed Model

52

and will, "therefore, vary slightly with rake angle and cutting speed.
The quantitative value" for S
the form of Equation

can be calculated from an equation of

(2k)

Once the material passes plane AB it is deformed at a

rapidly decreasing strain rate until it approaches plane BE where the
strain rate is very low.

The plane BE approximates the upper boundary

of the primary deformation zone and the shear stress on this plane
(denoted by S ) will be lower than that on plane AB due to the decreased
strain rate and slight increase in temperature at normal cutting speeds,
having greater effect than that of-the'additional.-plastic strain occurring between planes AB and BE.
2.

Zone BDE
Stresses are transmitted from the secondary'deformation zone

to the primary deformation zone through the zone BDE. It is assumed

that no deformation takes place in the zone but that the material is
stressed to Its. yield point.

The material passing through the secondary

deformation zone will arrive at plane BD in a workhardened state,

similar'to that of the material at plane BE. Thus, the magnitude of
the shear stress on plane BD will be very close to the magnitude of
the shear stress on plane BE.
It is reasonable to assume that the forces acting on the
chip after it passes through the region BDE are negligible. Hence,
the shear and normal stresses on plane DE will also be negligible.and
no forces will be transmitted across that plane. The planes BE and
BD are planes of maximum shear, stress and the shear stresses on* them
are equal.

Therefore, the triangle BDE must be a right isosoles tri-

53

angle with the magnitude of the normal stresses, N , on planes BD and

o
BE equal to S
3-

In order to maintain force equilibrium.

Secondary Deformation Zone - BDF

All planes of the zone BDF have normal and shear stresses

acting on them.

It has been .shown previously that the shear and nor-

mal stresses acting on plane BD are of the same magnitude, S .. The

o
length of plane DF Is defined to be the length of the chip tool Interface over which sticking occurs. The shear and normal stresses on
plane DF are designated as S_ and N , respectively; S may be greater
i

or l e s s than the s t r e s s S , depending on the deformation c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

of the m a t e r i a l . The s t r e s s conditions on the plane DF w i l l be shown
to c o n t r o l d i r e c t l y the geometry of the cutting process.
The p o s i t i o n of the plane BF Is defined by I t s deflection
from the h o r i z o n t a l and i t s i n t e r s e c t i o n with plane BD.

I t will.be

assumed t h a t the shear s t r e s s on plane BF is of magnitude S

normal stress Is of equal magnitude.

and the
s

The magnitude of the shear

stress on plane BF will lie somewhere near S , because of the high

s
strains, strain rates, and the decreased temperatures (due to heat
conduction Into the worfcpiece) present.

The entire model with stresses

on the appropriate planes Is shown in Figure 23.

Model Analysis
The experimental model (Figures 22 and 23) can be used to develop
expressions relating to the angles Y, 6, y, and , and the stresses S.,
S3 3SL> S , S , and N to the tool forces and the cutting geometry. An
f
f o
s
s
additional expression is required relating the work performed in cutting

5^

to that calculated as a function of the stresses present in the primary

deformation zone.
The total energy absorbed in metal cutting is determined by the
product of cutting speed and cutting force., It is composed of the -work
performed in the primary deformation zone and that performed in the secondary deformation zone.

It is felt that it would be difficult to analyze

the modes of deformation and the energy consumed on the secondary deformation zone because of the complex nature of the frictional and normal
stresses and the sliding and sticking present at the chip tool interface.
Hence, the "work of friction" (determined experimentally) will be sub^tracted from the total work 'in order to determine the work performed in
the primary deformation zone.
The work performed in the primary deformation zone per unit time
can be expressed analytically as a function of the stresses on, and deformation of an element passing through that zone.

The amount of time

required for this element to pass through the primary deformation zone
is a function of the size of that zone. Thus, the total work, performed
on the element as it passes through the primary deformation zone occurs
at a rate dependent upon the size of that zone. If this rate is to be
consistent with the experimental results it must be equal in magnitude
to the experimentally determined work rate. 'This constitutes an additional criterion which is applicable to the proposed model. Equations
S

S
s
f
will now be derived relating the dimensionless stress ratios and
o
o
and the angle parameters of the model.
Forces 'transmitted across planes EB and BF must be in equilibrium

with the cutting and thrust' forces as shown in the force polygon of

55

Figure 25.

Resolving horizontally:

= w S

BE [sin(Y+a) + cos(Y-**)] + w S BF [cos 6 - B sin 6]

s

(26)

and vertically

= w S

BE [cos (+<*) - sin(Y+a)] + w S

TJ

BF [sin 6 + 1 cos 6]

. (27)

Combining Equations (27) and (26) and substituting

BF _ sin Y
BE ~ co~s(a+6)

(28)

then solving for tan 8 gives

tan 6

t - N
Y cos a + =
F
c
Y sin a + N
F

(29)

+ 1
c

where
F'F.

F.
COS(QH-Y) +

+ 1

sin (a+Y)

(30)

sin Y

A force polygon of triangle BDF Is shown In Figure 26.

Resolving

parallel to the tool rake face for a unit width, w_, gives

S- DF = S

'f

ED cos - N

BD sin Y + S

BF [sin(a+6) + H cos(ctf-6)]
(31)

substituting

56

DIRECTION OF RELATIVE MOTION

N*S -BF-w
s

BF-w

F i g u r e 25;

F o r c e Polygon A c r o s s Surface E B F of Model

57

N AB-w
s

N-S BF-w
s
S BD-w
o

\
Fa

,wni

*" "" "**

N ! -S BF-w

fclffiS

sr
S/DF-w = F
f

F i g u r e 26,

F o r c e Polygons of T r i a n g l e s BDF and ABE of Model

BD _ cos(of+6)
DF ~ cosXa+6+Yy

and
BF
DF

sin Y
cos^a+6+Y)

then simplifying 3 gives

"

S
1 + tan Y + 77^- tan Y [tan(cH-6) + N]

f _

So

'

__^___

_OT_W___

1 - tan Y tanfof+6)

It can be shown from 'Figure 2Z that the unde

t , is given by
t

- AB sin y - BF sin 5

and the chip thickness, t , by

t

= BE cos Y + BD sin Y

Substituting

BE BD

AB _ c o s Y
BE ~ cos(Y-Qf)

and
EF _ s i n Y
BD " cos*(ff+6T

59

and then s o l v i n g for the c u t t i n g r a t i o , r

where r

i s d e f i n e d by Equa-

t i o n (5) > g i v e s :

cos Y s i n y
sin Y sin 6
c ~ cos(Y-a) [GO'S' Y + " i i n Y7 ~ cos(o+6) t c o s Y + s i n Yj

/L 0 <

^ *

Rearranging Equation (^40) gives

,
r cos a
tan y = p 1

''
' 7 ~ -

rpr j -

/ !(1 v
ikl)

S i n Of

: (1+tanY)

whe re
+ an

r *r +
1

T ^ in

(k2)

=- ,

cos(a+6) [ 1 + tan Y]

'

The f o r c e polygon for the t r i a n g l e ABE i s shown in Figure 2 7 .

R e s o l v i n g p a r a l l e l t o AB
S. AB w s w BE S

{ cos[y-(v-a)] + sin[Y-(v-a)] ]

(^3)

Substituting

EB
AB

cos(y-g)
cos Y

(hks
}

gives
S
~- = {[l + tan Y] cos(Y-Qf) - [l - tan Y] sin(Y-ff)} cos(y-a) .
o

05)

The lengths of the planes of the proposed model can also be determined
using the fact that BE and BD are of equal length. Rearranging Equation

6o

CG-SINf

AB-COSy
CG-COSJ

F i g u r e 27 s

P r i m a r y Deformation Zone of Model

6i

(36) g i v e s :
t
BE = 7 ^ ~ r ~ ~ y
(cos Y"-^Tsi^Y)

(k6)

from, triangle BDF:

BF = ~COS
r #(Q+6)
^ T

(*7)

DTP _ BD cos(q+Y+fi)
cos(a-4-6j

fl,Qx

and

and from t r i a n g l e ABE:

._
BE c o s f
COsXy-aJ
AB =
7T~

.,
W)

R e a r r a n g i n g Equation (26) g i v e s

so =

S j

w SEE [sin(f+or) + cos(f+ff)] + ~ BE [cos

^
o

(50)

6 - N sin 6] ^

An equilibrium diagram of the forces acting on tetrahedron CGBA

is shown in Figure 27. Solving for the initial shear strength of the
workplace material, S., gives:

S cQs(y-5) + S g sin(y-g)
-^--^2^^

'

where the normal stress on plane AB (N ) Is obtained by resolving forces

62

acting on triangle A B E perpendicular to plane A B ; that is,

N g = S Q | | [cos(Y+cr-Y) - siri(Y+a-Y)]

and where the shear stress S

(52)

is written as
s

S 4cr ^
S

(53)

( "o

The angle ^ can be determined from Equation (51) for a given initial shear
strength of the workpiece material, S., where (0 < g < y )
i

In order to compute the work performed in the primary deformation

zone a value for the mean stress on that zone is required.

The actual

stress will be somewhat greater than S, and less than S .

(Preliminary

computations showed that the stress was close to S over a wide range of
o
cutting conditions and therefore this value was used in all subsequent
calculations..)
The sum total of all work per unit time performed in the primary
deformation zone in compression and shear is given by (see Appendix II):
2
W , = S w
pt
o

-- + tan v
rq

where the average time required for an element to pass through this zone
is given approximately by (see Appendix II):

m
_ AB (Y+Of-g)
rq
V (1+r
J
^
c%
c

/.55\

63

and where the area of primary deformation zone Is approximately

= | MB)
yu.i-i

t,

(Y+a-) + ^ h AC

(56)

i.

The angle (Y+a-?) is expressed in radians, and the length of plane AG

Is given by:

'

AC = AB [sin y - sin + cos % - cos y~\

(57)

The perpendicular distance, h, from point G to plane AC (Figure 27) is

h = AB [sin

~ sin E]

(58)

The angle v is the angle through which a unit square element must be
sheared to maintain continuity of material flow throughout deformation
and is given by (see Appendix I I ) :

r cos 0 - sin(ff~0)
tan v = 7 r v

(.59)

COS(Q--0)

The t o t a l work r a t e performed d u r i n g t h e c u t t i n g o p e r a t i o n I s

given by:

W.n = F V
t>l
c c
The work r a t e performed by " f r i c t i o n "

- = F V
KI

(1)

i s given by:

,
C

where the force parallel to the rake face of the tool Is given by:

(60)

6k

F =F
c

sin a + F, cos a
t

(6l)

The work rate performed In the primary deformation zone (as determined
experimentally) is then given by:

W , = W,, - W,
pd
Ll
kf

(62)

Sufficient expressions have now been derived to analyze cutting test

data.

The analysis Is performed In the following manner.

The basic material- properties of mass density (p), specific heat

(C, ).,, and thermal conductivity (k), are obtained from standard tables.
P
The initial shear strength of the work material (S.) Is determined by a
1

comparison of the initial micro-hardness of the workpiece and that listed

In a materials handbook. A cutting test is performed with a fixed cutting
speed (V ) } rake angle (a), chip width (w), and undeformed chip thickness
c
(t ) . The results of the cutting test yield the chip thickness (t ) the
cutting force (F ) , and the thrust force (F ).
Using an Iterative procedure the angle Y Is found which results
in agreement, between W , and W n with the desired degree of accuracy
pt
pd
while maintaining the equality of the system of Equations (28) to (51)
for the angles 8 3 v, 3 S,, and the stress S . Although multiple solutions may exist for the angle Y3 from the geometry one can observe that
the range of interest will be such that

. 0< f< I ,
and that Y will generally be small.

The trivial case of no. secondary

65

deformation zone existing occurs when f is equal to 0.

This solution

completely defines the geometry of the model and the dimensionless stress
S
. S
f for a given set of cutting conditions.
ratios ~ s and ^

66

CHAPTER V

MODEL APPLICATION
The preceding chapter has shown how the proposed model can be
used In the analysis of experimental results, given a, V , t , t , F ,
c
1
c. c
F for a particular metal cutting test. In order to test the complete
Xf

validity of the model It must be capable of analyzing experimental data

produced from a wide range of cutting conditions. The range of experimental cutting tests analyzed with the present model was limited at low
cutting speeds and low rake angles by the formation of a built-up edge
on the tool rake face and at high speeds by exceeding the power available
to perform the cutting operation.

The geometry of the dynamometer pre-

cluded using rake angles greater than *+5 degrees.

The numerical values for the stresses S , S , and S , the angles
SJ

0?

8, y, 5?

an(

i ^?

an<

^- "the stress ratio

for each test were determined by

o
selecting the angle f which gave agreement between the work performed
In the primary deformation zone as determined by the experimentally
measured tool forces and that determined from the stresses and the
assumed mode of deformation In the primary deformation zone. These
stress values are listed In Tables 3J ^J ^S an(i 6 In Appendix I.

It is

seen that the only stress which remains approximately constant Is S ,

s
and a means of correlating the other stresses with the Individual tests
Is required.

Further analysis of the machining process must be made,

The stress required to deform any workhardened material depends

6?

on. its previous strain history, temperature, and, the rate at which deformation is occurring.

Hence, these quantities should be included in any

analysis of the metal cutting process. In order to explain satisfactorily

S~
s
changes in S , S , S , and -7- , it is necessary to examine the strain.,
I

o
strain rate, and temperature conditions in both the primary and secondary
deformation zones.
The shear strain associated with machining for a shear plane mO'del
of the cutting process (the use of this plane being justifiable because
in this area the mode of deformation is not important) is given by:

= cot 0 + tan(0-a)

(63)

s
1 .2
a f t e r Merchant '" , where 0 i s t h e shear angle as defined, by Equation

(h),

The a v e r a g e r a t e of s t r a i n i n t h e primary deformation zone which

depends on the average s i z e of t h a t zone i s given by (see Appendix I I ) ;

v,

= 0.2

's

[l

+ r

]/[AB(Y+<*-5;)]

sec"1

(&h)

4/

If a parabolic velocity distribution throughout the secondary deformation zone is assumed as being reasonable (see reference 15) then
the strain rate is given by:
OA V r

Y2 T - t i r r

sec

"

>

o
where 1 is the chip tool length, i.e., plane DF of Figure 22.
o
Procedures for calculating the temperature in the primary and
secondary deformation zones based on plane heat sources and a shear

(65)

68

plane model of the metal cutting process have,been given by several

workers

45,^-9

These procedures have been shown to give results in good

agreement w i t h experimental data

the present work..

k&

and it is proposed to use them' in

Consequently, a mean or average temperature will be

computed for the zones rather than the complete temperature distribution
as it actually occurs.
The total amount of heat generated during the cutting process is
given by
F

V
c

%1

irr,

CHU

IJm

mdrT

(66)

The amount of heat generated by forces parallel, to the rake face of the
tool is given by
c
q

CHU

f = "TTioo-

ST

//-^v

'

(67)

where F is defined by Equation (6l). The heat generated in the primary

deformation zone due to deformation is approximately the difference of
Equations (66) and (67)5 that is,

9 ^ CL-I - <L>
^s
tl
H

CHU
~^~~
min

(68)

Tne percentage of this heat which is conducted into the workpieee is

given by
p^ = 0 A 7 5 - 0.1^98 in e

or

(69)

after Weiner

45

= 0.10,

if 9 > 12

(70)

, where 9 is the thermal number and is given by

P c
e = 720
L

V t., tan (b
c 1

(71)

The maximum possible uniform temperature r i s e of the chip due to the deformation in the primary deformation zone i s given by

ft

*ts

op:

jj^jTT"*"T~"tTw7

(72)

p e l
Consideration of the heat transmitted to the workpiece gives an
approximation to the average uniform temperature rise of the chip due to
shear deformation in the primary deformation zone. This temperature rise
is clearly

's =[1 " h1 9ts

(73)

The average temperature rise of the chip due to "friction" at the chip
tool interface is given by

_
9

o.

UTi^T^t^V!

(7*0

and the maximum temperature r i s e a t the chip tool i n t e r f a c e by

9
= 0.72
mx

ri01
~s[0.k
B
T ^ tan T]
r
to
L 2J
0.856

'J

(75)

70

after Boothroyd

k-8 50

where:
~~

p c

720
B =

(76)

LV
_~_
and 1

is the chip tool contact length (plane DF of the present model).

The maximum, temperature rise of the chip at the chip tool interface is
thus

=e

ma

+e

.MX

(77)

It is clear at this stage that equations' relating the stress to

the strain, strain rate, and temperature in the primary and secondary
deformation zones are required, i.e., the functional relationship:

T. = f.(v , V . J 1 - )
1
l V Y S J T l ' l'

must be evaluated,.

(78)'

In the present work it was decided to use an ex-

pression of the form

- a GT v

T
i

(A+BT)

's

v ( c+DT+F k*Y fl 3*)

Y

(79)

where i is 1, 2, or 3 and refers to one of the stresses S , S , or S ;

s o
y
in

i s the shear s t r a i n ; y ^ s ^he shear s t r a i n r a t e ; T i s temperature

C; and cr , G, A, B, C, D, and F are constants.

The constant C per-

mits the use of an a r b i t r a r y point of reference for the temperature T.

In t h i s work the reference point was taken as the ambient temperature.

71

Equation (79) was used as it is slightly more general than that proposed
21
by Lubann 5 and it gave slightly better results.
The results of cutting tests over a wide range of experimental
conditions were substituted into Equation (79) and the constants of the
functional relationships between the stresses> strains,, strain rates,
and temperatures determined. These equations were then used to predict
S
s
S3 S , and ^ . The percentage error of the prediction of the quanti1

ties S

and

_,

o S
= are shown in Tables 5 and 6 in Appendix I. Errors

in predicting S

o
o

are of the order of one percent. It can be seen from

Tables 5 and 6 that the percentage error for all predictions are extremely
small, thus giving strong justifications of the validity of the present
model.

72

CHAPTER VI
MODEL UTILIZATION
Introduction
The present mo-del of the orthogonal metal cutting process differs
from most others previously developed in that it can be used to predict
qualitatively the effects of changes in cutting speed and rake angle on
the tool forces and the geometry of the cutting process, The purpose
of this chapter is to develop the functional relationships which make
such predictions possible..
The functional relationships developed have been solved by a
complex iterative computer procedure (see Appendix 111).

The results of

this solution are compared with the experimental results in Figures 29

through 37 in Appendix I for the complete range of cutting speeds and
rake angles used in the experimental investigation.
The multivalue characteristics of trigonometrical functions can
lead in some cases to unrealistic solutions of an equation.

The solu-

tions of some trigonometric equations were obtained by an iterative procedure within a selected range of the angular variables which would give
a realistic geometry.

For example, it would seem intuitively obvious

that the angle f would lie in the range of 0 < Y < (90-a).

Similar

deductions can be made with respect to other angles (i.e., 0 < y <
(Y+Qf), 0 < < Y, etc.).
The known input parameters are the undeformed chip thickness (t ) ?

73

the cutting speed (V ), the rake angle (<x) , the material properties
(p, Cv , k, S_.). and the constants for the stress, strain, strain rate,
P
and temperature equation (Equation (79)) describing the stresses S , S ,
o 1
and S . These constants were determined from metal cuttins tests since
data concerning the properties of materials under the conditions of
strain, strain rate, and temperature present during metal cutting are not
currently available.
Given the seven input conditions, a solution to the'problem of
determining a unique geometry and the cutting forces may exist if the
number of unknown dependent variables and associated equations does not
exceed the numbers of known "independent variables.

The unknown vari-

ables are-the angles f5 6, y> and , the cutting and thrust forces (F
and f ) and the chip thickness (t ). Thus, it is at least possible for
c.

a solution %o exist.
Utilization
The block diagram for the iterative procedure used is shown in
Figure 28. The stress values for S and S lie within a relatively
to
"
s
o
.
small range. Any initial estimate of their values will be only a relatively small amount in error. In order to begin the iterative process
initial values of B and S are assumed. Trial values of the angles f
s
o
.
and 6 are also assumed.

The angle y is found by satisfying the previous-

ly derived relationship:
S

~iL = {[l + tan Y] cos(Y-a) - [ l - tan f] sin(y-Q')} cos(y-a)

O

(k<?)

FIRST STEP
ASSUME

INPUT

S AND S
s
o

START

ITERATE

sf = g < Y s , f 2 , T )

OUTPUT

EQUATION.

I A
s

BASIC

V AND 6

RELATIONSHIPS

Fc,Pt,

AND

t2

' s i '

S = f< T , T)
o
V

EITHER DIFFERENCE TOO LARGE

ADJUST
S
s

OR S
o

BOTH
EITHER DIFFERENCE
TOO LARGE

DIFFERENCES
SMALL

OUTPUT ACCEPTABLE

F i g u r e 28:

Block D i a g r a m of Iterative P r o c e s s

BOTH DIFFERENCES SMALL

STOP

in the range 0 < y <

(f+ot),

The cutting ratio r

is then calculated from the expression:

cos Y s i n y
sin Y sin 6
c " c o ^ Y " Q T T c o Y ~ r ^ i i T T T ~ cosXo'+syicos' f +"" s i n Yj
and t h e chip t h i c k n e s s

from

The c u t t i n g and t h r u s t f o r c e s a r e o b t a i n e d from

F

= w S BE Oin(Y+oO +' cos (+*)] + w S BF [cos 6 - N s i n 6]

o
s .

and
F. = w S
t
o

BE [COS(Y+CY) - s i n ( f + a ) ] + w S

BF [ s i n 6 + N cos 8 ]

where

BE

[cos Y'+ s i n T I

and

BF ^

BD s i n Y
cos

Ta+EJ

In o r d e r t o m a i n t a i n force e q u i l i b r i u m the s t r e s s S
the e x p r e s s i o n :

- S

rs f 1
o

O -

must sa

76

rS

f
Is determined from Equation (3^-), and S , as a function of
where' s
oJ
the strain,, strain rate, and temperature (determined through Equation (63)

to Equation (77)) of the secondary deformation zone, is calculated from

Equation (79) A comparison of the two means of calculating the rate of
work performed in the primary deformation zone (Equations (^k)

and (62))

Is made. A satisfactory trial solution Is found when this, comparison

and Equation (82) are both simultaneously satisfied.
The previously assumed values of the stresses S and S are now
s
o
compared with those predicted through use of the general stress equation,,
Equation (78), or the specific one, Equation (79)

If there is a signi-

ficant difference, new values for S , S , Y, and 6 are taken and the
3

sJ o
.
procedure Is repeated until all differences are sufficiently small,
The results of applying this process over the range of rake angles
from 20 to k^> degrees and speeds of 80 to 480 surface feet per minute are
plotted In Figures 29 through 37 in Appendix I, A discussion of the results and the assumptions necessary for the analysis follows In Chapter VII.

77

CHAPTER VII

DISCUSSION
Figure 29 is a plot of the shear angle (0) versus the difference
between the friction angle ($) and rake angle (a).

Many of the shear

1 2 5 7 8 etc.
angle theories ' y ' 3 '
'* and the experimental work upon which
these workers base their statements indicate that this graph should be
a straight line. It can be seen from Figure 29 that it could be possible
to place a "best" straight line through the least means square average
of the experimental data points with only a small amount of deviation.
Furthermore, this straight line would be relatively close to another
passed through the least means square average of the predicted data
points.

Thus, by the current standards of metal cutting analysis the

model developed here is of acceptable quality..

The value of the model cannot be judged from an all-inclusive plot
such as Figure 29. A more realistic judgment of the value of the model
can be made through evaluation of Figures 30, 31, 32, and 33? in which
the trends of the predicted friction angle and the predicted shear
angle agree extremely well with the results of experimental cutting
tests for both the variation resulting from changes in rake angle and
the variation resulting from changes In cutting speed.

Thus, a qualita-

tive prediction of the effects of changing the cutting speed of orthogonal machining of aluminum has been made with extremely good accuracy.
The results of using the developed model to predict the effects

78

of the change of speed and rake angle on the chip thickness. Figures 3^and 35? and the cutting forces. Figures 36a, 36b, and 37a, 37b > are also
excellent.

It is extremely doubtful that a better approximation to the

experimental data points shown for the two angle parameters or that a
much better one for the forces of cutting and the chip geometry could
be obtained over the entire range of speeds and rake angles. This qualitative agreement is the most significant indication of the value of the
model developed,
The primary result of this research is the model of the metal
cutting process and as such the assumptions used in its development are
of prime importance.

Overall justification of the sum total of all

assumptions made can be effectively summarized in the fact that the

model accurately predicts the effects of changes in cutting speed on the
chip thickness and the forces of cutting.

Specific justification of the

individual assumptions will now be made.

Basic Assumptions
Justification of the basic assumptions of the metal cutting process is not exceptionally difficult.

The analysis of non-plane strain

conditions would be exceedingly and unnecessarily complex and would add

a third dimension to the force, displacement, stress, and strain vectors obtained.

The presence of a built-up edge at the chip-tool inter-

face would most probably lead to non-steady state conditions during

cutting.

This would exceed the applicability of any model to be developed

at this time.
A single phase material whose deformation characteristics can be

79

described by a single equation is theoretically possiblej however, to

date the development of that equation independently has not occurred in
the range of high strains, strain rates, and temperatures inherent in
the metal cutting process.. This difficulty was overcome by the use of
metal cutting tests to determine an applicable material property equation.

In doing this if errors are introduced in using the experimental

metal cutting tests to develop the constitutive equations for each

stress, they preclude the use of that constitutive equation for any purpose other than the analysis of other metal cutting data. As such, the
errors made in developing a constitutive equation will be self cancelling
when that equation Is used to show the functional relationship between
stress, strain rate, and temperature for the appropriate material when
deformed in a metal cutting test.
The use of a lubricant during the cutting process is precluded
due to its indeterminate cooling properties and the questionable capability
of generating an appropriate expression for the shear stress at the chiptool interface.
A standard metal cutting, analysis using the shear plane approach
for determination of many metal cutting characteristics was necessary
in order to satisfactorily complete the analysis. A new derivation for
determining the strain, percentage of heat conducted to the workpiece,
and temperature rise at the chip-tool Interface would be beyond the
scope of this analysis and would not add appreciably to the analysis.

Model Geometry Assumptions

Primary Deformation Zone
The assumption that the initial shear strength of the work
material can be represented as a constant shear stress along surface
CGB is justifiable as being a mechanical property of the workpiece
material.

In order to maintain static equilibrium a surface does exist

along which a shear stress of constant magnitude acts. Plasticity

theory indicates that a surface of maximum shear stress intersects a
free surface at ^5 degrees and will have shear and normal stresses of
equal magnitude acting thereon. Plane CG is defined as having the properties of being a plane of 'maximum shear stress and it intersects a
free surface. Although it is not defined as being a slip line^ the
analogy is made that plane CG does intersect the- free surface at k^> degrees and does have equal shear and normal stresses acting on it.
The assumption that plane BGr and plane AB are of equal length is
purely arbitrary.

However, it is readily apparent that a small varia-

tion in the length of plane BG would result in only a slight variation

in the quantitative results of analyzing an experimental cutting test
(those quantitative results being the numerical values of the angles f
and 6).

Preliminary computations showed that a consistent variation of

10 percent in the length of plane BG had very little effect on the results of analyzing and predicting the results of a series of metal
cutting tests.
The plane AB is assumed to be the plane of maximum shear stress,
A free body diagram of the Primary Deformation Zone with stresses acting
on the appropriate planes will indicate that plane AB is the shortest

8l

plane which will Intersect the free surface CAE and pass through point B,
Hence, in order to maintain static equilibrium, the stress on plane AB
will be a maximum.
Secondary Deformation Zone
The shear stress on plane BD is assumed to be equal to that on
plane BE.

This assumption Is reasonable In light of the fact that the

material along plane BD will have been, deformed to a large amount of

strain,as will the material along plane BE.

The material along plane BD

will most probably have been strained slightly more than that along
plane BE but It is most probably at a slightly higher temperature. Hence,
these two factors will tend 'to offset each other and the assumption of
equal stresses being present Is not unreasonable. A plane will exist
which Intersects the free surface near the tool flank In a manner similar
to the plane CG.

This plane will be physically close to plane D:F and

will have equal shear and normal stresses acting on it. The magnitude
of the stresses acting on plane DF Is assumed to be equal to S because
of the high strain to which the material has been subjected as it passed
through the primary deformation zone and the cooling effects of the workpiece material. An Intuitive case can be made to justify the direction
of the normal stress on plane BF as being either tensile or compressive.
However, In order to maintain static equilibrium of a reasonably shaped
zone BDF with S

being larger than 1 , it Is apparent that the normal

stress along plane BF must be compressive. A qualitative justification

of this Is shown in Figure 26,where, if a reasonable geometry of the
cutting process Is assumed, i.e., the angles f and 6 are relatively small,
the friction angle (3 would be of the magnitude shown as (3 in Figure 26.

82

In most metal machining, the friction angle is much larger than this decreased angle, fj'.
The tool nose forces have been neglected because their relative
magnitude is small, while the static equilibrium of the chip requires
that the tool nose forces be transmitted across surface CGBF a,nd hence
at least a large portion of the tool nose forces are inherent in the
analysis of experimental data.
The determination of the strain rate of the secondary deformation
zone is based on the assumption that the velocity distribution therein
is parabolic.

This may be in error but the error will be systematic

throughout the analysis and hence will be self-cancelling in predicting

metal cutting test results. A similar justification can be made for the
development of the average strain rate in the primary deformation zone.
This is acceptable in the present analysis because the comparison is
qualitative.
Thus, individual basic assumptions inherent to this analysis are,
at least in*part, justifiable and the sum total of all errors associated
with the assumptions do not result in large variation in the ability of
the model to predict metal cutting results.
Independent Correlation
Zorev

kS

found an area of sticking and an area of sliding between

the chip and tool at the chip-tool interface.

analytically,by Bailey and Boothroyd

15

This has been verified

. These works form the basis for

neglecting the sliding region at the chip-tool interface in the present

work.

83

ko
In high speed hot machining of chromium-molybdenum steels, Sata
found the shear stress In the shear zone remained approximately constant
with increased cutting speed but decreased with rising temperature of
the workpiece.

This Is especially significant since an Increase In

speed yielded large Increases In cutting temperature.

The conclusion

drawn by Sata was that the effects of an increase in strain rate were
offset by the effects of an Increased cutting temperature. Ostafiev and
32
Kobayashi
found that the stress-strain curve obtained during metal
cutting yielded a slightly higher stress for a given strain than that
of a static compression test. The results of these two experimental
Investigations support the use of an equation of the form.of Equation (79)
to describe the deformation characteristics of a generalized material
during metal cutting.
23
Shaw
has listed the Important factors in the orthogonal metal
cutting process in an approximate order of importance as follows.
"1.
2.

Chips are produced by a shear process.

There is a strong Interaction between the shear deformation occurring in the shear zone and that occurring on the
tool face.

3. Most materials strain harden.

k.

A built-up edge is usually present at low cutting speeds.

5. At high cutting speeds a secondary shear zone is present

in the chip along the tool face,
6.

Chips frequently curl and this in turn changes the chiptool contact length.

7.

The chip-tool contact length may be controlled by tool

design.

8. Dull tools or tools cutting with a large BUE will have a

rounded cutting edge." (BUE is an acronym for built-up edge.)

Ok

"9.

Forces exist on the relief face of a tool, especially when

an appreciable wear land is present..

In addition to the steady-state problem there are several important

problems associated with non-steady state input conditions, such as variable undeformed chip thickness (t), speed (V) } rake angle (a), depth of
cut (b), or material properties. . . . Solutions that incorporate the
important concepts of items 2, h? and 5 seem to be missing."
The model as developed in the present work has included many of
23
these phenomena noted by Shaw ".

Of the five more important phenomena,

only the built-up edge is excluded from this analysis. Variations of

chip geometry and cutting forces with variable cutting speed are included.

85

CHAPTER VIII

CONCLUSIONS
The results of the development of a theoretical mo-del of orthogonal machining are quite good In that (a) the change of chip geometry
and cutting forces resulting from changes in rake angle are qualitatively
predicted extremely well, and (b) the changes of chip geometry and cutting
forces resulting from changes In cutting speed are also qualitatively
predicted extremely well.
The model proposed in the present work is a significant advancement In the understanding of the orthogonal machining process.

86

CHAPTER IX

RECOMMENDATIONS
It is felt that further development .of this work-would be redundant with the exception of further study of the built-up edge.

It is

not felt that the extension of the present work to a built-up edge
analysis would be feasible.
In order to prove the generality of the analysis, application of
the model to other materials could be made in the future,
A great deal of work is required in order to understand the
behavior of materials at high deformation rates and varying temperatures.
Until advancements occur In this field further metal cutting analyses
will be of limited value.

87

APPEMDIX I

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

88

Table 1.

Nominal
Rake Angle
(degrees)

Nominal and Actual Cutting Speeds and Rake Angles

Actual

Rake Angle
(degrees)

Nominal
Cutting Speed
(SFPM)

Actual
Cutting Speed
(SFPM)

20

18.5

80

78

25

25.3

120

117

30

29.6

160

156

35

3]+3

2k0

235

ko

4o.Q

320

310

k5

^5.0

^80

U70

89

Table 2.

Rake Angle
(degrees)

Experimental Cutting Test Results

Cutting Force
(pounds)

Thrust Force
(pounds)

Chip Thickness
(inches)

80
80
80
80
80
80

726.4
684.6
63^.5
5^2.7
450,8
U00.7

U00.1
339.2
269.6
200.0
147.8
113.0

0.116
0.110
O.O98
O.O85
0,066
0.053

20
25
30
35
40
45

120
120
120
120
120
120

684.6
642.9
58U.4
500.9
425.8
384.0

382.7
313.1
243.5
182.6
139.1
104.3

0.110
0.102
O.O9I
0.078
O..O63
0.052

20
25
30
35
1+0
I45

l60
160
160
160
160
160

642.9
601.1
551.0
467.5
409.1
375.7

356.6
295.7
226.1
165.2
113.0
95.6

0.105
0.096
0.084
0.072
0.060
0.051

20
25
30
35

240
240
2^0

ko
k$

240
240

617.8
576.1
526.0
U50.8
400.7
367.3

313.1
260.9
208.7
147.8
104.3
86.9

0.101
0.091
0.079
0.067
0.057
0.050

20
25
30'
35

320
320
320
320
320
320

592.8
551.0
492.6
43^.1
392.4
359.0

287.0
234.8
191.3
130. U
95.6
86.9

0.096
0.085
0.073
0.063
0.054
0.048

hQo

450.8
417.4
384.0
350.6

173.9
121.7
86.9
78.2

0.069
0.061
0.052
0. okG

-x20
25
30
35
40
^5

Cutting Speed
(SFPM)

X-

ko
45
30
35
40
1+5

2^4-0

480
480
480

Data questionable due to built-up edge possibility.

Table 3-

Stress S

x 10

_3

in psi

Cutting
Speed
(SFPM)

i.

'

''
Rake Angle (degrees)

20

25

30

35

1+0

1+5

80

22.0

21.6

21.9

20.9

21.3

22.5

120

21.6

21.6

21.1+

20.7

20.8

21.8

2^0

20.6

20.9

21.1+

20.8

21.1

21.5

320

20.5

21.1

21.3

21.1

21.6

21.5

"X"X'

20.3

20.8

21.9

22.0

if80

V ,y,
A A

,
Data q u e s t i o n a b l e due t o b u i l t - u p edge p o s s i b i l i t y ,
Exceeded power of l a t h e .

r-

-XT-

s
i

Table 4 .

Stress Ratio
b

Cutting
Speed
(SFPM)

20

80

Rake Angle ( d e g r e e s )
*

25

30

.35

4o

45

1.467

1.462

1.422

1.361

1.284

1.229

120

1.434

1.411

I.369

JL e J 3 *-- ^

1.251

1.209

160

1.396

1.363

1323

1.263

I.225

1.197

240

1.336

1.323

1.285

1.228

1.202

1.184

320

. 1.332

1.300

1.250

1.212

1.190

I.I67

48o

X-*

-X~X-

1,216

1.202

1.190

1.171

-X-

Data q u e s t i o n a b l e due t o b u i l t - u p edge p o s s i b i l i t y .

JHf

Exceeded power of lathe.

92

Table 5.

Cutting
Speed
(SFPM)

S t r e s s S x 10
o

in p s l

Rake Angle (degrees)

20

25

30

35

ko

1+5

80

15.0

ik.S

15A

1 5 . j+

16.6

18,3

120

15.1

15.3

15.6

15.8

16.6

18.0

l60

15.1

15.5

16.2

16.2

16.9

18.1

2^0

15.2

15.8

16.7

16.9

17.6

18.1

320

15.1+

16.3

17.0

17. h

18.2

18.5

U80

*fc

-X*

16.7

17.3

18.1+

18 ..7

Data q u e s t i o n a b l e due t o b u i l t - u p edge p o s s i b i l i t y . .

#-#
Exceeded power of lathe.

Stress S x 10 -S~ in osi

Table b.

Cutting
Speed
(SFPM)

Rake Angle (degrees)

20

25

30

35

4o

45

80

66.0

56.8

50,0'

4l.i

39.0

42.5

120

64.2

52.8

44.0

37.3

35.6

37.9

160

58.7

48.0

4o.3

34.1

31.8

34.5

24o

51.1

42.1

36.2

30,4

28.4

29.5

320

45.8

37-9

33.2

28.5

27.7

30.3

480

**

**

29.2

2:6.0

27.6

33.2

-X-

Data questionable due to b u i l t - u p edge p o s s i b i l i t y .

Exceeded power of l a t h e .

9k

Table 7.

. M .

Cutting
Speed
(SFPM)

"

Percent Error In Predicting S

' ' ' " " ' r TTrV"' ^

Rake Angle (degrees)

"' '

I.

. i .

20

25

30

35

Ho

+5

80

+10.8

+0.1

+0.7

+0.7

-5.1

-0.2

120

+1.3

+0.3

+1.7

-0.4

-5.7

+0.5

160

-1.9

-6.2

-o.U

+2.0

+6.5

+1.3

2i+0

+22.2

+5.4

-1.6

+2.6

+1.5

-3.8

320

+24.7

+6.4

-5.2

++.7

+1.0

-4.6

*-#

-8.3

+0.3

+1.4

+1.7

1+80

,v.v.
'A A

Data questionable due to built-up edge possibility,

Exceeded power of lathe,

_____

____

s
Table 8,

Percent Error in Predicting -^~o

Cutting
Speed
(SFPM)

Rake Angle (degrees)

Or,

20

30

3r;

ko

H5

80

-2.8

+1.0 .

+0.6

-0.3

-0.9

-o.U

120

+0.3

-0.1

-0.3

-0.5

-0.6

-0.1

160

-0.6

-0. h

-0.2

+0.3

+0.2

+0.2

2^0

-0.5

-0.1

-0.1

+o. 9

+0.6

+0,3

320

-0.8

-o.k

-0.1

+0.7

+0.U

-0.6

i+8o

*#

*$r

-0.2

-0..1

-0.8

-0.7

'

'.

'

., .

Data questionable due to built-up edge possibility,

Exceeded power of lathe.

, ,-..-

.,

, _ , , . ,

30
enn25

+-ff

CD

o
o

20

e
Q&-

*&

+ ^+
Je)

*< 15

tn

10

|J

e
* \b+

jwimiri.

Oiiiminii. iiii*

iji,

ini

n,i III.

10

n - r r t n r ' r- n - ^ % T I

fci

15

m.mnuft, mm. .

t ^ ;*

m,

JU a

miiin .nfc-.,.*-J

20

FRICTION ANGLE - RAKE ANGLE

>

30
Deg.

( 3- a.)
MATERIAL: 1100-0 Al; TOOL MATERIAL: HSS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT
+ PREDICTED DATA POINT

FIGURE 29: SHEAR ANGLE vs. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

FRICTION ANGLE AND RAKE ANGLE

97

65
V - 120 SFPM ^
60
.*
55
50
45
20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

<

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

160 SFPM

65 V
L
240 SFPM
60 \r C
55150 \
^

/ *

= 45

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

UJ

TS*^1

<
O

60
55
50

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

UJ 60

V 320 SFPM
c

55 *"

V = 480 SFPM
.*
c
*r

< 50
S

-iy

JT 40
20 25 30-35

40 45

rv.

u-

RAKE ANGLE Deg.

45 h

= 4oL

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

MATERIAL: 1100-0 Al ; TOOL MATERIAL: HSS; t,- 0.0202 ins.

EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT;

FIGURE 3ft

PREDICTED DATA POINT;

FRICTION ANGLE vs. RME ANGLE

FOR VARIOUS CUTTING SPEEDS

601o
ia . RAKE ANGLE - 20
o

60K

% 55

RAKE ANGLE - 25

| 50i**"*"*-_
z 45
z 45 240[
240
o
80 120 160 240 320 480 y
80 120 160 240 320 480
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

5 50 tL

UJ
O

60F
J

uu60

RAKE ANGLE - 30

#-$

^50
z 45
40
P
80 120 160 240 320 480
oc:
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM
.0

RAKE ANGLE - 40

UJ 2

* - * *

< 3?

z: 50
^45
S

3 55
1 50
z 45
_.
- - ... _
2 40 .. .
oj
80 120 160 240 320 480
Of
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

UJ

o 60
'4

RAKE ANGLE - 35

65 F

RAKE ANGLE 45

p 60
< 55
z 50 S-

= 45

80 120" 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

S
2:

80 1*20 "160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

MATERIAL: 1100-O A!; TOOL MATERIAL HSS; t j - 0.0202 ins.

o EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT: ^PREDICTED DATA POINT;

FIGURE 31:

FRICTION ANGLE vs. CUTTING SPEED

FOR VARIOUS RAKE ANGLES

99

en
O03
LU

CD

25 20 -

V = 80 SFPM

~2L 11?
<

HK"**

!|20 I-

tr

<

10

nr^

<c 5

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

"IE

ST 1 -*

10 %
1
<c 5 -

V - 120 SFPM
c

co

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

ion

o30 h

160 SFPM

UJ9S

V - 240 SFPM

I L.J

2f2u "

<15 .
<10 *

<10 I*
UJ

oo

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg,

en
Q

uo

-+
o

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

crn

J?t

V = 320 SFPM

g20f

/S^

y 25 F

^.j

< 15 L _ ^ - * /
<10 F
20 25 30 35 40 45
CO
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

Q30 h

i 2 5 r
i20
<

V - 480 SFPM
x-~*0

'o

15 h

SFID
CO

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

MATERIAL: 1100-O Al; TOOL MATERIAL: HSS; t = 0.0202 ins.

I

o EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT; ^-'PREDICTED DATA POINT;

FIGURE 32:

SHEAR ANGLE vs. RAKE ANGLE

FOR VARIOUS CUTTING SPEEDS

CH n r
CD LJ

en *>c

RAKE ANGLE

20

20

CD CJ

20 I RAKE ANGLE - 25

o 15 < 10 k !
OO

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

^30
25

LA

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

^30

RAKE ANGLE = 30o

t&J

eJ20
, - *
115
as 10 V
80 120 160 240 320 480
i/i
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM
- *

S>35 \
30 o 25 F

25
LU

o ^
< I5

" RAKE ANGI4.05l_j

C 10
UO

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

35
^30 <D

RAKE ANGLE = 40

i 20 -

15 -*~~"*'
to

0 5
<

.(|t

*-

^i$*

o &
^20

RAKE ANGLE - 45
^^.+''A"--^

9 _f-^

Q 15

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

LLJ

-1"

uo

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

MATERIAL: 11O0-O Al; TOOL MATERIAL: HSS; tT= 0.0202 ins.

EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT; N - PREDICTED DATA POINT;
FIGURE 33:

SHEAR ANGLE vs.CUTTING SPEED

FOR VARIOUS RAKE ANGLES

101

12
OS

11

J
CM

rfsswte

m-"~|

"an.

? % . V - 80 SFPM

12
S 11 p

6
5

HJ^

10
9
8

\J

CM
O

4.

s
^ A

t/i
CD

V - 160 SFPM
c

\ c?

5
20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

Illj2 10 *
O

"T"

^ 6

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

11
10

Vc= 120 SFPM

'

V - 240 SFPM

8 -

CM

rH

CM

x 5
^ 4

R 4

7 .
6 -

CM
'CD

_ c

320 SFPM

'4

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.
a>
xz

imiiujpiiiiii'

-^

'4.

t/>

cz

4
20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

i/5

6 I-

CM c

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

7O L
r

V = 480 SFPM
c

8F7
CM
4s

6
X
5
~^4
CM
~ 20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

MATERIAL 1100-0 A!; TOOL MATERIAL: HSS; t,= 0.0202 ins.

EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT;
FIGURE 34:

"^PREDICTED DATA POINT;

CHIP THICKNESS vs. RAKE ANGLE

to

19

OJ
jf""

o^x,

JL Lm

RAKE ANGLE - 20l

17

f--

At,

11

Ls&ta

10

CM
CD

o>

*" wL

10

CM

t3
ratoasBE^

80 120 160 240 320 480 . J *

CUniNG SPEED in SFPM

,o
RAKE ANGLE = 30

</>

10
x:
03

*/>
o>

JH
#""

r-H

X
CM

80 120 160 240 320 480 +S

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

to

RAKE ANGLE

a>
_c

6 h
5

CM

40

CM
CD

rf8*8*

KamJ

x
~S"

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUniNG SPEED in SFPM

MATERIAL: 1100-0 Al;

7
6
5

RAKE ANGLE - 45

|-

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUniNG SPEED in SFPM

TOOL MATERIAL HSS;

o EXPERIMENTAL DATA POINT;

FIGURE 35:

x
-F4

80' 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

t/j

RAKE ANGLE = 35

8
7

CM

7
6

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

fi
O
CD

RAKE ANGLE = 25

t, - 0.0202 ins.

+ X PREDICTED DATA POINT;

CHIP THICKNESS vs. CUTTING SPEED

'

1*

\ o

61

Z3
O

F
\

"5

CM

> 4 I"' ^

to

F\

'

8.5

V =
+v
c
80 S F P M i H

C\J

o 4

3 O

o
a:

QC

ix. C

^*-

F.

1"

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

t/l

"O

=> 5

NfflC

o
o

9 2H

IF

Nl
F
t

^*

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

Q EXPERIMENTAL POINT;

LO

^PREDICTED DATA POINT;

'o

120 SFPM

MATERIAL 1100-0 Al;

o
o.
Cvl

%,
^

t,= 0.0202 ins.

1
TOOL MATERIAL HSS;

V - 160 SFPM
- - ^

F
* ^

lf.j

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.
FIGURE 36a:

CUTTING & THRUST FORCE vs.RAKE ANGLE

FOR VARIOUS CUTTING SPEEDS

CO
o

6 -

6|-o
CO

\? F

d.

"O

Oo

4 -

o
*+ -K, o

ii

3 -o

O o
ex.
O

V = 240 SFPM

4-

3 .- : fl

V = 320 SFPM
c
<*

\ *

1 "

5 +

F,

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

MATERIAL: 1100-O Al;

o
O

O
CL

r-H

+ +

CO

C\J

cv,

V*

O
CL

20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

-VD
C

5|-

^PREDICTED DATA POINT

?

V - 480 SFPM
c

P EXPERIMENTAL POINT
t.= 0.0202 ins.

O
*U
O

TOOL MATERIAL: HSS

.FtNft
20 25 30 35 40 45
RAKE ANGLE Deg.

FIGURE 36b: CUTTING & THRUST FORCES vs. RAKE ANGLE

FOR VARIOUS CUTTING SPEEDS

to
"O

Z3 0

o
CM
I

RAKE
"c
ANGLE = 20

^ *

o 3

Hi

"H 4 r
3

RAKE ANGLE = 25

SriraL.

~^4

QC

IX

2
80 120 160 240 320 480
CUTTING SPEED In SFPM

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

v* 6 r
"T3

*
""^*^w

FSJ

CM

MATERIAL

1100-0 Al

o 4 f*
P=I

,0

RAKE ANGLE = 30

lo

fih

a:

-?-*

F
* _

O ?
Is

PREDICTED DATA POINT

EXPERIMENTAL POINT
L = 0.0202 inches
1

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

TOOL MATERIAL: HSS

FIGURE 37a:CUTTING AND THRUST FORCES vs. CUTTING SPEED

FOR VARIOUS RAKE ANGLES

V)

re

Lw

sr

ussra!

&%

ft

+.ft
CM

CM

f~*4
""feSBSSS*?

x 3
RAKE ANGLE - 35
O 9 l-e

C3

#j

iajm

loffl

{pyaP

&s

RAKE ANGLE - 40
F
t
.

1F
80 120 160 240 320 480
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

80 120 160 240 320 480

CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

to

lz4

CM
O n i

rI L, r
St***

?_?
F

RAKE ANGLE = 45

F
t

MATERIAL
\

1100-0 Al

PREDICTED DATA POINT

EXPERIMENTAL POINT
t, = 0.0202 inches

VsJ
Ores

o 0
80 120 160 240 320 480
CUTTING SPEED in SFPM

TOOL MATERIAL: HSS

FIGURE 37b: CUTTING AND THRUST FORCES vs. CUTTING SPEED

FOR VARIOUS RAKE ANGLES

107

APPENDIX I I

RATE OF WORK IN PRIMARY DEFORMATION ZONE

108

APPE1DIX II
Introduction
An expression is to be derived which will relate the rate of work
performed in the Primary Deformation Zone during metal cutting to the
stresses and rate of deformation associated with the model of the metal
cutting process which has been developed.

The following analytical re-

sults are not unique In that other solutions may exist and^ In fact,
may be easily developed.

The primary strength of the following analysis

is that in use any small errors present when the model is used to investigate the results of a series of experimental tests will be systematic and
in turn will be self correcting when the model is used to predict the
qualitative results of a series of metal cutting tests.

Development
The initial element is shown in Figure 38 at ABCD,, as It would
appear prior to deformation. After completely passing through the primary deformation zone the element can be represented by a parallelepiped
of width w, height t , and base length EF... If ABCD is a rectangular
parallelepiped of size t x t x w, then the length of EF Is given by
t 'x r

and the deformation can be divided into two portions: (l) hypo-

thetical pure compression from the element ABCD to an element of dimensions t ? x EF, I.e.. j a rectangular parallelepiped EFIJ; and5 (2) shear
deformation of this rectangular element through the angle v to the
condition EFGH.

109

A
WORKPIECE

F i g u r e 38;

Shear Plane Model Used to D e t e r m i n e Deformation

as a Function of Shear and C o m p r e s s i o n

110

The work performed in these two separated processes occurs simultaneously and comprises the total amount of work performed in the
primary deformation zone. The pure compression deformation results in
the chip segment being compressed from dimensions t1 x t
sions t x (r
2

t) where r
r

to the dimen-

is the cutting ratio. Figure 38 also

shows a chip element before and after being subjected to pure compression
The average normal force on the single element will be
4F
av
where S

av

W<X-LM

av

(83)

is the average normal stress on the element, and Ax and Au are

defined in Figure 38.

The distance the force AF

moves is given by Ay - Av. Thus, the

incremental work performed is given by

AW

= S
c

(** + Au)(Ay - Av)

av

No generality is lost if
Ay = Ax

(85)

and since continuity of mass flow must occur, then

Av - r Ay

(86)

and
Au = ^
rc

(87)

Ill

Substituting into Equation (83) yields

1 -r
AW - S
w Ax Ay
c
av

(88)

2 r

and taking the limit as Ax and Ay -* 0 yields

1 -r
dW = S w
c
av

2 r

dA
G

(89)

. The amount of shear deformation of the element can be represented

by the pure shear deformation from condition EFIJ to condition EFGH of'
Figure 36. .
In order to find the amount of shear deformation it will temporarily be assumed that the primary deformation zone can be represented as
a shear plane. No generality will be lost in this case because only the
amount of shear deformation is of current interest.

The mode of shear

deformation will be incorporated further into the analysis.

In order to maintain continuity of material flow when an elementary
particle travels (Figure 38) from point "D" to point "C" a particle that
was at point "A" will have reached point "B." After crossing line CE a
particle travels with velocity V^ r , while before it crosses line CE
c c
it travels with velocity V . Thus, while an element at point B travels
from B to E, an element at point C travels from C to H and length CH
is given,by
CH = BE'r

(90)

112

where
.BE = CE cos. 0

.(91)

The angle v can be found from

tan v =* v- . .,
Z

(92)

where
JH=CH-CJ

(93)

and CJ is given by
CJ = CE sin(a-0)

(9*0

and finally,
t2
cos(-0) = Qf

(95)

Substituting for JH and CH in Equation (92) and simplifying gives:

r
tan v *

cos 0 - sin(o,-0)
rn
cos(a-0j

(59)

If the shear stress of deformation of the element of Figure 33

is assumed to be equal to S

- then the elemental work performed will be

av

AW

= S
s

w Au Av tan v

av

and taking the limit as the element size approaches zero yields

(96)

113

dW = S
w
P
av

1 - r
(

+ tan. v dA

(97)

2 r

wher e

d = dW + dW
p
c
s

(98)

The average velocity of an element In .passing through the primary

deformation-zone is given as
V

(1+r )
c

av

(99)

the average distance an element travels as it passes through the primary

deformation zone (Figure 27) is approximately

D = | A.B (Y+o-g)

where (f+Qf-) Is expressed in radians.

(100)

[Bins,, the average time required

for an element to pass through the primary deformation zone is given as

the distance divided by the velocity, or

AB (Y+Qf-5
zSi
rq

Tl+r)

(55)

If the elementary work is summed over the entire area of the primary deformation zone and it occurs at a rate dependent on the average time
required to pass through that zone, then the work per unit time occurring
in the primary deformation zone is given as:

llU

1 -r
W ,_ = S w
pt
o

2 r

+ tan v

Apdz
C
rq

(5U)

where the average stress of the primary deformationzone is assumed to

be S .
o

115

APPENDIX III
LIST OF SYMBOLS USED

116

APPENDIX III

LISTING OF ALPHABETICAL SYMBOLS USED

A
A

cross-sectional area of undeformed chip

n
pdz

area of primary deformation zone

dA

incremental area

AB

Plane AB, length of that plane

BD

Plane BD, length of that plane

BE

Plane BE, length of that plane

BF

Plane BF, length of that plane

BG

Plane BG, length of that plane

BGC

lower boundary of

machining constant

CE

Plane CE, length of that plane

CG

Plane CG, length of that plane

GH

Plane CH, length of that plane ..

CJ

Plane CJ, length of that plane

small length of Primary Deformation Zone, Figure 27

average distance through Primary Deformation Zone

DF

Plane DF, length of that plane

cutting force component of resultant forces of cutting

F
n

normal force on shear plane

thrust force component of resultant forces of cutting

Jj

Primary Deformation Zone

117

a dimensionless constant

small length of Primary Deformation Zone, Figure 27

JH

Plane JH, length of that plane

slope of shear stress versus normal stress curve

thermal conductivity of workpiece material

yield shear stress

1
s

length of shear rplane

1
o

chip-tool contact length

component of resultant cutting force acting normal to tool face

a dimensionless constant, the ratio of normal to shear stress

acting on Plane BF; equal to 1

normal stress acting on chip-tool contact area

normal stress acting on Planes BE and BD

normal stress acting on Plane AB

S

tool nose force

hydrostatic stress at point A

P
B

hydrostatic stress at point B

specific cutting pressure

S

heat generated through "friction" at chip-tool interface

heat generated through shearing in Primary Deformation Zone

s

total heat generated during metal cutting

cutting ratio

resultant tool force

shear stress on shear plane

S
av

average stress acting on element during deformation

shear stress intercept with zero normal stress on shear plane

S
o

shear stress on Planes ED and BE

S
n

normal stress on shear plane

S.

initial shear strength of workpiece material

shear stress at chip-tool interface

shear stress along Plane AB and Plane BF of proposed model

temperature

T
q

average time required for an element to pass through the

Primary Deformation Zone

t
1

undeformed chip thickness

chip thickness

cutting speed

width of chip and workpiece

ki

work per unit time performed through "friction" forces

work per unit time performed in Primary Deformation Zone as

a function of the forces of cutting and the cutting velocity

W ,
pt

work per unit time performed in Primary Deformation Zone as

a function of the stresses and deformation of that zone

total work per unit time performed during cutting

tl

Listing of Greek Symbols Used

Of

rake angle

{3

friction angle

{3

fraction of heat generated In Primary Deformation Zone that is

transmitted to workpiece

angle parameter of proposed model

Au

Incremental length

Av

incremental length

.AW

incremental work performed by compression

AW

incremental work performed by shear

Ax

Incremental length

Ay

incremental length

strain

strain rate

7]

angle between shear plane and direction of maximum shear stress

after Shaw, et a l . "

dimenslonless constant

shear angle parameter of proposed model

y.

generalized shear strain rate

shear strain in metal cutting

Y-,

average strain rate of Primary Deformation Zone

.L

Y
.'2

average strain rate of Secondary Deformation Zone

p,

coefficient of friction

to
0

an angle parameter after Ruck

shear angle

angle parameter of proposed model

density of workpiece material

stress

120

o~

a stress constant
o

shear stress

T.

individual shear stress

18
angle parameter after Palmer and Qxley

thermal number

average temperature rise of the chip due to "friction" at the

chip-tool interface

maximum temperature rise of the chip above ambient temperature

at the chip-tool Interface

maximum temperature rise of the.chip due to "friction" at the

chip-tool Interface

average temperature rise of the chip as a result of shear

deformation in the Primary Deformation-Zone

0,

maximum possible average temperature rise of the chip due to

deformation In the Primary Deformation Zone

angle of shear deformation required to maintain mass flow

continuity

angle parameter of proposed model

121

APPENDIX IV
COMPUTER PROGRAMS

APPENDIX IV

Introduction
The following computer programs were used to determine the
applicability of the model, analyze experimental results, and then
predict the trends inherent to the metal cutting process.
The first program, called PR 6 PROCEDURE OPTIONS (MAIN), reads
experimental metal cutting data from a single test in step number 38.
The model is then used to analyze this data and, after determination of
an applicable geometry is made, the output is printed in steps 311 to
319

This process is repeated until no data is found in the data stor-

age and the condition END FILE exists. Computation then terminates.
The second program, called PR h PROCEDURE OPTIONS (MAIN), has
several subroutines in it. One of these subroutines, called FNCIN,
beginning in step number *i05 defines the model developed in this work..
The preceding 1+00 steps are required to define the problem and provide
a complex'iterative procedure required to select the proper geometry
which will satisfy all of the constraints of the system.
The third program, called PR 2 PROCEDURE OPTIONS (MAIN), is
used to determine the appropriate constants for Equation (79) Several
equations are tried of the forms proposed by various workers

155 2^- 21
' ,

21
and that proposed by Lubahn
was found to approximate closely the final
conditions.

(79).

Slight modification of this equation resulted in Equation

PROCEDURE OPTIONS

(MIS)

PRfi; PROCKDnSH OPTIONS ((1*1*0

;
ON ENDFILF, ( S Y ^ r m GO TO I,BL
;
OW T.ESODIVIDE
GO TO LH1
:
DECLARE I DECIMAL {) , K DECIMAL , LAB DECIMAL,LBE DECIBAL (9) ,
T.BF DEC I B M , {9* , LO DRCIH&I ( 9 ) , I T 1 S DECIMAL , LT2H DECIMAL
, NOSn DECTIHAL r HS DECIMAL ( 1 0 ) , KF,1 DECIMAL , f?E2 DECIMAL ;
DECLARE ( LBC , S I
,!TSP,H
* DECIMAL
;
DECLARE 2 H ( 3 0 J , HO ( 3 5 ) , 8 1 ( 3 5 * , LBH DECINAI
;
DECLARE C H H , G G , T T , 7 , . 7 J , f r * , C T
) BIWARY FIXED
I
DECLARE ROCS';? , C H ( 2 5 >
;
DECLARE AR1 ( S O , 10) , A R 2 < 5 0 , 1 0) , p 0 ( 4 5 ) , F 1 ( 4 5 ) , F 2 { 2 5 ) , P S ( 4 5 ) # G O ( 2 5 j
;
DECLARE P1 ( 2 5 )
J
DECLARE DL ( 2 0 ) , PS ( 2 0 ) , f i 1 ( 2 5 )
;
FMTCK: FOFMAT f
12 F ( 1 0 , 4 )
J
;
F H T 0 1 : FORMAT ( 2 F (9 , 1) , F ( 9 , 3) , 2 ? ( 9 , a J , 2 F ( 0 , 1J , 2 F { 9 , 2) , !| F {9 , C-) , A {35}
;
F M T 0 2 : FORMAT ( 3 V ( 1 Q , 3 ) , 3 F ( 1 0 , 3 ) , 5 P { 1 0 , 1 ) , F ( 1 0 , 4 )
)
;
F M T 0 3 : FORMAT ( 4 F < 1 0 , ) , 2 F ( 1 0 , 0 ) , F ( 1 0 , 2} , 2 F {1 C , 2 ) , & F ( 1 " > , 0 )
);
DTA21
FngKjiT (5T(1) , F { 7 , 1 | , X {2} F { 6 , 2 ) , Y{?} , F { 6 , 3 ) , X{2) ,
F { 6 , a } , j ( 2 ) , F ( 7 , 5 ) , 1 ( 2 ) , F ( f i , 4 ) , X { 2 ) , 2 (F < 5 , 2) r X (2) ) , F ( 1 5 r 5 )
) ;
DTA3:
FORMAT (X (1) F ( 7 , D , T (2) , F ( 6 , 2 ) , X{2) , F ( 6 , 3 ) , X { 2 ) , X ( " 8 ) f
^ f i , ) , I ( 2 ,F(7,i) ,X(2) rF{6,4> , X ( 2 ) , 2 { F ( 5 , 2 ) , X ( 2 ) > , ? f 7 , 5 )
) ;
L = 0 ;
SSK = 2 5 0 0 0
;
SOV = 2 5 0 0 0
:
SSSON 2 ; PSIDK = 1 5 ;
PI
= 3.1415926536
:
DTR = P I / 1 8 0 . 0
;
RTD = 1 S 0 . 0 / P T
%
P
= 0,0975
;
K
= 10,81
:
CP
= 0.2*3
;
S I I = 15000
NOSO = 1.0
:
TT
= 0
;
C3 = 1.0
LBO:
I F O D ( L , 5 ) = 0 THEN
prTT EDIT ( * . *) (PAGE , X { 1 1 9 ) , 1 ( 1 ) )
;
L = L + 1 ;
GET EDIT {
I , V C , A L P D f W , T 1 , T 2 , R C S r B T R f C L O ) ( R (DTA2)
)j
PS ID = 0 . 0 0 0 5
:
J C = 10
;:
J = 0
;

r,a = o
CT
Hff

=
=

:
ft

AI.FD= ALPn
I F ALFD < 2 6 THE8 P S I D = 1 0 . 0 0 5
KLFV = ALPD * DTP
PT
= 17.U*FTM
PC
= 1f.7*PCM
RC
= T1/T2
F I T = (RC * C O S ( A L F R n / C 1 ~ R C * S I S (HLFR))

;
?
;
;
:
J
:

124

PR6:

51
55
56
57
5B
59
61
U
65
66
68
69
70
71
72
71
7'4
75
76
77
78
79
PO
81
82
94
96
87
89
89
9ft
91
92
9?
Q'l
95
9*S
*T
93
10f'
101
1ft3
10 li
105
1C6
107
108
1C9
1 ID
111
112

PROCEDORB OPflOSIS

(HAIS)

PFIR =
&TJSJ* ( F I T )
? PFID = PFIR*RTD
1
OF = V C * R C * ( F C * S I N { A L F R } + FT*COS < LFR) i /HIOO
;
THF = 0 F / { 1 2 * P * C P * V C * ^ 1 * H J
%
OS = F f * V C / 1 i l O O - Q^
;
a
7 20*P*CP*C*'!,1/K
;
THRB = F * F I T
THNB = ABS f THN'B)
:
I F THSB > 1 2 . 0 THFM RFTA = 0 . 1 0 ; E L S E BETIV = G.75 - 0 . 1ft*8*L35 (THHB) ;
THS = Q P * { 1 - B F T A ) / ( 1 2 * P * C P * V r * T 1 * B )
J
TTHS^ T R S / ( 1 - B P T A )
;
RPP = AT.PR *
ATAK( F T / P C )
;
SEP - BER*RTD
i
F
= F C * S I i ? ( A L P S ) - FT*COS(ALFR)
I
FN = FC*COS(ALPR - * T * S I N (ALPR)
;
BTL = ? C * C
;
WKF = P * ? C * P C
;
P D = WTL - K ?
:
THT =
A T A H ( { R C * ^ O S { P F r R j - STK (AL F R - P ^ I R ) ) / (COS ( A r . F P - P F T P } ) )
;
THT = ATAS{{RC*COS (PFTRJ - 5 1 * { A L P R - P F I P ) } / (COS ( A L F R - P P I R J ) )
%
TTHT=
( ( P C * C O S ( P F I R ) - S I R ( A L F R - P F T P ) ) / ( C O S f ALFP-PFTR) H
%
TTHT = ABS (TTHT*
;
THTD= THT*PTD
;
SSSO= 1.UP
LB?:
I F J > <TC THE!? GO TO LRS
|
CT = CT * 1
J
IF CT > 51 THFN GO TO f.PI
;
IF TT > UP THFS GO TO LPL ;
SSSOH= SSSO
;
PSIB = PSIT)*DTR
;
Y - { (FT/FC-1) *COf: (ALFP+PSIR) + {FT/PC+1) *STH f ALFR +P5Tfl)) / (5SS3*
SIW(PSIR)) J
DELR = ATAN{{Y*COS (ALFR) + FT/PC - HOSO ) / { Y*STN (ALFP)+NOSO*FT/*C+1) ) ;
DELD = DELR*RTD
;
PS YD = PSID
SSSO= SS50H
:
PP = i.o {siN(psrRn/(cos(psiRH
:
Pfl = 1 . 0 - (STH{PSTR) ) / ( C O S ( P S I R ) J
:
CPPS= C O S f P S I P ) + S l f f ( P S I R )
:
ZZ = RC + ( ( ( ( 5 I N ( P 5 I P ) * ( S I H ( D E L R n ) / ( (COS(DPLR+AT.FP ) * C P P S ) M
;
GMT = ( 3 Z * <COS (ALFR) ) / ( { 1 . C / P P ! - Z Z * ( S I S (A L F R U ) 1

GMR =
ATAHfG^T)
; GWT) = GflR*R?D
:
S5SO= (PP*COS(GHR-ALFR} - Pi1*5 IV ( G H R - A L ^ P n *COS (C!R~ AF.FR )
:
I F CT = 1 THER GO TO LB?
;
LT2R= C O S f P S I P + ALFR+ntfLRJ / (CPPS*COS (ALFH + DET.R) )
;
LT1R= L T 2 R / P C
;
LO = L T 1 R * T 1
LBP = T 2 / C P P S
LBF = { L B F * ( S I V { P S I R } > >/{COS{ALPR + DELR) )
5
LAB = LBE* ( C O S ( P B T R ) ) / ( C O S ( G H R - A t F P ) J
;
BCAB = { S I M ( G H R ) ) / { S I H ( 2 * G H R - A L F P - P S I R ) )
:
LBC = LAB*BCAB
;
SSSOH=SSSO
;
SO = P C / ( W * ( L B E * ( S I H { P S I R + A I . F R } r O S ( P S I R + A L F R ) ) +
SSSO*T.BF*?COS(DELR) - KQSO* {SI N (DFI.R) ) ) ) )
;

PR6;

113
1 1*4
11^
116
H-7
11
11^
121
*>21
12?
121
124
125
^2~>
12
1?

13n
131
132
131
115
136
137
131
119
""0
141
146
14R
1U9
15">
151
151
154
155
156
1^7
15f<
151
161
161
162
16 3
ifi5
1*6
161
16"
171
171
1T5
177
170

PROCEDURE OPTICUS

(HAIH)

SFSO= {P!/{PP~15 + S S S n * ( S I V { d L P R * - D B I S > / C O S <ftL.PB'+DEl8) + SOSOJ) /

( 1 / ( P P - 1 ) - SIHfULFR+DEtR)/COS(ALFR+DELR)}
SSSO-SSSOH
;
S F T 1 = SPSO*SO
SS = SO*SSSO
F = ( S I N < P F I R - f t L F P . ) ) / ( C O S { P F I P - A L P B } ) + (C3S (PFIRf S / ( S O ( P F r g S )
B = S0RT(ABS(R/LT2R))
;
THWX= C . 7 2 * T H F * R * ( O . R 5 6 * * { B * L T 2 H * ( P P - 1 ) / 2 . 5 ) )
THHA= THHX + TTfS
FS
= F/(LO*J
IS = ( C O S { P S I B + HLFR-RHH) - S I B {PSIR + >LFfi-f?B) 1*SO*LBE/LAB
<?n = P . 1 * E + V C * n + RC)/(T,BF*(PSIP*ai.FR-GfR})
F.T2 = 0 . 4 * V C * R C / ( L O * ( P P - 1 ) )
I F FT2 <
0 , 0 0 1 THEN E ^ 2 = 1 . 0
;
SFT2= 4 7 7 * ? F * * 1 . 577) * ( F T 2 * * G . 2 9 0 )
V = 1
CR{1)

1*.0

CH{?) = 2 0 . 0
T.B6:
I F CH(K) > fiMD THEN Cff(W) = 1C
I F CHC*) < 0 . 0 1 THEN CHfN) = 2
CHID = CR (N)
CFfTR = CffI0*[5TR
Aft = { 2 * C 0 S (CHfTR)) *{SIMfr,?(P) - S I * ? ( C H I F ) ) + 1 . 0
DD = SS*COS ( G f P - C H I R ) + N S * S I N ( G R P - C H I R )
S I = DD/AS
RO(M) = S I - S I I
I F N - 1 THEN DO ; H - 2 ; GO TD LB6 ; KND
IF
ftBS(RO{N))
> 1 . 0 THEM HO
R1(N> = (RO (N) - R O f N - 1 ) ) / ( C H ( N ) - CH{Jf-1)>
CH(N + 1) = CH {N1 - R 0 { N ) / R 1 { f O
N = 1
IF N > 25 TREK GO TO LB1
GO TO T,R6
EKD /* IF RO(N)> 1.0
*/
H = L A P * (SIR (G*R) - SIN (CHIR))
D = L A B * (COS (CRIR) - COS (GAR))
CC = NS*COS (GPR-CHIR) - SS*STN (SWR-CHI 9)
NI = CC
JPH7, = ( L B * * ? ) * { P S I R + f t T . F P - C H I 8 ) / 2 + H*(H + n } / 2
^RO = LAB* ( P S T R * L F S - C H I R ) / ( V C * ( H - P O )
PT =
S O * S * f ( 1 - R C * * 2 J / f ? * R C 1 + TTHT) * A P n ? / T R ( )
RE2 = WPD - WPT
I F no > o THEN rso
PO {.7> = WPD ~ WPT
IT S S S P O f J l ) < WPn/^030
THEN HO TO LB5
END
I F J > 2 THEN F1 f J ) = { FO (3) - F l ( . 7 ~ 1) } / f PS (J5
I F CC, = 5 TH^N ^O 1*0 LB5
I F f,G = 0 i*HEN 0 0
I F P T < 3 P D "^HEN n o
I F J = 0 THEN DO
,T =

PS(JF-1))

126

PRfi: PROCEDURE OPTIOHS

130
1n1
!*>
1Ql
1P4
l*5^
1***
1P7
181
1P9
1^1
1^6
1QS
"S93
2f1
2^3
?0U
2CS
20^
70 7
2^
20'3
21^
711
212
273
215
717
213
219
22^
221
7 2?
221
7?a
22S
22*5
22"*
?2<l
2M
2 32
23 3
23*4
2 35
2^6
2 37
7 39
73Q
247
2U7
2UU
2<S
27

(IftlN)

GG = 1
PS (1) = PSID * 1
DO II = 1 TO' 16
PS (K) = PS (1) + 1 - S
KWD
END
JC - J + N
ESD
END
TF GG = 0 THEN 00
I13- PSTD < ilS THEN HO j PSID = PSID + 5 ; GO TO IB3
TF J - 0 THEN GO TO LB1
EKfD
IP GG = 1 TPET3 DO
P WPT > WPP TREK DO
GG = 2
DO N = 1 TO 1a
PS (J**!) = PS (.11 - O.t + M/5
END
JC = J + H
HMD
J - ,T + 1
PSTD = PSfJ)
GO TO LB1
END
IP GG = 2 THEK DO
I? WPT<PD fF?T!S DO
DO S = 1 TO IS
PS(J + H) = PS (.7) * 0,12 - 0.0*N
GG = 3
EKD
JC = J + N
END
J = >7 + 1
PSID - PS(J)
GO T O LB 3
EHD
I? GG = 3 TffP.8 DO
I? WPT>WPD THEN DO
DO I* = 1 T O 1H
PS(J*N) = PS (.7) - 0.Q2 + 0.005*1*
GG = t
END
JC = J +
END
J = J + 1
PSTD = PS(J)
IP UBS<F0(3-1)J> 10.0 THRU SO TO LB3
END
IF GG = H THEM DO
IF WPT<WPD THEN DO
PS(J+1) = PS (J) - F0(JJ/F1(J)
GG = 5

;
:

;ESD

PF.6:

24 S
2Uri
?S ! )
2 51
T.*0.
2VJ

PROCFIMJfiE OPTICUS

(HIN)

2Rft
2*1
2R2
?5
28"?

BHT)
J ~ J + 1
PSTn ~ PS {JS
TO TO L B ?
KKD
LB?:
RE --{ff * I> * LAB*COS(GRJ - L B E + C 3 S ( P 5 I R + A L F P ) ) / C O S ( A L F R )
B = 1
K f l ! = 1 0 . 0 ; '2HC2J = 1 S . 0
LB2:
I F ZH{N) > ( 9 0 . 0 - A L F I ) ) TH" 2H (V) = a*
I P ZH{!?} < 0 . M THIN 7.HCN? = 2 . 0
Z H i n = ZH(H)
ZHTF = 7HTD*T)TR
AG =
C O S { A T . F R t / C n s (GHRJ - SIN ( A L F R ) / S I S (GPS) +
LBE* ( C O S ( P R I R + ALFR)/COS(GHR) - STJf {PSIP, + A L F R ) / 3 I W (GffBJ) / P R
HO (m
= STtffZniRJ/COSfZHIR)
- COS (ZHIR) / S I N ( G W P ) - AG
I F fl - 1 THEN DO ; 8 - 2 ; GO TO I F 2 ; i?WD
I P IBS (HO (N) ) > 3 , 0 0 0 1 TPFS 0
HI (H> - ( R 0 ( N ) ffO(N-l))/(ZR{)-ZP{*f-1>)
ZH(N-1) = ZH (N| - H 0 ( N ) / H 1 { N )
N = H+1
CF K>25 TffFJ? RO TO T.94
KO TO LB2
F.SD / + I F HO (N1 > 0 . 0 ^ 0 1
*/
LB1:
LBH = f H + D + LAB*COS fGIRJ - R R * S I N f Z H T S )
)/COS{GBR)
TSS - LAB*SS/LBR
LBtt:
SKO ~ 1 . 1 2 0 3 1 ; GK = 6 . 0 8 3 7 7 ; T = T T T S / I O O O ; AA - - . 0 1 2 1 9 7 6 J
BB = 0 . 3 U 0 3 0 3 ;
CC = - 3 . 1 6 1 7 7 %
SSSOP = SKO* (GK**T) * ( S * * { A + BB*T) ) * ( E T 1 * * (CC*T) )

2R
2a2
29-5
?Qii
2^S
?9*i
707
2s
2QQ

SSK ~ 15830 ; GSF = 930*.7 ; AAS = - 0 . 092?52 ; BBS = -2.16237 ;

CCS - -0.120091 ;
$gp = SSK* (GSK**T) * (F^+fAAS + B^S*?) ) *(ET1** (rcs*T))
SOP = SSP/SSSOP ;
T = TH*A/1 000 ;
SPO - FXP (14.1^42) ;
Rf = P5tP(-l.3.?S60i;
SB - -1.BU670 ;
Rg = 15S7<3Q9 :

2 5?
?S5
7*17
25
2*59
2f1
2fi?
2^3
?6U
2 6S
2 70
7^7
2"!1
2"7'i
275
277
?7H
27

300
301
1""?
3r'^
lltt
irs
3^5
307
3f*
3T9
311

CC = ~ 0 , 2 f i ? f * 9 ;
T>T> - 1 . 1 9 7 9 1 - 1 . 1 6 S * ( L O G ( F > )
;
S F F 1 - SFCi* (R?r**T) * ( F * * (AA + BB*^1) ) * ( P T 2 * * (CC+DP+T)t
;
SFT2 - ? F R 1 J
SP"T3 = S P T 2 * S O P / S O
SFSOP = S P T 1 / S O P
ESOP = 1 0 0 * ( S O o - S O l / S O
KSSP = 1 0 ^ * ( S S P - S S l / S S
FSSSOP = 1 0 C * ( S S S O P - S S S O ) / S S S O
K S F ^ 2 = ICO* ( S F T 2 - S F T 1 ) / S F T 1
; ESFT? = 1 0 0 * ( S F T 3 - S " T 1 ) / S F T 1
PITT FDTT { ITERATIONS ON TFST wn B ER , T , ? SPE COMPLETE WITH * rJ
* ITFRATTONS AMD A WORK D I ^ F E R R ^ C F a "
, F 2 , FT-LB/C! IN *

128

PS6t

312

313
3114

31S
JTS

P7?0CRTTOPE OPTTONS

( S t r i & n ) , h {2T} , P(ftt * hO^)

P f l } , A { ? 6 ) , v{R)* F ( 1 1 , 3 | , S (10)
J;
f
PTF? fJOIT ( 8
v c , . , . . . PLPD. . . , .W. . . . . . T1
T2....,..F....*,
f
1
* F T . . . . . . P " T D . . . . . . BRD, . , , . & TL. , . . . . . tf^D, . . . . . ^ H ? . . . . . , T B ' M 1 )
(A(*>M , X < 6 ) , M * " ) 5
P?TT FnTT
(VC, * L P P , W r T l r T 2 , F C , P T , P F T n , B ^ I l , 8TL,WPO,'' , HS,THPA r . . . M
( ft f l T 0 1 1 )
;
priT y n i T {
10
LP*:
LBF
TAB
E^l
*'T2*
w
v
WSO
NO SO
WPT
HfT"
S ?2
f*
) ( AfiO) r Mftft
)"
5
piJT EDIT
( L 0 , L B l ! , L B P , r . A B , E T 1 , E T 2 , F . W S D j J W F O , (*??,**', S ^ )
(S?"T13J! ;
?
priT ^ n i T (
SYD
f?*D
DELn
BC
LT1R
T.??0',

317
11*1
" 1
i?0
-4 7 1
122
"i?4
126
32<*
.130
I'M
33S
317
3^q
^'4 0
341
m?
1&1

(HAIN)

spTi

^s

so

ss

( A {**>) , X ( T | , ft (605
PUT* F T I T
( P S Y D t r ; ^ ' > , PELD, F C , I . T 1 Hf L T 2 P , s m , F S , S O
P U ^ OATA ( T T H S , S O P , " S O P , F.^SP,
S S P , FSSSnp,,
Pft"" DftTft f S F T 2 , E S * T 2 tC*Ili
SOT - POT + so
S P ^ = PST + PP
I P pn < SON TH^K SOS = SO
TF SS c SSN TW^s s.su = 5 ?
TF SO > soy TH 1 ?^ s o x = SO
I F S<? > SSX TH^V SSV - ss
S S S 0 S = SSSOS + SRSO
TF SSPO'S'PPPOX ""HFK PPP05T - P S 5 0 ; I F SSPO<SPS3'S
Tp P S T 1 < PS ID i* THEN P5TDN = PSTD
I F PSTD > P S I O T THFN P P I D ? = P S I D
_ T rr. 4 ^
r T
TO r n T.RO
I.3L:
s
DTIT FDIT (
. * 1 { SFTP (1) , ftf 1) 1
PfJT :DTT ( * . . . .
* ! ) ( PAGE,
SOA - ( P O T - S O N - S O X ) / ( T T - 2 )

iuu

SPA = (ss^-ssir-^sw) / C T - 2 |

1H5

SSSOA

3n<s

vsn = ( s o x - s o s ) / s n a

1tt7
IUR
w
3e>-i
3 51

VPP = fS5X--SSW> / S P A
s s s n = { PSSOX-PPSOVI /PPPOA
P H * DATA f i/so , SOA , prm , POX , VPP ,
p r r ' " riATA ( PST r >X , P S i n " t S S S n r , S S T 0 8
ESD PH6

*?~

sssn

, S S , M S , *>SSO) ( P (?KT"!?))
SP^no

TH^S PSSOS = SSSO

)
) :
',
);
);
;
;

J
:
;

JT ( 9 5 ) , .ft ( 2 5 )
;

;
;

={SSSOS-SS5ON-SPS0X) / ( T T - 2 )

:
PSA , SP*S , p^v
, SRSOfl , VPSSfl

^r

}%
J j
:

TT^WRTTONS ON TEST NUMBER

- 3 . 0 0 * FT-LB/HIV
03089 ARE, COMPLETE WITH 10 ITERATIONS AND A BOFK DIFFERENCE OP
WPD. , . . . T H S
, . . . , VC. . .. . .ALPD
B. .. ,.T 1
FT.
PFID
8FB
BTL. ,
THFS
. . T2
FC
C
20.25
60.75
31262
2C05
5
113 0
109...
78.0
05.0
0.28O
0.0201
3 . 0 529
00")
BPT
SET?
HT2
F
10
J.FE
LBF
L*B
RT1
BSD
N05 0
BKF
r,
02505
20062
0.0076
1 f5 5 3
3198
2,20
0.0182
.029c*
0.0475
C.0"
1.00
10802
ss
DELI)
RC
I.T1R
LT2f?
SFT1
PSYO
GMD
"S
SO
US
ssso
26,222
22035.3
0.560
02632. 4
7.096
36.31<*
0.381
1,4 80
4263ft.5
182 9*,5
12^89.2
1.2293
ESOP=-1.7fi576?+00
TTHS= 1.10069E+02
SSP= 2 . 2 0 1 0 0 E + C O
SOP= 1 . 7 9 7 5 0 E + O O
^SSP=~2,15706E+00
SFT2~ 0 . 2 5 U 5 1 E + 0 0
SSSOP= 1 . 2 2 0 0 5 E + 0 0 ;
"HIO= 1. 3 1 9 S 2 l ? + n i ;
ESSSOP=-3.98350B-01
BSFT2=~20072QE-01

9 , 0 5 3 FT-LP/NTH
ITERATIONS ON TEST NUBBER
0 ^ 0 8 8 ARE COMPLE"**1 WITH
2 1 I T E P A T I O N S AND A BORK DIFFERENCE OP
FT.
PI' I D
..B......T1
. . . B E D . . . . , BTL. . . . . . . W P D . . , . , . T H S . . . . . . TRf*?
r2...... ..FC
8
1
0
7
.
>
5
3
.
2
3
3
5
1
7
0
0 .0659
050.
25538
68
0.280
0. 0201
7 8.0
00.0
8
16.2=
151...
TJT1
LO
SO SO
LB?
LAB
ET2
E
VIST,
WPT
WKF
SFT2
LBE
25523
9632
0.0300
3917
0 . 0230
2.98
0.0563
0.0S59
1002
3,00
1601
1.00
L^2S
SFT1
??
SO
DELI)
RC
LT1R
PSYD
GHD
ss
ss
sssn
10*886
0 1126.7
'41131.3
16600,3
22,956
0 . 306
1."0 3
0.521
21316.B
10252.2
31,651
1.2838
SOP= 1 . 6 5 5 8 7 E + 0 U
ESOP= - 2 , 7 0 6 3 6 8 - 0 1
SSP= 7 . 1 0 6 5 1 E + 0 0
TTHS- 1 . 0 2 8 8 1 E + 0 2
ESSP=-1.180fi9E+00
SSSOP= 1 S 2 7 2 1 0 E * < 30?
SPT2 = 3 , 9 0 1 ? 2 E * 0 4
E 5 F T 2 - - 5 . 12932B+00
ESSSOP=-9.l D8575E-01
CEIT= 1 . 3 6 0 0 0 E + 0 1

. . . . . v c . . . ,. . . A L P D . . . ,

ITERATIONS 0 1 TEST HONBEH

0 ^ 0 8 7 ARE COMPLETE- S1TH
2 5 I T E R A T I O N S AMD A iOBK D I ' F F S E H C E OP
- 0 . 7 8 1 FT-LB/WIN
. . . . . V C , . . . . . A L P D . . . . . . W . . . . . .T1 . . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . . . E C . . .
F T . . . . . . P F I D . . . . . . B E D . . , . . f T , ,
BPD......THS......THHA
T8.0
34.3
0.280
0.0201
0.0809
502.7
200.0
12.76
335Q8
82
161...
50.55
02330
WPT
WKP
SPT2
LO
LBE
F,T2
E
L8F
LIB
ET1
BSD
N0SO
627
0.0399
0.0680
1390
0.01
33603
8735
01072
0,0321
0,0660
0,00
1.00
LT2E
SS
NS
SSSO
PSTD
GHD
BELD
RC
LT1F
SFT1
FS
SO
1.979
18.576
0,237
20930.9
8306.1
1.3607
0.070
01359.3
16.061
27.022
01358.5
15380,0
SOP= 1 . 5 0 8 8 3 E + 0 O
FSOP= 6.755S9E-01
5SP= 2 . 1 0 0 5 1 E + 0 0
r^flS^
1 . 8 7 9 8 0 E + 02
ESSP= 3,3513 3E-01
SSSOP= 1 . 3 S 6 1 8 E + 0 0 ?
SPT2 = U.10727E+00
"HID= 1 . 2 0 0 8 2 8 + 0 1 ;
ESSSOP=-3.3R107E-01
^SFT2=-6,^287^5-01

ITERATIONS OS TEST NHMBEB

0 3 0 8 6 ARE C 0 1 P L E T F WITH
3 2 ITERATIONS AND A WOR* DIFFERENCE OF
- 3 . 7 5 0 PT-IB/MTN
FT
P F T D . . . , , . B R D . . . . . B T L . . . . . . - W P D . . , . , , T W R . . , ...THHA
...ALPD.... . . . . . . . , T 1 . . . . . . . . !P2........PC.
, vc
52.67
0.280
0.0201
0 .0979
181.,.
78.0
634. 5
2 6 9 ..6
0C.683
95
2^.6
1 1 . 28
09098
gp7
pKF
LAB
E
LO
LBF
ET1
BSD
LBE
ET2
NOSO
SFT2
0.0013
0.0698
1003
0.68
09S86
8815
^.0395
0.0752
002
0.03
1.00
P9R8
BELD
RC
LT1R
FS
PRYD
GD
LT2R
SFT1
SS
NS
SSSO
so
21937.7
8070,7
17.35P
0.003
27.760
0.206
1.958
08631.1
15027.8
21.992
0863G.1
1,0219
SOP= 1,. 5 0 8 3 7 E - + 0 0
ESOP= 3 . 6 2 0 7 3 E - 0 1
ESSP= 9 . 8 2 6 R O E - 0 1
SSP= 2 . 2 1 5 3 3 E * 0 t t
TTHS= 2 . 2 7 6 1 6 E * 0 2
SSSOP= 1 . 0 3 0 7 0 E + I 30?
E S S S O P - 6 . '1 7 9 6 0 E - 0 1
SFT2 = 0 , 8 9 8 8 3 ^ * 0 0
ESFT2* 7 . 3 0 5 1 5 E - 0 1
^RID=
1.03050E+01
I T ^ P n T I O H S Off TEST NTIHBFS
03085 ABE COMPLETE WITH 20 ITERATIONS AND A WORK DIFFERENCE OF
- 3 . 6 6 7 FT-LB/HIN
. . . . . V C . . . . . .ALPD
. . . ..T1........T2........FC....
FT......PFID.
BED
BTL.
WPD. . . . . . T H S
THHA
7R.0
25,3
680.6
00311
101
1<?...
0.0201
0.10QQ
0.280
339.2
10.20
51.70
53006
LO
LBE
s?T 1
E
BSD
MOSO
BPT
BKF
SFT2
ET2
LAB
LBF
O.0370
0,0817
1521
5.28
0.0730
00815
85^0
56757
302
0.0^
1.00
0.0515
PSYD
GD
T^tC
SFT1
I.T1R
555
NS
SSSO
L^2R
DF.LD
FS
SO
Q
0 , 183
278^90
30,010
1,830
18.038
0.336
56805.7
56819,1
1079 .7
21602.5
8<*82.2
1.0623
w
TTHS= 2 . 5 ^ 7 1 7 T ? + 0 2
SOP= 1 . 0 7 5 2 9 F + 0 O
5?5SP= 7 , 2 9 1 O 3 E - 0 1
S S P = 2 . 18000E-t-00
SOP=-3.16305E-01
^SSSOP=
1.00878E+00
SSSOP= 1 , 0 7 7 * ? 9 B * 0 0 ?
SSWT2=-O.52508E-02
CHID- 1 . 2 0 3 0 2 F + C 1 :
5F-"2= 5 . 6 7 5 7 3 E + 0 0

T^FPITTONS OH TFST NflflBEF

4 3 1 2 ^ APE COMPLETE WITH
2 6 T'FES ATTOWS RHn & WOFK OIFPFPEMCE OF
- 5 . 7 R 1 "T-I.B/BTR
. . . .VC
.ALPD......H......T1........T2........FC....
FT
P " i n . , . . , . 9 E I ) . * . . . S T L , , , , , . , B n n , , . , , , T H S , . . . . . THS* A
117,0
45,0
0.284
0.0201
0.051
iftH.O
104.3
20.74
60,20
44939
2240
62
1fi5...
LO
LBE
LB"
LAB
51*1
ET2
J?
WSD
NOSO
HPT
WKF
SFT?
0.0321
0.0478
0.3160
0.0483
2901
6186
2.18
0.03
1.00
29246
156*99
37RRS
v
PSYD
G1D
DELD
9C
T-T1P
LT2H
S^TI
^
SO
SS
*IS
SSSO
s
A
5.222
35.541
29.302
0,38 *
1.591
.618
3769R.1
17697.?
18011,0
21779.0
12736.
to
1.20?
w
TT8S= 1 . O 9 0 6 3 E + O 2
SOP= 1 . 7 8 4 1 5 E + 0 4
FS0=-9S40830P-01
f5SP=-1. 01127P+np
SSP- 2.1K587E+C4
r
ESSSOP=-7.11386E- '2
SSSDP= 1 . 2O834E+0O ;
SFT2= 3 . 7 P 8 5 1 ":+^4
ESFT2= 4 . 9 6 1 3 R F - 0 1
CHID = i . ? 8 ? 4 t t E + 0 1 :

ITERATIONS OH TFST JJtf*3ER

4 3 128 APE COMPLETE WITH
15 TTSBATIOUP AMD A SOPK DXF'FREHCE OF
- 2 , 1 8 3 FT-LB/JfTS
.,...VC
, A L P . . . . . . H. . . . . . T1
T2. . . . . . . .FC. . . ,
F T . . . , . . P^TO
RED, . . . . WTL. . . . . . . H P D . . . . , , ^HS
TRFR
117.0
40.0
0.284
0.0201
C.0679
425.R
139.1
17.17
58.18
49^24
35542
72
169...
LO
LBE
LRF
LAB
3T1
FT2
F
W5D
TOSO
HPT
UK"1
ST*T2
0.0353
0.0560
0.0^0
0.0549
2679
2690
2.81
O.O
1.D?
35545
1to281
35613
PSYD
G*D
DET.f)
RC
LT1P
LT2B
SFT1
FS
SO
SS
KS
SSSO
n
8.^64
32.176
25.67a
. 320
1,750
0.561
37775.R
17779.3
16611.9
20774.3
11107,7
1.2505
*THS = 1 . 3 2 5 7 1 E + 0 2
SOP= 1 , 6 6 0 0 4 E + 0 4
FSO=-6.95563E-02
E5SP=-6, 72404 F-01
SSP= 2 , 0 S 3 4 6 B + O a
ESSSOP--6.032P9E-01
SSSOP= 1 . 2 U 3 O 1 E + 0 O ;
S*T2 = 3 . 5 6 1 3 1 H + C U
ESF"'2 = - 5 . 7 2 4 9 R E + 0 C
CffIP= 1 . 4 5 6 4 6 F + 0 1 -

2 ITERATIONS AMH A WOKf DIFFERENCE OF

I T ^ ^ A T I O N S OH TFST 'RTJJIB^P
- 5 . 6 3 < i t?f>,- 1 B / * I S
4 3 1 2 7 ART? COMPLETE WITH
' VI . . . . . . . . T 2 .
F T . . . . . . P F I D . . . . . . B E D , , . . . W T L . . . . . . . W D . . , , . . T H S . ., . . . . T H W P
V C . . . . . , . AI*>P, . . . , . W
.
e.24
ic. 02C1
C.077Q
501. 9
179,..
117.0
454 86
87
34,3
1 4 . 06
1ft2. 6
54.15
58616
CTT ^
LBE
LAB
ET2
E
SSB
SOSO
HTF
SFT2
10
L"F
WPT
0.0269
0.0645
2389
45491
0 . U 6 30
3.62
37325
0.0405
1221
13130
0.00
1.00
PSYD
DEin
RC
SS
SSSO
GSD
LT1P
LT2B
FS
SO
ifS
SFT1
28,234
20.916
2.007
0, 519
20670,0
13.749
0.258
37491.5
37491.0
15774,R
9711.2
1.3103
TTHS* 1 , 6 9 6 5 8 ^ + 0 2
SOP= 1 . 5 R 5 0 8 E + 0 4
ESOP = 4 . 8 1 9 0 3 5 - 0 1
ES5P=-6. 26284E-02
SSP= 2 , 0 6 5 7 0 E + C 4
ESSSOP=-5, 41935E-01
S5SOP= 1 . 3 0 3 2 1 E + 0 0 ;
SET 2= 3 . 7 3 2 5 7 F ?+04
CHID- 1 . 2 4 7 3 4 P + 0 1 ;
FSFT2=-4,218 3E-01
ITEBATIONS ON TEST NOMBRP 4 3 1 2 6 APR COMPLETE WITH
12 ITERATIONS AND A WPPK D I F ^ ^ ^ E P C E OF
- 1 . 8 3 * FT-LB/HIP
T2. . . . . . . . F C .
FT.
.,..,VC..*i...ALPD..., .........
PFID......BFD
WTL. . . . . . . W P D . . . . . . T H S . . . . . . T H f S
29.6
0 . 09fliQ
594. 4
243. 5
6 83 86
199...
117.0
1 2 , 22
55378
101
52.27
0.284 p 0.0201
LO
LBE
P,T 1
LAB
ET2
E
SFT2
LR
NOSO
5?PT
mv
WSD
43qqo
0,0^56
2349
0.0713
0,0673
C0406
725
1,0 0
55380
13007
4.30
0.00
DELD
PC
L-MR
PSYD
LT2F
S**T1
^S
SS
MS
SSSO
nD
so
2.011
0 . 446
19.400
28.034
18.712
43278.1
21397.5
9519.7
C.221
15626.1
43242.2
1,3693
SAp= 1 . 5 6 6 9 5 E + 0 4
TTHS- 2.06556T3+02
ESOP= 2 . 7 7 8 7 9 E - 0 1
SSP= 2 . 1 4 0 0 1 E + 0 4
FSSP=
1.21G34E-02
E S S S O P - - 2 . '55067E-01
SSSOP= 1 . 3 6 5 7 1 E + 10 0 ;
SPT2s 4 , 3 9 9 9 5 E + 0 4
ESFT2* 1 , 6 6 6 9 2 E + 0 "
CHID= 1 . 0 ^ 4 7 2 ^ + 0 1 ?

ITERATIONS ON TEST JWMBEP

4 ^ 1 2 5 APE COHPLETE VITR
2 1 ITESATTOHS AND A OPK DTPFEPFNCE -OF
1 0 . 3 6 3 FT-LB/MIH
VC.
ALPD.............^1 . . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . . . F C . .. .
FT
PFID...... BED....,TL.......HPD......THS......THffA
117.0
25.3
0.284
0,0201
0.1019
642.9
313.1
11,06
51.35
75225
62293
113
218...
LO
LBE
LRF
LIB
ET1
ET2
E
WST>
HOSO
WPT
BKF
SFT?
0.0372
0.0766
0.0457
0,1697
2534
53^
4.86
0.0^
1,00
62272
12941
52750
PSYD
GUD
DELD
RC
LT1B
L^2P
S^T1
FS
SO
SS
SS
SSSO
25.129
30.431
19.266
0.198
1.844
0.365
525B3.0
52594.3
15282.2
21564.9
10020,0
1.4111
?THS= 2. 3 2 3 1 0 E + 0 2
SOP= 1 . 5 2 2 6 3 E + 0 4
FSOP = - 3 , 6 5 6 1 9 E - 0 1
ESSP=-U. 1115E-01
S S P 2 . 1 4 7 6 2 E + C4
ESSSOps-U.57539E-C2
SSSOP= 1 . U 1 0 4 6 E + 0 0 :
SET2= 5 . 2 7 5 0 1 E + 0 4
BSPT2= 3 . 1 7 7 R 6 E - 0 1
CHID= 1 . 2 2 7 8 9 i ? + 0 1 ;

- 6 . 1 7 1 F^-LP/^TN
ITERATIONS 0 N ""^ST NfMB^P
4 3 1 6 9 AP* CONPIETF WITH
21 ITEPA^TONS AND A WOP* DIFFERENCE OF
FT <
. . . . T H S . . . . . , TH.MA
, ifPP.
,VC.
ALPD,
,T1
?2,
WTL,
ppm
RFD,
95.6
66
178, ,
3R01P
375. 7
21.25
5 9. 28
5861*
0,2*1
156. C
45.0
0. 0201
0,0509
NOSO
WKF
S^T?
LP'?
WPT
ET2
1?
BSD
LO
ET1
LBF
LAB
1,00
38C25
11157
2 . 13
2059
3ft5<*2
0.0343
0 . 00
0,0139
3906
o.onc
0.04 87
SO
LT2P
SFT1
55
NS
SSSO
PSYD
FS
OELO
LT1P
G"D
PC
18064.4
0.6 73
3 4059.7
12899.0
1.19ffi
21616.6
3.^93
32.169
1.700
3 U 0 5 9, 5
3a.515
0.36
SSP=
153205*t
TTHS= 1.0635513 + 02
SOP= 1 . 7qfc05is , + 0lt
FSOP=-5.75132B-01
"5SP = -3 91192E~G1
t
?
FSSSOP= 1 . 8 4 9 7 4 E - 0 1
OHIO- 1 , 3 3 1 5 6 * 0 1 ;
SSSOP= 1 . 1 9 8 8 5 ? + n 0 ;
S"T2 = 3 , 4 5 0 2 6 p + 0 4
ESFT2=-- 1 . 3 C ^ 2 7 E - * 0 0
4 3 1 6 8 AP? COUPLET? H I T R
ITERATIONS on TEST : N"MBFP
- 5 . Q-32 ?T- - I B / M T V
2a ITERATIONS AND A WOPK DIFFERENCE OF
W
. 'T1 .
F T . . . . . . P F i n . . . . . . B E p . . , . . W T L . . . . . . . H P P . , < . . T H 5 * . . . >.= THFfi
. . . . , V C . . . . ., . A L P P . . .
.
. 'r2.
0.294
i0 . O 2 0 1
409, 1
6 3 9? 7
ft 54 4 6
76
17ft. . .
156.0
0 .0599
113. 0
1 8 , 20
55,-3
un.o V
F
WPT
L8*
ET1
SFT?
LA 8
*"T2
NPSO
HKF
LO
I.B
wsn
0.05U9
31827
0.0146
5273
2.63
0.00
1,00
45U52
0.0556
35C3
18380
n.ouio
S P T 1
GMO
FS
H3
OFLD
LT2 R
S"
RC
S3SO
PRY!)
LT1P
so
q
2.638
29894.3
29.243
G . 3 36
2.033
0 , 6 84
29R9U.6
11312.2
1, 22 S Q
5, 5 3
16921,1
20727.6
25f)TS == 6., 0 6 3 2 B E - 0 1
SOP= 1 . 7 0 ? 3 7 * + OU
^SSP8.U5U71F-01
TTHS^ 1 . 2 7 1 3 U E + 0 2
3 S P = 2,. 0 9 0 2 8 E + C 4
SSSOP= 1 . 2 2 7 8 6 E + DOCHTO- 1.21R91EH -CI :
SFT2=:= 3., 1 8 2 7 0 E + 0 U
ESSSPP= 2 . 3 7 6 B 7 K - 0 1
<
ESFT2= 6 . U 6 **92E+PC
4 3 1 6 7 ARE COMPL1FT?. UITH
2 1 ITERATIONS AND A WO"-K DTW>EPENCE OF
1. 156 FT-LP/HTN
ITERATIONS ON TEST NfJHPEP
, . , H , . , . ..T1
T2........FC....
F T . * . , . . PFTT!., . . . . BED. . . . . W T L . . . . . . . W " D . . . . . . T H S . , , . . . . T F ^ A
. . . . . V C . . . . . ..ALPD...
189...
558 3 1
3 ti. 3
0.28U
0.0201
0.0719
467, 5
165.2
1 5 . 38
53.78
72945
8R
156.0
WPT
L f f
LAB
LO
LB?.
^Tl
FT2
E
SD
MOSO
i^F
SF^2
0.0217
0.0607
3635
2171
3.29
0.0ft20
0.00
17513
^51*30
3ft05c
1.0 0
0.r615
RHP
DELD
P.C
L'?,2R
SFT1
HS
PSYD
FS
SSSO
LT1R
so
ss
10.847
28.329
0.58
33 371.9
33375.5
20S59,^
2 3.^35
0.281
16205.2
10953.2
1.2625
2.f'R2
TTHS= 1 . 5 5 0 6 6 F + O 7
S0P= 1 6 2 2 7 5 s ! * 0 a
ESSP=
fl.29750F-01
5SP- 2 .05ft76E+0a
FSOP= ; 1 . 3 7 5 1 7 E - 0 1
CHIHrr 1 . 2 2 t t 7 2 ' ' + 0 1 ;
SSSr>p= 1 . 2 6 6 2 1 E + 0 0 ;
S F ^ 2 == 3 . U 0 5 5 7 F + 0 4
PS3SOP= 2 . '1 7 9 7 E - G 1
ESFT2= 2 . 0 t t 9 0 2 E + 0 0
I T F B A T i n N S Q*I T ^ S T Vrif!BFS
3 1 6 6 AP^ COMPL'RTF ITH
2 3 T T E 8 A T O J I S ASD A WOPT DIFFERENCE OF
- 1 2 . 0 6 2 FT-T.B/HIN
WPD. . . . . . T H S . . . . . . .THPA
F"1*. . . . . . P F T P . . . . , . B E P
. . . . . V C . . . . ., . A L P D . . , . . . W. . . . . . T 1 . . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . . . F C . . . .
WTL,
226.1
1 3 . 3U
29.6
0.28ft
0.0201
0.0839
551.0
105
215,.,
51.^6
85971
68369
156.0
LO
S?PT
FT2
E
SO
LBE
LBF
LAB
ST 1
MOSO
SPT2
mr
0.0*06
0.0671
0.0307
0.06ft''3541
1187
3.2
0,00
1.0C
63381
17602
ftC322
DELD
RC
LT1P
T>SYD
RWD
LT2R
SFT1
PS
SO
SSSO
S5
MS
17.261
19.960
C.2U^
0.48a
40471.5
28.608
2.G13
10792,5
21*51.ft
16224.0
1.3228
&o*no8
ESOP=: - 2 . 9 5 8 3 2 E ~ 0 1
TTHS= 1 . 9 1 2 5 8 E + 0 2
ESSP=-4.58252F-01
SOP= 1 . 6 1 7 6 0 F + 0
SSP= 2 . 13631F+0*1
S S 5 n p = 1 . 3 2 0 6 6E+0 0 ;
ESSSOP=-1.629323-01
SFT2= . 0 3 2 2 9 E + 0
ESFT2-=-3.6720ttE~01
CHID= 1 . 0 ^ 9 Q 6 1 ? + 0 1 ;
U 3 1 6 5 ARE COMPL'R]TF WITH
36 r T E R A f l O N S ASP A WOS0" D r " "'EPERCF OF
ITFFATT.ONS OS TEST 'TOF8KP
- 7 . 687 PT-LB/BTH
F T . . . . . , P F T D . . . . . . R E D . . . . . W T L , . . . . . , W P D , . . . ^ H S ,,
, . . . . V C . , . . ,, . A L P D . . . . . , . . . . . , T 1 . . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . . . P C .
THMA
25.3
C2P.il
0,0201
0,0959
601, 1
51.57
93787
76556
2 35...
156.C
295.7
1 1 , 80
113
T^f
1
LO
LBF
LP*
LAB
ET2
E
SO50
WPT
WSO
ffKF
SFT2
0.0359
0.0727
0.}2*
0.066^
3865
826
a.5i}
76563
0.00
1.00
17231
mom
s
c
;
L^l"
ftxp
D"PLO
RC
PSYD
SO
MS
ss
ssso
>
23.R51
2'".75Q
0.21'
1.77a
31.757
512U3.9
1099*1. f
5SfT1
125.2
1.3627
2109 6.7
15U81.1
L n ?. 1 7 4
ESOP=^ - 9 . 8 C 3 7 7 E - C 1
TTHS= 2 . T 1 6 0 " + 0 2
S 0 P = 1.53293Ts: + 0U
E?SP=-1.35U08E+00
SSP= 2 . 0 8 1 1 0 E + C
w
, 5 S S O P = ~ 3 . 77U1 3 F - 0 1
SSSnPs 1.35759F+00;
SFT2= 1 . 8 0 U 7 7 ' + O f l
SSpT'2 = - 6 , 2' 3 9 6 ^ E + ( ? 0
?Hir>= 1 . 3 6 3 9 C E + C 1 ;

TTERATTOKS OK TEST HTlffpFR

4 3 2 c ' APE COKPLFTF WITH
22 I T E P A ^ I O P S ARD A WOP* DTF^FPENC^ ^>F
VC
ALPD
W
T1
T2
FC. . . .
F^.
PPTO
PI>
HTL
235.0
45.0
0.2RU
P.0201
0.0499
367.3
86.9
21.79
*.3?
86338
LO
IRE
LBF
LAB
BT1
ET2
F
HS"
*OSO
0.0367
0.0482
0.M16
0.0492
5939
78726
2.07
0.00
1.00

PSYO

c;*in

2,061
33.406
TTHS^ 1 . 0 3 6 8 4 8 + 0 2
ESSSOP= 2 . 9 2 9 6 7 E - 0 1

PEtn

36.43"
0.403
SOP= 1 . 8 0 9 3 3 E + C 4
S8S1P= 1 . 1 8 7 3 9 F + 0 0 ;

I-MR

LT?F

SFTI

1.818
0.734
30693.6
ESOP=-1. 2060 3 E-01
5FT2* 2. 95365E+04

SO

3C693.2
19115.1
ESSP = 1 . 7 2 0 2 6 E - ^ 1
ESF?2=-3.76<>76F+0fl

-10.57"?
HPT. . . . . . T H S
5*833
71
KPT
SKF
e
=544
30505

SS

FT-IP/*TS
THFA
2C1...
SFT?.
29536

SSSO

214H7.C
13063.4
1.1939
S5P= 2. 14R39F+04
3RTn= 1 . 2 6 9 7 0 F + 0 1 ;

ITERATIONS OH TEST MTTKBFP. 4 3 2 4 8 ARE COMPLETE WITH

14 ITERATIONS AND A WORK DIFFFP1CE OF
VC
\LPI>. . . . . .B
T1
T2
. . FC. . . .
F^
PFTO
RED,....BTL
235.0
40.0
0.24
0.0201
1.0569
401.7
104.3
19,35
5U.fi 7
94187
LO
LBE
IRF
LAB
ET1
FT2
E
BSD
JOSQ
0.0423
0.0*35
0.0116
0 . 7 544
5664
11949
2.46
O.OC
1.00
PSID
<?HD
DFLH
BC
LT1F
L*2B
SFT1
"S
SO
3.760
29.019
32.^45
0.354
2.0Q7
n.743
279R2.7
27994.5
17551. p
TTHS= 1 . 2 2 6 4 5 F + 0 ?
SOP = 1 . 7 5 7 9 6 E + C 4
FSO"= 1 , 5 8 1 6 9 ^ - 0 1
ESSP= 7 . 3 S 6 r > 9 F - 0 1
ESSSOP= 5 . 7 6 5 0 5 E - 0 1
SSSOP= 1 . 2 0 3 3 9 E + 9 G ;
SFT2= 2 . P 3 9 3 4 F + 0 4
ESF"^2= 1 . 4 6 7 9 1 E + 0 0

<3.437 " T - ! P / * ! T ! I
SPO
TH5
T^PA
66044
82
20C...
1
HP* "
HKF
SFT2
6S034
28143
?83a^
SS
*?S
SSSO
21105,4
12271,1
1.2^2**
SSP= 2 , 1 2 6 0 7 E + 04
CPI^= 1 . 0 5 5 2 8 F + C 1 :

ITERATIONS ON TEST UTKBFP

4 3 2 4 7 APE COMPLETE WITH
13 ITERATIONS ABO A VO* D f T R F W C E OF
VC
ALPD,
H
T1
T2
FC. . . .
FT
PFTO
B^D
8TL
235.0
34.3
0.2R4
0.0201
n.o6<^
450.fi
147.9
16.69
52.4B
105961
LO
LRE
LB*
LAB
*!T1
FT2
E
BSD
HOSO
0.0445
0.0592
0.0164
0.0590
5<>38
448C
3.01
0.00
1.0"'
P
PSYD
HMD
DELI
PC
LT1R
LT2R
SFTI
S
SO
8,086
27.387
25.176
.301
2.203
r.664
29662.3
29664.8
16341.7
TTHS= 1 . 4 7 2 5 2 E + 9 2
SOP- 1 . 6 9 0 B 6 E + 0 4
ESOP=-1.95269F~01
ESSP= 6 . 6 U 2 4 6 F - r , ' 1
SSSSOP= 8 . 6 1 1 7 6 E - C 1
S S S O P - 1 7 3 P 8 0 E + C 0 ;
SFT2= 3 . 0 4 4 7 0 E + 0 4
ESFT2= 2 . 6 4 c i 5 ( > F + 0 0

1U.<*37 F T - L B / P I N
WPD
TRS
TB*A
79295
95
212...
SPT
*F
SFT2
79280
26666
30447
SS
8S
SSSO
20808,3
12004.7
1.2282
SSP= 2 . 0 9 4 6 5 S + 0 4
CHID= 1 . 0 0 3 4 8 ^ + 0 1 :

TTPRATTONS ON ^ E S T NnlBFR
4 3 2 4 6 AE COHPLETF WITH
35 ITEflATrOff^ SUD A SPRK DTFPF^ENCE OF
IfC
ALPD
W
^1
T2
PC...,
FT
PFTO
*\Y\)
TL
235.0
29.6
C.2P4
0.0201
0.07RQ
526.0
209.7
14.27
51.29
123621
v
LO
I.BE
IB"
LAB
ET1
^2
?
HIT)
NOSO
n.0421
0.0645
0.0761
0.0623
5836
2129
3.65
O.O
1.00
PSYD
<^D
DELO
TC
LT1P
LT2F
S^*^1
FS
SO
14.997
28.230
20.756
0.255
2.(85
3.533
36^91.5
367<H.i
16663.3
f (
TTHS= 1 . 8 0 2 9 0 ^ + 0 2
SOP= 1 , 65696W + C-4
^ S 0 P = - 5 . 6251 7 E-0 1
E S S P = - 6 . 80 ) S E - ^ l
ESPSOi>=-1.26216P-P1
S^SOP^ 1 . 2 R 3 6 2 F + '1 0 :
S W T2= 3 . 6 1 9 1 3 F + 0 4
E:FT2=-1 . 62^R C .E+-0C

- 1 2 . 3 1 2 FT-LP/*IIS
WPI)
THS
TRA
97^qQ
112
240...
V?f
\(K?
5IFT2
97093
2654"*
36193
SS
SS
S^SO
2leJlS.6
1166.6
1.28^?
SSP= 2 . 1 2 6 9 2 B + C 4
P
" 8 1 0 = . 6 P 0 5 1 + 0C :

ITEPATTONS ON TEST WIMB^F

4 3 2 " " ' AP^ COMPL^TF WITH
21 TTEBATI0K8 AND A WOP"- n i F P E P F P C P>
15.750 VT-LP/HIf
V(7
ALDD...,.,W
T1.......,T7
FC . . . ,
F T . . . . . . P F T r ! . . . . , , 0 F ; T 1 . . . . . WTL ,
....TH*A
235,0
25.3
r.2U
C.0201
0.0^^9
576.1
260.9
12.49
4^.75
1^53^5
I K ? 12
122
2^2...
VPT
rp
LO
LE
LR"
LAB
ET1
ET2
^
W^n
K050
FFT2
n
r
.0a23
0.0710
^ . 0 3U
0.066^
519
1361
4.2P
^-.Q >
1.00
110196
2518^
42liiR
PSYP
r,*n
n w LO
PC
I.*P1P
LT2R
S^TI
FS
SO
SS
SSSO
NS
Q
19.pq"
28,^16
1Q.96Q
.-.221
2.096
0.46^.
3 992.C
3999.6
1527.U
2c037.fi
11248,0
1.372P
TTHS= 2 . 0 4 6 6 5 p + 02
SOP= 1 . S 7 U 1 S F>04
TSOP=-5.42349E-"1
F5SP=~6.3Un4F-Q1
SSP= ?.,OR046E+C4
t:
E
,
r
PSS80P=-9, 106^7P-r?
S^ ;np= 1 . 3 2 1 6 U F + 0 0 ;
SFT2= 4 . 2 1 4 P 8 P + QU
lSF T'2= 5 . 3Q? QfF + C^
r H i n = 1 . 11 9 2 ^ F + - 1 ;

V^J

ITFPATTONS OH TEST KfJ^RFP

I"? 12 9 k*?* COIPLFT*' WITH
7 3 ITERATIONS USD X WOP* DIFFERENCE OF
-7.SO r F T - L B / P I W
VC
hl?V>
W
T1
T2
FC. . . .
FT
PFID
BET)
WTL.
WPD.
THS
TR*A
310.0
45.0
0.284
0.0201
0.0*79
359.0
R6.9
22.95
59.62
11130*;
7C15P
7.1
725...
LO
LBE
LBF
LAB
ET1
E72
F
WSO
VOSO
MPT
WFF
SFT2
0.01
0.0463
0.011*;
0.0470
R991
41475
1.95
0.0"
1.00
70165
1 1 *t 7
30265
PSYD
GUD
PELD
PC
IT1P
LT?P
SET1
FS
SO
SS
US
SSSO
2.066
36.226
3fi.fi 96
0,420
1.726
0.72ft
31711.6
31711.5
1P451.3
21541.5
14074.9
1.1*7*
TTHS = 9 . 8 7 & 4 6 E + 01
SOP= 1 . P 3 7 3 4 E + 0 4
ES0P=-4. 271R2 E-01
FSSP = 1 . 6 6 1 2 4 F - 0 1
SSP= 2 . 1 5 7 7 1 E + C4
W
ESSSOP^ 5 . R 9 7 7 P E - 0 1
SSSOf> = 1 . 1 7 4 3 6 F + 0 0 ;
S T2 = 3 . ^ 2 6 6 9 F + P 4
E S F ^ 2 ~ - 4 . 6 1 9 2 1 E + PP
7PID= 1. 1 ^ 4 4 3 ^ + 0 1 ;
TTFFATTOKS Off T^ST 1ffT?!BFW
U ^ 3 2 P AFS CO^PL^T* 1 WITH
17 I T E P A T I O N S AVP A S0PK DTTTEP-ENC 7 OF
- 1 6 . 7 5 ? TT-LF/HIV
.VC
AT.op
V . . . . . . T1
T2
"C. . . .
F*......PFID
RED
WTL.
WPD
THS
TEFA
310.0
40.C
0.2^4
0.C201
0.0519
392.4
95.6
20.65
51.78
121659
R3966
85
220...
LO
!,BF
LBF
i, u p
?T1
FT2
F
W.SD
VOSQ
WP?
SFF
SFT2
7C3
0.0417
0.0512
O.V^P
0.-TS2n
56
23111
2.29
CO:
1.00
P3PR1
17797
27664
5YD
GHD
PFL0
9C
LT1P
I.T2P
SFTl
FS
SO
SS
S
SSPO
3.12Q
29.452
33.39n
0.374
?,067
0.773
2797P.7
27379.1
13161.C
21616,7
13113.9
1.1QC1
T T ' H S ^ 1 . 1Pr>62 1 ' + 02
SOP = 1 . P 1 5 1 1 F + 04
FSO! = - 5 . 4 7 9 9 6 E-Q2
F5SP= 3 . 7 7 2 C 3 E - 0 1
SSP= 2 . 1 6 9 8 2 E + C 4
,
r
ESSSO= 4 . 3 2 2 2 6 E - C 1
S.5SOP = 1 . 1 9 5 7 9 F + 0 P ;
S P T 2 - 2 . 7 6 6 4 iF-t-^u
*SPT2= 1 . C 4 4 2 9 F + P 0
~HID= 9 , 21 5 6 6 * + P > ;
.

ITERATIONS ON f F S T KfJWBFE
4 3 3 2 7 ftps COHPL'TP WTTH
15 TTFTATIOWS AND A WOP* DI^FEREAC? OF
VC
ALPD
W
T1
T7
FC. . . .
PT
PFTP
BFD
WTL
310.0
34.1
0.294
0.0201
0.06?"
4^4.1
110.4
1 ~>. 91
51.?
134601
LO
I.BE
LBF
LAP
ET1
FT2
F
BSD
HOSO
0.045*:
0.0568
0.0127
C.957P
9139
7592
2.7
0,00
1.00
P
SYD
f?HD
OSLO
PC
LT1"
LT2
S T1
^5
SO
6.564
26.69a
26.074
0.320
2.252
0.722
27183.7
271B5.5
17^76.0
c
TTHS = 1 . 4014P' ' + 02
SOP= 1. 7 41 5 5 ? + 04
ESO = ? . 2 7 5 9 F - p i
ESSP= 9 , 0 9 8 5 7 F - 0 1
5SSSO= 6 . 7 9 R 1 7 F - 0 1
SSSnp- 1.22191E+O0;
S*"T2= 2 . P 4 5 1 6 ^ * - f } 4
5 5 F T 2 - U.6643CE+CP

- 3 . 9 3 7 FT-LB/HIfl
WPD
THS
THFA
99555
97
226...
BP?
WKF
SFT7
99559
35046
28451
S9
NS
SSSO
21055.7
12559.5
1.2117
SSP= 2 . 1247111+04
"Hin= . 547SRP+0O;

TTF^ATrOKS OW T F S T Ntf^RE1?
4 T 3 2 6 AR" COWPLKTF TTH
26 TTFPATIOTJS AKP A WOPF DTF^EFENC^ OF
VC, . . . . . ALPT)
W
T1
T2
FC. . . .
F"'1
PFTP
PFD
WTL
3 1 0 . r.
2.6
0.294
0.0201
C.077Q
492.6
191.1
15.56
^.93
152721
5
LO
LPP.
LRF
LAB
ET1
'T2
"
WSD
WO?0
0.U11
0.(^604
0.0726
0.9587
^"14
145tt
l.l"*
0.0!'
1.00
PSYD
Wis
D^L^
^C
IT1P
LT2R
S^TI
"S
?o
,A
13.593
29.C14
?f.^6'7
.2"'6
2.',''5
".561
14Q94.C
^499?.f,
17r4^.
1
1
:
TTRF= 1 . 6 5 4 7 5 P + 0 2
. " ^ p - 1 . f Qf 3." ' + 04
" S O P = - P . ^ 9 1 ) 5 F - 0 1
K? ;SP = 8 . 74 94 R?-" 1 1
KSSSO=-6.ftl9filF-r2
S550t>= 1 . 2 4 P 7 P F + P 0 ;
^^723 . 3 1 6 0 2 F + 04
PS ? T2 = - 5 . 2 4 ? 21 E+O0

- 1 5 . 3 7 5 PT~t.B/^TV
WPD
T H S . . . . . .THKA
1175afi
111
756...
WPT
W*F
SFT2
117562
15174
3316^
?5
S
SSSO
21294.5
126?4.9
1.246
5SP= 2 . 11 "" P 2 F * C 4
rRI^s= Q . f i 2 7 R f f + 0 0 ',

TTFPATTOMS OK TT\<>* V91RFP

4 3 1 2 5 R D P c o w p L P T v WITH
3C TTF? RTTrsfyS A"?P A WOP* DTF W F"FNC^ OF
.... .VC.. . .
. .SL^n...
. < ? . . . . . . Tl
T7
?r..,.
FT ,
P F i n . . . . . . " D . . . . . WTT,
.
25.1
3 1 0 . ''
0.294
0.0791
r ,rm<xl
551.0
234, P
13.44
4. 46
17C940
K r
LO
r.p-p
LB"
LAP
FT1
"2
^
W^n
^0.50
^.",4 4 1
0.0675
0.029"
0.n64:l
9170
2G79
1,97
l.O'1
1. 0 "
pqyr)
OFLD
of
1,^1^
TT?P
S^TI
P^
SO
a^o
1 7 . 7q7
1H,Q77
r-.237
7.195
".619
T5f 4 7 . ^t
1^*4 1 . 7
162PT.6
27.165
r c
TTHS" 1.939Q? F + ^ 2
SOts- 1 . f.27fiE + <"4
'--^OP = ~ a . 1 164Rw_r-2
" F S P = - 4 . 469 - >E-')1
F5.se;op=-4. :.5o
f r) !) p , p i
t;e;<5rtp= 1 . 9 9 0 6 5 T + 0 0 ;
' 5 ^ ' ) - 1 . 7 9 r , 3 3^4 04
ESFT2= fi,167U7F + "C

-24.312
T-LB/PIN
p r
THS
THFA
137pTt|
126
266...
WPT
M8""
c;v^2
1^7P2 C *
?3yl^
?7qfa
P"?
HS
SPSO
71112, 1
11787.9
1.295
9.9P= 7 . 1 0 0 7 R F + O4
" R T ^ .59fi79v + o r ;

ITERATIONS ON TEST HUHBEP

.....?c....
45.0
470.0
LO
T.PE
0.0436
0.0325
PSTD
r,nv
3.247
36.5.36
?THS = 9 . 4 9 1 2 5E+01
ESSS0P=-7. 3T105E-01

43489 ARE COHPLETF WITH

15 ITERATIONS AND A WORK DIFFERENCE OF

PF
C.294
78 . 2
2 4 . 24
0.0201
0.0459
350. 6
57.5 8
164828
LBF
E
WSD
LAB
FT2
EM
NOSO
0.0112
1.8 4
0.0440
13977
44672
0.00
1.00
PFLO
SFT1
RC
LT1P
LT2R
FS
SO
32.296
0.439
0.708
32672.*)
1.612
32674.9
18743.2
SO?= 1 . 8 7 8 4 1 E * 0 4
ESOP= 2 . 1 7 8 6 9 E-01
ESSP=-5. 20B26E-91
SSSOP= 1 . 1 6 2 5 2 E + 0 0 ;
SFT2- 3. 32145E+04
ESFT2= 1 . 6 5 7 5 9 E + 0 C

ITERATIONS OH TEST NTHBFR

43488 APE COMPLETE WITH 21 ITERATIONS ANP A WORK DIFFERENCE OF
FT
PFID
BED
WTL.
VC
ALPT). . . . . . W . . . . .T-1
T2
..FC.
21.62
52.84
1P0526
470.0
40.C
0.284
86. 9
0.0201
0.0519
384. )
LO
LBE
E"M
E
WSD
NOSO
LAB
LBF
PT2
0.0404
0.0491
12237
2.18
0.00
1.-CC
P.0090
0.0498
29915
LT1R
SFT1
FS
PSTD
GflD
RC
DELD
LT2R
so
2.303
3.451
29.917
27209.0
27208.8
0 . 388
30.870
0.778
18415.5
ESOP=
TTHS= 1 . 1 4 4 1 1 K + 0 2
5.383^3E-P1
ESSP=-2.23545E-01
SOP= 1 . P 5 1 4 6 E + 01
ESSSOP=-7.54850E-P1
SFT2= 2 . 7 5 7 9 7 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 1 8 1 5 0 E + 0 0 ;
BSF.T2= 1 . 3 6 2 3 5 E + P 0

ITERATIONS ON TEST NUMBER

vc
470.0
34.3
LO
LBE
0.0451
0.0555
PSYD
GMD
26.741
5.92a
TTHS= 1 . 3 3 6 4 2 E * 0 2
5SSS0P=-6.97513E-02

434P7

APE COMPLETE WITH

24 ITERATIONS AND A WORK DIFFERENCE OF

...
FT.
0.284
121.7
0.0201
0.060 9
417. 4
1 8 . 58
5C.5 8
196224
NOSO
LAB
ET1
ET2
E
WSD
LBF
13194
2.69
0 . 0 557
12B58
0.0113
LCD
0.00
DELD
RC
L*np
LT2R
SF.T1
FS
SO
25.107
0.744
2 5 951.1
25950.9
17277.3
0.331
2.248
SOP = 1 . 7U4 5 0 E + 0 4
ESOP= 9 . 7 2 3 8 9 E - 0 1
ESSP= 9 . 0 1 9 8 1 E - 0 1
SSSOP= 1 . 2 0 0 9 7 E + 0 0 ;
S*T2 = 2 . 6 0 1 8 3 E + G U
ESFT2= 2 . 5 8 7 7 < > E - 0 1

- 1 6 . 5 0 ? FT-LB/HIN
tfTD THS. .
....THKA
267...
102220
76
SFT2
WPT
WKF
33214
102236
62608
SSSO
SS
MS
1.1711
21951.2
14413.6
SSP= 2 . 1 8 3 6 9 E + 0 4
:HID=
1.2R832E+0 1;

- 2 1 . 0 0 0 FT-LR/*IN
THHA
WPP. , . . . .THS
123221
90
256...
SFT2
WPT
WKF
27579
57305
123242
SSSO
NS
SS
1.1904
13375.0
2123.5
SSP= 2 . 1 8 7 5 2 E + C 4
CHID= 9 . 7 5 9 0 5 E + 0 0 ;
- 2 1 . 8 1 2 FT-LB/HIN
W"P
THS
THW A
143932
102
255...
WPT
WKF
SFT2
143953
52292
26018
SS
NS
SSSO
2C763.7
12720.1
1.2018
SSP= 2 . 0 9 5 1 0 E + 0 4
Q
CHID=
. 10499E + 0 0 ;

4 3 4 8 6 ARE COHPLETF WITH

5 ITERATIONS ANP A WORK DIFFERENCE OF
ITERATIONS ON TEST NTTFBER
FT
PFID. . . . . .BED
WTL.
..ALPD......W...
. . T V . . . . . .-. . T 2
FC.
VC. ,
0.284
0.0201
0.0689
450
17 3
16.5f
50.75
470.0
29.6
211922
LBF
LAB
ETT.
FT2
E
WSD
LO
LBE
NOSO
C.019P
0.056
1523^
3.12
0.0411
0.051
6291
0.00
1.00
LT2P
SET1
DELD
RC
LT1R
PSYD
G1P
FS
SO
22.826
0 . ?o?
2. 0 3 7
3131.4
12.000
29.364
0.596
31910.9
16649.2
TTHS= 1 . 4 R 9 5 5 E + 0 2
SOP= 1 . 6 6 1 7 7 E + C 4
ESOP=-1.89127E-01
ESSP--3.65782^-01
SFT2= 2 . 9 2 0 0 4 E + 0 4
ESSSO"--1.7702 2E-01
SSSOP= 1 . 2 1 4 3 0 F + 0 0 ;
ES"T2=-8.2654QE*0P

- 3 . 3 7 5 FT-LB/IN
WPD
THS.
THf A
160424
111
277...
WPT
WKF
SFT2
163U27
51498
2920C
SS
NS
SSSO
2C753.D
13009.2
1.2164
SSP= 2 . 0 1 7 8 9 E + P 4
CHID= 1 . 2 1 8 0 7 F + 0 1 ;

ITERATIONS ON TEST NUIBFP

4.308.4. APE CO^PLETF WITH
24 ITERATIONS AND A WORK DIFFERENCE OF
. . . . . . VC
0.284
9 . 91
47.U2
726. 4
5 6663
18.5
400 .1
78.0
0 . 0 201
0 .1159
ET1
LO
E
WSD
NOSO
FT 2
LBE
LBF
LJB
3.0359
C.)727
131
236
5.56
CO?
0.0570
1.00
0.0839
IT1R
IT2P
S P T1
FS
PSYD
r,lD
DELD
HC
so
1.779
59598.4
19.981
0 . 30 9
^9616.2
14992.5
32.612
32.185
? . 17 4
61.33
8
P_P.
^
.URf^UE
+
CI
FSOP
=
P
SOP=
1
ESSP=
1.
9
8
1
0
2
E
+00
TTHS= 2 . 7 0 6 1 2 E + 0 2
SFT2 = 6 6 0 1 4 8 P + 0 4
ESFT2= 1.C 7 6 6 0 E + 0 1
ESSSOP= 2 . 7 6 6 1 6 E + 0 0
sr;soB= 1 . 5 0 7 1 2 F * DO;

3 . 0 6 ? FT-LB/MTV
THS.. . . . . T P F A
49 3 6 7
199...
108
SET2
WPT
WKF
49371
8295
66014
SS
SSSO
NS
21997.U
1.4665
10725.4
SSP= 2 . 2 4 P 1 0 E + C 4
CHID = 1 . 2 3 9 0 3 E + C 1 ;

I T * ? \ T I 0 H 5 ON T F S T V I P R F 0
4 3 1 / 4 \r> ; C O M P L ^ T WTTH
4 1 I TER A m TOTIS A N n ft O P K pT " V f " EHCE O F
Pff,
T1
?2.
F T . . . . . . pp I P . . . . . . B T
v c . . . . . . A L P O . . . . . ,W
PoifiQ
6 8 4 . ft
117.0
1 0 . 47
47.77
0.2**1
0. "201
0.inqp
3^2.7
1R.5
T1
FV2
NOSO
LO
L^"
LAP
F
LBF
nsn
ail
1,0795
C.C5S3
0.1693
30 M
1.0^
T.0321
5.25
0.03
p.qvn
TJFLO
L"M p
RC
I.T2B
SFT1
FS
RID
so
20.016
63T53..1
32.^77
0,292
0 . 183
1. ^ 2
63355. 3
15C92.P
34.32
FSOP= - 7 . 3 5 0 6 1 * !~0 1
SOP= 1 . U q 8 & 4 E + C 4
ESS " = -. 2 1 9 5 4 w ~ 9 1
TTPS=
2.52247^+^2
c;c;c;r)n~ 1 . mpussv" * 0 ;
ESSSOP= 2 . 8 5 0 q q i J - . f 1
E S F T 2 - 1 . 3 0 7 ? 7 F+ f. P
S P T 2 = f . 4 1 P 3 5 S:+oft

124R1
67641
SS
**S
2164P.7
11431.7
S S P = ? ,, I C ; S 7 3 F : + 0 4
,7Rrm= ' . 4 2 5 7 1 F + C 1 ;

I T E R A T I O N S ON ^ E S T N T f B E S
4 ^ 1 6 4 A P ? C O P ! P L E T c WTTH
2 P I T E R A T I O N S A U n A WORK D I F ' F ? F S C B OF
WT ,
....PFTO..
BT,
HTL
VC
ALPD. . .
T1 . . . . . .
.
.
F
C
.
.
.
',1^4 9
47 .5 q
13. 5
3^6.?
1S&.0
0.0201
1 0 . 9n
0 . 2p 4
642 . 9
iro3co
5n
LO
LP 1 *
LAB
KT1
ET2
?
LBE
JOSQ
0.C0
C .031R
0.0520
446r
6TB
5.01
C.0 67 3
0.0762
1. 0 0
T
T
W
P
<
;
DELD
RC
PSYD
r. i"
r 2P
S TI
G*!D
so
20.54 3
1.57?;
0.30 3
59^15,^
31.973
r. i o7
5(332.5
34,821
1 5 f: 6 1 . 7
c
S1P=
1.4QU99E+04
TTHS = 2 . 3 5 0 0 4 E + G 2
T S S ? = - 1 . 36270E+'',C
FS0r = ~ ? . 4 8 7 ! 2 F ~ C 1
5PT?=
5. f66r5F+-r
S<;SOo = 1 . 3 S 7 2 F + 9 0 ;
PSF,,2 = - 1 . o i : * > 0 E + 0 r l
F.SSSOP = - 6 . 1 P 5 6 2 F - C 1

. . . THS
TP* A
841^7
122
248...
WF"
SFT?
W P T
93037
1629''
5P660
NS
SSSO
SS
11789.1
1.396 0
21"27.1
SSP=
2.07H06F+C4
CPID=: 1 , 5 5 3 5 ' + r 1 ;

...

I T F P A T O N S ON T F S V NtJKPE'-*
4 3 2 4 U A F F C O " . P I . = , T r ' WT^H 2 0 T T F R A C T O N S A D A WPPK D I F F E R E N C E O F
,T1....
P F T ^ . . . . . . ?^r>
WTL
.VC
A L T
W.
..T2
4 5.44
f, 1 7 . R
11 . 4 4
IP.
n . 2^4
31 3 . 1
235."
0.10"^
145206
O.f201
W
PT 1
T,T
LO
IPE
T..AB
FT2
HOSO
w^n
C. n42 5
0,0414
4 . R1
R96
0.0751
5512
C.0682
0.C0
1.0^
DFLD
t>c,
tf?F
i>SYO
."M
SFT1
inn
s
so
18.4^0
4 17Bf,0
(!. 410
2^.531
^ .20?
?. ' 51
26.R51
U17P5.0
15180.^
i
SOT>=
1 . ^ 1 ^q3' ; + 04
FSOPTTHS=
2.26^63F*02
1ft97fiF-^1
FSSP=-3. 5-'424E-01
Sssno=
1.3532RF+CC;
S S S O P = - 4 . ^t>r*F,nv:~ri
11214*>r<u
SFT? =
ESF^2= 2.23407F+-C1

ITF^A^TONS

ON T F S T

vc
1^.5
LPE
0.T724
R!!P
psvn
24.5*7
27.qau
T T H ^ ^ 2, 1 6 3 Q 2 ' : ' + :;2
E 5 5 ? 0 ? = - 7 . 6 3 60 7 ^ - ^ 1
310.r>
LO
0.04 41

VSO2 . 3 7 < 3 1 2 F - 11
55 S A = 2 . 1 2 ^ ^ ^ E + 0 4
S i n ^ = 2 . 0 6 1 2 3E-M 0

NITT^PFR

A 0 ^ COKiT, i " , , F
T7 ,
O . 0 2C 1
0 .n q5

433^4

f^.2^4
LB F
i,n
?.0667
0 . 1 3 72
n?LO
^C
!
17.319
>. ? 1 ^
50p= 1 , c 50R3F+04
S ^ S ' ^ ^ 1 .3217RF+0 0;

^OA= 1 . 6 5 7 5 5 1 7 * ^ 4
5S*J=
2,"2530"'+04
S5?5>OX=
1.46655F+K

3 2 T ' " ' p ? A T I O K S AND A WOP" DT " T R ^ f J C O F

av
p,
WTL.
T>FTD
.V)
5q ?. P
193703
4 4.4"1
1 2 . 06
2P7.0
W^n
PT2
F-"1
E
!?0^0
qoqp
1294
4.^6
o.co
1.00
t^-" ? p
L^l"
SI *"F1
PO
v%
"'. 4 5 ^
^6726.4
2. 18?
15416.7
36775.6
F S O P = c( _ Q 7 5 3 p ,C 1
E S S P = - 1 . 7 ' J 6HI V_n1
C
S F T 2 = 4 , , 5 7 B Q 3 P + rix
",S?T22 . 4 676 )F*^1
WITH

6 7 f ?S
KPT

12.312

F^-LR/IIH

11P

233...
SFX2
641B3
5LSSO
1 .43(43

vrr

1Q.ir>1

VT-I,B/NIN

SPO.

2. 6P7 T-r.B/"TW
, , THS
TH^A
133
25R.. .
W*P
SFT2
wpT
23202
51121
122P01
SS
NS
P=?^0
2 064P.1
11492.7
1.3596
SSP^
2.05677F+C4
CFT^=
1.2411F+C1:
WPP.
122C>3

21."12

"T-LP/fTN

Pf-

? 0 ^ = 1 . 4 7 9 Q 7 V + C4
?S5f= 2 . 2 4 <J 5 7 7 + 0 4
S55?nK= 1 . 1 6 7 U 7 i ? + r

50K=

1 . ^ 7 m 7 R + ()0

T"T=
r

S5S0A=-

7U;

1. 2P55F+0,'

153715
137
270...
WPT
VKV
SFT 2
1c3737
30067
U57i?a
^S
NS
SI5SP
20533.7
1174R.9
1.331Q
S q p = 2 . 0Uc'B"7F + 04
CPT^^= 1 . 1 2 6 0 ^ ^ + ^ 1

VSS=
1.05491F-01
P^X^y3.2977Pr+^1
VS?:S0= 2 . 3 ? 5 7 ^ F - 0 1

136

PRU: PFOCEDORF OPTIONS

1
2
3
U

5
6
7
9
10
11
12
11
1
2:2

2
36
39
a?

5a
52
56
64
66
70
78

m
cm
or
91
99
IPO
101
102
104

105
10"?
1 C'9

109
110
111
112
116
120
12*
129
130
131
1.15
136

flUTV)

PBU: P7*or-Rni!PF OPTIONS (*HIW1

"M.T, MPP
MPR: PROCKnnRS
DCL C (2? , 0(2) , (3(2) ftP(7f3P) , B (30)
PCI, Z (2) , 0T(?)
OCL P(7,IP>
PT1 - UO0 ;
TTMS = 1 0 0 ;
KLL = 0
D O v c = e o , 3 2 0 , 2 t o , 1 6 0 , 120 , s o ;
Pt7T SDT? < . ' } ( AGF , A{1) ) ;
DO SLFD = a 5 , HO , 35 , IT , 25 , 20
LSTT*(:
SS = 2 2 5 0 ^ ;
PLW=26 ; DT.x=3fi;f>i,s = 2
I F HI.FD = * 5 THFM OO ; PSNf = 2 ; PSX = 7 ; PRS= 1
SPV = 1 . 1 6 ; SRX = 1 . 2 3 ; / * it5 DF1PFFS * /
SP = 1 . 1 7 ; SO = 1PRO0 ; F * 1 . 9 :
pr,X=31;PIS = ?
DL*7 = 2 3
r " SLFO = ttO THEN DO ; PSN = 1 ; P S X = 1 1 ; P S S = 1
SRN = 1 . 1 9 ; S^X = 1 . 2 9
/ * UQ DFOFFFS * /
SB = 1 . 1 9 ; SO = 1R5O0 ; F = 2 . 2 ;
^KP
TP A!.FO = 3 5 ^HPN DO ; PSN = 6 ; PSX = 1 6 ; P S S - 2 ; DI.K=1^ ; OT.X-23; P.LS" 1 . 5;
SPN = 1 . 2 0 ; SRX = 1 . 3 6 ; / * 35 DFGREFS * /
PMn
S9 = 1 . 2 0 ; SO = 1 7 2 0 0
; F = 2.7 ;
m,y=23;PLS=1
I F SLFD = 30 ?HFN 0 0 ; P S M = 1 2 ; P S X = 2 2 ; PSS = 2 ; PLN=17
SRK = 1 . 2 1 ; SPX = 1 . 3 7 ; / * 10 DEOFEFS * /
SR = 1 . 2 2 ; SO = 1 7 0 0 1 : P = 3 . 2 ;
EVP
I F A I " n = 2 ^ THEN DO ; P s t i ^ 1 8;PSX = 2R; DL= 1 7 ; HI X - 2 2 ;DLS=1
PSS=7
SPV = 1 . 2 ; SRX 5= 1 . 0 7 ; / * 2 5 D E I F F ^ S * /
SP
= 1 . 2 9 ; SO = 16 2 ^ 0 ', F = 4 . P ;
PND
I F AT,*-*! = 20 THF.N DO ; SRNT = 1 . 2 7 S n X = 1 . e ' 1 S p = 1 . <* t D S X = 3 2 ;
DI,*J = 13 ; SO = 160CC ;
EKn
PSV ; PSXH = PSX ; PSSH = PSS ; PI, VH-OT V; P.T.XR=OLX; PT,SH = PLS
PSSH
KL = *
LLL = *
;
P{*} = 0 . 100f)->n ;
C | 1 ) - fPSN + P S X J / 2 ; C { 2 | = (PLN + D L K ) / 2 ' ;
LSBFL:
SFSO - 1 0 * * 7 S
DFI-1 = 2 0 C . " i OFL2 = :.'.0 31 ;
OET.i = 12C0P ;
P I . 1 = 20 ;
TftLL TAYLOR fKN,ih f C , 0 , G , 1 T J f n s i 1 , p i ' 1 . 2 , XX, S F S Q , KK ,"XTT , P , B , VC , * I.^D, S P ,
F f "T 1 , TT*TS,SO, SS
CAT, I. STS ;
S^S:
PPOCPFI^F
;
I F F > 6 . P TFfT^N F = 6 , 0 ; I F F < 1 . 6 TFFK F = 1 . fi :
I F TTHS > 3T0 THFN TTtfS - 3^0 ; I " TTHS < 0 THVN TTHS = <^ ;
I F FT1 > 5 0 0 0 ' 1 TH^N ET1 = 5C0O0 J TF FT1 "T 300 THEN F ^ l = 300 ;
SffO = 1 . 1 2 0 3 3 ; GK = 6 . 0 R 3 7 7 ; T = T T P S / 1 0 0 P ; SA = - . i ^ l ^ T f ,
PB = 0 . 3 H 0 3 0 1 ;
r e = - 0 . 16177 ;
s s s o = ssco* (r;K**T) * c * * f M + RB*T)) * ( r T i * * f c r * T n
SSK = I ^ P . 3 0 ; nSK = P 3 0 5 . H 7 ; AAS = -L . U 9 2 5 5 2 ; BBS = - 2 . 1 * 2 3 7 ;
CCS = - 0 , 1 2 0 0 0 1 ;
S S P = SSfT* (RSK'**T) * ( F * * (AAS-tRBS*T) ) * ( ' = " r 1 * * ( C C S * ' r ) }

137

PS4;

137
141
145
146
1 47
14R
149
151
152
163
157
15fl
161
162
163
164
165
166
17?
174
177
130
1Rt
18.3
18i
190
101
192
193
194
196
196
1 99

199
200
2f1
2^2
204
20 5
206
2 07
209
210
211
212
213
21S

PPOCF.WTRP OPTIONS

(IAIN)

J 55 5 S > ? 2 2 0 r . -rp-P-N S S P = 2 2 2 0 C ; TF S S " < 2 0 1 0 0 W U N S S P = ">n400 1

!* S S S O D < S R N THF.N sssnp = S P S ; I F S S S O P "> ipy ? H ^ N S S S O P - S P X
SOP - SSP/SSSOP ;
F N P s?<; ;
SSSO = SR ;
KL = ifL + 1 ;
IF TL > 2" THFJf CO TO THR_FNn J
TF *ir=-i j A R S (SO-SOP)>3oo | ssso>(S?SOP*C.002) ! ssso< fsssnp-n o m )
THEN DI
SSSO = SSSOP ; SF = SSSOP ; SO ~ S o p - S S = SS?> j
J K J - " t
I P KK = - 1 T^PH PO ; SQP! = 1 0 * * 7 * ;
STP;
HO 7, (?) = Df.N TH Dl.if "V DT,'
DO 7 ( 1 ) =r pc:K 7 0 PSX BY P S S
Lff = - 3 ;
.TAT, I, "jfrTtf
f Z , f i , A " r P , L r , v r , A L F D , S P # F , T"T1 , T H S , sr> , SS
sp = s r i * fR (*) * * 2 ) ;
I F SQfl <" SOFI THEN DO ; 5QH ~ S 0 ; T f * }
- 7 (*) % V ML ST^ ;
' >n
END : E*!D ;
PSK = C ( 1 ) - P S S ; PSX = " ( 1 ) + PSS ; P S S = P S S / 4 ;
DL** = " ( 2 ) - DLS ; PLX = C { 2 ) + PLS ; 0 L 5 = DT 5 / 4 ;
.Iff J = J t r j + 1 j
I F JK.T < 2 TflFN 0 0 T O S T ;
D L S - D L 5 " ; DI.X = DLYH ; P L N - P I N H ; P S S = P S S F ', PSX-PSXF ; PSV - ^SflH
TATT,

qT9

END ;
I-f - P ;
GO T O LABEL ;
FNP ;
THF_F*fHr
F,K~=: ^
;
CALL "P^rTN { C , r ; , A R , B , L K , V C , A L F D , S f l , F , FT 1 , TPS , 50 , SS
BSD ; F>JD ;
/ * DO PANS? OF OSPFFDS ?, F F F ^
*/
T>MVI "<i>P

/<
/*
/*
/*

*/
*/

TAY1
' R Y L ^ P : oRoCFDnnP: < J J J r L L L , X , F , F f T^HA y , F D S 1 , " P S ? , DEP, 5 , * " N S , ' X I T , A55 , PH,
V^T Jf AT F , SPff, T?TT, FTITT^TTHSTTy SOTT, SST1
> ;
r
OCL X\M2
( 2 )f?) , F f>)
, t^H{2)
, , pP
,
, kV(l
)
B{H2 (>2 ) , F " \2\ , " ( 2 ) , DX P I , 0 " M < 2 , 2 )
t i i o^
i o n i',\
nui'>\
DCL 7 PINAPY FIXED
ON "RPOf m TO LR
;
SR - 5"H ;
ftL = ALT
MS - S
H ~ 2
;
= 2
;
JK ~ 0
7, = 0
KENS = 0'
ITERATION:
'Z = Z + 1
I F Z > TTflAX THEN DO
KFNN = 1

138

PPM;

216
217
21R
219
220
221
223
2 27
229
230
2 35
2 36
237
241
2tt2
2UH

2*5
248
250
253
256
257
25B
259
261
2f5
267
270
271
272
273
2 76
277
278
279
283
2 8*

2B5
2R6
287
290
291
292
293
296
297
293
.2 99
300

PPOCEMIBF, OPTION?

<*ATNj

(50 TO F.NDE
FKD
/* IF 7, > TTHAX
*/
T. -" ^
HL = 1.0
T>ft.*Pt
L = L + 1
I F fTFW = 0 5 L > 16 THFV DO ;
K',H = 3 ; HL = 1 . 0 ; I = 0 ; DX (*) = - n X { * } ;
L - 1fi
l)Xf*l -- 0 ;
,/* T H I S CARD PRFVFHTS 1 5 FONAL STFDS
*/
FMD ;
TF V F * * i 3 f- I- = 16 THF*J DO ; 5TFSN = - 1 ; X (*) - X {*) -OX {*) ;nOTO ENDF
FNP
LBT:
I F X{1) < 1 . ^ TPFS DO ; TFK = - 1 ; SO TO ENDF ; FND :
CSLL *"SCTy { X , F , AP , BH , JK , ? F L , AT, , SB , ETT, FT1 T T , T H S T T ,
snTTjSSTT
)
S = 2
;
H '= 2
HF = 0
DO T = 1 TO
; FiF = HF + F ( U * F ( T )
;
END
I " HF > ( H S * ( 1 . 0 - n . 2 * H L J ) THFK T)0
I F KFffW = 0 TKF KL = R L / 2 ; ELSF HI = 1 / 1 5 ;
DO K = 1 T O u ; X|K) = X(IT) + H!,*DX{K} ; FKD
GO TO DA HP
FKD
,/* T* FTF > { " S * { 1 . 0 - ' " ) . 2*I.) )
*/
HS = RF
TF MS < F P S 1 TWFM HO TO FKOE
I ? HS < 3 0 O n THFN H (*) = 0 . 0 1 ;
I F ffg < 3 0 0 THEN H ( * } = D . 3 P 1
H = 2
;
w = 7
HO T =- 1 TO N
J HF - H(T) ;
HZ = 2 , C * H F
LBO*
X(T) = X ( I ) + W
CAIJ, "N'CTW f X , " P , AR , BH , JK , ?BL , AL , S , F T T , FT1 T * P # T H S T ^ f
SOTT,SSTT
)
X(TJ = X{T1 - "
;
fsO K = 1 TO M j D F P X ( K , I ) = <FP(K) ~ F ( K ) ) / H F
; FND
Fn
/ * T = If TO N * /
LRK;
n = 2
:
M - 2
I F * = V THFN PO ; CALL GHWSS (W,n , nX,F,F)X,FX:TT)
;
END
ELSF DO
LBL:
n n T - 1 TO
;
fTK?

rs

n o fr = 1 TO *i ; H* =
HF + (DFOX ( K I ) ) *F (R)
; CTD
n ( I ) = H*
DO K = I TO W
PF = 0
DO ,T s 1 TO ; HF = HF + (OPT>X ( J , IJ) * (DFPX f J , K) )
AA C I , K ) = HF
A A ( K , I ) = HF
END
/ * DO R * T TO 1 * /
FHn
/ * DO I = 1 TO H
*/
CALL GAOSS ( S , Hi , P , BK , EXIT )

^
;

ESD

PBft ; PPOCEMJRF, OPTIONS

301
10 2
101
30U
305
10?
309
310

^Mf} / * VISE
?>0 FOP I P K = K * /
R? -- ^
HP = 0
no T ~ 1 T(i *?
I T { V '{I) ~ OX ( I ) | < 1.0 THFN nX(T{ = V (T> - 1.0 ;
I F ( X ( T ) - P X ( I H > ^ 0 THFN D X ( I ) = X (I)
- 10 ;
X ( ! ) = X fT) - m (T)
LB*:
HZ --- H7 + ABS fX( H )
H - HP * ABS (OX <T) )
^MD
/ * DO I -~ 1 TO N
*/
I F HS* >= EPS?*H7, THRW " 0 TO I T T A T Y O N
StfTiff:
I F P-SJW - 0 TH^W JK = 7 ; FT.SF JK - srPWN ;
CAI.T. FtfCTP ( K , F , H , Bif , J f , V^L f AL , SR , F.TT, FT1 T T > T H 5 T ? ,
SOTTjSSTT
LB:
S = 0

311
312
313
315
316
31P
310
320

T^MAX

321
3?(}
325

32
32*7
328
32a
331
332
333
3 38
33^
340
3fl 1
3tt2
33
3au
345
3'! 6
37
3a8
3U9
350
351
353
35^
355

{HAINJ

DO T = 1 TO
pt-Tipij
PWn TA7LOP

S = S + F(T)*F(T)

PND

/*
/*
/*
fi

TARSP: P S O C D I P I ? ( 1 * , ftR, B , X ,
DCT. X ( 7 ) , A * p , 3 ( 1 )
DCL A ( a ) , B ( ? ) , 3H ( ? ) , AK(tt)
OH ^R^OR CO TO LTU
;
MN = ^
T,C :
00 T. -- 1 TO fM
; no I = 1 TO HR ;
Lit

FXTT 1

S8 = SS + 1 ;

L2;
P F I ( I ) = R ( 1 ) ; PH (?1 = B { ? )
TOT. = 0 . 0 C 0 1
K5 = i
OJ = ~ v
^ o =i - 1 T O *;
JT = .1*1
J.I = J J + N + 1
L3 ;
fll^A = r , 0
IT jJ-j
/ * SEARCH F'"'R ."AX CO F F T C I F NT IN COLUMN
n o T = .1 T I N
r.1 - I T + T
TF f ABMPTrlA) - A B S ( A ( T . J ) U < 0 . 0 THEN DO
!,:
BTOA - A ( T J )
TlAV = I
EMO / * (ARS(RTGA) - hBS (A (IJj } } < 0,r

A(MW)= AS (1 , L) ; ?n Dj F

*/

PSi;

PPOrEDOBF, OPTIONS

356

357

{1HINJ

EN?>
/ * I = J TO H * /
/ * TEST FOR PTVOT LESS THAN TO 1
/ * INTESCHAHRE HOSTS TF H1CF1SSARY

*/
*/

t^t
1 1 ~ J-N* ( J --2}
I T -- THAX-J
T50 K = .7 TO
11 = I H - N
r2 = 1 1 + I T

15R
ISO
3 60
161
362

L6:

Ifl

7,?;

SAVE = A ( I f )

16
16S
366
367
368
169
170
371
372
171
17tj
IT'S
17 7
^78
V?9
3n
301
18?
iBi
384
IBS
186
187
188
389
390
391
102
31
19U
3PS
196
Tq-y
18
3 9'>
400
U01

A f T I ) = A(T2)
A (T 2) - SftVB
/*
DIVIDE 0ATTON BY LEADTH<"; COEFFICIENT
A{11) = &(I11/BXG
KNTl / * I F { &RS{DO K = J TO N
*/
fJAVP = B (TMAX)
I,R:
BH(1) = Rf1) ; BH(?) = P ( ? l
B ( I S A X ) = B(-7)
B (,7J - SAVE/BIGA
L<?:
BH(1> = B ( 1 ) ; BH(2) = B {?.)
i v j = *> Tff^N n o TO BFSOL
/ * ""LTMIMTE NEXT VAR7A3T.F
I OS = H* (.7-1)
DC TX = t7Y TO N
IX.7 = TQS + TX
IT = j - rx
TlO JX = >7Y TO N
I X J X = W*(vlX~11 + O
.7JX = I X J X * I T
a <rxjx) = A ( I X J X ) - (A(TXJ) ) *A ( J J X )
E*!D
/* DO JX = -TY TO N
*/
P{TX) = B ( I X ) - {B(.7U * { * ( I X J M
KSD
/* DO IX = .7Y TO K
*/
END
/* ,1 = 1 TO K
*/
BKSOLt
/* BACK SOLT!TTf>S
*/
NY = 1-1
I T = W*
0 0 J = 1 T O NY
IA - IT - .7
IB = N - J
IC =. V
DO K = 1 TO J
B(TB) - B{IB) - (A{TA) )*{B{ICH
TA - IA - S
IC = IC - 1
END
/* DO K = 1 TO J
*/
END
/* DO J - 1 TO HY
*/
LL4:
DO LI = 1 TO H ; X (IX} = B (IL)
;
CTP

*/

*/

141

PR4: PROCEDURE OPTIONS (HATH)

uri
to 4

4os
1*06
4 07
403
4 09

410
m i
tin

an*
!}1S
416
17
K1f)
420
W22
42.1
H2U

425
426
27
428
429
U30
431
412
431
34
435
436
437
43 8
4 39
440
441
444
445
451
4 52
45 3
45
4 55
456

BFTTtfNf
FD GMJS5

I
;

/*
/*
/*
FNCTS:

*/
*/
*/
PROCEDURE

( C , n , SB , PL , TST , VFL ALP S5SOB ,

E T , F' r, 1TTTHS* T ' ) , S3T 5 ST
)
n e t , CT(?) , " . ( 2 1 , R R f 7 # 3 0 | , F L { 3 0 )
DECLARE ( H H n G , T 5 T # I
J BINARY TiCKD ( 3 1 , 0 )
DECLAHP, (
R , LAB , LBF , LPF , 1 0 , I T 1 8 , LT2B , NO^O , MS
)
DFCIHAl
;
DEC!ST?E r,V ( 5 5 ) , DRO ( 3 5 ) , D P 1 ( 5 5 ) , T H f 5 5 J , 8 0 ( 2 5 ) , HI ( 2 5 )
DWLUBE P S ( 2 G 1 ) , D L ( 1 1 1 ) , T S f l P I )
,
ON EBSOK n o TO L? ;
F1T01t
FHTG2:
, 2 ), wr ( 93 , 1)
F { ,1 20 3F)( O ,f l t 5) t ?F ( 1F 0( ,1, )1 ) ,,2 Fp (f 19 P
FORMAT "OR1AT
( S K T P , ( 32 FF (( 91 ,0 1}
, 2, )4)
F ( 9 ) r A ( 3 ) )) j;
F H T 0 1 ; Pni?MS,T f K F ( 1 0 , 4 ) , 2 F f l O , " ) 2 ? ( 1 0 , 2 ) , 4 F ( 1 C , 0 )
SSSO = SSSOR ;
PSTD = C ( 1 )
;
DFLD = C ( ? )
OL (L) - DFLD
VC = VSI. ; AT.FD = ALP
SIT = 15000
PT
= 3.141592653ft
DTS = * T / 1 R 0 . n
RTP a 1 R 0 / P I
P
= H.097S
K
=10.3 1
CP
- 0. 23
V
= 0.2P0
T1
= ^.020?
NOSO - 1 . C 0
1,0:
T = 4 1 0 0 0 * Vf M F D / 5
J = 1
LI:
TTT = T I T * 1
PSTR = P S I D * O T *
D E L " - DKI,D*DTR
ALPR = SLD*DTR
PP
-- 1 , 0 < 5T*f ( P S I R ) / C O S ( P S r R )
Pf
- 1 . 0 ~ STN ( P S I H ) / C O S ( P S I R )
NS = "

CN ~ -2.0 ; Gfl) = PSID + ALFD ; GR (2) = PSTD + ALFD -2 ',

LS?
NS = H M
;
I F NH > 15 THEM DO ; POT DATA ( NN) ; PE1 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 ; GO TO 1,2
N = 1
;
CS = - 1 . 0 ;
SSSOfl = 0 . 0
;
T,5:
G11D = GR (K)
;
GHR = GflD+DTF?
5 S S 0 = (PP*COS(GMR-ALFR) - P H * S I 1 ( G 1 P - A L W S ) ) *COS(GWR-ALFR)

PSD

142

PRIt

a 57
U62
465
U7.}
172
17^
HTH
tt 7 5
URQ
1B1
*t2
1fl3
11
4S
Q85
14QO
4Q1
492

PROCEDURE OPTIONS

C M If?)

KSS1 > SS50H THEN n o ; SSSOff - SSSO ; GMBH = GR (Ml ; ENB l

I F SSSO > SSSO TBE8 T S [ N ) = 2 ; FLSS T S ( N ) = T
I P M = 1 THEN DO ; w = 2
GO TO L5 ; END
I P S>5i| |
( A B S f S S S O - S S S O ) < 0 , G 0 0 0 1 ) T U B S DO
GO TO L6
END / * I F H>^<? | S S S O = S S R 3 + - 0 . 0 0 0 1 * /
IK = f) I
I F T S ( N ) -.= T S { N - 1 ) THEN DO ; TK = 1
CN
pup
-crw/a
IF

GRfH+1)

SRfS)

4- CH

H = N + 1
GO TO L5

IP S>5 S fABS(SSSO-SSSO) > 0.0003) THEN DO

SSSO - SSSOH ;
GMT) = RHDH ; GHR - GHO+DTR
PO1^ P U T * f GWP
ssso
sssn
CPPS C O S f P S I R t * S I N ( P S I P )
SIS(GMR)
/COS
f
G
^
f
|
GUT
{SIN (rjR) ) / { P P * C O S (GKP.-ALFR) S
(TUN ( P S I F ) ) + {SrN{OELRM /
RC

TIN!)

fPP*COS (ALFP+DELP))

14 q ^
4Qi
405
i+Pf>
H17
it CIS
&qq
Ki,'->
501
502
5 M
c;rij
505
5 0 fi
5P7
5 f r i
509

sio
51 1
512
511

via
5 17
5 1q
S?Q

5?^
521
522
521

52U
525

T2
FIT
PPIP
E
LT2PLT1P.
LO
LBF
LBF
ETl
LAB
L7;
SSSOH
FC

T1/RC

PC*COS ( A I P R ) / ( 1 - RC*STK(ALFR) )
ATAN ( K I T )
SIN{PFIR-ALFR)/C:>S{PFIR-ALFR) + C O S ( P F I R ) / S I N ( P F I R ) ;
C O S { P S I P + A I F R + DELP) / fCPPS*COS fALFR + DF.LP) )
LT2R/RC
LT1P*T1
T2/CPPS
L B E * S I { S I S ) /COS {ALFR + DELB)
Q,1*E*VC*
{1 + B C > / ( L B F * f P S T R + A I F P - G 1 R ) )
LBE*COS ( P S I P 5 /COS CGWP-ILFP)

SSSO
;
S O * H * ( L B E * ( S T S { P S I R + ALF!t) + C O S ( P S T R + A L F R ) ) *
S S S O * L B F * (COS(BBLR) - N 0 S 0 * S I N (D5L R) ) )
i
FT
= SO*W*(LBE*(COS(PSTR*ALFR) - SIN (PSTR+ALFR)) *
SSSO*LBF*{SIS(OELB) + S10S3*C0SfDELR)))
;
pp
= VC*PC*{FC*SIN(ALFB) + FT*COSfALFR))/1ftOO
;
Tffp = QV/ {f 2*P*CP*C*T*1 *W)
1
QS
- F r * ? C / 1 i t O O - OF
<R
= 720*P*C?*VC*T1/K
THNB= R * F I T
B
= SQFT(A3S(R./1T2R))
THNB = ABSfTHNB)
I F THNR > 1 2 . 0
TREK BETA = 0 . 1 0 ; E L S E BETA = 0 . 4 7 5 - 0 . 1 i 9 R * L 0 S f T R N B ) ;
THS = Q S * ( 1 - B E T A ) / { 1 2 * P * C P * f f C * T 1 * W )
TTHS= T H S / { 1 - P E T A )
THMX= 0 . 7 2 * T H F * B * { 0 . B 5 6 * * { B * L T 2 E * ( P P - 1 ) / 2 5 ) )
THSA= "'ffWX + THS
THTR=
ATAN((RC*C05(PFIRJ-SIN(ALFP-PFIP))/COS(ALFR-P'TR)) J
THTR= ABSfTHTP)
;
THTO= THTP*HTD
;
TTHT=
f(PC*rOS(PFIR) ~ S I N ( A L F R - P F I R ) ) / ( C O S { A L F R - P F I B ) ))
TTHT = ? B $ ( T T H T )
I

PM;

52fi
528
523
530
531
512
515
536
537
53?
53<*
50
5a?
5&<*
55
556
553
559
560
561
562
563
56U
565
566
567
563
569
570
571
5"*2
571
5"fj
57*5
576
578
580
581
585
S9
5^3
5^4
595
5<&
597
S^R
5 Q( 5

600
601
602
603

PROCEDURE OPTTONS

tfHD

(HAIW)

PFTR = PIR*TJTD
; BED - I I P D A T A S D ( F T / P C )
UK? = 1ttO0*OP
SJT1 = FC*VC
%
8PD = WTL ~ KKF
;
S?S~
(COS(PSIR + ALFR-GHR}-SIS(PSIS*ALFR-CHR) I *SO*LBE/L*8
N = 1 ; CHfll = 0 . 0
t CS = 2 , 0
L8s
CHID ~ CK{W|
| CfTTR = CHID*DTS
AA = 1 . 0 * ( 2 * C O S ( C H I R ) } * ( S I S ( G H B f
- S I B (CRTR))
DD = SS*CGS(GHF~CHIR) * HS*STN (GMR-CHIR)
S I - DD/AA
I P S I > ST I fwm
T S f S ) = t ; FLSF TS (W) = 2
I M
= 1 THT?$ DO ; K - 2 j Cff(N) = 2 . 0
;GO TO t B ; PSD
I ? S > 3 5 THE*? DO ; PHT DATA ( N , C H I D t S T ) ; GO TO L1* ; FSD
TF A B S ( S T T - S T ) > 1 . 0 T8FK DO
I P TS{H1 = T S C M - 1 ! TF*RM DO
CHflt + l ) = CH(K) * CH
N = N 1
GO TO t
FSID
/ * T S ( ( ) = TS(K-1J
?
*/
*?LSK DO
CN = - C H / t t
CH (K*1) = CH(S) * CS
H = If + 1
GO TO I,**
PND
/ * ELSE DO
*/
/ * ABS(SX-SII^ > 1.0
*/
LS;
H = LAB* ( S I S (GBR) - S I S (CBIR) )
D = LAB* (COS (CHIR) - COS (GSR))
APD2 ~ ( L A B * * 2 ) * ( P S I R+At^R-CffTPt /? * ! ! * { K * D ) / 2
TRO = LAB* ( P S I R + ALFR-CRTRJ / ( V C * ( 1 + PC})
gPT =
S 0 * 8 * ( ( 1 - R C * * 2 ) / ( 2 * F C ) TTHT) *APT)Z/TRQ
SPSO = ( P H / ( T A S ( P S T R ) | * SSSO* ((TAR (RI.FR4-DPLR)) * KOSOH /
( ( 1 / ( T A S ( P S I R ) J ~ TAS(ALPR + DELRS }
S F T 1 ~ SFSO*SG
I
I P ABS(LO) < 0 , 0 0 0 1 THFH LO - 0 . 0 1
T? A 9 S ( P P - 1 i < 0 , 0 0 0 1 THTIS PP = 1 . 0 1
ET2 = 0 . a * T C * R C / ( L O * ( P P - 1 ) >
%
I ? P > 5 . 3 THJ?s? B = 5 , 3 ; I P E < l . f l THES E = 1 . 8 ;
I F FTT > U 5 0 0 0 THBM f?T2 = 1*5000 ; I F ET2 < 3 0 0 THEW FT2 ~ 303
I F THIS > 2 7 0 THEH THMA = 2 7 0 t I F THKA < 1 5 0 THF!? TR = 15C
SFO = FXP ( 1 U . 10'42! ;
T = TH!A/100n
GK = * X P { - 1 3 . ? 5 6 0 ) %
AA = - 1 . S U f i l O ;
BB = I 1 ; . 7 9 0 9 ;
CC ~ - 0 . 2 4 6 2 4 9 ;
DD = 1 . 1 9 7 9 1 - 1 , 3 6 B 5 B * (LOG (E)> ;

SFF1 - SPO*(Gfr**T^ * (F**(AA+BB*T)> *(BT2**(CC*DD*T)!l

SFT2 = SFF.1 ?
SSI - SFT1 - SFB1
RS2 = BPT - WPS

*,

144

POT:

PROCEDURE OPTIONS

{'fftlN}

f04
606

IF
fOf

607

r.fjr

60*

POT

609
610

!TT
PtfT

611

PUT

612

( ! tTFftATTOSS 0f TFST NfJUBFF *, T f* ARF CO^PF.F^F SHEFfE 8 ,

T H E C O T T T ^ G H P H ^ D -- B , ? C , T H F r> B.KF ANTT.F = * * &LFD ,
1
THF nNDEFOSMFD CHTP THTCffN S S ^ = , T1 ) {& f 2 6 ) , F {SJ , ft (? r 5)
A{2") F ( 5 , 1 ) ,ft{1P) , P ( 5 , ? J , M ) , F ( 7 , S )
PUT D&^ft { S O " , S'SSOD ,
T2 , RC )
KI.L = KT. I. + 1
FSP ;
K ( 1 ) = RF1 ;
G(2) = R F ^ P f V V C
5
FT = F ; FT1T - FT1 ; TTRST = TTH5 ; SOT = SO ? SST = SS %
h2".
F^TTI-RK
FKD ^NfCTN
END / * P?l * /

613
611
615
616
618
623
62ft
625

PUr

TST = 3 THEN DO ;
EDIT f * . . . . V C . . . . . . S L F D . . , . . . .
T1 . ,
T2
.PC
',
S
F?
PPin
. B E D . . . . . WTL. , . . . . . 9PTi. . . . . . THS . . . . . . TU <Ji *)
{ S K I P < 2 $ , M ^ S S , M"}?} r ( 6 )
)
*
EDIT
(VC, ftLFD, W,T1 , T 2 , F C , FT , PFTT), BED, HTL, P D , THS, TRHI\ , . . , )
{ R(FTni)|
r
7,niT
('
10
iBF
LBF
LAB
FT 1
F?2*
, *
F
WSD
NOSO
WP?
KKF
S*T? *
) { A(60) , M * H
5 :
PDI^
( L O , L B E , L R F , L A B , F T 1 r F T ? , F ,BSD , N O S O r H P ^ , K F , S ^ ^ 2 !
(R(FKTT3)) ;
1
EDIT (*
PS ID
3HD
HELP
ST
L^l ?
L^P*,
8
SFT1
"HID
SO
SS
?J5?
S<>Sn)
( M5<>) i X ( 1 ) , K ( 6 0 )
) ;
EDIT ( P S i n , r , ! D r f l E L 0 , R C , L T i a , L T 2 P , S F T 1 , C H I D r S n , S S , N S , S S S O ) (F ( F ^ P ? ) }
RniT

;
;
:

. . . . VC
ALFD. . . . . ,Vf
T1. .
T">
^C
^T
" F T D . . . . . . R F D . . . . . WTL. , . . . . . WPP
T H S . . . . . , TF*A
490.".
U5.0
".279
C.C2C1
".rftsa
336.6
79,8
2U.27
5Q.34
16I615
7U
266...
9 Q !JfjO
Wrp
SFT2
LO
LBE
LR"
LAP
ET1
FT2
K
HP"'
i*sn
woso
nqc,17
i
*215<4
12817
C.0321
0.C4.36
0.0117
O.OUU^
15472
4956
1.83
0.0?
SO
SS
NS
CHIP
psm
GBD
PET,P
^c
LTIR
I,T2P
SFTI
ssso
21299.S
14'169, 7
1P35S.1
1U.fi
1. 160 0
3.n7
3 7 , 29
33.43
",43
1.590
3.690
32747,1
ITERATIONS ON TFST NTTBFER 4 ? U 9 ARF COttPI FTE WflFFF, THE COTTING SPEEP = 4 8 0 , 3 THE RAKE ANGLE = 4 5 . 0 0 TH** PWDEFOPIPP CHIP
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . R 4 7 3 0 E + O 4
SSROP= 1 . 1 5 9 9 9 R + C 0
T2 = U. 5 9 4 8 O F - 0 2
PC- 4 . 39618E-C 1;
. . . .VC

STL
WPP
THP . . . . . . THWS
53.96
175793
116532
86
2*59...
WSD
NOSO
WPT
5JKF
SFT2
T?T2
LBE
T?r i
0,0451
20399
0.09
1
116574
59260
32132
14566
CHIP
SO
SS
WS
SSSO
LT1R
LT2P
GBP
"sin
0.67Q
34.21
1 ,678
10.2
1500.P
22500."
14192.4
1.1QQ^
6.40
ITERATIONS ON TFST NUMBFP U3UH8 APE COMPLETE WHERE THE CUTTING SPEED = 4 8 0 . 0 THE RAKE ANGLE = 4 0 . 0 0 TH*1 ONDPFOFJED CHIP
THICKNESS ~ 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SO^- 1.8296UF+04
SSSOP= 1 . 1 8 9 9 9 E + P 0
T2 U . 9 9 2 9 3 E - C 2
RC= U . 1 4 5 7 1 E - G 1 ;
4^0.9
LO
0.0139

. . . .VC.

ALFD. , . . . .

uo.o

"M

T2

EC

0 ,. 2 7 9
C ., C 2 0 1
0.
LP?
tAB
O.C120
n.nusi
DET,n
RC
25. 3 *
o . 4o

,ou a q

FT

3 6 6 .. 2

PFTD......BFD

9 1 ,. 0

22.
E
2.07
SFT1
321UP.8

T 2 . . . . . . F C . . . . . . . F T . . . . . . P F T D . . . . . . B E D . . . . . WTL. . . . . . .WPP
Tfit
.THE A
51.U6
178621
12MUQ
91
260...
1
USD
SOSO
HP "
8KF
SET 2
c
0.01
1
12536 .
53480
3C79fi
CHIP
SO
SS
NS
SSSO
9.7
17200.0
22509.P
13464.9
1.1999
ITERATIONS ON TEST KHBEP 4 ^ 4 8 7 APE COMPLETE VHPRE THE CUTTING SPEED = 4 8 C . 0 THE RASE ANGLE = 3 5 . ^ 0 TH*1 nKDEFORHEP CHTP
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 7 2 5 5 7 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 1 9 9 9 9 F + 0 0
T2= 5 . 5 9 2 9 8 E - 0 2
PC= 3 . 6 7 0 7 3 E - 0 1 ;
"80. 0
LO
0.0151
"SID
Q.52

AtFD......W......Tl
35.C
LBE
0.0477
GHD
32.64

0 .27
0 .. 0 2 0 1
1 0 9 ,. 9
0 ,. 0 5 5 0
372, 1
2 0 . 85
t?r 1
TBF
FT2
T.AB
E
C.0471
15718
0 . 01U3
11935
2.37
SET1
DELP
PC
LT2P
LT1R
0 . 367
0 . 6 39
21.47
1.7U1
3C807.P

. . . . VC
ALFD......H......T1
T 2 . . . . . .FC
FT
P F T D . . . . . . B E D . . , . ,WTL.
WPP
T H S . . . . . .^HRR
4^0.n
30.C
0.2*79
0.0201
0.0644
427.7
1U7.0
17.83
48.96
205330
154-3 26
10
268...
LO
LEE
LBF
LAB
ET1
F.T2
E
WSD
SOSO
tiP7
WKF
SFT2
0, Oif23
0.C553
0,0157
0.0544
15303
7699
2.8
0.00
1
154025
51304
287^4
PSID
(SID
DELD
PC
LT1P
LT2F.
SFTI
CHID
SO
SS
NS
SSSO
10.U5
28.12
2^.3a
r. . 3 1 3
2.094
0.656
28799. U
9.9
17111,6
20705.0
1327*1.6
1.2099
ITERATIONS OM TFS'f' NO^BEP 3UR6 S5!E COMPJETF RHEPE THE CPTTING SPEED = U 8 0 . 0 THE RAKE AHGLE = 1 0 . 0 0 THW ONDEFOPSfED CHTP
THICKNESS = 0 , 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 7 1 4 9 3 E+0U
S S S n p = 1 1 2 0 9 90E4-00
T2= 6 . 4 U S 6 6 E - 0 2
HC= 3 . 1 3 2 4 3 ^ - 0 1 ^
. . . . V C . . . . .AtFD. . . . . .H. . . . . .T1
T2
T
T . . . . . . PFTD
BED
ffTF
KPD.
TH:
THPA
URO.O
25.0
0.270
0,0201
0.082*
523.6
212. U
13.90
47.OR
251355
202715
135
2""T...
LO
LBE
LBF
LAB
ET1
FT2
F
KSD
NOSO
HP"^
WFC?
SFT2
0.0471
0.0666
0.0250
0.0640
12799
3460
3.R4
0.01
1
2C2R50
4B63a
31374
PSIP
GMD
PFLP
3C
LT1P
T.T2R
SFT1
CHIP
SO
SS
NS
SSSO
16.0
25.65
17.09
".244
2.332
0,571
31366.3
P.6
162 6 * , . r '
20P23.1
11R15.9
1.2"?9
ITERATIONS ON TEST NJIBBER U34B5 ARE COMPLETE WRPRE THE CUTTING SPEEP = 4 8 0 . 1 THE RAKE ANCLE = 2e">.C0 T H " ONDEFOPBED CHTP
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 C 1 9
SOP= 1 . 6 2 0 9 1 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 2 7 9 9 9 ^ + r 0
T2= 8 . 2 4 9 7 7 K - C 2
RC~ 2 . 4 8 5 E - 0 1 ;
. . . . V C . . . . . ALFD

FT. .
T1
T 2 . . . . . EC
W P D . . . . . . TH * \ . . . . . T H S
219.1
515.1
43,04
1 5 , 19
247251
0 .. 2 7 9
0.0201
0.076P
135
270.. .
1903 22
LRF
LO
LAP
ET1
WSD
FT 2
8PT
WKE
F
S"T2
woso
16489
055P
1
4H227
.0405
P. 0 261
109^39
3195
33673
.3.5
3.01
PC
LTIP
PSID
LT2R
CHID
SO
SS
SSSO
DELD
SFT1
NS
5
1 4 , 3 f
2.005
0. 527
13684.9
21.30
' . 262
7.P
33679.9
17097.5
1.2699
2 1 ~ 1 I. ?
ITERATIONS ON TFST NIj^B 5 '? a^URU ftRE COt*"LETF W H p P E THE c'?rr-rrcn S P E E D = U H O . . 0 T H E RATE ANGLE = 2 0 . 0 0 TH * D N D F F O P B E D C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 ^
SOP= 1.6937UE+-04
S S S O P = 1 . 2 6 9 9 s "+CO
p r = 2. S 2 9 7 6 E - 0 1 *
T 2 == 7 . 6 < 3 1 2 3 ^ - 0 2

so.o

20.0
LBE
0 . 0 59 3
GBP
2P.52

....VC
ALFD.
.......T1
T 7 . . . . . .PC. . . . . . .FT. . . . . . PFID
.BED.....WTL.......WPD
T H 5 . . . . . . TH*A
320.C
45,0
0.27
0.0701
C.0453
140.1
84,8
24,69
53.OD
1C8927
660^7
6<
LO
LBF
L8F
LAB
ST 1
ET2
E
WSD
NOSO
VPT
HKF
0.0280
0.0415
0.0138
O.C41^
'
11126
21087
1.P0
0.00
1
65781
42870
PSID
Gl*P
PELD
EC
LT1R
L""2P.
SFT1
CHID
SO
S5
US
5.49
40.15
2fl.2"3
0.445
1.390
0.619
38232. 6
15.2
18688.6
21762,
15044.8
I T E P A T I O H S OS TEST NOHB^B 13321
ARK COHPLET^ WHEEE THE CUTTING SPEED = 3 2 0 . 0 THE PAKE AMPLE = 4 5 . 0 0 TH W 0NDEPOPED
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 8 6 7 0 4 E + 0 4
SSS0P= 1.16S25E+PO
T2= 4 . 5 3 4 3 1 E - C 2
BC= ft, f}5492* , ~' , 1 ;

240...
SFT2
3P177
SSSO
1.16UU
CHIP

. . , .VC.
ALFD, . . . , , W
T1. . . . . . . T 2
PC
F T . . . . . . P F I D . . . . . . B E D . . . . . ITTL. . . . . . . W P D . . . . . . T*fS, . . . . , ? H * A
^20.0
40.0
0.27Q
0.02Q1
0 . OSng
371.9
nq,1
22.31
54. PI
118980
78809
80
23"?...
Ln
LBE
LBF
TAB
ET1
ET2
F
BSD
fOSO
fe'Pf
^F
SFT2
0.0327
0.045U
0.0115
0.0452
10007
12556
2.11
3.00
1
7HP1R
UQ171
34326
DSTP
r,m)
DF.I.D
PC
LT1P
IT2P
S^T1
CHID
SO
SS
*?S
SSSO
7.0
35.12
?5.5P
0.19P
l . f 22
9.645
34314.^
10,3
1B5Q0.0
22500,0
14329.1
1.18QQ
ITERATIONS ON TEST NUMBE? 4 3 3 2 8 ARE COMPIHTF SHFPE THE CUTTING SP^ED = 3 2 0 . G TH? 8AFF ANGLE = ftC.CO TH<F TTNDEFOF-ED CHIP
THICfCfESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 8 3 0 6 9 5 + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 1 R 9 9 9 E + 0 0
T?= 5 . C 6 8 C 2 E - 0 2
PC= 3 , 8 5 7 7 * - 0 1 ;
. . . .VC
ALFD
9
. T 1 . . . . . . .T2
. F C . . . . . . . "T
P F T D . . . . . . P E P . . . . ,WTL. . . . . . . W P D . . . . . . TWS
TF^A
120.0
15.0
0.279
0.0201
0.0557
176.5
118.3
2D.55
52.4s;
12Q50P
P41^B
P4
LO
LRE
LBF
LAB
FT1
ET2
F
WSD
NOSD
WP^
HKF
0.0333
0.0477
0.0161
0.046Q
10^25
7443
2.4^
0.00
1
417<3
36303
PSID
CIHD
PELD
RC
LT1PLT2P
SFT1
CHID
SO
SS
NS
10.57
34.0U
22.11
n.^62
1.652
0.599
33488.9
If.6
17203.0
22500.?
13*43.1
ITERATIONS ON TEST NUHBEP 4 3 1 2 7 ARE C O U P L E R HHEPE THE COTTING SPEED - 310.0
THE PA^E RFfGLE * 3 C . . ? 0 Tff" DWDEFORMED
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 7 2 6 1 0 E + O 4
SSSOP= 1 . 1 9 9 8 E + 0 0
T2= 5 . 5 T 1 7 J P - C 2
RC= 3 . ^ 2 5 4 4 ^ - 0 1 -

23"...
SFT2
31476
SSSO
1.199Q
CHIP

. . . . V C . . . . A L F C . . . . . . . . . . T 1 . . . . . . .T2
C . . . . . . . F T . . . . . . P F T D . . . . . . B E D . . . . . WTL. . . . . . .WPD. . . . . . T F * . . . . . . THWA
320.0
30.r
0,279
0.0201
0.0762
491.1
185.4
14.80
50.68
157181
122754
114
252...
LO
LBE
18?
LAB
FT 1
ET2
E
WSD
SOSO
8P^
WSTF
SPT2
0.0454
0.0640
0.O21Q
0.0627
R176
3420
3.51
0.00
1
122747
34426
31919
PSID
SND
DEI. 9
RC
LT1R
L'"2P
SFT1
CHID
SO
SS
WS
SSSO
12.2<?
26.76
21.50
fi.264
2.250
0.595
11^18.5
Q.6
16533.8
20P03.5
11751.8
1.2582
ITERATIONS OM TEST NUMBER 4 1 3 2 6 ARE C O M P T E T F SHEPE THE COTTING SPEED = 1 2 0 . 0 THE FAKF ASGLE = 3 C . 0 0 TH^ OTOEFOPHED C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
STP= 1 , 6 5 0 ^ 5 E + 0 4
SSS1P= 1 . 2 5 3 8 7 F + 0 0
T2= 7 . 6 2 7 5 6 E - C 2
nC- 2 . S 4 8 2 8 E - 0 1 . . . . V C . . . . A L F D . . . . . .W. . . . . . T 1
T2
FC. . . . . . .FT
PFID.
8RO
WTL.
P D . . . . . . T P S . . . . . . TB.MA
320.0
25.0
0.27Q
0.0201
n.0829
522.1
230.1
13.83
48.79
1f>708U
1335^8
122
LO
LBF.
!*?*
IBB
" 1
ET2
E
WSD
SOSO
V?r
%*F
0.0412
0.065
0.024
9.0*2?
=H53
2259
3.8fi
n.Ol
1
133668
13485
PSID
GHD
DBLD
PC
LT1H
LT2R
SFT1
CHID
50
SS
HS
18.4Q
29.10
2C. n -6
".241
2,043
0.493
17137.3
11,3
16213.7
20753.5
12282.5
1
TTEPA^TOHS ON TEST SH1BEP 4 1 3 2 5 APT COflPLETF WHFBE "''HE C'JFTIHG SPEED = 3 2 ^ . 0 THE RA^F ISGLE = 2 5 . 0 0 TrfP rTWDgPOP^ED
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 , 6 0 7 8 0 ^ + 0 4
SSSDP= 1 . 27999E- + 0 0
T2= 8 . 2 8 6 9 B - C 2
C= 2 . 4 3 7 5 6 F - C 1 ?

267...
SFT?
371^7
SSS9
1.270P
CHIP

1* J . , . . . , f r i u . . .
. . . . . . i l .
rt
. flii r i ' . L . .
. .. . " )
rru...... ir^
23^.9i
164112
0, . 2 7 ^
C., 0 8 0 5
513.4
122
320.0
0.0201
267,,.
2^,0
Hb.lU
14..
132118
F
w*r?
S T^2
LO
IB'
LAB
FT1
HPT
PT2
iSD
LBE
woso
132146
3Q427
1
0.0351
9.0114
11797
1QQ7
3.78
3,0^
32193
0.0610
P.^57C
DELD
CHID
PC
S^T1
SO
SS
^S
LT1P
ILT2R
PSID
GP
ssso
2 08S1&.9
1 . 2 61Q
1 8 . ?9
r . 2 5-5
1 . 79R
16414.Q
12.4
13516.Q
31.81
^.451
39421.5
2 3.86
TT-PP&TXONS ON TFST nV"B]-]? 4 1 3 2 4 ?RE COWPLET5" VHEPE THE CUTTING SP^ED = 3 2 0 . " THE PB^ E ASGLE = 2 ^ . 0 ^ TP15' ONDFFnp^ FD CHIP
T2= P . 0 5 2 5 8 ^ - ^ 2
RC= 2 . 5 0 8 5 0 F - r > 1 ;
SOP= l . iS 2 6 2 ! ? F + CU
SSSOP= 1 . 2 6 9 9 9 F !+C0
THICKNESS == 0.. 0 2 0 1 9

, W. . . .. . T1. ..... . T 2 . . . . . . F T . . . . .. .FT... , . PFID. . . .. .BED,

, . . . V C . .... RLPD.
, STL,
HPD.
, TBS......TB*IA
59.24
0,0454
87.2
82532
49980
219.. .
2**0.0
45. C
0,279
0.0201
343. P
24.65
65
LAB
ET1
FT2
P
T.RF
WPT
WSD
NOSQ
SFf2
LBE
LO
WFF
0.0408
8343
14030
1.80
0.0147
89980
0.0?
1
4070 1
0.0410
32552
n.0267
LT1P
t,T2B
SFT1
DELD
so
SSSO
CHID
GPD
ss
ns
PSIT)
0.444
1.326
0.590
40639.2
26.66
1BB0O.O
1. 1699
40.98
14.2
22533.0
15121.9
6.48
ITERATIONS ON TEST NUHBEP. 4 3 2 4 9 ABE COHPIETF, iHEBE THE CUTTING SPEED = 2 4 0 . 0 THE RA*CE ANGLE = 4 5 . 0 0 TH* OSDEFOKHED C H I P
T2- 4.54063E-02
T H I C K N E S S = 0.02019
SOP= 1.87163^*04
SSSOP^ 1.16980F.+ C0
RC= 4 . 8 4 8 7 2 F - 0 1 |
piy
. . . ,?C
.ALFD.
.
T1,
,T2.
,?C,
.PFID...,..BED,
,WTL,
STPD.
TPS,.....TFA
0.279
376,1
0.0201
0.0512
55.6 5
90278
240.0
40.0
1C5.3
216...
22.01
59777
76
LO
LBE
USD
ET1
FT2
SET 2
L^t*
LAB
E
HOSO
WPT
WE
0.0456
0.0453
0.0319
7S77
8913
0.00
1
36H3
0.0146
2.14
59769
30500
PSID
GHD
LT1P
LT2R
SO
DEtD
BC
SFT1
CHID
SS
WS
sssn
7.57
0 , 3 94
0.622
18500,0
35.82
2 5 . 71
^6102.C
2250 0 . 0
1.579
11.2
14433.5
1.1890
:
4 3 , 0 0 THE OfOEPOPfED C H I P
ITERATIONS OS TEST N1J1B8R 4 3 2 4 8 ABE COHPtPTE WREBE THE COTTING SPEED = 2 4 0 . 0 THE RAKE RffGLE
HC= 3 . * O a 2 E - 0 1 ;
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 3 3 1 4 7 ^ * 0 4
S5SOP= 1 . 1 8 9 9 9 E + 0 0
T2= 5 . 1 2 6 3 5 E - 0 2

. . . . V C . ...ALFD
.T1
. T 2 . . . . . .PC.
Tfl^..... , T H H I
.FT.
,PFTD.....BED.....WTL,
, WPT).
79
378.0
123.2
63179
211., .
90734
35.0
0.279
0,0201
0.05^9
20.46
53.05
240.0
LBF
HOSO
LO
LBE
VK?
LAB
BT1
ET2
E
WSD
SPT
5 FT 2
0.0317
0.0474
0.017JJ
0.0464
1
27554
8491
5363
2.41
0.00
63191
35744
RC
GD
HS
PSID
DELD
LT1R
LT2R
SFT1
SO
CHID
SS
SSSO
35.25
0,567
13790.7
1. 5 7 2
35743.ft
22.24
0 . 361
17200.0
11.50
11.4
22500.0
1.1999
XTEPATIONS OM TEST NTOBKR 4 3 2 4 7 ARE COMPLETE 1BFRE THE C O T T I B ^ SPEED
240.
THE BIKE ANGLE = 35.00 THE OHDEFOIHED CHIP
R C - 3.61255R-01;
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 7 2 7 2 3 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 1 9 9 9 9 E + 0 0
T2= 5 , 5 1 6 0 E * 0 2
... .,.ALFD.... . .H. .... .T1. .... . . T ? .
E C . . . .. .FT..
PFIf)
, .BED.. .. .WTL,
.THS......THffA
WP0.
233...
51.47
120140
942")7
109
196.9
1 4 . 31
30.0
0.27Q
0.0201
0.0786
500.5
240.0
SFT2
MKF
E
5D
HOSO
WPT
ET2
LBF
LAB
ET1
LBE
LO
34605
0,01
1
25933
3.63
94206
0.0250
2292
0,0649
0.0631
5Q94
0.0414
SSSO
CHID
SO
NS
DELD
SFT1
LT2P
SS
GMD
PSID
LT1R
RC
21,49
10.9
16269.4
11429.0
1.2751
34605.4
0.552
20745.2
27.75
13.90
2. 150
0.256
ITERATIONS OH TEST NOBEP 4 3 2 4 6 ARE COMPLETE H?!EEE THE COTTING SPEED = 2 4 0 . 0 THE P I K E ANGLE = 3 0 , 0 0 THE UNDEFOP^EP C H I P
t
T2- 7.86705E-C2
RC= 2 , ^ 6 7 6 6 F - 0 1 |
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
snp= 1.6221 "+04
SSSOP= 1 . 2 7 5 9 9 E + 0 0
'
..ALFD......W......T1. ...
T2......PC,....,.FT,.....PFID......BFD.
WTL,
.THS.. ....THRA
WPD,
50.41
120
252...
240,0
25.0
0.27?
0.0201
0.0919
552.0
262.6
12.37
132502
107651
WKP
LO
LBS
LBF
LAB
ET 1
^T2
E
1SD
SFT2
NOSO
WPT
n
24951
0.0404
0.C714
0, 364
0.0671
6512
1388
4.33
4158R
0.01
1
107650
MS
SSSO
PSID
GHD
TJELD
RC
LT1R
LT2R
SFT1
CHID
SO
SS
11372.9
15406.0
20.57
29.95
21.42
0.219
2.003
0.440
41592.3
13.8
1.3114
20204.3
2 4 0 . 0 THE PAKE ANGLE
ITERATIONS ON TEST NONBEH 4 3 2 4 5 ABE COMPLETE SUES*" THE CfJTTING SPEED
2 5 , 0 0 THE ONDEPORWFD C R I P
T2* 9 . 194<?4E-02
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 5 5 4 8 5 E + 0 4
S5SOP= 1 . 3 1 2 0 2 B + 0 0
RC= 2 . 1 9 6 8 5 B - 0 1 ?
, . , , 7 C , . . . . . A L F D . . . . . .W. . . . . . T 1 . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . F C
F T . . . . . , P F T D . . . . . . B E D . . . . . W T L . . . . . . . . WPD.
THS....,,TFH
250..,
105423
119
13.10
539.0
268.8
46.50
129379
240.0
20.0
0.279
0,0201
0.08P4
WPT
iKP
E
NOSO
PT1
8SD
SFT2
LO
LAB
ET2
LBE
LBF
105425
23955
4. I""
43361
8205
0.00
0.0360
1
1281
0,0663
0.0613
0.0372
SS
NS
SSSO
SFT1
PSID
LT1R
CHID
LT2R
SO
GD
DELO
RC
2034
12738.7
25.41
43353.0
1.2957
14.5
1.782
0.407
15700.3
^3,1* I
32.46
.l^.ftO
Z0
U..0U^1
i j . ^ <S"
! . Oil
U.tl/I
>*TJ33.V
I<*.T
IJH'iJ.J
i J H 3.7
J , l
U I 3 0 . I
I . ^ ^ ^
2
0.22ft
I T E P S T I O N S ON TEST 811MBBP 4 3 2 4 4 ABE CORPI.ETF ffHFPE THE CtTTTXNG SPEED = 7 4 0 . T THE RAKE ANGLE = 2 0 , 0 0 TH^ ONDEFOBIIED C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
S0P= 1,55845E--04
SSSOP= 1 . 2 9 5 1 U E + 0 0
T2= 8 . 8 4 3 6 7 E - 0 2
RC= 2 . 2 8 4 1 1 E - 0 1 ;

0,. 0 2 0 1
94. 9
160.0
45.0
0 ,, 0 5 1 4
59290
*0 . 2 7 9
59.37
370.5
2 1 . 03*
67
38604
ISC. .
LO
LBF
g
LBE
LAB
WSD
IPT
ET2
HOSO
iKF
ETl
SFT2
0.0482
0,0342
0.0489
3929
2.15
1
0.0142
10608
3B613
20685
0.0')
3S365
PSTC
DELD
G1D
RC
SFT1
LT1R
ILT2B
CHID
SS
SO
WS
SSSO
34.43
31.51
3.96
1.693
34366.0
0,392
0.665
13.5
21572.0
12691.5
17963.2
1.2010
ITERATIONS ON TEST iffflBBfl 4.3169 ARE COMPLETE WHERE THE C0TTING ; SPEED = 1 6 0 , n ?|?i5 HIKE ANGLE = 4 5 . 0 0 T H * OWDEF08HEB C H I P
SOP= 1 . 7 8 8 3 U R + 0 4
THICKNESS -> 0.. 0 2 0 1 9
SSSOP= 1 . 1 9 9 7 9 E + 0 0
T2= 5 . 1 4 3 4 7 E - 0 2
EC- 3 . ?27 3 0 E - 0 1 |
...,VC..... .ALFD.....
, . . . , , T 1 ,, . . . . , . T 2 . . . . . . F C
.FT
. P F I D . . . ,. . . B E P . . . . .1STL,
0,. 2 7 9
0,, 0 2 0 1
160.0
0 ., 0 5 9 3
410.0
120. 2
56.34
40.0
65602
46247
77
1 8 . i44
185...
LO
LBE
LAB
LBF
ET2
E
ET1
WSD
HOSO
IP?
MP
SFT2
0.0382
0,0535
0.0162
0.0538
3809
4903
2.60
1
O.O
46267
19355
33265
DELD
RC
PSTD
LTie
iLT2R
SS
SFT1
CHID
SO
SS
SSSO
cno
6.63
1.891
30.95
27.57
0.340
0.643
33239,1
17405.6
11984.4
11.8
21337,3
1.2258
ITERATIONS ON TBST SOMBER 4 3 1 6 8 AST? COMPLETE WHERE THE CUTTING SPEED = 1 6 0 . 0 THE :RAKE ANGLE = S O . 0 0 THE OSDEFOPaEB C H I P
SOP= 1 . 7 3 2 8 2 B + 0 4
T2s 5 . 9 3 8 5 9 E - 0 2
THICKNESS -= 0.. 0 2 0 1 9
$SSQP= 1 . 2 2 6 4 7 1 * 0 0
RC- 3 , 4 0 1 4 7 E ~ O 1 t
, .RE 0 . . . . . 1I T L . , . . * . . . { f P D . . . . , , T H S . . . . . . T H H A
,.TC
.ALFD
T 2 . . . . . . F C . . . . . . . .FT
, . . , . . T 1 .,
. P F I O . . . _
35,0
0, . 2 7 9
0 . QTQU
459.8
0 ., 0 2 0 1
158. 6
160,0
15.71
73580
54.32
55507
89
193.,.
LO
WPT
LBF
LB?
LAB
BT2
E
IKF
ET1
WSD
HOSO
S?T2
0.0595
3686
0.0111
0.0602
0.0212
2361
3.20
1
18073
55514
311201
0.03
PSID
GBD
RC
CHID
SS
DELD
LT1R
LT2H
SO
US
SSSO
SFT1
2.035
10.71
28,68
23.24
0.286
0.583
34199,0
16539.7
1.2633
11.5
11100.4
20895.6
ITERATIONS OH TEST NTOBER 4 3 1 6 7 ARE COMPLETE WHERE THE CUTTING SPEED
1 6 0 , 0 THE RAKE ANGLE
3 5 . 0 0 THF TWDBFOMED C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP- 1 , 6 5 2 8 8 E * 0 4
SSSOP* 1 . 2 6 3 3 6 1 * 0 0
T2* 7 . 0 4 0 6 5 E - Q 2
RC= 2.8690HE-01J
. . . . V C . . . . .&LFD.
30.0
160,0
LBE
LO
0.0671
0.0413
GUD
PSID

.BED,
TL,......ifPD......THS......THH1
.T1..... . . T 2 . . . . . . P C . . . . . . . FT......PFTD.
13,46
0.279
0.0201
213.6
52.32
83260
209...
65959
101
0.0831
520,3
LRF
LAB
F.T1
ISO
N0SO
ET2
E
IPT
WRF
SFT2
0.0296
0.0644
1292
0.03
1
3*88
3730
65960
17300
38412
D1LD
LT2B
SPT1
CHIP
SO
RC
LT1B
SS
MS
SSSO
20.91
2.049
0.497
0,242
12.3
15843,5
20718.8
10713.8
28,54
38412.2
1.3077
16. 19
ITERATIONS ON TEST MO^BEB 4 3 1 6 6 ARE COBPLEfE 1HERE THE CUTTING SPEED
1 6 0 . 0 THE RAJTE ANGLE
3 0 . 0 0 THE ONDEFOPffED C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 5 8 0 9 1 E * 0 4
SSSOP" 1.30775B+O0
T2= B , 3 1 7 1 6 E - 0 2
RC- 2 . 4 2 8 7 1 E - 0 1 1
. ...FC.....AtFD......R......T1.
FT.
,PFID.,....BED,
,WTL,
. fPD,
.92,
.TRS......TH11
,?C.
0.279
0.0201
576,8
282.7
0.0977
75761
25.0
160.0
11.59
92296
51.11
111
LBP
LIB
IOSO
LO
ETl
LBE
ET2
E
WPT
SFT2
ISO
WKF
0,0690
0,0416
1
809
0,0746
4.63
46026
0.0387
3972
0,03
75761
16535
SO
DELD
RC
LT2R
GHD
SFT1
SSSO
LT1R
CHID
SS
SS
PSID
14944,1
0.20 6
0.396
46028.7
30.54
20.97
1.920
14.8
20208.5
10612.0
1,3522
22.84
ITERATIONS ON TEST WOftBER 4 3 1 6 5 ABE COBPLETF WHERE THE CUTTING SPEED = 1 6 0 . 0 THE RAKE ANGLE = 2 5 . 0 0 THF OTOBFOMED C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 5 0 7 9 8 8 * 0 4
SSSOP= 1 , 3 5 2 8 0 B + 0 0
T2= 9 . 7 7 3 8 9 E - 0 2
RC= 2 . 0 6 6 7 2 1 - O l s
. . . . V C . . . . , , I L F D , . . . . .H, . . . . . T 1 . . . . . . . T 2 . .
F C . . . .. .FT.
P F I O . . . . . . B E D . . , . . RTL
, P D , . . . . .THS,
,THH1
0.279
0.0201
0.0981
47.65
20.0
605,1
317,0
11.75
96831
160.0
118
240...
80201
LBP
LIB
E
LO
BT1
ET2
if p f
LBE
USD
NOSO
RSF
SFT2
C.0453
0.0652
4,66
0.0342
703
0.03
8020^
0.0723
1
4633
16630
52618
DELD
RC
LT2R
SS
PSID
SFT1
GHD
LT1R
CHID
SO
NS
SSSO
20.09
0.205
0.349
21221.7
28.64
52611.0
1.696
13.8
33.26
15564.9
1.3634
12066.9
ITERATIONS OH TEST SOTBER 4 3 1 6 4 APE COMPLETE WHERE THE CUTTING SPEED 1 6 0 . 0 THE SAKE ANGLE
2 0 . 0 0 TRF OWDBPORHED C H I P
0,02019
SOP= 1 . 5 4 4 3 5 E + 0 4
SSSOP- 1 . 3 6 2 2 8 E + 0 0
T2= 9 . 8 1 3 4 1 E - Q 2
THICKNESS
SC= 2 . f 5 8 4 0 E - 0 1 ,

.WTL,
THS......TR?A
, . . .?C
ALFD,
W
T 1 . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . , F C . . . . . .FT
PFID. . . . . .BED.
PD.
165...
20.68
6 0 . 44
44689
2^356
62
120.0
0.279
0.0201
C.0521
372. 4
102.B
45.0
if
MOSO
WKP
LO
PT2
jrsn
ET1
WPT
LBF
LAB
I.. BE
SFT2
2.19
1
15633
0.0322
0.048^
3H24
6545
0.00
29024
0.0161
0.0480
37265
SFT1
CHID
LT1R
SO
NS
LT2R
SS
PSTD
RC
DFLn
GPfD
sssn
1
4
.
7
1.596
37218.2
12653.8
0 . 387
0.618
17751.7
21435. 1
5.03
2".B9
35.62
1.2C5R
ITERATIONS ON TEST NtTIRPR 43129ft"R COMPLETE WHFRE THE CUTTING SPEED - 120.0 THE PAKE ANGLE = 45.00 TH*> OWDEFOBHED CHIP
SOP= 1 . 7 6 5 5 0 E + 0 4
PC- 3 . R 7 6 2 9 E - 0 1 ?
SSSOP= 1 . 2 3 6 1 3 E + 0 0
T"2= 5 . 2 1 1 1 5 E - 0 2
THICKNESS
0,02019
,T1,
. . . . V C . . . . ALFD,
, T2,
,"C
FT. ... . .PFTD
.BED.
,WTL.
SfPD,
. THS......THMS
17,94
57.15
169...
120.0
0.279
0,0201
0.0607
415.4
128.2
4985ft
35282
40,0
72
LO
*!T1
ET2
SFT2
USD
NOSO
LAB
F
WPT
LBP
LBE
KP
3566?
0.0366
n.053<J
2827
3177
2.68
0 . 0
1
35302
0.0133
0.0539
14576
PSID
PC
SFT1
CHID
SO
SS
DELO
LT1P
LT2S
G*D
WS
ssso
0.33?
35631,9
7. SO
12.7
17173.6
1.B12
212*5.6
26.44
0.602
31.69
11720-9
1.2367
1 2 0 . 0 THE W C F ftNGLE = 4 0 . 0 0 TH GHDEFOBBB CHIP
ITERATIONS ON TEST NUflBEP 4 3 1 2 8 ARE COMPLETE WHEBE THE CUTTING SPEED
T2- 6 . 0 7 5 5 8 E - 0 2
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 7 0 8 4 2 E + 0 4
SS50P=
1.23757E+CQ
RC- 3 , 3 2 4 " 7 8 E - Q 1 ;
. . . . V C . . . . . A L F D . . . . . ,W. . . . . . T 1
.T2.
FC
. F T . . . . . . P F T D . . . . . . B P D . . . . . T L . . . . . . , W P D . , . . . . T n S . . . . . . TR I
177..,
120.0
35,0
0.279
0.0201
0.072 - ?
470.6
167.6
1 5 . 13
42917
5 4 . BO
56482
84
5 FT 2
LO
LBE
P
WSD
*?OSO
RPT
LBF
ET1
FT2
KF
LAB
3.33
0.0398
0.0613
0.00
1
36474
42919
0.0238
1356^
2658
1563
0.0602
5PT1
CHIT)
SO
PSID
GMT)
SS
DBLD
NS
LT1P
LT2F
ssso
^C
36471,4
12.1
16288,5
12.06
29.08
20872. 5
22.46
10644.0
1.974
0.54B
1.2814
0.277
ITERATIONS OS TEST NUMBER 4 3 1 2 7 APE COMPLET" WffEEE THE COTTING SPEFD = 1 2 0 . 0 THE PAKE ANGLE
3 5 . 0 0 TH W TODEPOSffPP C H I P
THICKNESS 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 6 2 7 6 5 E + 0 U
SSSOP= 1 . 2 8 1 4 8 E + 0 0
T2= 7 . 2 7 7 4 1 ^ - 0 2
RC= 2 . " > 7 5 7 1 F - 0 1 ;
. . . . V C . . . . . A L F D . . . . ..W. . . . . . T 1 . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . .PC.. . . . . , T .
P F I D , . . . . . B E D . . . . .WTL.
,HPO
, T H S . . . . ..THUA
0,279
0.0201
0.0865
542.8
226.2
1 2 . 8 8 52.62
65143
523 53
1*". . .
120.0
30.0
97
LBE
LB*
LAB
ET1
ET2
E
USD
NOSO
WPT
LO
SFT2
IKE
0.0687
0.0328
0.0654
2615
863
4.06
3.00
1
52054
0,0403
41392
1309C
GHP
DFLT)
RC
LT1B
LT2B
S^T1
CHID
SO
PSID
SSSO
SS
NS
28.69
20.04
0.233
1.996
0.465
41391,3
H%
15720.3
17.83
1.3366
21011.9
10181.3
ITERATIONS ON TEST NUMBER 4 3 1 2 6 I R E COMPLETE WHERE THE CUTTING SPEED = 1 2 3 . 0 THE RAKE ANGLE
3 0 , 0 0 THT" QNDEFOBHBB C H I P
THICKNESS ~ 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 , 5 6 9 6 2 ^ + 0 4
SSS3P= 1. 3 3 7 4 7 E + 0 0
T2= 8 . 6 5 5 2 5 E - 0 2
RC= 2 . 3 3 3 8 4 E - 0 1 ;
.. ALFI5,. .. . .9.
T 1 , ..... ,T2. .... .FC. ..... .FT... . . .PFID.
,BF!),
,WTL.
WPD,
TH5..... . THHA
10.94
120.0
0.279
0.0201
0.1031
613.0
303.5
51.45
73201
60684
25,0
212...
107
ET2
LO
WSD
E
NOSO
WPT
SFT2
LBF
ET1
LAB
WKF
LBF
537
0.0377
1
6068?
50388
4.92
0.00
12516
n.0462
2710
0.0777
0.0708
LT2R
SO
SS
NS
SSSO
PSID
SFT1
CHID
BELD
LT1R
GMD
8C
0. 365
9937,5
14723.0
20555,2
1.3961
24, S2
50392,2
14,5
30,62
20.12
1.86Q
0. 195
ITERATIONS ON TEST NMBEH 4 3 1 2 5 SHE COMPLETE WffERE THE COTTIWG SPEED
120.0 THE SAKE ANGLE = 25.00 TBF ONDEFOPHED CHIP
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 4 6 3 0 2 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 3 9 6 5 6 E + 0 0
T2= 1.C3197E-01
RC= 1.957U1E-01;
. V C . ....AL^D. ... ..W. .... .T1. ..... ,T2. .... . E C ..... .FT. .. . ..PFID.. . .. .BEP
WTL,
TRS.,.,..THN&
, WPP.
83860
120.0
20.0
0. 279
0.0201
0.1122
698.8
390.5
10.21
49,19
70771
122
246...
ET1
FT2
LAB
E
NOSO
WSD
MPT
WKF
LBE
SPT2
LBP
LO
2^20
426
5.29
1
0.01
7Q769
0.070^
0,0812
13083
0.0 573
6PT42
0.0314
L^1P
I.T2P
SFT1*
SO
CHID
SS
GD
NS
BELD
sc
ssso
PSTD
1,558
0.283
6
8
7
4
2
,
0
15243.3
34,34
1
3
.
1
22200.0
11120.5
S&.m
Jt.J"
19.97
I ^ . H /
V. .170
l ^
f.*j5K
V.dtfJ
DB^^.'J
1J.J
lT/m,S
1.456
32.74
0
1.456T
ITEPATIONS nn TEST NOfBER 4 3 1 2 4 AFE COHPLETP 8REBF THE CUTTING S P E E P = 1 2 0 . 0 THE "5M ANGLE = 2 0 . 0 0 TH^ ONDEFOBHED C H I P
THICKNESS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 ^
SOP= 1 . 5 2 3 5 2 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 4 5 7 1 4 E + 0 0
T2= 1 . 1 2 2 2 8 E - 0 1
RC= 1 . 7 Q 9 8 9 E - P 1 ;

WTL,
I f P D . . . . . . T H S . . . . . . TffHA
, . . . V C . . . . . A L F D . . . . , . W . . . . . . T 1 . . . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . F C . , . . . . F T . . . . . . P F T D . . , . . . BED.
19785
56
61.53
150..'.
0.0534
378.5
112.3
20.04
30281
45.0
0,279
0 ,, 0 2 0 1
30.0
WPT
SPT2
USD
HOSO
KF
IBP
LAB
ET1
BT2
S
LO
LBE
0,0485
2001
3534
2,27
1
19784
10496
41019
0.0*83
0.0185
0.00
. 0.0302
SO
SS
CHID
SS
BC
LT1R
LT2R
SFTl
PSID
GHD
DELD
ssso
12370.2
1.2176
15.8
17499.3
21308.1
28.00
0.377
1.4960.565
41020.1
6,46
36.59
8 0 . 0 THE 'R I S E ANGLE - 4 5 . 0 0 T I E OMD1POSHED C H I P
ITKRRTIOSS 0 1 TEST NUMBER 43 0 8 9 ARE COMPLETE WHERE THE CtJTTIIG SPEED RC- 3 . 7 7 9 8 2 B - 0 1 J
T2- 5.3441SE- -02
THICK8ESS => 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP* 1 . 7 3 7 6 6 E + 0 *
SSSQP= 1 . 2 1 8 2 7 E + 0 0
B P D . . . . . . T H S . . . . . .TBI!*,
* . Y C * . . . . A L F D , , . . . . W . . . . . . T 1 . I . . . . . . T 2 . . . . . . P C . . . . . . . P T . . . , . P F I O . . . . . . B E D . . . . .1I T L ,
33977
24321
65
150...
80.0
0.0635
424.7
139.0
17.02
58.13
0,279
0 ,, 0 2 0 1
40.0
SFf2
SOSO
HPT
MP
W5D
LO
LBF
LAB
BT1
ET2
E
LBE
38692
1
24323
9655
0.0214
0,0549
1798
1745
2.84
0.00
0.0350
0.0552
SSSO
SO
RC
LT1R
LT2R
SPT1
SS
US
GHD
DELD
CHID
PSID
1.2573
24.99
11019.8
0.117
1.734
0.551
38690.1
14.1
16689,3
20985.1
32,15
q.ua
ITERftTIOSS On TEST I O M B E R 4 3 0 8 8 A R R COMPLETE HERE TUn C D T T I I S S P I E D ~ 8 0 . 0 T I E MICE ASGLE - 4 0 . 0 0 T H I OND'BFORHED C H I P
SOP 1,66230P,*04
SSSOPs 1.25707E+00
T2= 6.35240E-02
RC= 3.17989E-01;
THICKNESS = 0.02019
. .. .VC.. . . ..ALFD.......W. . ... .T1. ..... .T2. .... . P C . . . . ..FT. .. ...PFIO. .... .BED, . ...Tt.... ...WPD... ... .THS. , THHA
14.21
39649
35.C
0.279
0.0201
0.0769
30574
78
158...
80.0
495.6
180.2
54.98
HOSO
SFT2
L0
LBE
ET1
BT2
fSD
WPT
11 f
LBF
LAB
1
3Q573
9075
39732
0.0388
0.0633
0.0274
0.0618
1617
863
3.56
0.00
SS
IS
SSSO
PSID
GSD
DELD
RC
LT1R
LT2R
SFTl
CHID
SO
21101.3
9.778.4
1,3154
14.07
28.93
20,77
0.262
1.922
0.504
39730.6
12,1
160*0.8
ITERATIONS 01 TEST fOWBBR 43087 ARE COMPLETE WRBRE THE CUTTING SPEED - 80.0 THE HAKE 116LE 35*00 Til OtDEFORHED CBIP
RC= 2.626592-01;
THICKNESS - 0.02019
SOP* 1.60369F-M)*
SSSOP- 1.316461*00
T2- 7.69056E-02
.f1.
, PC.
,T2,
, WTL,
...TC......ALFD......W.
.PFIO.
.THS.-.....THHA
.BED,
30. C
574.8
12.36
373 67
174...
80.0
0.279
0.0201
0.0898
241.0
52.74
45986
90
HPT
ISO
S05Q
LBP
ET2
IBB
LIB
ET1
E
SFT2
LO
mv
0,0358
37074
514
0.00
1
45070
0.0703
4.24
1617
0.0663
0.0393
8918
LT2R
SS
DELD
CHID
SO
SSSO
SID
SFTl
LT1R
RC
PSID
WS
0.437
18.87
21667.8
10.8
15815.9
1.3699
28.63
45061.6
1.9*6.
0.224
19.56
9679.0
ITERATIONS OS TBST HUHBER 4 3 0 8 6 ARE COHPLETE IHERE THE COTTIHG SPEED 8 0 . 0 THE BAKB A86LE = 3 0 . 0 0 THE'TJIDBFORHBD C H I P
THICKNESS 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP* 1 . 5 9 0 6 0 E + 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 3 6 9 9 9 E + 0 0
T2- 8.98951S-02
RC- 2. 2*706E-0T;
,T1. .... ..T2. .... . F C . . . ...FT.... ..PFIO..... .BED.. ...STL,
....VC...., ,ALFD.. ......
, H P D . . . . . . T H S . . . . . . T H H AA
343.4
25.0
0*0201
0.1099
688,4
-10.23
51.51
55072
4622*
10*
,279
200...
90.0
LBE
MB
BT1
ET2
E
SD
SOSO
fPT
ffF
ST2
LBF
LO
0.0723
1567
0.0813
307
5.27
0,03
1
46222
8848
59328
0.0521
0.0362
GHD
RC
LT1R
LT2R
SFT1
CHID .
SO
SS
SS
SSSO
DELD
PSID
30.36
0.183
1.794
0.329
59335.8
11.S
15102.0
22200,0
9223.0
1,*699
18.27
I T E S A 27.B0
T I O f S 0 1 TEST SDHBFR 4 3 0 8 5 ARE COMPLETE M B R E THE COTTIHG SPEED =
8 0 . 0 T H I RAKB A I S L E ~ 2 5 . 0 0 T i l OTDEF01HSB C U P
TRICKWF.SS = 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP- 1.51020E+04
SSSOP- 1. * 6 9 9 9 E * 0 0
T2= 1 . 0 9 9 6 8 1 - 0 1
RC* 1 . B 3 6 8 8 E - 0 1 ; "
. . . . V C . . . . . .ALFD.
,T1. . . .. . . T 2 . . . . . . P C . . . . . . F T . . . . . . P F I O .
BED.
, T L . . ... . . . B P D ,
,THS,
,THA
80.0
20.0
0.279
0.0201
0.1206
74.2.1
407.4
9.47
48.76
59374
508 4 4
112
208...
LO
LBE
LBP
LIB
ET1
ET2
USD
WPT
E
KOSO
flF
SFT2
G.0358
0.0873
0.0751
0.0603
1704
393
0.00
5.29
50853
8539
1
63420
GHD
PSID
DELD
RC
LT2R
LT1R
CHID
SFTl
SS
WS
SSSO
SO
32.60
31.74
18.69
0.297
0.167
12,1
1.775
63416.9
22200.0
9947.6
1.5000
1*800,0
8 0 . 0 THS SifCE AWGLE
ITERATIONS OS TEST MOTBBB 4 3 0 8 4 RE COMPLETE WHERE THE CSTTISG SPEED
2 0 . 0 0 T S F WDSFOfiHBD C H I P
T2= 1 . 2 0 6 2 7 E - 0 1
THICKNESS - 0 . 0 2 0 1 9
SOP= 1 . 4 8 0 0 0 E * 0 4
SSSOP= 1 . 5 0 0 0 0 B + 0 0
RC 1 . 6 7 4 5 7 E - 0 1 ;

PROCEDURE OPTIONS

(BAIN)

PR 2 " PROCEDURE OPTIONS (BftlH)

A (4 9) , B ( 7 )
5 0 (99f
DCT, E f ^ S
E T ( 9 3 ) r T { 9 9 ) , 5 (99J ,
r
R ( 1 0 , 9 9 ) , N T { 9 9 ) FIXED BIHAPY ( 3 1 , 0 )
SO ( 9 9 ) , SS ( 9 9 )
LSS|99|
, L S P C 9 9 ) , I S ( 9 9 ) ) DFCIHAI.
<LE(99) , LT(99) , LSO(9 9 |
W'ROL = 1
;
STT;
LE(*) = 0 ; L T ( * j ~ 0 1 T{*)
Y,S<*) = 1 G * * 1 7 ?
S(*) = 10**17 ;
JITJ:

29

DO f = 1 TO NTS
I F VTFOL = 1 THEN DOI ;
SS (B)
GET E D I T ( T ( ) r E f H | ff E T f H ) ,, T { 8 )
SO ( ( ! )
( 6 P f 7 2 ,.3) , P ( 8 f 31 1
^ND ;
TF KTROL - 7 THFS DO ;
GET EDI*'' ( NT(K! f E (M) f ET(!) , T(W)
SO (B) )
{ T ( 1 2 , 1) ., ' 3 E ( 1 5 , 3 ! .
F|23,9|
)
END ;
<?{) = SO(H) ;
T (B) = T (B) / 1 f ) n o
LE(B) = LOG ( E ( B ) )
T.T(B) = LOG ( E T ( B | |
I.S (B) = T,m ( 1 0 ( K J )
FND / * DO B = 1 TO NTS * /
ELSE P s 1
DO fl = - 1 , D , 1 ;
I P Q = 1 TffEK P
DO B ~ 1 T O NTS ;
LS (1) = P * L O G ( S S (B) )
0*LOG (SO(R) )
f ( S S (B) ) **P> * { ( S O ( H ) ) * * 0 I
S (?f|
END %
R ( * . * ) = 0.^ ;
R ( 1 , * l = 1/x.f (*) ;
*(2, + ) - T { + ) A S ( * l
;
(!,*) = L P ( * ) / L S (*) ;
IP(*j*T(*)/LS{*j
;
R ( 5 , * t = LT ( * } * T ( * ) / L S f * )
;
M ^ * } = L T ( * ) * L E (*) * T ( * ) / L S (*)
^ f ? * * ) = LT f * ) / I , S ( * ) ;
DO K = 2 TO 7
B(*)
= O.n
W = 0 ;

DO I
no

1 =

CB)

1 TO )i ;
1 TO

If

B (T)
STIB(R ( I , * ) )
*? = M + 1 ; A (M) = SUB ( R ( I , * ) *P ( J , * ) )
EID
;
EfJD
/ * DO I = 1 TP Id 4 " /
PUT E D I T ( ' : " )
( PAGE , X ( 1 1 9 > , R { 1 ) l
:
CALL PR5 ( A , B , ) ;
PUT DATA (B)
SPO = E X P ( B ( 1 ) ) ?
GK = E X P ( B ( 2 J ) ; P O T DATA ( S F O , GV ) ;
T,SP(*) - B ( 1 ) 4- T ( * ) * R ( 2 ) + I , R ( * ) * B ( 3 )
T,E(*)*T(*)*Bf1) +
L T { * ) * * (*) * 3 { 5 ) + LT (*) *LF {*) *f*{*) *B ( 6 ) + L T ( * ) * B ( 7 )
S P 5 0 = 0.(1 ;
NPT = ? 9

PP2S
60
61
62
61
61
65
66
67
6B
70
75
7f
83
81
85
89
92
91
9U
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
101
105
107
108
109
1 10

111
112
113
11ft
115
116
117
113
119
120
121
122
121
124

PROCEDURE OPTIONS

(MAIN)

DO M - 1 TO MPT
PSP - EXP{LSPf1) )
EPSr = 1 0 f > * { p S P - S ( ! f ) ) / S ( l f )
POT ^OTT (
T(*1) * S(HJ , P S F , 1 P S P ) ( S K I P , F ( 5 ) , 3 F { 1 2 , 3 ) )
SFSQ = SFSO + ( S { P ) - P S ? ) * * 2
;
END ;
LSTt
flMSO. =
100*(SQBT (SPSe/3U)) ;
POT NATA ( 8MSQ ) ;
BSD I EHD |
Tw WTROL - 1 THEN DO ;
STROL = 2 ; 5 0 TO S T T ; W D ;
P K 5 ; PSOCEDURE
(AH , BH , Hi! >
ON ? , B a o n i ? T n E s o r o L L :
ON O I D E S F L O W GO T O L L U
ON OVERFLOW GO TO LLtt
;
0 1 PIXBDO?EBFLO RO TO LL1
DECIA8E
Afft9) , B ( 7 ) , A H ( 6 3 ) , PH f 101
DO ffKK = 1 TO (H*lf!) ; A{KKK| = AR(KKK) ;
END J R = M
DO in?* = 1 TO N ; B (KKK) = BHfKRK)
; END
DO S = 1 TO N
POT EDIT f(MM*L + ) DO L - C TO (8-111* BfB)) (SKIP , (S+1) F(12,6})
END
TOL = H.0001
KS - n
JJ = -*
DO J - 1 TO tl
Jf = J*1
JJ = JJ*N+1
BTGA - 0.0
IT = JJ-J
/* SEARCH FOB WAX COEFFICIENT IH COLOMS
*/
HO I = J TO N
IJ = IT+I
If f JIBS (BIG*) - A B S ( M U n ) < 0.0 THEN DO
BIGR = A (IJJ
IS AX = T
END / * (ABSfeXGI) - ABS(A(IJH) < 0.0
*/
END
/* T = .1 TO V * /
/* TKST FOH PIVOT LESS THAN TO L
*/
/* INTERCHANGE BOBS IF HECKSSftRY * /
11 - ,T + N*(J-2)
IT = IMAX-J
DO K - J TO N
11=11+N
T2 = T 1 + I T
SAVE = A ( T 1 )
A(T1> = M T 2 )
ft{12)
= SAVE
/*
DXVXDF. -RQirATTOM BY LEADIMG C O E F F I C I E N T
*/
A (11) - A(I1)/BTGA
FND / * I F f ABS(DO K = 3 TO W
*/
SftE = B (IHAX)
B<I1AX) = B f J )
B ( J ) = SAfB/RIGA
TP J = N THEN fiO TO flKSQI,

PR2:

126
127
128
129
130

PBOCBBUHB OPTIOWS

/ * E l I H r i l T E BEJTT T A H l I B t E
IQS = H*{J-1J
DO TX = J T TO I
I X J a I Q S + IX
I T = J - IX
DO J X - J ? TO H

131
132
133
13**
135
136
137
138

IXJX ~ S*fJX-1

155
156
157
159

*/

+ II

J J X - IXJX + I T
M I X J X ) = A ( I X J X ) - (A ( I X J ) ) *A ( 3 J X )
EMD
/ * DO J X = J T TO I
/
B(IX) = B(IX) - (B(J|> *(A<IXJ) )
EHD
/ * RO I f J T TO H
*/
BSD
/ * J = 1 TO H
*/
BKSOl:
/ * BACK" SQUFTX08
*/
HY =

139
t*0
1U1
142
1*43
1411
1Q5
14-6
147
HI3
1U9
150
153
15a

(HA IV)

ff-1

IT DO .J
IA
IB
IC
DO

S*K
- 1 TO S I
= IT - J
= R - 3
= M
K - 1 TO J
BfTB) = B ( I B ) - (A ( I I ) f ( 8 ( I C ! )
IA = I ft - M
IC = I C - 1
EHD
/ * 0 0 K = 1 TO .1
*/
END
/* DO J - 1 TO HY
*/
DO KKK ~ 1 TO N ; BH fFCfCWf = BfKKFJ ; E1D
DO H = 1 TO S
PUT EDIT ({A ( * ! * > DO I = 0 TO ( N - 1 ) ) , B ( H ) ) - ( S K I P

EHD
LL^s
HBTrTRN
END PH5
EHD /*PP2*/

, (1**1)

F(12,6))

62 a . 126953
B 6 . 132904
130.
1 2 . 746530
19.
8 6 , 13290*4
0.
0 . 138005
1 . 000000
1 , 000000
1.
86. 132^04
B(ii) = O.OOOOOE+OO
B (5) =
GK~ 1 . 6 0 5 3 2 B + 0 0 ;
43089
1 . 196
1.229
43129
1 . 18B
1.209
43169
1 . 184
1.196
1.180
213249
1.183
43329
1.172
1 . 167
1 . 171
43489
1.166
1.240
43088
1.283
1.250
1.224
43128
1.216
43168
1 . 22**
4324A
1,202
1.209
1.202
43328
1 , 190
4348R
1.196
1.190
43087
1.314
1.360
43127
1 . 310
1.284
43167
1,260
1.262
43247
1,228
1,247
43327
1.236
1,211
43487
1.201
1.226
1.383
43086
1.421
43126
1.346
1.369
1 . 32 2
1.320
43166
43246
1.2R5
1.301
1,277
43126
1 . 249
43486
1.250
1.216
1,424
43085
1,462
1.391
43125
1 . 411
1.359
43165
1 . 362
1.341
43245
1 . 322
43325
1s25
1.324

R10592
155H75
037609
282411
O.G0030*!+00

B(1) = 3 . 2 6 0 9 9 E - 0 2
B f 6 J - O.OOOOOR+00

- 2 . 671
-1.733
-1.06
-0.325
0.443
-0.365
-3.341
-2.075
-0.723
0.553
0.998
0.497
- 3 . 30
-1.98 8
-0.165
1.600
2.046
2.016
-2.715
-1.669
- 0 . 188
1 .292
2.222
2.807
-2.55ft
-1.375
-7.224
1.538
2.2^2

RWSO- 2 . 1 8 4 5 7 ^ + 0 0

B(2) = 1.28241K+00
B ( 7 ) = O.OOOOOE+00;

B ( 3 | = n.OGOOOF+30
SFO= 1 . 0 3 3 1 4 ^ + 0 0

6 1 9 ., 0 1 0 4 9 8
130.810592
62-4. 126953
8 6 . 132904
9 1 ., 6 4 8 9 1 0
8 6 . 132904
12, 746530
19,155075
9 1 .,648910
137.670013
619. 010498
6 6 0 . 296386
0 ,, 9 9 1 8 0 2
1 . 000000
0 . 138005
0.032360
1.541179
8 6 . 132904
1 . 000D00
7 ., 4 5 0 9 1 1
619. 010498
0 . 859726
1 .,000000
-0.0357548(11 - 3.236D1E-02
B { 4 f - 0.00030H+00
8 ( 5 ) = 0,GOOOO*!+OQ
B(6) = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 + 0 0
S5K- 4 . 6 7 0 0 9 B + 0 0 ;
1.229
113089
1 . 197
-2.619
43129
1.209
1,188
-1*723
113169
1.196
1.184
-1.022
43249
1.183
1.180
-0.269
1 . 167
1.174
43329
0.5B6
1 . 171
ft3ft89
1.169
- 0 . 115
43088
1 . 283
1.233
-3.565
43128
1.250
1.221
-2.358
43168
1.224
1.213
-0.914
1.208
43248
1*202
0,483
43328
t . 190
1.202
1.066
1 . 190
1.198
4 3*88
0.647
1.313
43087
1.360
-3.501
1.310
-2.218
43127
1.281
1,262
1.257
43167
-0.435
43247
1,245
1.228
1.443
1.235
43327
1.977
1.211
43487
1.225
1 . 201
1.929
-2.377
1.388
43086
1.421
1.34?
1 , 36 9
43126
-1.565
-3.148
43166
1.322
1.320
1.285
1.302
1.30 3
43246
1.276
43328
1.249
2.177
1.247
1.216
43488
2.562
1.462
-2.057
1.432
41085
1.411
1.396
43125
-1.038
1.361
-0,117
43165
1,362
1.34 4
43245
1.122
1.612
43325
1.295
1.325
2.308
HH5Q- 2 . 1 4 6 7 4 B + 0 Q ;

8 ( 2 ) * 1. 54117E+00
B(7 - O . 0 0 0 0 O E * 0 O ;

B (3)=-3.57547B-02
S?0= 1 . 0 3 2 8 8 B + 0 0

624, 126953
91.,648895 110.,810592
86. 132904 619,.010498
86. 1329011
12,746530
14,,556415
19,,155075
91..648910
619,010198
91.648910 660. 296386 104. 636795 137..670011
1*. 556415 104,,636795
17..711868
91. 648895
21.,684661
0* 138005
0,,334815
0.,991802
0, 146843
1.000000
86* 132904
1. 000000
7. 450911
2, 208122
-3,,403320
619.010498
0. 859726
1.,000000
-0. 083171
0.,067197
91. 648895
1. 908375
-0. 183641
1. 000000
1,,891843
B|3 = 6.719702-02
B f 41 = 1.891B4E+00
B{5) = O.OOOOOB+00
G?r= 3. 32626^-02,SFO= 1 .397681+00
113089
-3.188
1.229
1. 190
43129
1.193
-1.307
1,209
-0.370
113169
1.192
1. 196
43249
1.189
0.471
1. 183
43329
1.359
1. 167
1. 183
43189
1.171
1.176
0.428
153088
1.242
1,283
-1.222
.43128
1.250
1.236
-1 . 134
43168
1. 221
-0,320
1 . 2 2 ft
0.239
43248
1.202
1.205
43328
1.189
1. 190
-0.032
43488
1. 190
1. 181
-0.784
43087
-2.545
1.326
1. 360
43127
1.310
-1.340
1.292
113167
1.266
0.334
1.262
43247
1.2 39
0.916
1.228
9 3327
1.219
0.677
1.211
43487
1.217
1.292
1.201
43086
1.421
1,388
-2,332
43126
1.369
1.34 9
-1.438
431S6
1.309
1.322
-0.972
43248
1.285
-0.110
1.2R3
43326
1.249
1.257
0.626
43486
2.9H5
1.216
1,252
43085
0.251
1.462
1.166
13125
1,411
-0,013
1.410
1,177
43165
1. 116
1.362
1, 348
43245
1. 322
1.931
43325
1.295
1. 314
1.414
ansQ- 1.74347TH00;

B(1)= 3.34815E-31
8(6) ~ 0.O0OOOB+OO

B (2) =-3.40332?+00
B (7)= P.OOOOOF+00;

9 1 ., 6 4 8 ^ 9 5
6 1 9 ., 0 1 0 4 9 8
8 6 . 132904
7 3 6 ,, 5 1 3 1 8 3
6 2 4 . 126953
130,, 8 1 0 5 9 2
1 4 . 556415
107,, 9 6 1 0 9 0
9 1 ., 6 4 8 9 1 0
1*,. 1 5 5 0 7 5
12, 746530
8 6 . 13290a
8 6 0 ., 2 9 6 3 8 6
9 1 , 648913
1 0 4 . 63 6795
1 3 7 ., 6 7 0 0 1 3
619, 010498
7 7 6 ,.2SI2675
9 1 . 648895
1 7 ,, 7 1 1 8 6 8
122,, 0 4 2 5 2 6
14, 556415
1 0 4 ,, 6 3 6 7 9 5
2 1 ,,684661
1 0 7 . 961090
1 2 2 . 0*42526
1 6 1 . , 5 7 9 8 64
7 7 6 ,, 2 4 2 6 7 5
736. 513183
9 2 0 ,, 7 7 6 8 5 5
1 ,, 0 5 3 9 4 1
0 . 146584
0 , 165703
1 . 000000
0 ., 1 1 3 6 2 8
1 ., 2 5 0 1 8 3
8 6 . 132904
2 ., 198455
1 , 000000
7 . 243497
8,, 1 7 3 0 6 8
1 ,, 8 0 5 6 2 4
619. 010498
0 . 91185 5
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
- 3 .,941774
0 . 046628
- 0 . ,012397
9 1 . 648895
1 . 122151
- 0 . 084095
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 3 2 ,,723373
0 ., 3 4 0 3 0 3
0 . 120822
6 2 1 . 126953
- 0 . 005322
0 . 018555
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 0 ., 161770Bf1) = 1.1362SE-01
B{3)=-1.23976B-02
P (4) = 3 . 4 0 3 0 3 S - 0 1
B { 6 ) = 0.OO00OE+O0
B ( 5 ) =-- 1 . 6 1 7 7 0 E :-oi
SFO- 11 . 1 2 0 3 3 1 * 0 0
RK= 6 , G 8 3 7 7 E * Q 0 ;
43089
1.224
1,229
-0.40 8
43129
1,209
-0.080
1.208
43169
1.198
1.196
0 . 185
43249
1.187
0.291
1,183
43329
1.167
1,174
0.584
43489
1 . 171
-0.737
1.162
13088
1.283
-0.916
1.272
13128
1.250
1.242
-0.605
1
,
2
2
7
1,224
43168
3,227
43248
0.567
1.209
1.202
43328
1 , 190
1.195
0.421
1 . 181
-0.764'
43488
1 . 190
43087
-0.345
1.356
1 . 360
43127
1,303
1.310
-0.545
43167
1.262
1.266
0.292
43247
0.854
1.228
1.218
q
43327
0.669
1.211
1.21
43487
-0.071
1.201
1.200
1,410
43086
1,421
0.618
43126
1,369
-0.264
1.365
43166
-0.166
1.320
1 . 122
43246
1,285
1 . 2*>3
-0,133
1.248
43326
1.249
-0.076
43486
1,216
1.214
-0.187
1 .477
1.049
43085
1.462
-0,057
43125
1.411
1.410
4 3 1 65
1,357
1,362
-0,381
43245
1.322
1.321
-9.096
-0.407
43325
1.295
1.290
RMSQs 5 . 8 9 7 8 3 E - 0 1 *

B(21= 1.05&2*+00
B(7) = O,0CC0CE+00|

624.
86.
619.
91,
736.
776.
t.
86,
619.
91.
736,
624.
B(2) =
B(7) =
43089
43129
4 3169
43249
H33 29
43469
43088
43128
43168
43248
43328
43488
43087
43127
43167
43247
4 3327
434 87
43086
43126
431-66
43246
4 3326
43486
43085
4 3 12 5
43165
43245
43325

126953
6 6 ,, 1 3 2 9 0 4
7 3 6 .. 5 1 3 1 8 3
9 1 ,- 6 4 8 8 9 5
6 1 9 . 010498
7 7 6 ,. 2 4 2 6 7 5
132904
12. 746530
1 0 7 ,. 9 6 1 0 9 3
9 1 . 648910
1 4 ,, 5 5 6 4 1 5
1 2 2 ,, 0 4 2 5 5 6
8 7 7 ,. 7 9 1 0 1 5
,296386
1
0
4
.
010498
9 1 ., 6 4 8 9 1 0
660.
636795
7 7 6 ., 2 4 2 6 7 5
1 4 7 ,, 0 4 7 6 0 7
104. 636795
648895
14. 556415
1 7 ., 7 1 1 8 6 8
1 2 2 ., 0 4 2 5 2 6
122. 042526
513183
1 0 7 .,961090
7 7 6 . 242675
9 2 0 . , 7 7 6 8 5 5 1 0 3 0 ., 5 6 7 3 8 2
8 7 7 .,791015
1 4 7 . 0 4 7 6 0 7 1 0 3 0 ., 5 6 7 3 8 2 1 2 2 9 ,. 7 0 4 8 3 3
242675
122. 042556
000000
0 . 157222
1 . 130820
0 . 189435
1 ,. 5 8 4 1 7 5
1., 3 2 7 6 3 4
2 ., 2 1 6 3 8 7
132904
1 . 000000
7 . 234224
1 7 ,. 7 1 6 3 0 8
1, , 6 7 8 9 9 8
010498
- 5 . 673248
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 0 . 038096
- 1 , , 721129
- 1 . ,492310
- 0 . 066362
648895
0 . 147179
- 2 4 ,,428405
- 2 8 .,913238
1 . 000000
513183
- 7 . 835083
0 ., 0 5 9 4 0 2
0 . 021621
1 .,000000
1 ., 4 0 3 7 2 3
0 . 002996
126953
- 0 , 795469
0 , 002679
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 0 , ,192892
8
1,94475E+GO
Bf4| = 2.77688E-01
0 ( 3 ) - 1 . 7 4 0 8 4 B - 0 2
0.000001*00;
SFO- 11 . 1 2 4 3 7 5 + 0 0
GK= 6 ,. 99189E+001
1.229
1,225
-0.338
1/209
-0.032
1.208
1.199
0,220
1.196
1.187
1,183
0.306
1.167
1.174
0,581
-0*763
1.171
1.162
1.271
-0,923
1,283
1.250
1.242
-0,-610
1.224
1.227
0.228
1.202
1.209
0.560'
1,194
1.190
O.H04
1.180
1.190
-0.803
-0.419
1.355
1.360
-0,575
1.310
1.302
1.266
0.274
1.262
1.228
1.238
0,842
1.211
1.219
0.650
- 0 . 107
1,201
1.200
0.538
1.429
1.421
1,369
1.365
-0.282
1.120
1,322
-0.1551.283
-0.105
1.285
-0.061
1,249
1.248
1.214
-0.196
1 . 216
0.973
1.462
1.476
1.411
1.410
-0.042
1.358
-0.331.
1,362
1,322
1.322
-0.014
1.291
1.295
-0,325
RHSQ- 5 . 7 6 5 5 7 E - 0 1 ;

1 3 0 ,. 8 1 0 5 9 2
19,, 155075
1 3 7 ,.67 0013
2 1 .,684661
1 6 1 ., 5 7 9 8 6 4
1 8 1 ,, 0 1 4 4 6 5
0,. 1 1 7 2 2 9
1 ,. 9 4 4 7 5 1
- 0 ..017408
0 ., 2 2 7 6 8 8
- 0 . 179899
0 ., 0 1 6 1 5 5
( 5 ) - 1.79894E-01

B(1)= 1.17229F-01
B(6)= 1.615545-02

9 1 ,, 6 1 9 . 9 9 5
7 3 6 ,, 5 1 3 1 8 3
1 3 0 ,. 8 1 0 5 9 ?
8 6 ., 1 3 2 9 0 1
6 1 9 ., 0 1 0 1 9 9
7 7 6 ,. 2 1 2 6 7 5 5 3 7 9 ,, 5 9 3 5 9 3
62. 126953
1 0 7 ,, 9 6 1 0 9 3
7 3 6 ,, 5 1 3 1 8 3
86. 132901
9 1 ,, 6 4 9 9 1 0
1 4 ,, 5 5 6 1 1 5
1 2 2 ,, 0 1 2 5 5 6
1 9 ,, 1 5 5 0 7 S
1 2 ., 7 1 6 5 3 0
6 1 9 ,. 0 1 0 1 9 9
B 7 7 ,, 7 * 1 1 0 1 5 5 2 B 9 ,, 8 1 2 5 0 0
1 0 1 ., 6 3 6 7 9 5
7 7 6 ,, 2 1 2 6 7 5
9 1 ., 6 1 9 9 1 0
6 6 0 ., 2 9 6 3 8 6
1 3 7 ,, 6 7 0 0 1 3
1 4 7 ,, 0 4 7 6 0 7
7 7 6 ,, 2 1 2 6 7 5
1 1 ,, 5 5 6 1 1 6
9 1 ,,648895
1 0 4 ,, 6 3 6 7 9 5
1 7 ,, 7 1 1 8 6 8
2 1 ,,684661
1 2 2 ,, 0 1 2 5 2 6
1 6 1 ,, 5 7 9 9 6 4
736. 513183
1 0 7 ,, 9 6 1 0 9 0
1 2 2 ., 0 1 2 5 2 6
9 2 0 ,, 7 7 6 8 5 5 1 0 3 0 ,, 5 6 7 3 8 2 6 3 3 9 ,, 3 5 1 5 6 2
7 7 6 ,, 2 4 2 6 7 5
1 9 1 ,, 0 1 4 1 6 5
1 2 2 ,, 0 1 2 5 5 6
9 7 7 ,, 7 9 1 0 1 5
1 4 7 ,, 0 1 7 6 0 7 1 0 3 0 . , 5 6 7 3 8 2 1 2 2 9 , , 7 0 4 8 3 3 6 6 2 0 , , 0 1 5 6 2 5
7 7 6 ,, 2 1 2 6 7 5
7 3 6 . 5 1 3 1 8 3 5 2 9 9 ,, 9 1 2 5 0 0
7 7 6 ., 2 4 2 6 7 5 6 3 1 9 , , 3 5 1 5 6 2 6 6 2 0 , . 0 1 5 6 2 5 1 6 6 5 8 , , 5 9 3 7 5 0 1 1 1 4 , . 1 9 5 9 0 C
5379. 683591
0 ., 1 3 6 9 0 6
0 ., 1 4 1 2 9 1
1 ,, 2 3 0 5 5 8
8 ,, 6 7 3 1 1 0
- 0 ..0C1875
0 ., 9 8 3 2 9 4
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 ., 1 7 8 3 P 6
2 ,, 2 2 2 0 9 4
36. 132901
- 7 ,, 128849
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 ., 2 6 1 6 1 8
7 ,, 3 4 6 1 5 4
1 7 ,, 1 0 6 0 2 1
3 , 5 9 2 2 0 &
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 0 . 012623
6 1 9 .,01019R
6 ., 9 0 2 1 3 5
- 2 .,592905
- 2 , .713 879
- 1 9 .,766617
- 0 ,,016710
9 1 . 618895
2 ,, 0 0 9 0 9 7
- 3 8 ,,944717 - 3 0 3 ,,532111
- 0 .,491263
- 0 ., 0 7 0 3 8 8
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 1 3 ., 174942
7. 127716
7 ,, 5 9 8 0 0 6
736, 513183
f\ 271505
- 0 ., 0 6 5 0 9 7
1 ., 0 1 7 6 9 7
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 0 ,.36917^
776. 212675
0 . 9 5 1 3 86
0. 021505
0. 007746
- 0 ,, 153156
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 6 ,, 114042
0 ., 0 9 9 9 9 9
0. 022S21
0.695913
0. 329977
0 . , 0 1 3 9 7 1 8 ( 1 ) = -- 4 ,
6 2 1 . 126953
0 ., G 7 ? 6 Q 3
- 0 ,,040079
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
8{3)=-1.671013-02
TB{2}~ 3.59220K+00
B ( 1 ) *=- 1 . 9 1 2 6 3 ! ^ - C 1
1 ( 5 } = - 3 . 6 9 1 7 5 5 * - 0 1
B <6> = o
S ? 0 = CI . 9 5 1 3 5 R - 0 1
8 (7) = 1 . 3 9 7 1 6 R - 0 2 |
G * = 3 ,, 6 3 1 1 0 E + 0 1 ;
-0.337
43QB9
1.229
1.225
13129
1.209
-0.065
1.209
43169
1 . 196
1.198
0.192
0.296
4 324 9
1 . 187
1.193
1 . 174
ft 3 3 2 9
1 . 16"?
0.599
-0.711
13*89
1 . 171
1.162
13088
1.283
1.272
-0.994
1.250
1.212
1312B
-0.622
1.227
13168
1.221
0.226
13218
1.202
1.209
0.560
13328
1.19G
1.191
0.393
0
,829
13188
1.190
1.190
1308"?
1 . 36f>
1.355
-0.40 2
13127
1,30 3
-0.554
1.310
13167
1.266
0.292
1.262
13217
1.219
1.228
0.852
13327
1.219
0.636
1.211
13187
1.200
-0.131
1.201
1.129
13086
1.121
0.56 2
1.365
13126
1 . 369
-0,246
13166
-0.106
1.322
1.321
-0.087
13216
1.281
1.295
13326
1.219
1.21"
-0.092
1.216
13186
1.213
-0.202
1.17i
13085
0.84 9
1.162
13125
1.111
-0.053
1.410
13165
1 .359
1 . 362
-0.322
13215
1 . 322
1,122
0*006
1.291
13325
1.295
-0.32 5
8 MSQ= 5 . 5 9 5 0 6 5 - 0 1 ;

7S^Q-F

gossqgp

0 . 29 2032
0* 0 4 5 6 7 0
2 . 910132
0 , 007701
0 . 45S084
0 , 015670
1 . 000000
9, 973781
0 , 156190
0 . 045673
1 , 000300
- 0 . 055555
Bf4) = 0.0O000B+00
B { 5 ) = O.OOO0OE+00
6 K - 9. 45959E-01?
21320.437
22495.300
-5.222
1*3089
43129
-2.076
21779.003
21326.843
21616.609
-1.325
43169
21330.058
1*3249
21333.230
21446.996
-0.530
43329
-0.939
21541.496
21339.050
-2.767
43489
21951.199
21343.628
-9.1H0
43088
21316,796
21286.812
2077%.300
2.525
43128
212^9.015
20727.597
431S8
21305.457
2.787
0 , 972
#3298
21310.761
21105.110
21316.187
113328
-1.390
21616.691
43488
21320.519
21923.500
-2.750
43087
2 0 9 1 4 . 8?8
1.426
21233.550
43127
21255.167
20669.996
2,831
4316?
20159.695
21272.405
3.972
2.274
43217
20808.304
21281.656
21290.019
JI3327
21055.695
1.112
2.571'
43487
20763.703
21297.738
43086
21186.843
21937.703
-3.422
21397.496
-0.868
43126
21211.652
-1.079
43166
21229.683
21461.402
-0.812
43246
21*16,605
21242.644
21234.507
21260.113
-0.161
93326
20253.003
43186
21279.628
5.069
21159.664
43085
21642.496
-2.230
21181.328
-1.778
ft3125
21564.906
21202.691
431SS
21096.599
0.502
43215
20937.593
1.319
21213.875
0.59
43325
21102.109
21226.464

B(1f = 9 . 9 7 3 7 8 5 * 0 0
B { 6 ) - O.OOOOOE+00

B(2)=-5. 55551E-02
B(7)= O.OOGDOE*0O:

B (3|= 0.000001+00
S?0= 2.16564E+Q4

RHSQ= 4 . 5 6 1 0 6 B + 0 4

o*
O

292032
045670
327606
000000
0 . 045670
0. 29 2032
B{4) =
G I - 1. 0 . 0 0 0 0 0E+00
27762B+01;
43089
22495,300
113129
21779.003
43169
21616.609
,996
#32119
21446,,496
13329
21541,
43*89
21951,199
43088
21316*796
43128
20774,300
43168
20727.597
4 3248
21105,410
43328
21616,691
43988
21923.500
43087
20934.898
43127
20669.996
43167
20459,695
43247
20808.304
43327
21055.695
43487
20763.703
43086
21937.703
43126
21397.496
43166
21461.402
43246
21416.605
43326
21294.507
43486
20253.003
43085
21642.496
43125
21564.906
4 3 16 5
21096.699
43245
20937.593
43325
21102,109
0.
0.
0,
1,

045670
007701
055009
167913
000000
000032

2.910132
327606
0.455084
05500*?
3,264145
393718
9.999094
201801
2.547584
941495
000000
0 e 3 8 5 4 6 1 B ( 1 | = 9.99939E+00
B{6) = O.OO0DOB4-OQ
B(5j= 0,00000^*00

21587. 003
21515. 750
21559. 785
21650. 734
21878. 992
22155, 64 8
20789. 441
20714. 218
20957. 292
21259. 585
21600. 925
21810,910
20799. 03 9
20649.050
20642. 257
20941. 207
21176. 179
21123, 191
21678. 605
21227. 902
21157. 789
21148. 066
21098, 449
20743. 277
21948. 101
21639. 750
21194. 746
21163. 863
21201, 820

4,037
1.208
0.262
0.949
1.566
0.931
2.471
-0 289
1.108
0.730
072
513
648
101
892
638
572
1.731
1, 181
-0 792
1. 414
1.253
0.920
2.420
1.412
0,347
9. 464
1.080
0,472

HHSQ- 2,650341*00

B{2) = 2 . 5 4 7 5 8 E + 0 0
B{7) = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 + 0 0 ;

8 |3 =-3.85461E-01
SFOs 2.20065B+04

0,
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.

292032
0.
04567')
0
327606
0,
055009
0.
OOOCOO
0.
04 5 6 7 0
1.
292032
0.
0.
c. 0 5 5 0 0 9
B (3) =- 4 . 3 7 9 1 9 ^ - 0 1
SFO= 1 . 9 0 6 1 2 E + 0 4
43089
22495.300
21779.003
143129
21616.609
43169
43249
21446.96
21541,49*
41329
2 1 9 5 1 . 19P
43489
21316.7<if,
41088
43128
4 3168
43248
43328
434R8
43087
4312"?
43167
43247
43327
41487
43086
43126
43166
43246
43326
434B6
43085
43125
4 316 5
43245
43325

207"74. 300
20727.597
21105.410
21616.691
21923.500
20934.898
20669.996
20459.6Q5
20808,304
21055.695
2 0 7 5 3 . 703
21937.7^3
21397.496
21461.4C2
21416.605
21294.507
20253.00 3
21642.496
21564.906
21096.6Q9
20937,5Q3
2 1 1 0 2 . 10

0.
0 . 32 7 6 0 6
0
0. 055^09
0. 3 ^ 3 7 1 8
0,
0.
0. 070246
0.
1 . 201803
2.
6 . 94 149 5
-0.
1 . 000000
- 0 . 000105
1.
8 ( 4 ) =- P . 8 O 8 9 4 E - 0 1
GK= 1 . 3 U 7 7 9 ? f 0 2 ;
21618.511
-3,808
21462.464
-1.45 3
-0.622
21482.101
0,545
21563.960
21788.076
1 . 148
0.625
22088.539
20752.855
-2.645
20586.308
-0,904
0.78R
20891.000
0.811
21276,683
2170 5.76 5
0.412
21952.015
0 . 130
-1.007
20723.960
20572.589
-0.471
0.541
20570.468
20OQ3.7^6
0."91
1 . 179
21303.9Q6
2118 2.^-35
2.014
21726.207
- 0 . 9f>4
-0.*87
21250.343
-0.90 9
21266.218
21308.015
-0.507
2 1 2 6 2 . 101
-1.15 2
1.244
2^707.503
21778.56fi
.3.62 8
21589.968
0 . 116
0 , 074
21112.378
21166.324
1.0Q2
21317,304
1 .019

045670
007701
055009
009873
167913
OCOOOO
0 0 OP 3 2
00063 6

055009
00 9 8 7 3
070246
013257
214424
2M244
084067

2
0
3
0
9
4
-0
-0

OOCOOQ
B{5*

910132
455084
264145
548114
855410
03636
437910
8n0 qQ4

= c.?oooop+oc

RMSO=

2,51Q87E+04

B{1) = 9,85541E*00
B(S)= O.GOOOOE+OO

B (21 - 4.90363^ + 0
B (7) m O.OOOOOR^l

3,, 3 7 9 5 1 1
2.910132
0 . 29 2032
0 . 055009
0. 045670
0 ., 3 2 7 6 0 6
0.455084
0 ., 0 0 9 8 7 3
0,, 0 6 3 2 6 1
0 . 045670
0. 007701
0 ., 0 5 5 0 0 9
0 .,39 3718
0,, 4 5 2 2 7 0
3.264145
0 . 070246
0 ,,055009
0. 327606
D.,08'3291
0.548114
0 ,,00 9873
9. 070246
0 ., 0 1 3 2 5 7
0 . 055009
0,, 5 2 3 5 0 4
3.781414
0 ., 0 8 0 2 9 1
n ., 4 5 2 2 7 0
0. 379511
0 ,, 0 6 3 2 6 1
1,, 3 7 3 4 1 4
1 ., 1 9 1 7 1 6
0 . 211564
9.669666
0 . 166692
1 , 000000
2 ,, 2 5 1 4 9 7
7,, 7 5 1 5 2 6
9.024670
6 ,,78 47 34
0 , 045670
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 4 ,, 6 1 8 0 9 7
3 . 062283
0 . 327606
0 ,, 0 0 0 3 9 9
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.492552
0 . 000703
1 . 000000
- 3 4 ,, 5 6 6 2 2 3
-2.162377
- 0 ., 0 0 0 0 3 1
0 . 055009
0 . 00 0012
- 0 . 00 0017
Oe 2 9 2 0 3 2
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 1
- 0 . 1 2 0 0 9 1 B ( 1 ) = 9 . 6 6 966E*7 0
0 .,000088
B{5)=-- 1 . 2 0 0 9 1 E - 0 1
B ( 6 ) = 0.00000P4-00
B { 4 ) =-- 2 . 162371**00
B ( 3 ) = -4.92552E-01
SPO= 1I.583OQE+04
GK= 8 ., 30 547F + 0 3 ;
22079.77?
-1,847
430$9
22495.300
43129
21630.21S
21779,003
-0.683
21616,609
21537.058
#3169
-0.369
43219
21446.996
21497.820
0.236
21621.371
43329
21541,496
0.370
21951.19<
-0.463
21849.425
43489
-0,987
43088
21316.796
21106.195
43128
20774.300
20647.101
-0.612
20727.597
43168
1 . 111
20957,992
0.987
43248
21313,769
21105.410
21616.691
43328
21767.210
0.696
H3^8S
21923.500
0.088
21942.933
43037
21039.859
0.501
20934.898
13127
20669.996
20674.765
0,023
43167
20548,039
20459.695
0.431
43247
0,819
20808.304
20978.906
43327
21302.511
21055.695
1.172
H348T
20963.167
20763.703
0.960
21937.703
22158.859
1.008
43086
43126
21397.496
21403.148
0.026
43166
-0.384
21461.402
21378.812
43246
21299.464
21416.605
-0.596
21294.507
21152.804
43326
-0.665
20225.671
- 9 , 134
43486
20253.003
0,764
0R5
2 1 8 0 7 . <o<
21642,496
#3125
21564.906
21517.303
-0.220
21096.699
43165
20829.667
-1.265
20^37.593
41245
20818,585
-0.568
43125
-0,408
21102,109
21015.932
RKSQ^ 1 . s 9 7 O 9 E * 0 4 ;

f
B (2) = ,D?67w+Q0
B (7) = 1.0000015*00

0, 04 5670
0, 37^511
2,
0.. 29 2032
0 .3276 06
0 ,055009
0, 4 5 2 2 7 0
0, 007701
0. 063261
0 , 045670
0 .0550 09
0 ,009873
0,
0, 0 8 0 2 9 1
0, 055009
0 , 327606
0. 452270
0 .39 3718
0.,070246
1.
C, 5 7 2 0 1 0
0, 009*373
0,
106872
0 .0702 46
0 ,013257
0 . 055009
c,
080291
0,
0, 063261
0.
657674
0.
0 .4522 70
0 ,080291
3,
379511
0, 867514
0, 080291
0. 523504
0.
0 .5720 10
0 , 106872
4,
452270
0, 177529
0, 918133
0 ,236302
1,26 4753
1, 657674
1.
9,
000000
1, oooooo
2, 267619
0.
1. 454162
11,
1, 4 7 6 5 0 1
6 .7618 41
- 0 i 003150
-0.
0 . 0ft5670
-o ,035426 -1. 313968 17, 9 5 B 0 6 0
1.0000 00
-3,
0, 000107
0 . 327606
1 ,000003 -30, 595391
-0 .0000 52
-1, 4 3 2 9 6 P
.0000
0 . 055009
-0.
-0, 004112
0 ,000013
1, 82980 -29, 4 7 8 0 9 0
0 .0000 89
OOOOOO
0 . 379511
0.
04
"0, 000406
0 ,030032
-0,
-0
B ( 2 ) = 292032
oooooo
i,
B|3|* -5,75 324 5-0 1
8 ( 5 1 =B(4)
=8 { 7 ? 1,15241E+01
SFO= 1.661 5RB*04
000 107
1,
GIC- 1.
4 3 0 8 9 0.0OO00B+00
22388.92Q
3.95773H*00
-0.472
113129
21827.179
01126P+05;
22495.300
0.221
4 3169
21672.238
21779.003
0.257
H3249
21541.390
21616.609
0.440
43329
21589.597
21446.996
0.223
43489
21722,726
21541.496
43088
21151.636
-1.040
21951.199
93128
20654.742
-0.774
21316.796
43168
20973.746
-0.575
2 0 7 7 4 , 300
43248
21282.570
20727.597
1. 187
43328
21694.136
21105*410
0.839'
43488
21775.246
21616.691
0.358
9308?
20887.656
21923.500
-0.676
4312?
20610.488
20934,898
-0.225
ft 3167
20497,464
20669.9Q6
43247
20919.949
-0.287
20459.695
536
43327
21207.058
0. 718
184
20808.304
43487
20783.535
21055.695
095
43086
22001.519
20763.703
2^0
43126
21391.046
21937.703
030
43166
21426.859
21397.496
-0.160
43246
21362.609
21461.402
,252
43326
21146.531
21416.605
,694
43486
20102.02 7
21294,507
-0.74 5
H3085
21650.652
20253.003
0.037
* 312 5
21600.57
21642,496
0. 165
43165
20976.785
21564.906
- 0 ,568
4 3245
21031.593
21096.699
0 4UR
53325
2121 1.468
20917.593
P-*t5Q= 1 . 0 4 8 9 1 5 + 0 4 ;
0,519
21102.109

910132
455084
264145
548114
781414
506116
718111
524127

'

575324
15773i5
421331
249101
4.23331E-01

B { 1 ) = Q.71P11<F*pf
B r6| - 2.49101P-01

0 .. 0 5 2 2 7 C
2 ,, 0 5 3 5 5 5
0. 292032.
0 ,, 0 5 5 0 0 9
0 ,, 3 7 < ? 5 1 1
2 ,. 9 1 0 1 3 2
0, 005670
0 ., 3 2 7 6 0 6
0 ,, 3 7 9 5 1 1
0 ., 0 0 9 8 7 3
0 ., 0 0 7 7 0 1
0 ,, 0 6 3 2 6 1
0 ,, 0 8 0 2 9 1
0. 005670
01. 0 5 5 0 8 ! J
0 ., 0 5 5 0 0 9
0 ,, 0 7 0 2 0 6
2 ., 7 2 3 1 0 1
0 ,, 0 5 5 0 0 9
0 ., 3 9 3 7 1 8
0 ,. 5 7 2 0 1 0
3 ,. 2 6 * 1 1 0 5
0. 327606
0 ,, 0 5 2 2 7 0
0. 055009
0 ., 0 7 0 2 0 6
0 ,, 0 1 3 2 5 7
. 106H72
0 ,. 0 5 2 2 7 0
0 ., 0 0 9 8 7 3
0 .. 0 8 0 2 9 1
0 ,. 5 U 8 1 1 0
0 ,, 0 8 0 2 9 1
0 ,, 6 5 7 6 7 0
3 ,. 1 7 6 9 5 7
0 . 37 9 5 1 1
0 ,, 0 6 3 2 6 1
0 ., 0 5 2 2 7 0
3 .. 7 8 1 0 1 0
0 ., 5 2 3 5 0 0
0 ., 0 8 0 2 9 1
3 ,, 7 0 5 8 1 0
0. 052270
0 ., 5 7 2 0 1 0
0 8, 1 0 6 8 7 2
0 ,. 8 6 7 5 1 0
0 ,. 6 5 7 6 7 0
0 ,. 5 3 6 1 1 6
2 ,, 7 2 3 1 0 1
0 ,, 0 5 2 2 7 0
3 ,, 1 7 6 9 5 7
2 0 ,. 7 6 2 6 6 0
2. 053555
0 ., 3 7 9 5 1 1
3 .. 7 0 5 8 1 0
2 0 ,, 4 0 9 0 5 0
8 ,, 0 6 2 2 7 7
1, 000000
1 ., 1 0 9 8 7 5
0 ., 1 8 0 3 3 2
0 ,, 1 5 0 6 7 8
1 ., 2 9 0 8 3 7
1 , . 5 2 6 6 8**
1 3 ,, 0 2 8 8 7 8
- 7 ,,878376
1 7 ,, 1 3 0 5 3 8
0. 005670
2. 270337
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 ,. 9 7 2 0 2 5
6 ., 7 7 7 7 8 7
- 3 3 .,861720
- 0 ., 0 0 3 8 8 0
-2. , 9 6 1 2 1 2
- 2 0 ,,572586
0 , 32 7 6 0 6
0 ,, 0 0 0 3 3 5
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 3 .,317168
- 0 ,,530207
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 0 ., 0 0 0 0 5 0
0. 055009
0. 001360
- 0 3 ,, 3 9 9 8 2 6
-- 0 3 . . 2 0 0 0 6 7 - 2 8 0 . , 0 0 9 0 6 2
1 5 ,, 8 3 0 3 0 0
7 ., 0 1 3 8 9 9
1 ,. 1 0 0 0 6 8
0. 379511
0 ., 0 0 0 5 5 9
0 ., 0 0 0 1 5 5
- 0 . 000030
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 ,, 7 6 9 5 0 2
0 ., 0 0 0 0 0 1
0. 052270
- 0 , ,Q3D075
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 5 .,931029
0,000637
0. 000005
- 2 .,030223
0. 000010
0 ,, 0 3 0 0 2 1
0. 292032
0 ., 0 0 0 0 9 9
0 ., 0 0 0 0 9 8
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 1
- 0 ,.3808088 f t | = 1.30288F+01
- 0 ,,000020
B (51 = 0 . 7 6 9 5 0 E + 0 0
B ( 2 ) - 3 . 3 B 6 1 7 E + 0 1
B ( 3 ) = - 5 . 3 0 2 0 7 E - 0 1
B ( 6 ) =- 2 . Q 3 H 2 2 E + 0 0
P{0 ) = 1.58303E+01
B ( 7 ) - 3 . 8 0 8 0 8 E - 0 1 ;;
<3K= 1 , , 9 6 8 0 6 R - 1 5 |
SFO= *( . 5 3 1 7 5 ^ + 0 5
0 3089
22095.300
22323.C31
-0.765
0.937
#3120
21779.003
21983.085
0.867
03169
21616.609
21800.230
03209
21006.996
21557.687
0.516
03329
21025.009
21501,096
-0.538
03089
2 1 9 5 1 . 199
21332.679
-2.817
03088
21007,281
21316,796
- 1 . 26
43128
20770.300
20796.003
0. 100
03168
20727,597
21032.875
1.072
0.937
0320a
21105.010
21303.261
03328
0.623
21616.691
21751,500
03088
21915.515
-0.036
21923,500
20930.898
-0,001
0309?
20802,085
20669.996
0312?
20560,078
-0.512
20089,589
03167
20059.695
0 . 106
03207
20808.300
20929.OftQ
0.582
03327
21055.695
1,321
21330.003
03087
20763.703
20982.750
1,050
03086
21773.855
-0.706
21937.703
0 312 8
2 1 1 6 0 . 5<"3
- 1 . 107
21397.096
0 3166
21105.058
-1,070
21061,002
21270.109
-0,665
0 3206
21016.605
1
03326
21305.600
0.052
21290.50?
03086
202 3 3 . 3 1 2
20253.003
- 0 .097
0 3HHS
22237.656
2.70 9
21602.0^6 '
03125
21557.011
-0.036
21560.906
1
.00 9
03165
21096.699
20 8 8 3 . 6 7 1
03205
2 0 9 3 7 . 5^3
20889.820
-0.228
21200,367
03 325
21102.109
0,065
M S Q= 2 , 1 1 0 7 0 S - * Q O ;

o,

Os

2 . 980889
0 . 306413
0 . 048084
0 . 008136
0 . 048084"
0 . 466946
9 . 948768
1. 000000
0 . 156925
1 . 000000
- 1 . 405884
0 . 048084
8 ( 5 1 * 0 . OOOOOK+00
B ( | = 0. 000001*00
GK=' 2, 4 5 1 5 O E - 0 1 !
17815.742
-2.638
18298.511
43-089
18011,007
17951.656
-0.329
43129
18064.402
18020.148
-0.244
43169
18087.933
18115.105
-0.149
43249
-1.288
18213.464
43329
18451.300
43489
18743.207
18312.390
-2.298
17118.140
16604*292
3,094
43088
4.551
16611.898
17368.058
43128
16921.097
17501.339
3.429
4 3168
17551.800
17612,132
43248
0,343
18163.003
-2.406
43328
17725.972
17817.207
-3.248
41488
18415.507
16066,472
43087
15384.398
4.433
43127
15774.800
16*85.703
4.506
16205.199
4316?
16827.390
3,839
16941.703
43247
17013.265
0.422
17184.042
17376.011
- 1 . 104
43327
17277.000
17341.941
0.375'
43487
15195.671
43086
15427.800
-1.504
0,167
43126
15626.101 ' 15652.324
15992.593
16224.003
43166
-1,426
-2.532
1 6 6 6 3 . 304
16241.339
43246
16582.929
17040.804
-2.686
43326
16972.589
43486
16649,199
1,942
14799.703
4 3 08 5
14718.085
-0.605
15095.734
43125
15282.199
-1.220
15485.878
43165
15481.097
0.030
15827.406
-0.843
43245
15693.980
15931.246
-2.163
43325
16283.605

B f 1 ! = 9 . 9 4 876E*G0
BC6| = O.0000OB*OO

,
BMSQ= 3 . 5 9 5 6 0 E + 0 4

8f2!--1.40588E*/)0
H(7) = 0.0000DB+30;

B (3) = O.OOOPOF.+OC
SPO= 2,09264E*04

C. 3*44847
0 . 048C84
? . qqQpqq
0, 008136
0 ., 0 5 8 0 9 5
0. 466946
3, 348P68
0. 058095
0. 415674
1. 205187
9. 972346
ooocoo
o. 1 6 8 4 6 7
6, 929051
0. 946582
048081
1 ,, 0 9 0 0 0 0
306418
0,000035
1 ,, Of. 0 Q 0 0
- 0 .3489728(11=
B(6) =
B(5) = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 5 +
0,OOOOOK+OO
576881? 4 - 0 0 ;
- 1 . M 9
18298.511
18020.421
0 . 489
18011.007
18099.132
18199.574
0.74P
18064.402
18335.527
1. 216
1 8 1 1 5 . 105
n
13634.699
18451.300
, 913
18946.917
18743.2C7
1.C86
16756.511
0. 916
16604.2^2
1 .959
16937.417
16611.818
1. 9in
16 9 2 1 . 0 1 7
17244.108
0.139
17551.800
17576.308
18163.003
17943.062
-1.210
-1.219
18415.507
18191.000
15766.361
15384.398
2 . 482
1.799
15774.800
16058.554
16375,484
1 .0^0
16205. i n
-1.n2
167fi7,27l
16941.703
-1.^77
1710 1.921
17376.011
-0.359
1727-?000
17214,812
15509.898
1^427.800
1.53?
15659.781
1 ^ 6 2 6 , 101
"*. 2 1 5
16224.0^3
15941.140
- 1 .743
-?,935
16663.3^4
16174.179
16468.^31
-3.361
17040.804
-*>. 393
1664 9 . 1 9 9
16585.2^5
Q
Q
14 7 9 9 , 7tj 1
2 . 70">
l^l
.296
16386.191
15282. i n
0 . f- 8 1
15431.017
15476.76Q
~ ) . C'?"
15657.234
-1.075
1 ^ B ? " 7 . 49f>
1591 1 .917
BMSO=
16283. *^5
-2.292

c. 3 0 6 4 1 $

0.
0.
1.
0.
0,
B(> =
GK= 2 .
43089
'4 3 1 2 9
43169
a32a
43329
43489
4 3088
4312R
4316P
432*8
43328
434R8
143087
43127
43167
41247
41327
43487
IJ3086
43126
"43156
^43246
43326
434R6
43085
43125
43165
432aS
43325

048084
344847

9.Q7234s;+00
O.COOOOF+OO

2.3774615+04

8(2)=
8(7)=

9. 4 6 5 2 F - 0 1
O.OOOOCS+00;

3 f3| =-3.8972E~0 1
SPO= 2 . 1 4 2 5 6 R + C 4

0.306918
0.00808*
P,344847
0.058095
2.9BCR89
0.048084
0.008136
n a 05B095
0.010B5
0.46646
0.344847
P.058095
0.415674
0.0743B7
3.348868
0.058095
0.010459
0.0743B7
0.014076
0.563269
1.000000
-.168467
1.2053P7
0.215710
9.503749
0.048084
1.000300
6.929051
2.262593
8.62480^
0.306418
0.00003.5
1.000000
-0.084018
-0.519515
0.058095
0.0-00671
-0.000110
1.000000
-2.871274
B { 3 ) - 5 . 19515B-01
B (4) = - 2 . 87127K+00
B (5> = O.0OD0nE*0C
SPO= 1.34099E+G4
GK=
5.5681QE+03f
43089
18298.511
18160.062
-0.7S6
43129
13011.007
17952.410
-0.325
43169
18064.402
17985.515
-0.416
43249
18115.105
18095.785
-0.106
43329
18451.300
18384.187
-0.363
43489
18743.207
18758.300
0.090
43088
16604.292
16661.175
0.342
43128
16611.898
16599.257
-0.076
4316B
16921.097
17O67 a 105
0.862
43248
17551.800
17621.941
0.399
43328
18163.003
18227.660
0.355
43488
18415,507
18576.199
0.872
43087
15384.198
15583.242
1.292
43127
15774.800
15866,851
0.583
43167
16205.199
16191.652
-0.083
43247
16941.703
16905.468
-0.213
43327
17376.011
17440.859
0.373
43487
17277.000
17371.605
0.547
43086
15427.SCO
15623.125
1.266
43126
15626,101
15715.578
0.572
43166
16224.003
16210.453
-0.0=13
432*6
16663.304
16577,554
-0.514
43326
17040.804
16888.933
-0.891
43486
16649. 1<9
16493.031
-0.937
43085
14799.703
14822.132
0.151
43125
15282.199
15273.210
-0.058
41165
154.81.097
15283.527
-1.276
43245
15827.406
15664.925
-1.026
43325
16283.605
16197.691
-9.527
PSSO= 9 . 8 6 3 4 1 U + 0 3 ;

B(1) = 9.5D174B+00
B (61 * O.QOO0OE*OQ

B ( 2 | - 8.624P0F+9O
8(7) = 0.00000^*30;

Qt

Do

0 ,, 3 4 4 8 4 7
2,, 9 8 0 8 8 9
0 ., 0 4 8 0 8 4
0,. 3 9 9 2 4 6
0 . 306418
0.058095
0 ,, 4 6 6 9 4 6
0 ., 0 0 8 1 3 6
0.010459
0,, 0 6 6 7 7 5
0 , 048084
0 .. 0 5 8 0 9 5
0 ., 0 5 8 0 9 5
3,, 3 4 8 8 6 8
0,074387
0. 344847
0 ., 4 1 5 6 7 4
0,, 4 7 7 2 4 7
0.014076
0 ., 0 1 0 4 5 9
0 ,, 0 7 4 3 8 7
0 ., 5 6 3 2 6 9
0,, 0 8 4 9 8 5
0. 058095
0 . 399246
0 ., 4 7 7 2 4 7
3,. 8 7 8 4 0 6
0 ., 0 6 6 7 7 5
0.084985
0,, 5 5 2 1 1 0
9 ,, 5 7 2 2 5 7
1 . 000000
1 ,, 1 9 5 3 7 0
0,212864
0 ., 1 6 7 2 5 4
1 ,, 3 8 2 8 8 2
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 ,. 7 3 9 5 0 2
0 , 048084
6 ,, 7 7 3 3 2 0
2.252860
7,, 1 0 9 1 3 5
0 . 344847
- 4 ,,636077
- 0 ., 4C8?11
0 ., 0 0 0 4 1 8
0.062543
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 . 058095
- 0 , 0C0086
1.000000
- 34, , 6 4 9 8 2 6
0 ., 0 0 0 7 1 2
- 2 ,, 399552
0 ., 0 0 0 0 9 3
0 . 306418
- 0 ,,000018
0.000013
0 ., 0 4 3 3 5 6 8 f 1 ) - 9.57225.B+00
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
B|31=-4.98711E-01
8(6) = 0,000001*00
B ' ( 4 ) = -- 2 . 3 9 9 5 5 1 * 0 0
B {5]| = 4 . 3 3 5 6 6 E - 0 2
SFO= 1 . 4 3 6 0 7 E 4 O
GK= 1 , 22308K+03J
43089
18298.511
18027.589
-1.480
113129
18011.007
17902.382
-0.603
43169
17969,503
-0.525
18064.402
43249
0.007
18115,105
18116.402
43329
-0,083
1 8 4 5 1 ' , 300
18435.804
43489
0.473
18743.207
18831.914
16560,945
43G88
16604,292
-0.261
43128
16583,468
-0.171
16611.898
#3168
16921.097
17048.476
0.752
4324-8
17610.957
0.337
17551,800
43328
18207,976
0.247
18163,003
43488
18577.332
0.878
18415,507
4308?
15381,398
15499,589
0.7H8
43127
157711, 8C0
15839.910
0.412
43167
16205,199
-0.035
16199,480
-0.187
43247
16909.933
16941,703
43327
0.371
1 7 4 4 0 . 5 27
17376.011
43487
0.924
1743 6 . 7 3 4
17277,000
43086
15511.656
0.543
15427.800
43126
15626,101
0.313
15675.015
16178.996
-0.277
43168
16224.003
43248
1666 3 , 3 0 4
16578,976
-3,50fi
43326
17040.8Qtt
16919.421
-0.712
113486
16634.898
-0.085
16649.199
43085
14815.546
0 . 107
14799.703
15282,199
15291.910
43125
0.063
-0.783
43165
15481,097
15358.921
15759.117
43245
15827,406
-0.431
16280.542
43323
16283.605
-0.018
B I S !3= S . S S I B S E + O a ;

8 (2) = 7 . 1O913F+00
B f 7 | = O.OOOOOE+00

0 . 344847
0 , 058095
0 . 306418
0 , 048084
0,, 4 7 7 2 4 7
2., 9 8 0 8 8 9
0 . 3 9 9 246
0 . 010459
0, , 084 9 85
0,, 4 6 6 9 4 6
0 . 048084
0 . 008136
0 . 058095
0.066775
0 . 058095
0, 0 7 4 3 8 7
0. 344847
0 . 415674
0,477247
0 ,, 6 0 5 2 2 9
3,, 3 4 8868
0 . 058095
0 ., 0 7 4 3 8 7
0., 1 1 3 3 8 4
0 ,,010459
0 . 014076
0,, 5 6 3 2 6 9
0.084985
0 ,, 4 7 7 2 4 7
0 ., 0 8 4 9 8 5
0 ,, 0 6 6 7 7 5
G., 6 9 5 5 3 9
3,. 8 7 8 4 0 6
0 , 399246
0.552110
0 . 113384
0.695539
0 ,, 9 1 9 6 20
0 . 477247
0 ,, 0 8 4 9 8 5
0 ., 6 0 5 2 2 9
ft, , 6 2 8 7 8 9
1 . 268166
0 .,237,579
1.457396
1 ,, 9 2 6 9 2 5
9,, 6 0 9 5 8 4
1 . 000000
0 . 178073
2, 2 6 8 8 8 6
6 ., 7 5 0 1 2 7 ,
1 7 ., 4 6 8 0 6 3
1 . 000000
8 . ,78 4224
Q. 0 4 8 0 8 4
7 . 3 3 3263
0 . 344847
- 0 . 003312
- 1 . 000000
-1,597477
- 0 . 035221
- 1 , ,962958
- G ., 5 5 4 6 0 8
0 . 000113
0 . 058095
- 0 .,000055
1 .,000000
- 2 9 ,,684585
-31.042663
- 3 , ,629442
- 0 . 004319
0 . 000014
0 . 399246
0 .,00 0095
- 0 ,,167581
1..000000
1 .,489620
- 0 .,000005
- 0 . 000426
0 . 090002
0 . 306418
-0.000113
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 , , 173826
B{4 | ^ ~ 3 . 6 2 9 4 4 E + 0 0
B { 3 ) = - -5 ..54 60 8 5 - 0 1
B f 5 | ^ -1.67581E-01
B(2)-= 8 . 7 8 4 2 2 B + 0 0
GK~ 6 . 5 3 G 4 0 E * 0 3 ; '
B{7? = O.O0O0OB+00;
SPO- 1L 4 9 0 6 9 3 * 0 4
43089
18298.511
18199.921
-0.538
18011.007
93129
18015.457
0.024
43169
18048.386
18064.402
-0.088
43249
18115.105
18142.871
0.153
18417,914
18451.300
43329
-0.180
43489
18743,207
18756.261
0.069
43088
16604.292
- 0 . 114
16585.304
16611,898
43128
16589.890
-0.132
43168
17058.316
0.810
16921.097
43248
17592.339
17551,800
0.230'
18162.796
43328
-0.001
18163.003
18475.089
18415.507
43488
0.323
43087
0.241
15384.398
15421.550
43127
15806.906
15774.BOO
0.203
43167
16205.199
16173.472
-0.195
43247
16876.394
16:941.703
-0.385
43327
17384.097
17376,011
0.046
17332.535
43437
0.321
17277.000
15432.128
0.028
43086
15927.800
43126
15668.062
0.268
15626.101
16202.632
43166
16224.003
-0.131
16611.183
16663.304
"0.312
4324 6
16914.257
43326
17040.804
-0.742
16567.171
16649.199
4 3486
-0,492
14742,343
-0,387
14799.703
43085
15333.867
43125
15282.19*J
0.338
15431.097
-0.284
4 3 16 5
15437.000
15873,117
0.288
43245
15827.406
BHS Q= 5 . 3 1 1 4 4 R + 0 3 4 3 32 5
16185.968
5.628
1628 3 . 6 0 5

B f D = . S 0 958B-#-0Q
Bf6$ = 1 . 7 3 8 2 6 5 - 0 1

0 . 055824
2, 76 5046
p. 2 6 3 7 3 9
0 . 5B4620
0 . 012175
0. 055824
1 0 . 865621
1 . 000000
0 . 211666
0 . 05582%
- 1 . Bf*-29B0
1 . 000000
B(5J = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 * * 0 0
B(n - O.OO0O0E+OO
RK= 1 . 6 4 8 0 6 E - 0 1 ;
4000**. 156
~f>. 164
43089
42632,031
38836.640
3.020
41129
37698.023
37957.1S
43169
11.44 5
3*1059.011
36430.277
H32 4Q
30693,992
18.888
9.770
43329
34832.300
31^31.992
32328.394
-1.054
43S489
32672.992
430S8
39818.640
41127.035
-3.131
37776.007
38533.675
43128
2.005
27.767
43168
38196.050
29895*000
30.320
4324B
38467.472
27983,015
28.387
27377.992
35150.015
43328
32961.550
43488
21,142
27209.011
43GS7
-5.468
1 3 5 9 . 015
39097.144
43127
37852.351
37492.007
3.961
113167
33372.011
37193.289
11.450
43267
35682.035
20.295
29682.015
27.918
43327
30773.36
27184.011
32994.007
43487
27.139
25951,015
37734.496
I8631.015
4308S
-22,406
it 3 2 7 8 . 0 3 9
36499.111
43128
-15.663
-7.819
36792.031
43246
33915.261
35499.496
40672.007
43156
-12.286
-5.736
32986.M4
43326
34994.01
43lffi6
-0.274
31031,011
31743.734
-34.909
113085
56805.015
3697ft.fi60
52583.019
-32.842
4 3 12 5
35313.511
43165
-33.190
51245.011
34236.312
43215
39992.027
-16.982
33200.55R
3S62007
32378.839
-9.155
43125

B(1) = 1 . 3 8 6 5 6 E + 0 1
B { 6 | = O.COOOOB+OO

MSQ= 7 . 0 8 2 Q 1 E + ^ 5 ;

B{2} = - 1 ,.8O298B+Q0
8 ( 7 ) = 0,. 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0 ;

8 C3| ^.OOOQCE+00
5PO= 5.23455B-J-04

0,,293575
2. 765046
0. 263739
0. 055824
0. 012175
0,,062208
0, 584620
0. 055824
0.062208
0, 350118
0. 293575
3. 0A9327
1.000000
1, 192600
10. 331525
0. 211898
- 1 . 897614
1.,000000 -12, 615931
0. 055824
- 0 .,000061
G. 263739
1,,000000
0. 4978178(11- 1*03315E*01
B{4) - O.OO000E+O0
. 8(5]- 0.0000 OS--00
B(6>- 0.00030^+00
GK= 1. 49922B-01|
43089
92632,031
34544*558
-18.970
43129
33034.746
-12.370
37698,023
113169
34059.011 . 31877.460
-6.405
30098.078
30693,992
-1.941
43249
113329
27869.242
-12.173
31731,992
4 3*89
25030.667
-23.390
32672.992
41127.035
3962 4,914
-3.652
43088
43128
37776,007
37177,046
-1.585
43188
35640.171
29895,000
19.217
4324 8
32834.046
17.335
27983*015
43328
30480.613
27377.992
11.332
43608
27209.011
27796.964
2.160
45060.187
4308?
41359.015
8.948
43127
374 92.007
41388.728
10.393
43167
38742.496
33372.011
16.092
43247
19.617'
35481.050
29662.015
43327
33250.139
22.315
27184,011
43487
25951.015
30895*515
19*053
43086
46879.359
-3.601
48631.015
43278.039
43396.820
43126
0.274
43246
36792,031
37022.398
0.626
49472.007
40249.570
43166
-0.549
43126
34994.019
34350.832
-1. 3*?7
31937.316
43486
31831.011
0,333
43085
-14.221
49726.324
56805,015
43125
52583.019
44502,699
-15.366
43165
41681,730
51245.011
-lf.661
43245
39992*027
39188.039
-2.010
35642.007
36765,6^1
43325
3.152
8HSQ= 4.25332H+05

B(2)=-1.897S3E+')0
B(7)= O.OOOOOE+00;

B(3)= 4 . 9 7 8 1 7 1 - 0 1
?P0 3.06OTQ1+O4

c, 2 8 3 7 3 1
c. 0 5 5 8 2 U
o. 2 9 3 5 7 5

0, 0 5 5 A 2 4
0.
0 ., 2 9 3 5 7 5
0 .. 0 6 2 2 n s
0.
0.: 0 1 2 1 7 5
n ,, 3 5 0 1 1 9
0.
0 ., 0 6 2 2 0 8
0,
0 .. 0 1 3 5 8 3
0 . GS2209
0 ,, 0 7 4 2 9 7
1 ., 1 9 2 6 0 0
0.
1. 000000
0 ., 2 1 1 9 9 8
1 ,. 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 . 055R24
0 ., 2 8 2 " ? 3 1
1.
- 0 .. 0 0 0 0 6 1
0.
0. 263739
1 ., 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 , 06220Q
- 0 ,, 0 0 4 4 6 6
0 ,, 0 0 0 3 4 6
1.
B(4 = 4 , l799Ri?-"t l
B(3} = 4 . 0 8 6 0 4 E - 0 1
UK=
9, 61 1 6 5 E - 0 2 ;
5 ^ 0 = 3S . 3 7 3 S 5 E + 0 4
430B9
42632.031
34781.546
-19.414
43129
- 1 1,876
17698.023
31220.765
41169
-5.9B8
34059.011
32019.503
43249
-1.777
30693.992
33148.37S
43329
27^09,769
31731,992
-12,360
43489
24774.464
- 2 4 . 171*
3 2 6 7 2 . 9*32
39593.109
- 3,72 9
43088
41127.035
3719i|.93i
43128
-1.518
37776.007
4316B
3S693.234
29895.000
19.30 5
17.430
32860.734
4324B
279*?3. 015
30*56.117
43328
27377,9^2
11.24 3
27209.011
27652.968
] , 631
34R8
43087
9 . 179
4 4 7 4 2 . 113
41359.015
41256,239
43127
10.04^
3 74 9 2 . 0 0 ?
3S690.aA8
33372.011
15,9^6
43167
43247
35477.972
19.607
2S62.G15
43327
33240.953
27194.011
22.231
03487
19.R9 9
25951.015
30852,675
4306
48631.015
46577.042
-4223
4327R.039
43126
43297.490
0 . 04 4
36712.031
3111?.42c>
0 P94
43246
^ p r, ^ *?
40472.007
40256.671
43166
43126
34994.019
-1.600
345133, 914
31998,562
';. 5?6
43406
31811.011
7
ft3085
56805.015
48471.I^
- 1 4 . b'7^
f
52593.019
13125
&S4S. 2 .1
-15.283
-19,3?o
43165
5 12*15* 0 1 1
41851,912
- 1 ,39n
1132*15
39<Q2. 0 2 7
3943 5,0'J1
43325
3^542.007
37020.632
^.Bft?

062209
01356 3
074797
016198
253077
191730
213231
0003fiC

2 ,, 7 6 5 0 4 6
0 ,, 5 8 4 6 2 0
3 ., 0 8 9 3 2 7
0 ., 6 5 3 9 6 2
1 0 ,, 4 2 6 1 3 7
- 2 ,, 3 4 2 1 9 3
0 ,, 4 3 3 6 0 4
0 ,, 4 1 7 9 9 3
B { 5 ) = o.ooooow+oo

BHSQ-

4.24024E+05;

B(1| = 1.04263F+01
M 6 } = o.oo0DOF+:e-

R (2) =-2.3421'?T?+00
Sf7)= OBO00C0P+00;

0 , 263739
0 . 055624

c. 293 575
0 , 062208
0 , 463028

0.
0
0.
0
0
0,
1
_0
-0,
-0

1 . 000000
0 . 055824
0. 2 9 3 5 7 5
0 . 062208
0. 263739
B(3} = 6.O4701E-01
SFO= 9 , 7 4 4 3 2 5 * 0 3
43009
12632.031
43129
37698.023
43189
34059.011
43249
30693.992
43329
31731', 992
H3489
32672,992
43088
41127.035
#3128
37776.007
43168
29895*000
432#fl
27983.015
4332B
27377,992
43488
27209.011
43087
41359.015
43127
37492.007
1316?
33372.011
43247
29662.015
43327
27184.011
43487
25951.015
43086
ftP631.015
4 3126
4327fi,039
43246
36792.031
43166
40472.007
W3126
34994.019
43486
31831.011
43085
56805.015
43125
52583*019
43165
51245.011
43245
399<2.Q27
43 32 5
35642.007

2.765046
0,46302P
0.06220ft
0.5B462Q
0 ,062208
0.101920
0.013563
0 ,350118
3 089 327
0.074297
0,493960
0 ,074297
0.016198
0,108670
c 653962
0 ,493960
0 . 108670
0.8776P1
4 835453
1 ,066804
0.234695
1.895525
9 184440
-2.23634<?
-15 , 3 ^ 3 ^ 7 5
25.907684
28 875244
,
213524
1
0 604701
-0.952242
0 ,000000
0 ,000000
_g 024642
5
.
9
5
2
4
7
1
,005956
1
,
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
- 1 9 1 2 0 5 7 B f 1 ) - 9.18444E+00
0
B { 4 ) =.000^30 B { 5 ! 1.000000
S-1.91235E+00
B{6)= O.OOO00B+OD
-9.O2484E+00
GK= 1
39803.226 , 47023E + 12;
16618.0^3
-6,635
32728.191
-2*864
25935.773
-3.907
25772.351
-15.502
30583*394
-13,7*M
40963,765
-6.393
38772.210
-0.396
33746,781
2.637
294*2.OUH
27521.265
12.8B4
5. 213
27003,062
0.52 3
43301.074

055924
012175
062208
01356 3
101920
220118
000000
000112
000129
00 2228

0 ,29 35 75

41077,566
33413.000
34809.953
32183.105

28132,85=*
46618.550
43921.683
39271.394
42576.203
37683,390
32683.339
46982.390
44967,718
42597.605
38472.210
3M75.472

-0.758

4.695
9.563
1 5 . 105
1 7 . 3407
55
1 8 , 3138
39
9 4^7
- i f 71R
1 199
6 6B5
5 677
7 2a1

2
-- 11 76 . 8mi
74

-1U
-3,800
2,338

,FWSQ= 3 . 6 1 7 9 9 E * 0 5 ;

Bf2)= 2.RS"52S + 01
B 17}- n.OOOOOE+DP;

0 ., 0 6 2 2 0 8
0 ,, 4 9 3 9 6 0
263739
0 , 055824
0 . 29 3575
0.. 4 6 3 0 2 8
2,, 7 6 5 0 4 6
0 , 062208
0 ., 108670
0,, 5 8 4 6 2 0
055824
0 . 012175
0 ., 0 1 3 5 6 3
0,, 1 0 1 9 2 0
293575
0 , 062208
0 . 350118
0 ., 5 6 7 0 7 4
0 . 074297
0,, 4 9 3 9 6 3
3,, 0 9 9 3 2 7
062208
0 , 013563
0 ., 0 7 4 2 9 7
0 ., 0 1 6 1 9 8
0 ,, 1 2 4 7 6 7
0,, 1 0 8 6 7 0
0,. 6 5 3 9 6 2
0 ,, 8 9 5 8 4 9
463028
0 ,, 1 0 1 9 2 0
0 . 49 3960
0,, 8 7 7 6 8 1
4 ,, 8 3 5 4 5 3
0 ., 1 0 8 6 7 0
0 . 124767
493960
0 , 108670
0 . 567074
0,. 8 9 5 8 4 9
0 ., 9 8 7 3 6 2
5,, 1 7 6 9 2 2
1 . 148013
1 ,, 9 9 8 8 6 7
0 ,, 2 5 2 5 8 6
1 ,. 8 1 3 6 0 3
000000
0'. 219998
1 0 ,, 7 2 2 9 2 3
8 ., 3 0 2 6 0 6
- 5 . 504475
8,, 9 9 4 6 3 7
- 0 ,,060656
055824
1 .,000000
16,, 1 7 6 5 4 4
1 . 000000
0 ,, 8 0 8 1 5 3
293575
- 0 . 000105
0 , 222020
- 0 ,,993042
- 0 .,779686
0, 002211
- 4 ,,798798
8,, 2 1 3 0 1 6
062208
- 0 . 000121
1 , 000000
1 2 ,, 0 1 6 6 3 3
- 0 . 002462
0 . 000055
.0.,000003
4 ,, 6 7 6 5 2 2
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 3 .,456341
o. 4 6 3 0 2 8
- 0 . 021297
- 0 , 000012
1 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 . 263739
- 0 . 00219?
- 0 .,003038
- 1 . ,28600^
B(3)=-7.796868-01
B (5>=- - 4 . 5 6 3 4 1 E - 0 1
B ( 2 i = 8.9946313*00
B(H' ) = B . 2 0 3 3 1 B + 0 0
B(7? 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 8 + 0 0 ;
SPO~ 1 . 5 3 8 4 3 8 + 0 4
GK= 8, 0 5 9 7 4 E + 0 3 ;
43089
41136.214
42632.031
-3.508
38357.871
I3129
37698,023
1,750
35200,769
43169
34059'. 0 1 1
3.352
30693,992
29466.992
-3.997
43249
30111.113
43329
31731.992
-5.108
43489
34147.117
32672.992
4.511
43088
41127.035
37868.382
-7.923
37776,007
35970.230
-4.780
43128
32245.871
43168
29895,000
7.863
27983.015
28764.464
43248
2.792'
2
7
7
4
0
.
2
9
2
43328
27377,992
1.323
43488
27209.011
27077.437
-0.483
43087
40221.980
41359,015
-2.749
43127
37492*007
37690.222
0,528
4116?
34755,982
33372.011
4.146
29662,015
31226.421
4324?
5.274
43327
27194.011
28948.875
6.492
43487
25951,015
-3.063
25156,113
48697.199
48631.015
43086
0.136
43278.039
49603.820
43126
3.063
3679 2 . 0 3 1
37117.496
43246
0.884
41533.839
40472.007
43166
2*623
34994.019
43326
34052,0*^3
-2.691
4348S
31831.011
28634.378
-10.042
43085
56805.015
55999.160
-1.418
43125
52963.902
52583.019
0.724
48282,257
43165
51245.011
-5.781
41513.099
43245
39 9 9 2 . 0 2 7
3.801
43325
37041.574
35642.007
M 5 i 3= 1 . 4 1 2 4 9 E + 0 5 ;
3.926
0.
0,
0,
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0,

B { 1 ) = 1.0*72298 + 0 1
B (6)=-1.286008+00

0, 263739
0 ,055824
o. 293575
0 ,0622GB
0, 46 3 028

o. 493960
166766
2,
000000
1.

955824

o. 293575

0 ,055824
0 ,012175
0 ,062208
0 ,013563
0 ,101920
0 ,108670
0 ,463028
0 ,213695
1 .000000
-0 .000527
0 .000270
0 .002973
0 .000245
-0 ,000535

0, 062208
0,,463028
0 ,493960
0 263739
0-1,10903E+O1
B (21 =2.55159E-01
B (7) '
426321031
13989
37698.023
83129
34059,011
43169
30693.992
4 32 49
31731.992
43329
32672.992
43989
41127.035
43088
37776.007
43128
29895,000
43168
27983.015
43248
27377.992
43328
27209,011
43488
41359.015
43087
374 9 2 . 0 0 7
43121
33372.011
43167
29662.015
43247
27184.011
43327
25951.015
43487
48631.015
43086
43278.039
43126
36792.031
43246
404 7 2 . 0 0 7
43166
34994.019
43326
434 86
31831.011
43085
56805.015
43125
52583.019
431S5
51245.011
43245
39992.027
43 325
15642.007

0.
0. 293575
0. 062208
0.
0. 350118
0,
0. 07 4297
0.
0* 49 3960
0.
0.
567074
0,
2.
0,
1. 310463
0.
12. 066318
3,
1. 961079
0,
0. 000000
- 0 . 00 445^
1,
- 0 . 038318
0,
0. 000506
-0,
B{3)=- 019280
0.
S?0= 1 1.81398E+00
43095.378 .28413H+06
38239.128
1.086
34431.320
1.435
29145.832
1.093
-5.060
30170.816
-4.919
33847.503
3.594
39291.476
-4.463
35764.039
-5.326
31791,300
6.34 3
28254.592
0.970
27611.015
0.851
27777,937
2.090
41191.410
-0.405
37411,144
-0.215
34080.261
2.122
30490.613
2.79 3
28523.304
4.928
25964.929
0.053
49075.625
0.914
44062.398
1.812
36377.437
-1.126
40490.769
0.046
33472.000
-4.34 9
29415,245
7
.589
56575.460
-0,404
52645.839
0.119
47960,507
-6.409
41985,091
4.983
37832,214
6.15

062208
013563
074297
016198
10867C
124767
493961
227971
905218
214773
000000
000003
000014
030031

0. 463028
2.765046
0 , 493960
2, 166766
0. 101920
0 . 108670
0, 46 3028
0.584620
0 , 567074
2. 310463
0, 493960
3.089327
0 . 124767
0 99 3961
0, 108670
0.653962
3, 952233
0. 877681
0 . 895849
4.835453
4, 03 7564
0. 895849
0 . 987362
5.176922
0375
64
952233
u.
18, 319323
3.
22.652999
863405
1,
1. 824023
8, 454682
14.065599
2 1 , 491287
- 1 . 652958
-44. 553787 -11.090393
714235
0,
- 0 , 955562
-4, 443655
-1.813988
1 2 . 962 867
- 3 , 792126
1. 109244
14.867738
1 ,000003
0 , 934003
6, 784339
1.081575
1 , 000000
- 0 , 000041
-0, 504532
-1.347826
- 0 . 000031
- 0 . 000054
1.40655E*C1
1. 00 0000
-0.25515^8(11
B(4) = 1.48677E+01
Bf6| =-1.34782E+00
B (5) = 1.08157B+00
OK- 1, 5 2 5 8 2 E - 0 5 ;

RHSQ* 1 . 2 1 4 0 0 E + 0 5 ;

177

-X-

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VITA
Cecil Reid Attaway was born In Frederlcksberg, Virginia on
May 19j 19^-0. He attended grammar school in Clinton, New Jersey and
high school at Annandale,, Hew Jersey.

He entered Clems on University

(then Clemson College) In 1958 and graduated with honors in June, 1962
in Mechanical Engineering.

He received a commission as a Second Lieu-

tenant In the United States Army Reserve in August, 1962.

In September, 1962 he enrolled in the Graduate Division of the
Georgia Institute of Technology.

In June, 1967 he was called to active

duty by the United States. Army and in June, 1968 was promoted to the
rank of Captain. During his tour of duty he served as a Research and.
Development Coordinator for the Army Research Office, Durham, North
Carolina,

In 1968 he was awarded the degree of Master of Science 'by

the Georgia Institute of Technology,